The dark kingdom in the play "thunderstorm". Composition: "Dark Kingdom" in the drama "Thunderstorm": Dikoy and Boar Representation of the dark kingdom in the play Thunderstorm

The test assumes a detailed knowledge of the work and its characters, as well as knowledge of the life and work of the writer and his views. Students should know the opinions of critics about this work, know the terminology. Keys are included with the test. The test is designed for the last lesson in the system of lessons on the work of A. N. Ostrovsky.

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Zaitseva Larisa Nikolaevna,

teacher of Russian language and literature.

MB OU Gas pipeline secondary school with. Pochinki, Pochinkovsky district,

Nizhny Novgorod region.

Subject: literature

Grade: 10

Subject: Test based on the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm".

1. The article "Dark Kingdom" was written by:

A) N. G. Chernyshevsky;

B) V. G. Belinsky;

C) N. A. Dobrolyubov.

2. Bright representatives of the "dark kingdom" are:

A) Tikhon; c) Boar;

B) wild; d) Kuligin.

3. Which of the heroes of the play clearly demonstrates the collapse of the "dark kingdom" in the pre-reform years:

A) Tikhon; c) Feklusha;

B) Barbara; d) Kabanova.

4. A satirical denunciation is combined in the play with the assertion of a new force rising to fight for human rights. Who is the author relying on?

A) Katherine

B) Tikhon;

B) Boris.

5. Who did N. A. Dobrolyubov call "a ray of light in a dark kingdom"?

A) Barbara c) Tikhon;

B) Katerina; d) Kuligin.

6. The finale of the play is tragic. Katerina's suicide, according to Dobrolyubov, is a manifestation of:

A) spiritual strength and courage;

B) spiritual weakness and impotence;

C) momentary emotional outburst.

7. The speech characteristic is a vivid demonstration of the character of the hero. Find the correspondence between the speech of the characters in the play:

A) Was it like that? I lived, didn’t grieve about anything, like a bird in the wild!” “The winds are violent, you transfer my sadness and longing to him!”

B) “Bla-alepie, honey, blah-alepie! (...)

Live in the promised land! And the merchants are all pious people, adorned with many virtues.

C) “I haven’t heard, my friend, I haven’t heard. I don't want to lie. As I heard, I would not talk to you, my dear, then.

(Kabanikha; Katerina; Feklusha.)

8. In the speech of the heroes there is (find a match):

A) church vocabulary, saturated with archaisms and vernacular;

B) folk-poetic, colloquial, emotional vocabulary;

C) petty-bourgeois-merchant vernacular, rudeness;

D) literary vocabulary of the 18th century with Lomonosov and Derzhavin traditions.

9. Find the correspondence of the given characteristics to the heroes of the play:

A) “Who ... will please, if ... the whole life is based on swearing? And most of all because of money, not a single settlement can do without scolding ... And the trouble is, if in the morning ... someone will make you angry! He picks on everyone all day long."

B) “Hunt, sir! The beggars are clothed, but the household is stuck (stuck) completely.

(Wild; Boar).

10. Who says these words?

“I say: why don’t people fly like birds? You know, sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. When you stand on a mountain, you are drawn to fly. That’s how I would run up, raise my hands and fly.”

A) Barbara c) Glasha;

B) Katerina; d) Feklusha.

11.A. N. Ostrovsky reveals the social-typical and individual properties of characters in a certain social environment. Which one?

A) landlord-noble;

B) merchant;

B) aristocratic

D) folk.

12. In what journal at the beginning of his activity (until 1856) did A. N. Ostrovsky collaborate?

A) "Moskvityanin";

B) "Domestic Notes";

B) "Contemporary";

D) "Library for reading."

13. A. N. Ostrovsky considered realism and folk in literature to be the highest criterion of artistry. What is a "nation"?

A) a special property of a literary work in which the author reproduces in his artistic world national ideals, national character, the life of the people;

B) a literary work that tells about the life of the people;

C) the manifestation in the work of the national literary tradition, on which the author relies in his work.

14.A. N. Ostrovsky worked closely with the theater, on the stage of which almost all the plays of the playwright were performed. What is the name of this theatre?

A) Art Theatre;

B) Maly Theatre;

C) theater "Sovremennik";

D) Bolshoi Theatre.

