Day of Slavic Writing. Presentation and summary of an extracurricular lesson on the topic “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture” (1st grade) Presentation of the game Day of Slavic Literature

Epigraph Brothers! Let us joyfully honor the holy duo on this day! Let us honor the honorable memory of the Enlighteners. Let us praise them with a song of praise, a great voice: Rejoice, Cyril, Rejoice, Methodius, Rejoice, apostles of the Slovenian countries! “Song of Praise” to Saints Cyril and Methodius Day of Slavic Literature, Culture and Enlightenment Every year on May 24, the entire Slavic world solemnly celebrates a religious and at the same time public holiday - the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. According to UNESCO, 863 is recognized as the year of the creation of the Slavic alphabet. May 24, the day of remembrance of Cyril and Methodius, becomes a national holiday of Slavic literature and culture in Russia. The importance of writing At the beginning of the 21st century, it is unthinkable to imagine modern life without books, newspapers, indexes, the flow of information, and the past without an ordered history, religion without sacred texts... The appearance of writing has become one of the most important discoveries in the long journey of humanity. In terms of significance, this step can perhaps be compared with making fire or with the transition to growing plants instead of a long period of gathering. The formation of writing is a very difficult process that lasted thousands of years. Slavic writing, the heir of which is our modern writing, joined this series more than a thousand years ago, in the 9th century AD. The creators of Slavic writing The first Slavic enlighteners were the learned Bulgarian monks from Byzantium, brothers Cyril and Methodius. Kirill taught philosophy and knew the languages ​​of different nations. Methodius, a good organizer, ruled the Byzantine region for about 10 years. Then he became a monk and soon headed the monastery. Around 863, the brothers streamlined the writing system for the Slavic language. Cyril created Slavic writing based on the Greek alphabet. With the help of Methodius, Cyril translated several liturgical books into Slavic. From Bulgaria, Slavic writing passed to Rus'. The creators of Slavic writing were Cyril (in the world Constantine) and Methodius, Holy Brothers Equal to the Apostles, great Slavic educators. Why is the Slavic alphabet called the Cyrillic alphabet? Kirill created the Slavic alphabet, called the Cyrillic alphabet. Also in the 9th century, the Slavs had another alphabet - the Glagolitic alphabet. They are very different from each other. In Cyrillic, the letters have a simpler and clearer form for us. The Cyrillic alphabet was the basis of our Russian alphabet. The word “alphabet” itself comes from the name of the first two letters of the Cyrillic alphabet: “Az” and “Buki”. Cyril and Methodius took the Greek alphabet and adapted it for the sounds of the Slavic language: a Greek letter (“alpha”) for our sound [a], a Greek letter (“vita”) for our sound [v], and so on. So our alphabet is a “daughter” of the Greek alphabet. Many of our letters are taken from Greek, which is why they look similar to them. Origins of Russian writing ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA Greek letters: Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm ABC: AZ + BUKI Slavic letters: Aa Vv Gg Dd E Kk Ll Mm Glagolitic First books of Rus' Statutory letter Parchment Old Russian handwritten book Initial letters Cyrillic letter Sample for the writing of Cyrillic letters was inspired by the signs of the Greek statutory alphabet. Ustav is a letter when the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without tilting - they are, as it were, “arranged.” Cyrillic letter From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter, however, allowed me to write faster. A slant appeared in the letters, their geometricity was not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines has ceased to be maintained; the text was already divided into words. Cyrillic writing. In the 15th century, semi-ustav gives way to cursive writing. Manuscripts written in the “quick custom” are distinguished by the coherent writing of adjacent letters and the sweep of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many different spellings. With the development of speed, signs of individual handwriting appear. Cyrillic letter. The oldest book in Rus' written in Cyrillic, the Ostromir Gospel - 1057. During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the style of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet. The new alphabet became poorer in content, but simpler and more suitable for printing various civil business papers. This is how it got the name “civilian”. In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters: yat, i(I), izhitsa, fita. Heir to the Cyrillic alphabet The modern Russian alphabet is a successor to the Cyrillic alphabet, the Slavic alphabet, which was and is used for writing by Bulgarians, Serbs, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and other peoples. Gospel (Greek - good news) - the first four books of the New Testament, in which the apostles set out the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Psalter (Psalter) - A biblical book of the Old Testament, consisting of 150 psalms, the composition of which is attributed to King David. The Apostle is one of the books that is used in the services of the Orthodox Church. It contains the book of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of the Apostles. Quiz “Who is more attentive” – Worldly name of Kirill? Konstantin - Who was the brothers' father? Military leader - How did Kirill impress the teachers? Abilities, intelligence and knowledge - What position did Kirill hold in the church of Pope Nicholas I the Great? Was a librarian - Who are heretics and what relation do they have to the brothers? Dissenters, erring ones - What was Cyril called in Constantinople and why? Philosopher - Why did the brothers leave Constantinople for Moravia? Preach the true teaching, faith - In what city were the creators of Slavic writing, brothers Cyril and Methodius, born? In the city of Soluni Soluni A. In the city B. In Chersonesos C. In Constantinople - On what day is St. glorified? brothers Cyril and Methodius? A. June 20 May 24 B. 24 C. March 15 Proverbs Live forever, learn forever. It's never too late to learn. Learning is light and ignorance is darkness. First az, beeches, then all the sciences. Alphabet - the wisdom of the step. The root of the teaching is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. Those who are strong in science do not know boredom. To know a wise man is to gain wisdom. The peahen is red in feathers, and man is in learning. Learning to read and write is always useful. Alphabet - the wisdom of the step. Riddles 1. Thirty-three sisters, written beauties, live on one page, and are famous everywhere. Letters of the alphabet 3. What is between the mountain and the valley? Letter I 2. White field, Black seed, He who sows the field understands it. Paper, letters, writing 4. What Russian word consists of three syllables and indicates 33 letters? From the name of the first two letters AZ and BUKI (letters), the word ABC was formed. Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius Icon (Bulgaria) Troparion of the feast of the glorification of Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Methodius and Cyril, the first teachers of Slovenia, tone 4. As the Apostle of unanimity and teacher of the Slovenian countries, Cyril and Methodius of God of Wisdom, pray to the Lord of all, to establish all Slovenian languages ​​in Orthodoxy and unanimity, to pacify the world, and save our souls. Conclusion Now, thanks to the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, we can remember: where do our writings come from, where do books, libraries and schools come from, where did the literary wealth of Rus' come from?! “Great is the benefit of book learning!” - exclaimed the ancient Russian chronicler. And we, learning from books, reading books, in the words of the same chronicler, are reaping the fruits of the wonderful sowing of the ancient Russian enlighteners, who adopted writing from the first teachers of the Slavs - Cyril and Methodius. We must be eternally grateful to the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet, from whose letters today we form syllables, from syllables into words, from words into sentences. And now we write books.

Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.

Target:

Reveal the meaning of the holiday “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”

Tasks:

1. Instill in children a love of their native word, the Russian language, and national history.

2.Introduce students to the origins of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.

3. To foster respect for the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet and national pride in the language.

THE NUMBERS OF THE PRESENTATION SLIDE ARE INDICATED IN RED IN BRACKETS. SWITCH SLIDES BY CLICKING.

Materials for the holiday

“Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”(1)

Children reading a poem

Across wide Rus' to our mother

The bell ringing (2) is heard.

Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius

They are glorified for their efforts.

Remember Cyril and Methodius, (3)

Glorious Brothers Equal to the Apostles

In Belarus, Macedonia,

In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

All nations that write in Cyrillic (4)

What have been called Slavic since ancient times,

They glorify the feat of the first teachers,

Christian enlighteners.

1st child reader

(5) Brown-haired and gray-eyed

Everyone is bright in face and glorious in heart

Drevlyans, Rusichi, glades

Tell me, who are you?

All in unison

We are Slavs!

2nd child reader

(6) Your article is all nice

Everyone is different and different

Now you are called Russians;

Since ancient times, who are you?

All in unison

We are Slavs!

3rd child reader

(7) We love our free songs,

Flowers, white birch trees,

We are called Lyuba, Olya, Ani,

Seryozha, Kolya.

All in unison

We are Slavs!

Presenter ( with a scroll in his hands):

(8) Oh, you are our glorious guests, dear dear children! I will tell you about Holy Rus', about distant times unknown to you.

Once upon a time there lived good fellows, beautiful red maidens. And they had kind mothers and wise, strict priests. They knew how to plow and mow, and cut down mansions; They also knew how to weave canvases and embroider them with patterns.

But our ancestors did not know how to read and write, they did not know how to read books or write letters. And two enlighteners appeared in the Slavic countries - the wise brothers, Cyril and Methodius. (9) And they came up with letters, and from them they made up the alphabet.

Children talk about Cyril and Methodius and the history of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.

1st child

In Greece, in the city of Thessaloniki, two brothers lived. Their father was a military leader, he was Greek by nationality, and their mother was Slavic. Among the Greeks was their own alphabet and books, but the Slavs did not.

