Borodino Field: an open-air museum. “Monument on the Borodino Field” message briefly Project on the theme of the monument to the Borodino Field
Monument to the Heroes of the Battle of Borodino
- the main monument. The monument is 91 feet (27.5 meters) high, cast of cast iron, its middle part has the shape of a truncated octagonal pyramid, ending at the top with a scaly head with a cross crowning its top.
The monument was laid on the site of Raevsky's battery in August 1837, on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, Tsarevich, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich, future Emperor Alexander II. Architect: Antoni Adamini. This was the first monument erected on the Borodino field. Its grand opening took place two years later - in 1839- in the presence of Emperor Nicholas I, members of the royal family, retinue, numerous representatives of the Russian aristocracy, guests from abroad and a large group of participants in the Battle of Borodino. For three days, maneuvers of a 150,000-strong army under the command of Nicholas I continued, reproducing episodes of the “battle of the giants.”
The octagonal monument is surrounded by memorial inscriptions around its perimeter.
Western edge:
"In Him is salvation
battle of Borodino
August 26, 1812"
Northwestern edge:
"Kutuzov
Barclay de Tolly
Bagration
The Russians were in the ranks:
Infantry 85,500 people.
Cavalry 18,200 people.
Cossacks 7,000 people.
Militia 10,000 people.
640 guns"
Northern edge:
“Commanders died for the Fatherland:
Bagration
Tuchkov 1st
Tuchkov 4th
Count Kutaisov
Glory to everyone else!”
Northeast edge:
“Europe mourned the fall of its brave sons on the fields of Borodino.
Enemy killed wounded
Generals 9 30
Warriors up to 20,000 40,000"
Eastern edge:
“France, Italy, Naples, Austria, Bavaria, Wirtemberg, Saxony, Westphalia, Prussia, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Switzerland, German Confederation.
All 20 languages were put into operation:
infantry 145,000 people.
cavalry 40,000 people.
1,000 guns"
South-eastern edge:
“Unlimited lust for power amazed Europe: it was shocked here: it rested in the middle of the deserts of the Ocean.
Moscow was occupied by the enemy on September 2, 1812. Alexander 1st entered Paris on March 19, 1814"
Southern edge:
“We retreated with honor in order to win more surely.
554,000 people invaded Russia
79,000 returned"
Southwestern edge:
"1838
Grateful Fatherland to those who laid their bellies on the field of honor
Russians: killed, wounded
Generals 3 12
Warriors up to 15,000 30,000"
In 1932 By order of the Soviet government, the monument was destroyed as being of no value. He shared the fate of the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior and many other monuments of Russian history and culture. In 1987, more than half a century later, the monument was recreated in the same forms and materials - in cast iron and bronze with gilding - according to the surviving drawings.
Next to the monument is located.
Directions to the monument: in the village Borodino turn left to the museum. The monument is located opposite the museum. Coordinates: 55.519242, 35.827113
Coordinates: 55°30′30″ N. w. 35°49′16″ E. d. / 55.50833° n. w. 35.82111° E. d. / 55.50833; 35.82111 (G) (O) This term has other meanings, see Borodino Field (village).
Borodino field- a historical field located to the west of Mozhaisk, on the territory of the rural settlement of Borodinskoye, Mozhaisk district, Moscow region, near the village of Borodino. Here on August 26 (September 7), 1812, a battle took place between the Russian and French armies, and in 1941-1942 the forward line of the Mozhaisk defense line of Moscow passed.
On the field there are numerous (more than 50) monuments to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 and Soviet soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, mass graves. in the center of the field is the main building of the Military History Museum (1912).
