What does it mean to live for Mtsyri (The meaning of life Mtsyri) composition. What does "live" mean for Mtsyri? (based on the poem of the same name by M.Yu

Mtsyri was taken out of his native mountain settlement by a Russian officer. The boy fell ill on the road, and the officer left him in the monastery. The boy was cured and raised there. He lived with monks. They thought that he would also become a monk. But Mtsyri grew up and realized that he could not live in a monastery. For him, life there was too calm and boring. He tried to run away but returned. He tells the monk before his death that he wanted to return to his home. For him, to live is to be free from the monastery. He wants to live with his family, fight enemies, meet a girl, live in the mountains, breathe mountain air. He was born a warrior, he wants to lead the life of a warrior and fight against enemies. The monastery could not give him all this. He tells the elder that he came to the monastery as an adult, who already fully knew worldly life. Mtsyri almost does not remember worldly life. He doesn't know what fights are, first love, first enemy, first fight. He wants to know it all. Without it, there is no life for him.

M. Yu. Lermontov confessed in his works, talking about the exiles, he indirectly wrote about himself.

The epigraph to the poem "Mtsyri" ("Eating, tasting little honey, and behold I die"), in my opinion, means that the main character in his entire life lived very little for real, that is, as he imagined life .

I believe that Mtsyri by the word "life" understood, first of all, freedom, anxiety, space, struggle, constant stay on the verge between life and death, the right and wrong path, between lightning and a ray of sunshine, between dream and reality, youth and eternity. But he experienced so little of all this.

("I lived a little and lived in captivity. Such two lives for one, but only full of worries, I would exchange if I could ..."), that the grave "does not frighten" him either.

Mtsyri's memories of a serene childhood, family, games, stories about ancient times are very touching. It is clear that the homeland is dear to the hero in its own way. But, thinking about it, you understand that, sooner or later, he would still give up his "peaceful home" for the sake of knowing the answers to his questions ("... to find out if the earth is beautiful, to find out, for will or prison, we will be born into this world We...")

Having finally found his three-day freedom, Mtsyri enjoys nature, a thunderstorm, with which he wages a long-awaited playful fight, enjoys the animals that he sees and is not afraid of ("... sometimes in the gorge the jackal screamed and cried like a child, and, with smooth scales shining, the snake glided between the stones, but fear did not squeeze my soul: I myself, like a beast, was a stranger to people and crawled and hid like a snake.")

Mtsyri enjoys the moments spent watching the young Georgian woman, a dream in which he saw her again ("... and my chest ached again with a strange, sweet longing ...")

It is not entirely clear to me the behavior of the hero in a battle with a leopard. The first thing I noted in him was cruelty, a thirst for blood, struggle, a thirst for victory. But the beast was not initially set up for battle (“He gnawed a raw bone and squealed merrily; then his bloody gaze fixed, shaking his tail affectionately, for a full month ...”, “He sensed the enemy and a drawn-out howl, plaintive like a groan, suddenly rang out. .."). Moreover, Mtsyri killed the leopard for the sake of self-affirmation, the confidence that "he could be in the land of his fathers not from the last daring ones."

Returning to the familiar village, Mtsyri feels impotence, the bitterness of the shame of the pity of the monks ("... and your pity is a shame ...") Feeling this bitterness in his heart more and more, Mtsyri dies, he is "tormented by death delirium", and, forgetting, he feels freedom, peace, love and self-care, feels what he so lacked in life. Dying, the hero of the story once again emphasizes that now, more than ever, the attention of his relatives, freedom, comfort of his native, "peaceful home" are dear to him. But Mtsyri does not blame anyone for her death. He simply falls asleep ("And with this thought I will fall asleep, and I will not curse anyone! ..").

During the classes

The word of the teacher (part 1, slide number 1)

M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" is read. Passionate, written as if in one breath. She certainly liked you. In the center of the poem is the image of a young man placed by life in unusual conditions. In his confession before his death, he will say to the monk: “Do you want to know what I did in the wild? Lived!

The main task of our lesson- answer the questions:

What does it mean for Mtsyri to live?

What is the meaning of life for Mtsyri?

(these problematic questions are written on the board. The teacher offers students write in the notebook the date, the topic of the lesson problem questions).

Lesson objectives: (slide number 2)

In the lesson, we will try

Answer the questions written on the board;

To get acquainted with the history of the created poem;

Strengthen the skills of reasoning on a literary topic;

Repeat basic artistic techniques;

To reveal the content of the new literary concept "monologue-confession".

Let's start our lesson with homework check, which was mainly given individually and will sound throughout the lesson.

So, 1st task. Historical reference. The history of the creation of the poem "Mtsyri". ( Presentation, slides #3-12).

I remind you the plot of the poem. It is simple: the story of Mtsyri's short life, the story of a failed attempt to escape from the monastery, the hero's inevitable death.