My younger brother, Kirill, dreamed: “When I grow up, I’ll come up with letters for the Slavs.”

He was the best student in school and, when he grew up, he did not forget his dream.

2nd child

Kirill, learned many languages. They gave him the nickname “Philosopher.” (10) But from fame and wealth he went to a monastery and became a monk. There, in silence, together with brother Methodius, they compiled the alphabet.

1st and 2nd child together

(11) The brothers worked hard to create the Slavic alphabet!

1st child

The brothers tried to make the letters of the alphabet beautiful so that it would not be difficult for the hand to write them. These letters were then used to write down the words of many wise books. As the creator of Slavic writing, Saint Cyril is usually depicted with a scroll of the alphabet in his hands.(12)

Leading

(13) Look at the scroll with the letters of the Slavic alphabet. These letters are so beautiful!

Each letter in the Slavic alphabet is special. The letters reflect the spirit of the people: wisdom, strength and beauty. A deep meaning is already inherent in the name of each Slavic letter. Now we will find out.

Children come out with letter caps on their heads.

Letter "Az"

(14) Hello! I am the letter Az. I'm starting with the ABCs.

After the name of the first letter of the alphabet, the beginnings of literacy (and the beginnings of any business) were called “azas”. In the old days they said: “Wisdom begins with knowing the basics.”

Letter "Buki"

(15) And my name is the letter Buki. People say: “First, knowledge and science, then science.”

Letter "Lead"

(16) My name is the letter Vedi. I know everything, I know everything.

Leading

Do you know, letter Vedi, that our speech is like a garden? Beautiful flowers grow in this garden: are these smart, kind words? Let our children say some kind words now?

Children (say kind words)

« Mom”, “dad”, “sun”, “forgive”, “thank you”, “Motherland”, “light”, “book”, “rainbow”...

Leading

Let's think about the meaning of some words. For example, what do the words mean: (17)

"Hello"?

– Wishing you health and good health.

"Thank you"?

- “God bless you.”

"Thank you"?

– Give all the benefits.

"Mercy"?

– Sweet, kind heart.

Leading

Will anything change in the world if people speak kind, holy words more often?

Children (give answers)

– People will smile more and be happy.

– The world will become kinder.

– People will become kinder and cleaner...

Leading

You were able to name kind words and even explain the meaning of some words. How important it is that in our lives we try not only to speak, but also to do what these words call us to do - try to live simply and with love.

Now guess the riddles.

There are 33 heroes on the ABC book page.

Every literate person knows the sages-heroes.(18)

(Letters)

The Russian alphabet can be called the younger sister of the Slavic alphabet.

Not a tree, but leaves,

Not a shirt, but a sewn one.

(Book)(19)

1st Child Narrator

(20) Books came to Rus' with the adoption of Christianity in the 10th century.

In Kievan Rus, schools immediately arose where they taught reading, writing and “the art of books.”

2nd child narrator

(21) It took a long time to learn the alphabet. The teacher pronounced the name of each letter, and all the children loudly repeated after him in chorus. There was even a proverb: « They teach the alphabet, they shout at the whole hut.”

3rd child narrator

There was no paper then. They learned to write on birch bark - birch bark. With a sharp bone or metal rod, letters were scratched on birch bark. For this it was necessary to make an effort. There is a saying in Rus' that writing is not an easy matter:

“It seems: writing is an easy task; but they write with two fingers, but the whole body hurts.”

4th child narrator

(22) A little later, when paper appeared, students wrote in schools with quill quills, which they dipped in ink.

That's how wonderful it is at the beginning

Our diploma was there!

This is the pen they used to write with

From a goose wing!

This knife is for a reason

It was called "pocket".

They sharpened their pen,

If it wasn't spicy.

Will anyone today be able to guess the riddle that was invented in the ancient Russian school:

“Five oxen plow with one plow”? (23)

Leading

When a student in an old school already knew the letters, he began to learn to read from books.

Books in Rus' were treated with care, respect and accuracy.

Child reader

(25) It was difficult to read and write

To our ancestors in the old days,

And the girls were supposed to

Don't learn anything.

Only boys were trained.

Deacon with a pointer in his hand

I read books to them in a sing-song manner

In Slavic language.

So from the chronicles of old

Muscovite children knew

About Lithuanians, about Tatars

And about your homeland.

Leading

Do you want to hear how beautiful the Slavic language sounded?

The presenter or one of the adults reads a fragment of the text in Slavic.

Leading

The Slavic language became the basis of the Russian language. But the Slavic language itself still lives today. Hymns are sung in Slavic and services are performed in Orthodox churches.