- 1 History of the creation of the memorial
- 2 Interesting facts
- 3 Gallery
- 4 Links
- 5 Literature
History of the creation of the memorial
The first memorial complex of the Borodino Field was the burials of those who fell in the battle of 1812; in January-April 1813, all the corpses of the fallen were collected, burned and buried. Among the seven known burial sites, the most saturated is the Utitsko-Semyonovsky quadrant. A few years later, in 1820, the second memorial, according to the time of creation, appeared: M. M. Tuchkova, the widow of A. A. Tuchkov, at the site of the supposed death of her husband, erected a temple in the name of the Savior, the Image Not Made by Hands. In 1839, a monument was unveiled at the Raevsky battery in memory of the defenders of the Fatherland, built according to the design of Antonio Adamini. The ashes of General P.I. Bagration, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Borodino, were reburied next to him. In 1932, the monument was demolished by the Bolsheviks and rebuilt again in 1987. Also, in order to conduct maneuvers for the troops that took part in the Battle of Borodino, part of the fortifications was restored and the trenches were cleared. In the same year the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery was consecrated. anniversary, 1912, 32 new monuments appeared on the field, the creation of which involved academicians A. Benois, N. Prokofiev, and sculptor M. Strakhovskaya. The composition of the monuments, approved by the Jubilee Commission at a meeting on December 21, 1911, with a few exceptions, has been preserved to this day. It includes:
Two monuments of the Borodino field
- Four divisional monuments at the Semyonovsky flushes: 3rd Infantry, 2nd Grenadier, 27th Infantry and 2nd Cuirassier divisions;
- Three monuments at the Semenovsky ravine: the Life Guards artillery brigade, the Life Guards Finnish, Lithuanian and Izmailovsky regiments and the regiments of the 4th Cavalry Corps;
- Three monuments between the Raevsky battery and the village of Semenovskoye: to the 11th Infantry, 24th Infantry Divisions and Horse Artillery;
- Four monuments at the Shevardinsky redoubt: the Life Guards of the 3rd Artillery Brigade, the 148th Caspian Infantry, the 9th Kyiv and 12th Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiments;
- Four monuments on and near the Utitsky Kurgan: the Life Guards Pavlovsky Regiment, the 1st Grenadier and 17th Infantry Divisions, the 1st Grenadier Artillery Brigade;
- Two monuments at the bridge over the Koloch River: to the Life Guards Jaeger and 4th Nesvizh Grenadier Regiments;
- Monument to the Life Guards Cossack Regiment near the village of Bezzubovo;
- Monument to sappers on the Semyonovsky flushes.
A monument to M.I. Kutuzov was erected near the village of Gorki, and a monument dedicated to the enemy was erected near the Shevardinsky redoubt. Also in 1912, highways were built: from the railway station through Semyonovskoye to the village of Borodino and from Semyonovskoye to the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery. Especially for the watchman and “field commandant” A. Ya. Smirnov, according to the design of V. V. Voeikov, a stone building was built, which later housed the Historical Museum of the Borodino Field.
In 1953, the monuments to the War of 1812 were joined by 10 monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In 1962, five tombstones were built on the mass graves of Soviet soldiers and a monument was erected over Bagration’s tomb. In the 1960s, three reburials of the heroes of the Battle of Borodino were carried out. In 1971, a tank monument was erected at the foot of the Raevsky battery.
Since 2005, the Orthodox international youth festival “Brothers” has been periodically held on the field.
- On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, a meteorite fell into the location of a Russian artillery battery near the village of Gorki, which was later named after the battle: Borodino
Gallery
Links
- Interactive map of Borodino Field monuments
- Borodino Field is a holy place for every Russian person (+ audio and video)
Literature
- Borodino - a field of Russian glory // Moscow region: Tourist routes / Compiled by E. V. Godlevskaya; Binding and title by artist I. D. Stalidzan; Drawings by artist A.V. Vinokurov. - M.: Profizdat, 1953. - P. 44-54. - 368 p. - 10,000 copies. (in translation)
- Borodino: State Borodino Military Historical Museum-Reserve: Photo Guide / Comp. and text by Elena Vinokurova; Special photography by Vyacheslav Tsoffka. - M.: Planet, 1991. - 192 p. - 12,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85250-395-9. (in translation)
Borodino field, Mozhaisk n Borodino field
Monuments of Borodin
In 1835, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the installation of 16 cast-iron monuments at the sites of the most important battles of the Patriotic War of 1812. The monuments were divided into three classes. The 1st class monument was to be erected on the Borodino field. The installation location was beyond doubt: Kurgan Heights, which was defended by General Raevsky with unparalleled courage.
M. I. Platov, Novocherkassk
Monuments of the second class were planned to be installed in Tarutino, Maloyaroslavets, Krasny, Studenka, Klyastitsy, Smolensk, Polotsk, Chashniki, Kulakovo and Kovno, monuments of the third class - in Saltykovka, Vitebsk, Kobrin, Vyazma. The installation location of the 16th monument is not included in the documents.
Of the planned 16 monuments, only seven were installed.
General I. S. Dorokhov
The main monument, a “monument of the 1st class,” was founded in August 1837, on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, by the future Emperor Alexander II. The grand opening of the monument took place two years later, on August 26, 1839, on the 25th anniversary of the entry of the Russian army into Paris. The cast-iron octagonal pillar-shaped chapel, 27.7 meters high, was crowned with a gilded dome and an Orthodox cross. The western edge (facing the enemy) was decorated with the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands, the patron saint of the Russian army. The texts on the monument were a brief chronicle of the entire Battle of Borodino.
On the edges of the right side:
On the 1st: “Grateful fatherland to those who laid their bellies on the field of honor. Russian Generals Killed 3, Wounded 12, Russian Warriors killed 15,000 wounded 30,000.
On the 2nd: “We retreated with honor in order to win more accurately. 554,000 people invaded Russia, 79,000 people returned.”
On the 3rd: “Unlimited lust for power amazed Europe and calmed down in the middle of the deserts of the ocean. Moscow was occupied by the enemy on September 2, 1812. Alexander I entered Paris on March 19, 1814."