Composition of the poem very peculiar: after a short introduction, depicting the view of an abandoned monastery, the whole life of Mtsyra is told in a short second chapter, and all the other chapters (there are 24 of them) represent the hero’s monologue about three days spent in freedom.

The next homework will help us understand how Mtsyri lived in the monastery, why he was so eager to leave its walls.

(Implementation of homework "The life of Mtsyri in the monastery."

Guys, who in the poem is incomprehensible and alien to Mtsyri?

Of course, the monks.

The beginning of the poem testifies that the monks did not understand the experiences and aspirations of Mtsyri. It is written from an author who talks about the life of a boy, what it is appeared to the monks.

Prove it with text. For work, I offer you chapters 2,3,20,26 (slide No. 13,14).

So what about think monks and what thinks Mtsyri?

(Students work with the text, choosing material to fill out the table. The table is on the screen, only the headings are open. Children fill in the table in a notebook and then checked on the screen).

Conclusion: if the monastery for Mtsyra is captivity, a dungeon, then the monks cannot seem like saviors to him. However, they cured him, clothed him, fed him, took care of him. Why didn't they become saviors after all?

(Answers, student reflections)

Teacher summary:

But in return, they demanded from him to “say a monastic vow”, to become a monk, which means to give up his hopes, dreams, because. monastic life is a departure from people, from the world, a complete rejection of the desires of one's own personality. This is service to God, expressed in uniformly alternating fasts and prayers. The main condition of life in a monastery is obedience. Mtsyri does not want to accept this. He dreams of returning to his homeland.

- What appears in the imagination of Mtsyri, in his "living dreams" motherland? What feelings does she evoke in him? Let's turn to the text. Which chapter?

- Expressive reading of chapter 7 (slide number 15)

And now watch the video, which will help you to imagine Georgia even better, where the hero of the poem was so eager to go.

(Video clip "Caucasus")

Remember Lermontov: “Georgia! She bloomed ... in the shade of her gardens.

Such a distant and desirable homeland appears in the imagination of Mtsyri. Motherland is a "wonderful land of worries and battles", where people are free, like birds. It does not talk about the cruelty of laws, bloody amusements, violence against captive mountaineers. Lermontov, like his hero, see the Caucasus only from the positive side, where everything is close and dear. And what happens in the life of Mtsyri?

(He escapes from the monastic captivity, makes an escape).

- What is the purpose of Mtsyri's escape?

Confirm with text.

a) A long time ago I thought / Look at the distant fields,

To find out if the earth is beautiful, / To find out, for freedom or prison

We will be born into this world.

b) My flaming chest / Press with longing to the chest of another

Though not familiar, but dear

c) I lived a little, and lived in captivity / Such two lives in one,

But only full of anxiety, I would trade if I could

d) I have one goal - / Go to my native country - / I had in my soul ...

(remember the distinctive features of romanticism in notebooks. One feature:

- Lermontov's poem is romantic. Her hero is not like the people around him, he denies their life values, strives for something else. Prove this thought in the lines of Mtsyri's confession. (chapter 3, page 328)

I knew only one thought power ...

… In that wonderful world of worries and battles.

Conclusion: The main passion of the hero is the desire to live fully, in a world of struggle and freedom, outside the walls of the monastery, in a distant beloved homeland.

-What did Mtsyri see and learn when he broke free? We will talk about this after your work in pairs. You have sheets with tasks of different difficulty levels on the tables. You choose the option yourself (there are 6 of them). You have 5 minutes to complete the task. Who will read, who will answer the question.

We listen to the answers. Part 2 slides.

Escape from the monastery (layd No. 1).

Meeting with a Georgian woman (slide number 2).

Fight with a leopard (slide number 3).

The role of the landscape in the poem (slide number 4).

Analysis of artistic means (slide No. 5).

I want to draw your attention to new for you word, which sounded several times in the lesson. Who was attentive? What is this word? Hint: this is a form of reporting events ( confession).

-Write down the definition of the term (slide number 6).

(It helps the poet psychologically believable, while gradually revealing the inner world of Mtsyri, because it allows you to experience everything that happened with him: the monastic bondage, and the joy of freedom, and the rapture from the battle with the leopard, and despair because did not go to his native country).

Work with the article by V. G. Belinsky "Lermontov's Poem".

What conclusion can we do by listening to the guys?

(Man is born for the will, not for the prison).

- What word unites Mtsyri all his experiences? All this is life!

"What did I do in the wild?" "lived"

What does it mean for a hero to live for a hero?

(to be in constant search, anxiety, to fight and win, and most importantly, to experience the bliss of the "liberties of the saint."

- Have we answered the question posed at the beginning of the lesson?