Sometimes they say that the Slavic language is outdated and has become incomprehensible to modern people. But this is not entirely true, you just need to listen to its sound!..

The words in the Slavic language sound majestic and solemn.

1st child narrator

(26) And I heard what they said about books in the old days: “Read from board to board” . Like this?

2nd child narrator

Since ancient times in Rus', in order to preserve a book, its cover was made from boards. The boards were covered with leather; When closing the book, the cover was fastened with metal fasteners. Such a book could serve for a long time. And to read such a book “from board to board” means to read from beginning to end, from the first wooden flap of the cover to the second.

3rd child narrator

(27) In the old Russian school there was a tradition - when a student completed some part of his education: learned letters, read his first book, but brought a pot of porridge to the teacher in gratitude for the science.

After lessons, all the students ate this porridge with the teacher.

1st child narrator

Since then, “classmates” began to be called those who studied together, which means they ate the same porridge at the end of their studies.

Children give the teacher a pot of porridge cooked by their parents with words of gratitude for the teaching.

Leading

Look, a few more initial letters of the Slavic alphabet have come to us.

Letter "Verb"

(28) Hello! I am the letter Verb.

To verb means “to speak”, “to say”. There is a saying: “Once you say your word, you won’t take it back.”

Leading

This means that in order to speak, you must first think. Now our guys will think and tell us proverbs about literacy and learning.(29)

Children

First az and beeches, then science.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

Alphabet - the wisdom of the step.

What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe.

(30) - He who wants to know a lot needs to sleep less.

The bird is red with its feather, and the man with his mind.

Learning to read and write is always useful.

Live and learn.

Leading

The letter “verb” teaches us to be wise, to own our word.

Letter "Good"

(31) Good afternoon! My name is the letter Good. The Russian people have also written many proverbs about goodness.

Children

(32) - If you spend an hour in goodness, will you forget all your grief?

Sow goodness, sprinkle goodness, reap goodness, bestow goodness.

If there is no good in him, there is little truth in him.

Goodness is not dashing - it walks quietly in the world.

Leading

(33) And here are some more Slavic letters, they have their own special names: “Is”, “Life”, “Earth”...

If you name the first letters of the Slavic alphabet one by one, you will get words with meaning:

Children

Az Letters I Know Verb

Good Is the Life of the Earth

Leading

(34) And here are some more letters: “People” and “Rtsy”.

Letter "Rtsy"

Hello, I'm Letter "Rtsy". No wonder I am proud of myself, because I am the beginning of the word “Rus”

Rus' is rich in talents,

Rus' is strong in talents.

If the boys sing,

So she will live.

Children sing a song about the Motherland.

Leading

Thank you, letters, for teaching us wisdom, beauty and kindness. (35) Thanks to the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius for giving us the Slavic alphabet.

In the modern Russian alphabet there are 33 letters, and from the ancient scroll of the Slavic alphabet 44 sister letters look at us.

Child reader

(36) So let us glorify these letters!

Let them come to the children.

And let him be famous

Our Slavic alphabet!

1 slide

2 slide

3 slide

4 slide

About the holiday The great work of creating the Slavic alphabet was accomplished by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. In memory of the great feat of the brothers, on May 24, the Day of Slavic Literature is celebrated all over the world. It is celebrated especially solemnly in Bulgaria. There is a festive procession with the Slavic alphabet and icons of the holy brothers. Since 1987, a holiday of Slavic writing and culture has been held in our country on this day. The Russian people pay tribute to the memory and gratitude of the “teachers of the Slavic countries.”

5 slide

Do you know how Russian writing originated? If you don't know, we can tell you. But first answer this question: how does the alphabet differ from the alphabet? The word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two letters of the Slavic alphabet: A (az) and B (buki): ABC: AZ + BUKI and the word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA The alphabet is much older ABCs. In the 9th century there was no alphabet, and the Slavs did not have their own letters. And therefore there was no writing. The Slavs could not write books or even letters to each other in their language. SLAVIC ALPHABET AND GREEK ALPHABET

6 slide

How and where did our alphabet come from, and why is it called Cyrillic? In the 9th century in Byzantium, in the city of Thessaloniki (now the city of Thessaloniki in Greece), two brothers lived - Constantine and Methodius. They were wise and very educated people and knew the Slavic language well. The Greek king Michael sent these brothers to the Slavs in response to the request of the Slavic prince Rostislav. (Rostislav asked to send teachers who could tell the Slavs about the holy Christian books, book words unknown to them and their meaning). And so the brothers Constantine and Methodius came to the Slavs to create the Slavic alphabet, which later became known as the Cyrillic alphabet. (In honor of Constantine, who, having become a monk, received the name Cyril).