Test Keys:

1 - c).

2 - b), c).

3 - b).

4 - a).

5 B).

6 - a).

7 - a) Katerina; b) Feklusha; c) Boar.

8 - a) Boar; b) Katerina; c) wild; d) Kuligin.

9 - a) Wild; b) Boar.

10 - b).

11 - b).

12 - a).

13 - a).

We will get into the "dark kingdom" from the very first lines of the play. However, the name "kingdom" evokes associations with a fairy tale and is too poetic for what the merchant world described by Ostrovsky is. The characterization of the city of Kalinov at the beginning of the work is given by Kuligin. According to him, there is nothing to see here except the contrast of wealth and poverty, cruelty and humility. The rich tend to get richer at the expense of the poor. At the same time, the rich are at enmity with each other, as they feel competition. “And among themselves, sir, how they live! They undermine each other's trade, and not so much out of self-interest, but out of envy. They quarrel with each other; they lure drunken clerks into their tall mansions ... And they ... scribble malicious slander on their neighbors. And they will begin, sir, the court and the case, and there will be no end to the torment. Kuligin refuses to capture all this in verse - so mores seem to him prosaic.

Consider the characters who are the expression of these morals, the face of the "dark kingdom".

One of them is the landowner Wild. Residents of the city call him "scold" and "shrill man." It is the appearance of the Wild, when he "as if off the chain", gives Kuligin a reason to start discussing the cruel customs of the city. The name of this character is telling. It can be compared to a wild beast - it is so cruel, quick-tempered, stubborn. Wild is a despot, both in his family and beyond. He terrorizes, among other things, his nephew, mocks the townspeople - “he outrages in every possible way, as his heart desires.” The general impression of Dikoy is formed if you listen to reviews about him from different people.

The boar in its cruelty is not inferior to the Wild. She is also endowed with a speaking surname. “Boar” is a derivative of the word “boar”, which also refers to the earthiness of the character, cruelty, inhumanity, lack of spirituality. She exhausts her family with constant moralizing, tyrannizes them, makes them live in accordance with strict rules. She is eradicating human dignity from her household. Katerina suffers especially hard, she says that thanks to her mother-in-law, life has become disgusting to her and the house has become disgusting.

Feklusha occupies a special role "in the dark kingdom". This is a wanderer who intensively spreads rumors about various superstitions and obvious nonsense. For example, about people with dog heads, about belittling time, about a fiery snake. The saddest thing is that in the city of Kalinov people willingly believe these rumors, they love Feklusha and are always happy to invite her to their house. This shows the extent of their superstition and hopeless stupidity.

The lady is another colorful character who expresses the spirit and customs of the "dark kingdom". This half-mad woman screams to Katerina that beauty will lead her into a whirlpool, which horrifies her. The image of the lady and her words can be understood in two ways. On the one hand, this is a warning that real beauty (of which Katerina is the bearer) will not live long in this world. On the other hand, how do you know? - perhaps Katerina is the personification of a lady in her youth. But she could not cope with these worlds and went crazy in her old age.

So, all these characters personify the worst aspects of the outgoing world - its cruelty, primitiveness, mysticism.

The drama "Thunderstorm" was written by A.N. Ostrovsky on the eve of the peasant reform in 1859. The author reveals to the reader the features of the social structure of that time, the characteristics of a society that is on the verge of significant changes.

two camps

The action of the play takes place in Kalinovo, a merchant town on the banks of the Volga. The society was divided in it into two camps - the older generation and the younger generation. They involuntarily collide with each other, as the movement of life dictates its own rules, and it will not be possible to preserve the old system.

The "Dark Kingdom" is a world characterized by ignorance, lack of education, tyranny, home building, and rejection of change. The main representatives are the merchant Marfa Kabanova - Kabanikha and Wild.

Mir Kabanikhi

The boar torments relatives and friends with groundless reproaches, suspicions and humiliations. It is important for her to observe the rules of the "old times", even at the expense of ostentatious actions. She demands the same from her environment. Behind all these laws, one does not have to talk about at least some feelings in relation even to one's own children. She brutally rules over them, suppressing their personal interests and opinions. The whole way of the Kabanovs' house is based on fear. To intimidate and humiliate is the life position of a merchant's wife.

wild

Even more primitive is the merchant Wild, a true tyrant, humiliating those around him with loud shouts and abuse, insults and exaltation of his own personality. Why is he behaving like this? It's just a way of self-realization for him. He boasts of Kabanova, how he subtly scolded this or that, admiring his ability to come up with new abuse.