And now I propose to turn to the epigraph of the poem. Reread (slide number 7). Epigraph taken from the biblical legend of the Israeli king Saul and his son Jonathan, a young man "unfit and rebellious," as his father called him in the heat of anger. Once Saul swore an oath: whoever of his warriors tastes bread until the evening, until he takes revenge on his enemies, he will be cursed and die. Jonathan broke the ban. Arbitrarily attacking the enemies and defeating them, he, mortally tired, dipped his stick in honeycombs in the forest. Saul, learning about this, decided to kill his son.

What do the words of the epigraph mean? How do you understand it?

Turning to the biblical theme, the author focuses on the violation of prohibitions. According to the Bible, those who break the ban will die. Here the poet is interested in something else: I am dying, but I do not dare to break the ban. This epigraph embodies the fate of Mtsyri and sets the philosophical level of confession: by honey, the poet means the sweetness of freedom. (having tasted the sweetness of freedom, a person will no longer be able to live differently)

- How is the epigraph related to the theme and idea of ​​the work?

Theme "Mtsyri"- an image of a strong, courageous, rebellious man, taken prisoner, who grew up in the gloomy walls of a monastery, suffering from oppressive living conditions and deciding, at the cost of risk to his own life, to break free at the very moment when it was most dangerous.

Idea- 3 days of real life in the wild is better than long-term imprisonment in the walls of a monastery, where a person does not live fully, but exists. For a hero, death is better than life in a monastery. (What did the author want to say?)

Why do you think the poem has an open ending?

Each reader has his own answer to the question posed, each has his own opinion. We must live with dignity so that we can answer without shame:

"Do you want to know what I did

At will? Lived…”

Test. Control of knowledge on the topic.

Estimates.

Homework (slide number 8).

Write an essay on the topic: “Who did Mtsyri become for me?”

Prepare for the test.

You lived, old man!

You have something in the world to forget

You lived - I could also live!

With these fiery words, Mtsyri addresses the monk listening to him at the beginning of his confession. In his speech there is both a bitter reproach to the one who, albeit unconsciously, deprived him of the best part of life, and a heavy awareness of his own loss. These words are spoken on the deathbed, and the hero will never again have to taste real life. But what does it mean to live for Mtsyri?

To answer this question, let's first look at the composition of the poem "Mtsyri". The poem is divided by the author into two unequal parts. One, occupying the entire page in terms of volume, tells about the life of Mtsyri in the monastery, while the rest of the lines of the poem are completely devoted to Mtsyri's escape from the monastery. With this compositional device, Lermontov emphasizes an important idea: Mtsyri's life in the monastery was not life at all, it was a simple physical existence. There is nothing to write about this time, because it is monotonous and boring. Mtsyri himself understands that he does not live, but simply slowly goes to death.
In the monastery, everyone has “weaned from desires”, not only human feelings do not penetrate here, but even a simple ray of the sun. “I will die a slave and an orphan” - this is what fate awaits Mtsyri in the monastery, and realizing this, he decides to run away.

The real life of Mtsyri stopped at the moment when he, still a very young boy, was taken away from his native village, and then continued again - for three days of escape. Three days of freedom, to which an entire poem is dedicated! To live free, in accordance with your dreams and desires (and Mtsyri strives to get home, to his homeland), to breathe free air - this is what it means to live for the hero Mtsyri and for his author.

Real life is always fraught with risk and requires constant struggle for it - this motif begins to sound in the poem from the moment Mtsyra leaves the monastery walls. Mtsyri escapes into a stormy night, when all the monks, frightened by a thunderstorm, “lie down at the altar” and forget about their pupil. The hero is not afraid of a thunderstorm, on the contrary, it delights him with its unbridled power, awakens in him a long-forgotten sense of life. Here is how he himself says about it:

- I ran. Oh I'm like a brother

I would be happy to embrace the storm!

With the eyes of the clouds I followed

I caught lightning with my hand ...

And in these lines there is an undisguised admiration for the beauty and power of nature that opened before him.

The risk awakens in Mtsyri the realization of his youth and strength, which vegetated uselessly in the monastery. Going down to the menacingly seething stream, clinging to branches and stones, is just a pleasant exercise for a young man. A real feat, a battle with a leopard, awaits him ahead. For Lermontov, this particular episode of the poem was very important. The poet drew inspiration for him from the old Georgian songs about the duel of a young man with a tiger. Later, critics accused the poet of violating authenticity: snow leopards are not found in the Caucasus, and Mtsyri simply could not meet the beast.
But Lermontov goes to the violation of natural authenticity for the sake of preserving artistic truth. In the clash of two completely free, beautiful minds of nature, the reader opens up the face of true life in the Caucasus, life free, cheerful and not subject to any laws. Let's pay attention to how the beast is described in the poem:

"... raw bone
He gnawed and squealed merrily;
That bloody gaze directed,
Wagging your tail gently
For a full month - and on it
The wool shimmered with silver.