Monument on the Raevsky battery
On the opposite side of the image: “France, Italy, Naples, Austria, Bavaria, Wirtemberg, Saxony, Westphalia, Prussia, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Switzerland and the German Confederation of all languages. They brought into service: infantry - 145,000 people, cavalry - 40,000 people, guns - 1,000."
On the edges of the left side of the monument:
On the 1st: “Kutuzov, Barclay de Tolly, Bagration. The Russians were in the ranks: infantry - 85,000 people, cavalry - 18,000 people, Cossacks - 7,000 people, militia - 10,000 people, 640 guns."
On the 2nd: “Commanders died for the Fatherland: Bagration, Tuchkov 1st, Tuchkov 4th, Count Kutaisov. Glory to everyone else!”
On the 3rd: “Europe mourned the fall of its brave sons on the fields of Borodino. 9 enemy generals were killed, 30 were wounded. Up to 20,000 soldiers were killed, 40,000 were wounded.”
Monument at the command post of M. I. Kutuzov
The famous hero of the Battle of Borodino, General Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Borodino and died in the village of Sima, Vladimir province, was reburied next to the monument. The reburial was carried out at the request of another hero of 1812, Denis Davydov, a poet and warrior who served as Bagration’s adjutant for about six years.
The opening of the monument was extremely solemn. Nicholas I was present, 150 thousand troops paraded, and a salute of 792 shots was fired. Nicholas I himself controlled and approved the plan for the installation of monuments to the heroes of the war of 1812 throughout the Russian Empire. 100 years after the battle, in 1912, each regiment collected money by subscription and erected a monument to its fellow soldiers, the military units that took part in the battle. There are now 34 monuments of Memory and Glory on the Borodino Field. And each is crowned by eagles.
Monument to M.B. Barclay de Tolly
The command posts of M.I. Kutuzov and Napoleon were marked with special monuments. At the grave of General D.P. Neverovsky, a tombstone was erected with the image of the cross of the Order of St. George the Victorious - the highest military award of that time.
From the book Description of the Patriotic War in 1812 author Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky Alexander IvanovichFrom Tsarev's Loan to Borodin Retreat from Tsar's Loan to Borodin. - Borodino area. – Disposition. - Napoleon is preparing for battle. – Movement of enemies from Gzhatsk. – Case of August 24th. – Numerical strength and moral state of the warring armies. Behind the Prince
From the book Cossacks in 1812 author Shishov Alexey VasilievichFrom Borodino to Moscow, Napoleon surveys the battlefield. - The enemy is moving forward. – Russian camp near Mozhaisk. – Retreat from Mozhaisk. - Reasons for retreat. - The army is approaching Moscow. – Letters from Prince Kutuzov to Count Rostopchin. – Napoleon
From the book Treasure Hunters by Witter BrettChapter two. From Borodino to Tarutino. Rearguard battles. The rage of Marshal Murat. Battle on the Chernishna River. Army partisan detachments. Don Cossack militia. Before Borodin Day - the day of August 26 - the Russian army in its main forces entered the field of the general
From the book Suvorov and Kutuzov [collection] author Rakovsky Leonty IosifovichChapter 8 Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Shrivenham, England Spring 1944 George Stout, the naval pedantic conservative of the Fogg Museum, breathed the warm air of the English spring. It was March 6, 1944, a month had already passed since the destruction of Montecassino, and before the planned
From the book Equipment and Weapons 2015 11 authorChapter Five “About Borodin’s Day” No wonder all of Russia remembers About Borodin’s Day! Lermontov “Borodino” I All the regiments of the twenty-seventh infantry division of General Neverovsky were jealous of the Vilnius residents: they were lucky enough to be located near the very village vegetable gardens. When yesterday on
From the book 1812. Commanders of the Patriotic War author Boyarintsev Vladimir IvanovichMuseum of the North-Western Front and monuments in Staraya Russa and Parfino Staraya Russa... The name of this small town in the Novgorod region speaks for itself. Over its thousand-year history, Staraya Russa has seen a lot. But the Great Patriotic War left a special mark on the fate of the city.
From the author's bookChapter 2. “Borodin's Day” M. Yu. Lermontov and “Borodino” In 1837, it was 25 years since the Patriotic War of 1812. In this regard, Lermontov turns to one of the most dramatic and important moments of this war - the Battle of Borodino, which back in 1831
From the author's bookHeroes of Borodin P.I. Bagration Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. Brought up in Suvorov's offensive spirit, Bagration had a morally difficult time during the retreat during the War of 1812. On August 26, the 1st and 2nd armies under the leadership of Kutuzov entered into battle with the French under
I would like to start today’s walk from the Utitsky Kurgan, which is located on the other side of the railway, relative to all the other monuments.
