Презентация по английскому языку на тему " пассивный залог". Презентация "страдательный залог" Презентация на тему passive voice

The Active and Passive voice

Действительный и страдательный залог

ЗАЛОГ -

это форма глагола, которая показывает: сам предмет или лицо производит действие (действительный залог) или действие производится над предметом или лицом (страдательный залог).

Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие , то глагол употребляется в форме действительного залога: The sun attracts the planets. Солнце притягивает планеты. Pushkin wrote “Poltava” in 1828. Пушкин написал «Полтаву» в 1828

Если же подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол употребляется в форме страдательного залога:

The planets are attracted by the sun. Планеты притягиваются солнцем.

“ Poltava” was written by Pushkin in 1828. «Полтава» была написана

Пушкиным в 1828 году.

В страдательном залоге часто не упоминается, кем или с помощью чего было совершено действие, но если такая информация нужна, то используются предлоги by (кем) или with (с помощью чего).

The job was done by Ann. – Работа была сделана Аней.

The letter was written with a pen. – Письмо было написано ручкой.

Образование времен страдательного залога

Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.

Таким образом, при спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be , смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму – Past Participle.

Следовательно, время, в котором стоит глагол в страдательном залоге, определяется формой, в которой стоит вспомогательный глагол to be :

I am invited

I am being invited

I was invited

I shall be invited

I was being invited

I have been invited

I had been invited

I should be invited

I shall have been invited

I should have been invited

Underline the passive fofm of the verbs. Translate into Russian.

• 1. The car was bought last month. –

• 2. The letter were sent yesterday. –

• 3. The keys weren’t found. –

• 4. Where was the treasure hidden? –

• 5. Was anything lost two days ago? –

• 6. What was done by you last year? –

• 7. The book was stolen, wasn’t it? –

• 8. helory was killed by the Romans. –

Гелори был убит Римлянами.

Книга была украдена, не так ли?

Что было сделано тобой в прошлом году?

Письмо было отправлено вчера.

Было что-то потеряно 2 дня назад?

Машина была куплена в прошлом месяце.

Ключи не были найдены.

Где было спрятано сокровище?

Отметьте знаком (+) предложения, в которых действие совершалось лицом или предметом, и знаком (-) предложения, в которых действие совершалось над лицом или предметом.

• 1. The wind broke the window.
• 2. The window was broken by the wind.
• 3. The dog due a hole.
• 4. The hole was dug by the dog.
• 5. The bag wasn’t found.
• 6. He didn’t find his bag.
• 7. the Normans attacked the English.
• 8. The English were attacked by the Normans.
• 9. When was paper invented by the Chinese?
• 10. When did the Chinese invent paper?
• 11. Why did they do it?
• 12. New computer programmes were used in this proect?
• 13. he used a new programme in the proect.

Глагол-сказуемое в Active Voice показывает, что подлежащее предложения само совершает действие, выраженное глаголом. I ask. (Я спрашиваю) Глагол-сказуемое в Passive Voice показывает, что подлежащее предложения является объектом действия, выраженного глаголом. I am asked. (Меня спрашивают)

V3 to be Показателем лица, числа и времени в Passive Voice является глагол to be, а форма причастия II остается неизменной.

am is are v3

Butter is made from milk.

Oranges are imported from Marocco

Past Simple Passive v3 was were

have has been

The shirts have been ironed.

am is are being

They must visit Mr Grey in the morning. He will speak to his cousin tomorrow. They often give her fruits from their garden. Mr Grey must be visited in the morning. His cousin will be spoken tomorrow. She is often given fruits from their garden.

4.They built a new hospital last year. 5. She is reading a new book at the moment. 6.When Jack came his sister was preparing supper. 4. A new hospital was built last year. 5. A book is being read at the moment. 6. Supper was being prepared when Jack came.

7. I have done my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 8. He will look after his brother next week. 7. My work has been done. 8. His brother will be looked after next week.

9. Pupils didn’t visit the boy last week. 10. We don’t translate poems at home. 9.The boy was not visited last week. 10. Poems are not translated at home.

Страдательный залог

Unit 1 , lesson 4

Teacher: Manerko S.S.

Active Voice – подлежащее само выполняет действие:

The boy wrote a poem. – Мальчик написал стихотворение.

Passive Voice употребляется когда неизвестно или неважно, кем выполняется действие – действие производится над подлежащим:

The poem was written by a boy .- Стихотворение было написано мальчиком.

Если указано, кем производится действие, употребляется предлог by.

Вопросительная форма образуется путём переноса первого вспомогательного глагола на место перед подлежащим , например:

Is the suit press ed ?

Отглажен ли костюм?

Has the house been built ?

Дом построен ?

Will they be request ed to go there?

Их попросят пойти туда?

When will the telegram be sent ?

Когда будет отправлена телеграмма?

How is this word spelt ?

Как пишется/произносится это слово?

Отрицательная форма образуется путем постановки отрицательной частицы not после первого вспомогательного глагола, например:

He was not (wasn’t) sent there.

Его туда не посылали .

We were not told that he was ill.

Нам не говорили , что он был болен.

The books have not been sold yet .

(Эти) книги еще не распроданы .

I’ m making a cake

A cake is being made.