Heroes of the older generation understand that their time is coming to an end, that their usual way of life is being replaced by something different, fresh. From this, their anger becomes more and more uncontrollable, more furious.

The pilgrim Feklusha, a respected guest for both, supports the philosophy of the Wild and Boar. She tells frightening stories about foreign countries, about Moscow, where certain creatures with dog heads walk instead of people. These legends are believed, not realizing that by doing so they expose their own ignorance.

Subjects of the "dark kingdom"

The younger generation, or rather its weaker representatives, are amenable to the influence of the kingdom. For example, Tikhon, who from childhood does not dare to say a word against his mother. He himself suffers from her oppression, but he does not have enough strength to resist her character. Largely because of this, he loses Katerina, his wife. And only bending over the body of the deceased wife, he dares to blame the mother for her death.

Dikiy's nephew, Boris, Katerina's lover, also becomes a victim of the "dark kingdom". He could not resist cruelty and humiliation, began to take them for granted. Having managed to seduce Katerina, he could not save her. He did not have the courage to take her away and start a new life.

Beam of light in the dark realm

It turns out that only Katerina is knocked out of the usual life of the "dark kingdom" with her inner light. It is pure and direct, far from material desires and outdated life principles. Only she has the courage to go against the rules and admit it.

In Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm" the problems of morality are widely posed. On the example of the provincial town of Kalinov, the playwright showed the truly cruel customs reigning there. Ostrovsky portrayed the cruelty of people living the old fashioned way, according to Domostroy, and a new generation of young people who reject these foundations. The characters in the drama are divided into two groups. On one side are old people, champions of the old order, who, in essence, carry out this "Domostroy", on the other - Katerina and the younger generation of the city.

The heroes of the drama live in the city of Kalinovo. This city occupies a small, but not the last place in Russia of that time, at the same time it is the personification of serfdom and "Domostroy". Outside the walls of the city, another, alien world seems to be. No wonder Ostrovsky mentions the Volga in his remarks, "a public garden on the banks of the Volga, beyond the Volga a rural view." We see how the cruel, closed world of Kalinov differs from the outer, "uncontrollably huge." This is the world of Katerina, who was born and raised on the Volga. Behind this world lies the life that Kabanikha and her ilk are so afraid of. According to the wanderer Feklusha, the “old world” is leaving, only in this city there is “paradise and silence”, in other places it’s “just sodom”: people in the bustle do not notice each other, harness the “fiery serpent”, and in Moscow “now the amusement Yes, games, but the Indo rumble goes through the streets, there is a groan. But even in the old Kalinov, something is changing. New thoughts are carried by Kuligin. Kuligin, embodying the ideas of Lomonosov, Derzhavin and representatives of an earlier culture, suggests putting a clock on the boulevard to watch the time.

Let's get acquainted with the rest of Kalinov's representatives.

Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova - champion of the old world. Already the name itself draws us a heavy, heavy woman, and the nickname "Boar" complements this unpleasant picture. The boar lives the old fashioned way, in accordance with a strict order. But she observes only the appearance of this order, which she maintains in public: a good son, an obedient daughter-in-law. He even complains: “They don’t know anything, there is no order ... What will happen, how the old people will die, how the light will stand, I don’t know. Well, at least it’s good that I don’t see anything. ” In the house, real arbitrariness reigns. The boar is despotic, rude, with the peasants, "eats" the household and does not tolerate objections. Her son is completely subordinate to her will, she expects this from her daughter-in-law.

Next to Kabanikha, who every day “grinds all her household like rusty iron,” the merchant Dikoy, whose name is associated with wild strength, is speaking. Wild not only "grinds and saws" members of his family. He also suffers from the men whom he deceives in the calculation, and, of course, the buyers, as well as his clerk Kudryash, a recalcitrant and impudent guy, ready to teach a lesson to the “scoldener” in a dark alley with his fists.

The action of the play by N.I. Ostrovsky takes place in the Volga city of Kalinov. The name is fictitious, but this does not mean that such a city does not exist. This is a collective, averaged image. In place of the author's Kalinov could be any Russian city.