Monument to the 17th Infantry Division of General Z.D. Olsufiev. It is a white stone column, darkened over time, on a tetrahedral pyramidal base, with white marble memorial slabs. The column is crowned with an Orthodox six-pointed cross. The monument was severely damaged during the October battles of 1941. 
In the center of the Utitsky mound is mass grave of Red Army soldiers who died in the October battles of 1941. It contains the remains of soldiers of the 32nd Red Banner Rifle Division, which was the main formation of the 5th Army, which defended the approaches to Moscow on the Mozhaisk defense line. 
Monument to the 1st Grenadier Division of General P.A. Stroganov.
Monument to the Pavlovsk Grenadier Regiment on the Utitsky Kurgan was first erected by the descendants of Borodin's heroes - in 1911. On the back side of the monument the losses of the Pavlovsk regiment are listed: 21 lower ranks - killed, 225 people wounded and 60 missing. 
On the front side of the monument there is a relief depicting the headdress of the Pavlovtsians - a grenadier. In 1812, only the rank and file of this regiment had tall, pointed caps of this shape. 
In the battle for the Utitsky Kurgan, the commander of the 3rd Infantry Corps, Lieutenant General N.A., was mortally wounded. Tuchkov 1st, in whose honor the village located in the Mozhaisk direction is named. 
From here we return to the main excursion route, heading to the village of Borodino and to the monuments that I did not get to on my last walk.
Monument to the Life Guards Artillery Brigade. On the edges of the base there are memorial plaques with lists of St. George's cavaliers from the brigade who distinguished themselves in the campaign of 1812-1814. The monument is decorated with cannonballs. 
Monument to the 4th Cavalry Corps of General K.K. Sievers. On the front side of the monument there is a dedication to the regiments that were part of this corps inscribed in gold. On the back side there is a list of dead and wounded soldiers on the day of the general battle on August 26, 1812. 
Monument to the 2nd Grenadier Division of General K. Mecklenburg and the Combined Grenadier Division of General M.S. Vorontsova. On the front edge of the obelisk, an Orthodox cross, memorable dates “1812-1912” and a line from Lermontov’s famous poem shine in gold: “...And we kept the oath of allegiance in the Battle of Borodino...” On the edges of the base are lists of losses of all regiments of divisions per day. battle, August 26, 1812. During the 6-hour battle for Bagration's flushes, both heads of the grenadier divisions - Vorontsov and Mecklenburgsky - were wounded, and Vorontsov was one of the first Russian generals to be out of action that day. 
Monument to the Murom Infantry Regiment. On the front side of the monument, in the upper part, there is a relief image of the cross of the Order of St. George the Victorious - the highest military award of the Russian Empire. In 1812, the commander of the Murom infantry regiment was Major General Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov 4th, who died heroically during a counterattack on Bagration's flushes. The monument stands on the very spot from where Tuchkov led the Revel and Murom residents into battle. 
Monument to the 27th Infantry Division of General D.P. Neverovsky. During one of the counterattacks, Neverovsky was shell-shocked in the chest and left arm by a cannonball, but remained in the ranks, continuing, together with the remnants of Vorontsov’s division, to defend the fortifications until the arrival of fresh forces - the 3rd Infantry Division of General Konovnitsyn.
On the edges of the monument, information about the losses of each regiment in the battles of August 24 and 26, 1812 is inscribed in gold. They speak for themselves. In the Simbirsk regiment, 18 officers and 696 lower ranks died, in the Odessa regiment - 21 officers and 491 lower ranks, in the Tarnopolsky - 30 officers and 750 lower ranks, in the Vilensky - 18 officers and 750 lower ranks. Before the battle, the division numbered 4,709 people. At Borodino, the division lost more than 3,300 people killed, wounded and missing. 
Monument to Pioneer (Engineer) Troops. The pioneer troops were the first to move to the positions chosen for battle, mastering them and preparing them for the upcoming hostilities. In the field, they built earthen fortifications, bridges, built crossings, and repaired roads. It is no coincidence that the emblem of these troops was two crossed axes with a “grenada about one fire” in the middle cross. 
Grave of General D.P. Neverovsky.
Monument to the 4th Infantry Division of General E. Württemberg. 
On the front side of the monument there is a dedication text: “To the valiant ancestors of the 4th Infantry Division of the Prince of Wirtemberg, who gained eternal glory for the Fatherland and the Russian army in the Battle of Borodino.” 
Monument to the 1st Cavalry Battery of the Life Guards Artillery Brigade, Captain R.I. Zakharova.
Monument to the 3rd Cavalry Corps, the brigade of General I.S. Dorokhova.
On the front side of the monument there is a round metal medallion with a relief profile portrait of the hero of the Battle of Borodino, Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov. 
Spaso-Borodinsky was founded by Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova (née Naryshkina) on the site of the death of her husband, General Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov IV. During the Battle of Borodino, the middle Bagration flush was located here. The landscape appearance of the fortifications has now been restored and maintained, therefore, walking in and around the monastery, you can observe the fortifications of the Russian troops. 