A cake was made.

I was making a cake.

I have made a cake

A cake was being made.

I had made a cake.

A cake has been made.

I will make a cake.

Future be going to

A cake had been made.

I ’m going to make a cake.

A cake will be made.

A cake is going to be made.

I must make a cake.

I should have made a cake.

A cake must be made.

A cake should have been made.

She woke up early in the morning. - She was woken from her sleep by his singing.

I deny that, - said Joan. – The decision was denied by my friends.

Jane broke the vase. - The vase was broken by Jane.

1. Some libraries were founded by kings and presidents.

2. This book was published in 1890.

3. This work will be finished in March.

4. This telegram won`t be sent till tomorrow.

5. All my friends are invited to this party.

6. All the reports at the UNO are translated into Chinese.

7. We hope that your lost dog will be found soon.

Say what and when and by whom was invented. Use the table.

the first US museum

first baseball game

Vladimir Zvorykin

Charles Birdseye

fast frozen food

• Solar power drives this car.
• The Chinese invented paper.

Spanish is spoken in Chile.

• They have arrested him for shoplifting.
• People in Chile speak Spanish.
• They are repairing your car now.
• Solar power drives this car.
• The Chinese invented paper.

He has been arrested for shoplifting.

Spanish is spoken in Chile.

Your car is being repaired now.

This car is driven by solar power.

Paper was invented by the Chinese.

• Мне расскажу т I will be told
• Мне рассказывают I am told
• Мне рассказали I was told
• Мне покажут I will be shown
• Мне показывают I am shown
• Мне показали I was shown
• Нас спросили We were asked
• Нас спрашивают We are asked
• Нас спросят We will be asked

• Нам ответили We were answered
• Нам отвечают We are answered
• Нам ответят We will be answered
• Ему помогли He was helped
• Ему помогают He is helped
• Ему помогут He will be helped

• 1. My question (to answer) yesterday.
• My question was answered yesterday.
• 2. Hockey (to play) in winter.
• Hockey is played in winter.
• 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
• Mushrooms are gathered in autumn.
• 4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
• Many houses were burnt during the Great Fire of London.

• 5. His new book (to finish) next year.
• His new book will be finished next year .
• 6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets .
• Flowers are sold in shops and in the streets .
• 7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
• St. Petersburg was founded in 1703.
• 8. Bread (to eat) every day.
• Bread is eaten every day.
• 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
• The letter was received yesterday.

Тест : 1. Окно разбито. а) The window is broken. b) The window was broken. c) The window will be broken. 2. Окно было разбито. а) The window is broken. b) The window was broken. c) The window will be broken. 3. Окно будет разбито. а) The window is broken. b) The window was broken. c) The window will be broken. 4. Камень брошен. а) The stone is thrown. b) The stone was thrown. c) The stone will be thrown.

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Слайды презентации

Слайд 1

YOU WANT TO SHOW THAT OBJECT HAS THE LARGER IMPORTANCE THAN SUBJECT

Слайд 2

We use passive forms when: a) we don`t know WHO did it; The window was broken an hour ago. b) we are interested in WHAT happens, not WHO it is done by; His watch was stolen in the street. с) the situation is rather formal. Smoking is not allowed.

Слайд 3

Passive Voice be+V3

Somebody cleans every day. (active) subject is cleaned every day. (passive) The object of the active verb becomes the subject in the new sentence.

this room object This room subject

Слайд 7

Rewrite these sentences using Passive voice:

People don`t use this road very often. Somebody is using the comp at the moment. They have built a new hospital near the airport. They cancelled all flights because of fog. Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived. The car was 3 years old but no one had used it very much. Somebody will translate this article tomorrow. By the end of the week Nick will have finished his report.

Слайд 8

If we want to say who does the action, we use by: This house was built by my grandfather. Two hundred people are employed by the company. If somebody does the action with the help of instruments, we use with: Meat should be cut with a knife. Food in Japan is eaten with chopsticks.

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Choose the right preposition:

1. Fish is cut … a special knife. 2. What do we usually dig … ? 3. These novels are written … A. J. Cronin. 4. The big tree was cut down … Jim. 5. The bridge was built … five workers. 6. Who is the portrait painted …? 7. Women`s dresses are sewed … dressmakers.

Слайд 10

Passive voice with the verbs that have two objects

Some verbs can have two objects: We gave the police the information. object 1 object 2 So it is possible to make two passive sentences: The police were given the information. Or The information was given to the police. Other verbs which can have two objects are: ask offer pay refuse send show teach tell

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Express the same in English using passive forms of the verbs

Мои часы украли вчера. Посмотри! Новый кинотеатр построили! Когда Павел вошел в комнату, обсуждали его проект. Все упражнения сделаны. Мы можем идти в кино. Когда с ним поговорят? Текст нужно будет перевести. Когда папа приехал, вещи были упакованы. Где статья? Ее переводят. Ее переведут через час. Джона Леннона знают не только в Англии. Мне разрешили пойти в кино.

Постарайтесь вовлечь аудиторию в рассказ, настройте взаимодействие с аудиторией с помощью наводящих вопросов, игровой части, не бойтесь пошутить и искренне улыбнуться (где это уместно).