The work describes the Russian reality of the beginning and middle of the 19th century. The heavy, oppressive social atmosphere of that time. So the place doesn't matter. The city, as well as the country, is ruled by the rich, tyrants, liars, ignoramuses, embittered by boredom, profiting from the hard work of ordinary people. Ostrovsky continues the dramaturgy of Gogol, Fonvizin and Griboyedov. Since then, little has changed. Empty and cruel people are getting richer, and the common people cannot escape from bondage. All this was dubbed by the author's contemporary and literary critic Dobrolyubov as the "dark kingdom". This definition turned out to be so accurate that it still does not lose its relevance and is used in the literature.

In a broad sense, the "dark kingdom" in Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm" is a figurative description of the socio-political state of Russia at the end of the 18th and until the middle of the 19th century. A thoughtful reader who knows the history of his native state understands well what time it is, what was the Russian reality at that time. The time when wealthy merchants and powerful landlords dominate. The country is exhausted morally and physically by serfdom and, perhaps, will not recover from it for several more centuries.

The tradesman Kuligin reports that there are cruel customs in the city. And nothing but rudeness and hopeless poor can not be found here. And, as the reader understands, we are talking not only about one city. And never escape from this web. An ordinary person cannot earn more than a piece of "daily bread" with honest work. The poor, who unquestioningly obey the rich tyrants, allow them to humiliate themselves, use, taking it for granted, is also an integral part of the dark kingdom.

Both the philistines and even ordinary peasants understand that “he who has money tries to enslave the poor”, so that by his hellish labor, which is almost unpaid, to make himself even more money, to increase his fortune. After all, people like Savely Prokofievich do not even hide it. The master openly tells the mayor that he has thousands of money out of the money that was not paid to the workers, and he feels good about it. Wild fully justifies his surname. He not only enjoys the hard and gratuitous labor of men, but also mocks them. “He will first break upon us, abuse us in every possible way, as his soul pleases,” but still he will not pay anything. It will also make them guilty. Or he will throw a penny and make you rejoice and thank, because he could not give it.

An equally important element of the dark kingdom is Kabanikha and the stuffy, unpleasant atmosphere in her house. Marfa Ignatyevna is kind and generous for the show, she gives to the poor, and they pray for her. And she completely ate her “homemade”. She likes to bully her own son and his young wife Katerina. She is pleased that her daughter-in-law was afraid of her. Katerina sincerely loves her husband and even her mother-in-law, she calls her mother. She does not know how to pretend and does not strive for this, which her mother-in-law cannot understand at all. This trait in the daughter-in-law causes anger and irritation in the mistress of the house. Very accurately called Dobrolyubov Katerina a ray of light in a dark kingdom. But one beam cannot illuminate large expanses and it perishes, crushed by darkness.

Doyurolyubov writes in his critical article that "the freedom of the individual, faith in love and happiness, the shrine of honest labor, is impossible where human dignity is thrown into dust and brazenly trampled on by tyrants." He also does not remove responsibility from those who allow themselves to be trampled on. The critic believes that the dark world described by Ostrovsky is close to collapse. That the play presents "shakiness and the near end of tyranny." After all, there are already rare rays, such as Katerina, which means that the sun will soon rise over this kingdom.

Option 2

The work "Thunderstorm" by A. N. Ostrovsky was written on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in 1859. And it became the first sign of a change in the era. In "Thunderstorm" the merchant environment is illuminated, which personifies the "dark kingdom" in the work. Ostrovsky settled in the city of Kalinov a whole range of negative images. On the example of their reader, such characteristics as ignorance, ignorance and adherence to the old foundations are revealed. It can be indicated that all the townspeople are imprisoned in the shackles of the old "house-building". The brightest representatives of the "dark kingdom" are Kabanova and Dikoy, in them the reader can clearly see the ruling class of that time.

Let's take a closer look at the described images of Marfa Kabanova and Dikoy.

Dikoy and Kabanova are the wealthiest merchants in Kalinovo, they are the "supreme" power, with the help of it they believe that they can crush the serfs, but even more so their relatives, deciding that they are right.

Ostrovsky opens the reader to the world of the merchants, with all its vices, realities and true events and many vivid, demonstrative images. Showing that there is nothing human, spiritual, good. There is no faith in a new, better future, love and free labor.