Monument to the 3rd Infantry Division of General P.P. Konovnitsyn. The monument stands on the territory of the monastery. On the edge of its foundation, facing the temple, in the list of those killed from the Revel Infantry Regiment, the name of Alexander Tuchkov appears first. 
Quite a funny note: There are several museum exhibitions on the territory of the monastery. A comprehensive ticket for all exhibitions costs 50 rubles, and it is issued in the form of an old Soviet ticket with a face value of 5 kopecks. Of course I kept it as a keepsake.
Monument to the 12th Infantry Division of General I.V. Vasilchikova. The division's losses in the Battle of Borodino were enormous: 1,050 killed, 1,435 wounded and 630 missing. 
Monument to the 24th Infantry Division of General P.G. Likhacheva. At the base of the monument, four slabs list the regiments that were part of this division. 
Graves of Russian officers. Under the tetrahedral tombstone of gray granite lie the remains of Lieutenant of the Life Guards Semyonovsky Regiment S.N. Tatishchev and ensign of the same regiment N.A. Venison, killed with one kernel. The author of the monument on their grave is the father of the deceased Nikolai Olenin - Alexey Nikolaevich Olenin, director of the Imperial Public Library.
On the background monument to the 23rd Infantry Division of General A.N. Bakhmeteva During the battle, the head of the division, Major General Alexei Nikolaevich Bakhmetev, had his right leg torn off by a cannonball below the knee. 
Monument to the Astrakhan Cuirassier Regiment.
Monument to the Cavalry Guards and Horse Guards. In the eagle's claws are the staffs of the standards of the Cavalry and Horse Guards regiments. Both of these regiments constituted an elite, privileged part of the Russian Guards cavalry. 
The main monument to Russian soldiers, heroes of the Battle of Borodino, on the Raevsky battery. The monument was founded in August 1837, on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, by the Tsarevich, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich, the future Emperor Alexander II. 
The height of the monument including the cross is 27.5 meters. Its edges contain information about the strength of both armies on the day of the battle, about the “twenty languages” of Napoleon’s army, about the Russian generals who died on the memorable day of August 26, 1812. Here are expressive texts about the retreat of the Russian army to Moscow, about the entry of the French into the capital and Russian troops into Paris. 
P.S. Initially, I hoped to complete the story about the Borodino monuments in two parts. But it didn't work out. In theory, everything seemed very accessible, but in practice, having got off at Borodino station at 11 o’clock in the morning and walked more than 15 km in 8 hours, we never got to such significant places as Shevardino, the village of Borodino itself and Gorki. In addition, a very interesting monument that I would like to show here was closed for reconstruction. Therefore, the story will have a third part.
Information materials about the monuments are taken from the website
Our trip today will be to one of the oldest museums in the world, most of which is located in the open air - the Borodino Field Museum-Reserve, which is a memorial to two Patriotic Wars at once (the War of 1812 and the War of 1941-1945)...
The area of protected areas is over 110 square meters. km...
(The plan of the Borodino field was taken from the website www.borodino.ru)
"Borodino Field" is a somewhat unique museum: on its vast territory there are about 200 monuments, most of which are dedicated to specific units of the Russian army participating in the grandiose battle of August 26 (September 7), 1812... All these monuments were installed in those very places Borodino Field, where those significant events took place with the participation of these military units....
In this regard, visiting all the sights of the Borodino Field is a very difficult and time-consuming task: firstly, not every monument can be accessed by your own personal transport, and secondly, the territory of the museum-reserve is so vast that even if and there was the possibility of access to each attraction - even this would have taken quite a lot of time...
We would divide our program for visiting Borodino Field into three stages:
1st - visiting the main battle sites;
2nd - visit to the Borodino Museum
3rd - visit to the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery.
One more note. Since about the events of 1812 and about the fighting during 1941-1945. a lot has been written in detail - we will not cover them in our case. Our task is to show the main memorable places of those years, optimizing the travel route (in order to see more sights in a minimum time)...
Moving from Moscow along the Minsk Highway, we turn onto Mozhaisk, drive along its central streets (you can also stay in Mozhaisk to see its sights. For example, the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, or the Luzhetsky Monastery...), and along the Mozhaisk Highway (A100) we are heading towards Borodino... After about 7.5 - 8 km we turn left (towards Psarevo) and after 4 km we will come to a fork: “Borodino Museum - right, Borodino station - left”.
From here we will begin our acquaintance with the Borodino Field museum-reserve... By the way, not reaching 300 meters before this intersection, on the left side there is a decent-sized parking lot where you can leave your car, for example, during the grandiose military-historical reconstruction of the events of Borodino battle of 1812, which takes place every year on the first Sunday of September.