“Cheerfully”, “affectionately” - not the slightest fear or discontent does not sound in the words of Mtsyri, he admires his opponent and recognizes him as his equal. He rejoices in the upcoming battle, in which he can show his courage, prove that in his homeland he would be "not one of the last daring ones." Freedom and mutual respect not only for man, but also for nature - this is exactly what real life should be like. And how different it is from monastic life, where a person is called "God's servant!"

It is not surprising after all this that Mtsyri, once again returned to the monastery, cannot live. Now he clearly understands the difference between life here and life in the wild, and his death is a kind of protest.

The grave does not scare me:
There, they say, suffering sleeps
In cold eternal silence;
But I'm sorry to part with my life.
I'm young, young...

How much despair and insane thirst for life, young, still unspent life in these words! But not every life is valuable, some life is worse than death, - Lermontov tells us about this.

Mtsyri dies, fixing his eyes on the Caucasus Mountains, on his distant homeland. There, in the village, where his sisters sang and his father sharpened weapons, where in the evenings old people gathered at their homes, there remained his unlived life, his real destiny. After death, he will be released from captivity, and his soul will fly to where it longed. Perhaps it was then that his real life would begin - such a hope, clearly sounding in the last lines of the poem, Lermontov leaves to the reader.

What does it mean to live for Mtsyra - a description of the feelings of the hero Lermontov |

What does it mean to "live" for Mtsyri. One of the characteristic and important features of the works of romantic literature is the tendency towards fragmentation. The author of a romantic work chooses one, the brightest, episode from the hero's life. But this episode is presented and portrayed by the author in such a way that it reveals the whole life of the hero. In the romantic poem "Mtsyri" M. Yu. Lermontov spoke about the unusual and tragic fate of a highlander boy. The center of this story is one of the brightest events of his life.

The composition of the poem is built from several parts of different volume. Each of them has a different narrator. A short introduction on behalf of the author introduces the reader to the old monastery and how a little boy once ended up here, how he grew up and was ready to take a “monastic vow”. But the main content of the poem is revealed in the second, which is devoted to the description of the young man's escape and his short life in the forest. The narrator is the hero himself, the narration is conducted on his behalf and includes the confession of Mtsyri.

Both parts cover different periods of time. The introduction tells about the long years spent by the boy in the monastery, and the confession speaks of only three days in the life of the hero. But these three days are of greater value to Mtsyra than previous years, and therefore their description occupies a central place in the poem. Why is it so? Because for Mtsyri, life is divided into two periods: the time of simple physical existence and the time of real life. The real life of Mtsyri stopped from the very moment he became a prisoner and was abandoned in a strange village. He cannot live in a foreign land, his spirit has weakened, and it is easier for a boy to die than to eke out an existence away from his relatives. Miraculously left to live, the hero continues only physical existence, it seems that he lives only externally, and his soul has died. Captivity and foreign land, as it were, killed a person in him. Mtsyri does not have fun with the guys, does not talk to anyone, spends time alone. He does not live a full life, but slowly dies.

But the situation is reversed when the hero escapes from the monastery and becomes free. Telling the old monk about his life in the wild, he utters these words: “Do you want to know what I did in the wild? Lived ... ". It turns out that the hero really lived with all his heart and soul for only three days. But these three days mean much more to him, because this is the time when he feels free. He left the painful captivity, his chest greedily absorbs the free air, he considers nature and its inhabitants to be his home. Only here, among wild forests and noisy mountain streams, the soul of a young man is revealed. Forces, impulses, dreams laid down from childhood wake up in it. It turns out that the memories of his father's house have not been erased from Mtsyri's memory, and from the age of six he keeps and cherishes them in his heart. They have not faded at all, but are still alive. The image of cute rocks and mountain peaks attracts the hero to his homeland, to the place where he can truly live.

Life for Mtsyra is not a simple vegetation, but continuous movement, wind in the face and danger, it is a constant change of feelings and struggle. That is why a storm and a thunderstorm, a steep cliff and a wild beast do not frighten him, but, on the contrary, awaken in him a thirst for life, a desire for victory, for achieving a dream.

For Mtsyri, “life” is, first of all, spiritual life in harmony with nature, it is a feeling of deep inner unity with the world. And perhaps this is at home, without trying to see which he could not exist. For one moment of meeting with the fatherland, the hero is ready to give all the years allotted to him. After a failed escape, the hero says to the black man: “Alas! - in a few minutes between the steep and dark rocks, where I played as a child, I would have exchanged heaven and eternity.

To live for a romantic hero means to perceive the world around you very subtly and poetically, to feel your unity with it. It is always to strive for freedom and not tolerate any captivity and oppression. This is a constant struggle for the right to defend the value and significance of your spiritually rich inner world. This is unconditional love for one's country.