Such qualities as tyranny, ignorance, rudeness, cruelty and greed are always present in these images. Do not eradicate all this, since the upbringing and environment left their mark on the personality of Wild and Kabanova. Such images are attracted to each other, and cannot be without each other, where one ignoramus appeared, there another will appear. It is very convenient to hide your stupidity and ignorance under the guise of progressive thoughts and education, such images can be found everywhere. Considering themselves "the hand of power" they oppress those around them, not worrying about taking responsibility for their deeds. Kabanov and Wild is a world of money, envy, cruelty and malice. They shy away from innovation and progressive thoughts.

Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna is very despotic and hypocritical, in her opinion, family relationships should be subject to fear. She finally seized her brownies and did not take root very firmly in the old foundations both in the house and in her head.

The image of the Wild is very ambiguous and complex. He is experiencing his inner protest, Wild realizes how callous his nature and heart are, but he cannot do anything about it. First he scolds what the world stands on, and then asks for forgiveness and repentance.

The main idea of ​​the play "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky is to expose the "dark kingdom", a mean merchant environment, with the help of the images of Dikoy and Kabanova. But they are the only symbolic images, they convey to the reader the thoughts and reasoning of the author. He pointed to the vices of rich people, denouncing them without spirituality, meanness, cruelty. At the end of the play, the idea that life is unbearable and terrible in the "dark kingdom" is very clearly conveyed. Unfortunately, the world of tyrants oppresses a progressive and new person who could overcome ignorance, falsehood and meanness. In Russia at that time, cities and villages were full of such images as the work "Thunderstorm".

The Dark Kingdom in the play by Ostrovsky Thunderstorm

The play "Thunderstorm" was published two years before the introduction of his great reform by Alexander II. The desire for change was growing in society, but so was the fear of it. In nature, a thunderstorm is terrible in appearance and the force beating in it, but beneficial in its consequences. A.N. Ostrovsky wrote in an atmosphere of changes expected by many, bringing to light the "ulcers of society."

He introduces us into the oppressive atmosphere of a merchant environment, a real "house-building". The “dark kingdom” shown by him is in the pre-storm stage, when everything calms down. It seems that even the air for breathing is not enough. This atmosphere is so depressing. The near end of their power over the minds of those around Kabanikh and Dikaya is not yet felt. As long as they are sovereign rulers. The imperious Marfa Kabanova plagues everyone with her meticulousness, reproaches and suspicion. Her ideal is the old ways and customs. Wild - a tyrant, a drunkard and an ignorant person. He is much more primitive than Kabanova, but the power of money and old customs brought him into the circle of the "fathers" of the city. They subjugated almost everyone. The son of Kabanikha Tikhon does not contradict his mother in anything. Resigned to the "spiritual" slavery and nephew Wild Boris. Only sister Tikhon lives as she sees fit. But for this, Varvara imitates submission, deceives and tricks everyone. And so almost everything. Someone is afraid of the power of money, someone is pressure and arrogance, someone is feigned splendor, and someone is afraid just out of habit.

But not everyone reconciled. The despotism of Dikoy and Kabanikh is opposed by Katerina and Kuligin. Katerina is a pure and bright soul. Unable to withstand the unequal struggle, she commits the most terrible sin in the Christian faith - suicide. But this protest against the oppressive atmosphere of life in the city, if not dispelling the clouds completely, then made it possible to break through them a small ray of light and hope. A murmur rises and sprouts of resistance to the “dark kingdom” may sprout. And there is a leader of the resistance. Kuligin is still acting by conviction, trying to show everyone the horror of what is happening. Let's be honest, he doesn't do very well. But he did not break down and continues to fight for the minds, trying to change the mood in society.

I really like the play "Thunderstorm" by the meticulous enumeration of the vices of the author's contemporary society. He deliberately exaggerates and does not allow comic situations, which he is a master at describing. I think that he also does not indicate the ways of solving the problem on purpose. As an experienced person, an "engineer of human souls", as writers will be called in our country in the next century, he knows that logical constructions do not work in real life. The main thing is to show the problem in all its "glory" and convey to people that the absence of its solution will lead to the gradual degradation of society. I believe that this goal A.N. Ostrovsky achieved by writing the play "Thunderstorm".

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