On weekdays there are no problems with parking and you can easily stop in your car near any iconic place that has access...
So, having made a stop near the intersection, we come to our first memorial on the Borodino field...
This is a monument to Count Arakcheev’s Battery No. 2 and Light No. 2 companies of the Life Guards Artillery Brigade...
On the eastern side of the monument the following inscription....
And when we approach the monument from the north side, we will find out by whose efforts and when it was erected....
By the way, most of the monuments on the Borodino field that are associated with the events of 1812 were erected in 1912 - in honor of the 100th anniversary of this significant battle...
On the opposite side of the road we see another monument....
It was installed in honor of Battery No. 1 and Light No. 1 companies of the Life Guards Artillery Brigade... Having walked around it from all sides, we learn that 8 people from this unit, including General Ermolov A.P. awarded for valor and courage shown during the war with Napoleon with the Order of St. George of various degrees...
In fact, at the very crossroads there is another reminder of 1812 - a monument to the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment....
And this is the rationale for its appearance...
On August 26, after unsuccessful attempts to break through in this direction, the French fired volleys of 400 guns into this area. Every second guard died, but the ranks of the soldiers did not waver, and when help arrived, the French were sent to flight...
Literally after 100 meters, on the left side, 120 meters from the road, we see the next memorial monument...
This is a monument to the 2nd cuirassier division I.M. Duki as part of the Little Russian, Cuirassier, Novgorod, Glukhov and Ekaterinoslav regiments...
Ilya Mikhailovich Duka is a Serbian nobleman who, during the Battle of Borodino, three times personally went with his subordinates in counterattacks on enemy batteries.... For his courage he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree...
At the top of the monument we see a double-headed eagle with the monogram of Alexander
I,
and along the perimeter of the monument, cuirassier helmets are placed on low pedestals...
After 200 meters we stop at the monument to the 12th Infantry Division of General I.V. Vasilchikova, who took part in the battle for the Raevsky battery and contributed to the encirclement and destruction of the Bonami brigade...
During the Battle of Borodino I.V. Vasilchikov was wounded, but did not leave the battlefield... For skillful leadership of his unit during the battle and personal courage, he was promoted to lieutenant general... Subsequently, being Nikolai's favorite
I , Vasilchikov will be elevated to the rank of count (the princely branch of the Vasilchikov family will begin with him) and will become chairman of the Committee of Ministers and the State Council...
From this point, the main monument of the Battle of Borodino is already quite clearly visible - the monument to the heroes of the Battle of Borodino...
Before we get there, let's look at other monuments located closer to the forest planting.... To do this, we continue our route further along the dirt road...
Our trip through the fields (even though we were moving along a dirt road, and there were no prohibitory signs) attracted the attention of local comrades... A UAZ rushed after us, overtook us while we were examining the monument to the 12th Infantry Division, and stopped at edge of the forest... A comrade came out of him, who all the time while we were on the field, carefully watched our body movements.... Perhaps he thought that we were some kind of "black diggers".... But with us, besides I didn't have a camera with me...
On the edge of the field, far from the road, there is a group of monuments....
In the center of the first row is a tombstone monument to the Life Guardsmen of the Semenovsky Regiment, Lieutenant Count S.N. Tatishchev and warrant officer N.A. Olenin. They were killed by one cannonball on August 26, 1812....
To his right is the grave of the captain of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment P.F. Shaposhnikov (his remains were moved here in 1967 from Mozhaisk), and on the left is the grave of the captain of the Life Guards Jaeger Regiment A.P. Levshin...
The graves of these Russian officers who died during the Battle of Borodino appeared here in 1967.... At one time, these officers were buried on the territory of the Trinity Church in Mozhaisk. However, at the end of the 60s of the last century, local authorities decided to build a House of Culture on the site of the church.... Because of this, measures were taken to rebury the participants in the Battle of Borodino...
Behind the graves is a monument to the 23rd Infantry Division...
Somewhere in the distance you can see the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery....
Our plans include visiting him, but it will be a little later...
About 50 meters from the monument to the 23rd Infantry Division
there is a monument to the Astrakhan Cuirassier Regiment....
The inscription on it testifies to the fierce battles that took place here...
Another 50 meters of the way - and another monument....
This is a monument to the Life Cuirassier Regiment...
Well, this group of monuments is completed by a monument to the cavalry guards and horse guards...
Guards heavy cavalry (cavalry guards) and horse guards largely contributed to the victory of the Russian army in the Battle of Borodino...
On the back side of the monument there is a memorial plaque that reflects the chronology of events in the action of the regiments of the 1st Brigade of the 1st Guards Cuirassier Division on August 26, 1812....
We return to the asphalt road (our accompanying person also leaves the field)...
Before leaving for it, on the right side there is a monument to the Field Horse Artillery,
built at the expense of all field horse batteries for the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino...
On it we see a bronze bas-relief plaque depicting an episode of a battle involving horse artillery... True, this is already a copy. The original was stolen in 1977...
Before we had time to drive 300 meters towards the Borodino Museum, the next monument rises to the right of the road - a monument to the 24th Infantry Division of General P.G. Likhacheva...
This division had a very hard time during the Battle of Borodino: almost all of its fighters were killed in an unequal battle with the French. General Likhachev himself, being wounded and shell-shocked, rushed with his sword drawn at the enemy... The general's uniform saved his life (for a captured general in the French army there was a large monetary reward and the Order of the Legion of Honor). Napoleon personally communicated with Likhachev, and as a sign of admiration for the valor and courage of the soldiers of the 24th Infantry Division, he returned the sword to their commander...
Well, now nothing “stops” us from finally getting to the Borodino Museum and the main monument of the Battle of Borodino...
We are in the parking lot near the Borodino Military History Museum....
Next to the parking lot there is a concrete map indicating the main memorial sites of the Battle of Borodino...
Opposite, across the road, is the main monument to Russian soldiers, heroes of the Battle of Borodino...
That's where we're heading...
50 meters from the monument we encounter the structures of the Mozhaisk defense line, where, from October 13 to October 18, 1941, the 32nd Rifle Division under the command of Colonel V.I. Polosukhina fought fierce battles with superior enemy forces. IN
During these battles, the Nazis suffered heavy losses and were detained for some time, which made it possible for the Soviet army to gain a foothold on the approaches to Moscow...
Before us is a bunker (long-term defensive structure) of those times
around which the remains of numerous trenches are clearly visible...
But let's return to the main monument to Russian soldiers - the heroes of the Battle of Borodino on the Raevsky battery....
It was founded on August 26, 1837 by Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich (future Emperor Alexander
II ). The author of the project is architect A. Adomini...Two years later, in 1839, the monument was inaugurated personally by Emperor Nicholas
I . At the same time, the first maneuvers with the participation of 150 thousand military personnel took place on the Borodino field, during which certain moments of the Borodino battle were reproduced....
In addition to architectural features, the monument is also a carrier of information related to the events of 1812....
If you walk around its perimeter, you can learn many interesting facts.....
At the foot of the monument is the grave of commander P.I. Bagration...
He was wounded in the leg during the Battle of Borodino (a fragment of the cannonball crushed the bone of his left leg) and was sent for treatment to Moscow... Since there were no X-ray machines then, the doctors did not immediately notice that a fragment from the cannonball remained in the large wound... While the point is (and 17 days have already passed), Bagration began to develop gangrene, from which he died on September 23, 1812... He was buried in the village of Sima, Vladimir province, however, on the initiative of the partisan poet Denis Davydov, in 1839 the ashes of Prince Bagration was moved to the Borodino field. Emperor Nicholas himself took part in the burial
I...
It must be said that the fate of the main monument and Bagration’s grave had a tragic continuation... In 1932, they were destroyed as relics of the past.... Restoration began only in 1985-87. At the same time, during preparatory work, raking out a pile of garbage at the site of the former monument, fragments of Bagration’s bones were discovered, which were again reburied on August 18, 1987. Only this time the ceremony did not take place in the presence of the top officials of the state: everything was led by the commander of one of the military units located near the Borodino field with the rank of colonel...
Since the main monument is located at the highest place, a large-scale view of the Borodino field opens from its foot...
From the main monument, along the trenches from the Second World War, we walk 350-400 meters to the northwest and a T-34 tank appears in front of us...
The “reasons” for his appearance in this place....
Next to the tank is a defense line and a fairly well-preserved bunker,
which you can look into...
This is what the surrounding area looks like from its embrasure....
There is another bunker nearby...
If you go out onto the highway from this place,
then on the opposite side of the road, next to the next line of defense,
we will see a monument on the site of the mass grave of those who fell during the battle in 1941....
Well, now we can return to the car that we left near the Borodino Museum...
Now our path lies to the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery...
To do this, you need to return to Semenovskoye and turn right in the center of the village. After 600 meters you will already be at the walls of the monastery....
At the entrance to Semenovskoye, on the left side we see a monument to the Volyn Infantry Regiment, which especially distinguished itself in defending the left flank of the Russian position....
After turning towards the monastery, after 150 meters (on the left again) we can see the monument to the 4th Cavalry Corps of General K.K. Siversa...
It was built in 1912 according to the design of A.P. Vereshchagina....
150 meters from the previous monument (towards the monastery) there is a grandiose tetrahedral obelisk...
This is the monument “Grateful Russia to its Defenders,” which was opened in 1912. (author S.K. Rodionov)...
The obelisk consists of artillery pieces, among which are the coats of arms of cities whose residents donated funds for its construction... At the top of the obelisk is St. George the Victorious in a laurel wreath...
Just like the main monument of the Battle of Borodino, this monument was destroyed (though this happened a little earlier - in 1920)... It was restored only in 1995...
Having examined the monastery and the surrounding area (the chapel of St. Rachel of Borodino, the mass graves of Russian soldiers), we head towards the Utitsky forest...
Imprints of the military actions of 1812 (remains of lunettes) and 1941 (remains of trenches) are visible everywhere...
Behind one of these structures we meet the grave of General D.P. Neverovsky...
A participant in the Battle of Borodino, Dmitry Petrovich Neverovsky, died in 1813 near Leipzig and was buried there. In 1912, his ashes were reburied on the Borodino field
in close proximity to the monument dedicated to his division (it is in front of us)...
Nearby is a monument to the Pioneer (engineer) troops....
These units were the first to find themselves in the territory where the battles were to take place, in difficult field conditions they erected various defensive structures, on which the lives of many soldiers, and sometimes the outcome of the battle, later depended...
already at the edge of the forest we discover the next monument to the Battle of Borodino....
It is dedicated to the 4th Infantry Division of the Prince of Württemberg....
Prince Eugene of Württemberg - nephew of Empress Maria Feodorovna, during the battle he covered the rearguard of the 1st Western Army with his division. After the battle he was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree and promoted to the rank of lieutenant general...
Among the bushes, another memorial structure is visible....
As we get closer, we learn that this is a monument to the 1st Cavalry Battery of the Life Guards Artillery Brigade, whose positions were at this place in 1812......
And already on the outskirts we saw this monument....
Monument to the 3rd Cavalry Corps....
Looking at all these monuments, we unnoticed ourselves moved away from the walls of the monastery at a decent distance (about 1 km).....
Since there were no paths or paths ahead, we went back...
We’ve already reached Neverovsky’s grave,
here are the burial places of Russian soldiers,
and the chapel of Rachel of Borodino....
And here is the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery itself....
We were about to get into the car and head back, but we decided to explore the monastery from the opposite side....
And then, at the end of its southeastern wall, they spotted a monument associated with the events of 1812....
We are heading in his direction.... After 200 meters we are at the monument to the 2nd Grenadier Division of General K. Mecklenburg and the Combined Grenadier Division of General M.S. Vorontsova...
On the edges of the base of the monument are lists of losses of all units of these divisions...
During the battle, a fierce battle took place here for Bagration's flushes, during which both sides suffered heavy losses...
Well, if you still have strength, then after covering another hundred meters you will find yourself at the monument to the Murom Infantry Regiment,
which was part of the brigade of General A.A. Tuchkova....
Now we can return to the car... We have already examined everything in this direction...
Having reached the parking lot, we decide what else we can see before we set off on the way back home...
We decide to ride for some time along the road leading from the monastery in the direction opposite to Semenovsky....
After 2 km we turn left and after driving 600 meters along a deserted asphalt path we find ourselves at the observation deck...
To our right is the Shevardinsky redoubt, but to get there you need to climb 200-250 meters up the steps.... We no longer have the strength, and we decide to watch it from afar, and if we’re lucky, we’ll come closer...
To the left, in close proximity, is another monument...
We have enough strength to examine it...
It turns out this is a monument....to the soldiers of Napoleon's army... (monument to the "Dead of the Great Army"). It was installed in 1913 on the site of Napoleon's command post....
Well, what about the redoubt? We get into the car and go around it from the north side....
The redoubt becomes quite accessible to the optics of our camera, and we, practically without leaving the car, have the opportunity to get acquainted with the monument installed on its top...
During the battle, a detachment of Lieutenant General Gorchakov numbering 11 thousand people was stationed here, against whom Napoleon threw 35 thousand of his soldiers...
Now we are definitely heading back...
We pass Semenovskoye and head towards Borodino station...
500 meters from Semenovsky on both sides of the road we saw a group of monuments...
I had to stop...
The first monument is a monument to the Life Guards Lithuanian Regiment from the Moscow Regiment....
The second is a monument to the Life Guards Finnish Regiment....
Next to it is the burial place of the captain of this regiment A.G. Ogarev, which was moved here in 1964 from the Old Village....
The third monument was erected at the burial site of soldiers of the 32nd Infantry Division who died in October 1941...
20 meters away is another burial from those years....
That's it, we are already exhausted, our strength is running out and we make a decision - not to make any more stops....
A tour of the Borodino Field Museum-Reserve cannot be called an entertaining walk in the fresh air (by the way, we were lucky with the weather: there was no rain while traveling through the museum, but as soon as we passed the Borodino station a severe thunderstorm began...), i.e. To. due to its specifics and features, it involves both long walking routes and frequent travel from one place to another (it’s good when you come by personal transport). Of course, we were not able to examine all 200 monuments and visit all the places that are in one way or another connected with the Battle of Borodino, but we got, in our opinion, a fairly complete picture of this corner of Russia...