7 slide

How did they create the alphabet? Cyril and Methodius took the Greek alphabet and adapted it to the sounds of the Slavic language. So our alphabet is a “daughter” of the Greek alphabet. Many of our letters are taken from Greek, which is why they look similar to them. Slavic Aa Vv Gg Dd E Kk Ll Mm Greek Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm This system of 38 letters, which were supposed to reflect the subtlest nuances of the Slavic languages, came to be called the Glagolitic alphabet.

8 slide

At the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th centuries, followers of the Slavic enlighteners created a new Slavic alphabet based on Greek; to convey the phonetic features of the Slavic language, it was supplemented with letters borrowed from the Glagolitic alphabet. The letters of the new alphabet required less effort when writing and had clearer outlines. This alphabet, widespread among the eastern and southern Slavs, was later called the Cyrillic alphabet in honor of Cyril (Constantine), the creator of the first Slavic alphabet.

Slide 2

Day of remembrance of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius.

Slide 3

history of the holiday

• 1986 – revival of the holiday
• 1991 – approved as a public holiday
• Every year some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday
• Festivals and concerts are held in all cities

Slide 4

About the life of Cyril and Methodius

Cyril (born in 827, before becoming a monk - Constantine) and Methodius (born in 815, worldly name unknown) were born into the family of a Byzantine military leader from Thessalonica (Greece).

Slide 5

St. Methodius

St. Methodius is a high-ranking warrior who ruled for about 10 years one of the Slavic principalities subordinate to Byzantium, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language.

Slide 6

St. Cyril

From an early age, St. Cyril was distinguished by his mental abilities. While studying at the Thessaloniki school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he had already read the books of the most thoughtful of the Fathers of the Church - Gregory the Theologian (IV century).

Slide 7

About the life of Cyril and Methodius

In 861, the emperor summoned saints Constantine and Methodius from the monastery and sent them to the Khazars to preach the gospel.

Slide 8

In 863, the embassy of the ruler of the Great Moravian Empire (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bohemia, part of Austria and Hungary), Prince Rostislav, asked Emperor Michael to send teachers to preach in the country that had recently adopted Christianity.

Slide 9

With the help of brother Methodius, Cyril, in 6 months, compiled the Slavic alphabet (the so-called Glagolitic alphabet) and translated into Slavic the books without which the Divine service could not be performed: the Gospel Aprakos, the Apostle, the Psalter and selected services.

“...I will go with joy if they have letters for their language... Learning without the alphabet and without books is like writing a conversation on water.”

St. Cyril.

Slide 10

• In 868, Pope Andrian II consecrated the liturgical books translated by the brothers, blessing the holding of the liturgy in the Slavic language.

“If any of your teachers boldly begins to seduce you by reproaching the books of your tongue, let him be excommunicated until he corrects himself. Such people are wolves, not sheep...”

Andrian II.

Slide 11

February 14, 869 at the age of 42 Cyril dies in Rome

“You and I, brother, pulled one furrow, like a husband of oxen, and now, I fall on the ridge, ending my life. I know you love your native Olympus very much. Look, don’t leave our service even for his sake...”

Slide 12

After the death of his brother, Methodius continues to preach the gospel among the Slavs

Thanks to the activities of St. Methodius, both the Czechs and the Poles entered into a military alliance with Moravia, opposing the influence of the Germans.

“I was not silent out of fear and was always awake on guard.”

Slide 13

Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius were canonized in ancient times

In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles enlighteners of the Slavs has been honored since the 11th century

The memory of each of St. brothers are celebrated on the days of their death: St. Equal to the Apostles. Kirill – February 14 (Old style)/February 27 (according to the new art.). St. Equal to the Apostles Methodius – April 6/April 19. General church memory is celebrated on May 11/May 24.

Slide 14

The origins of Russian writing

Slide 15

Slavic alphabets: Cyrillic and Glagolitic

Glagolitic.

Cyril and Methodius “transferred” the sounds of the Slavic language onto parchment using that Glagolitic alphabet.

The letterforms have not been preserved.

Cyrillic.

In 893, the Cyrillic alphabet appeared, which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet in all Slavic countries

Russian alphabet.
Church Slavonic alphabet.

Slide 16

Cyrillic letter

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters.

Ustava is a letter where the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without tilting - they seem to be “arranged”.

Slide 17

From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter but allowed you to write faster.

A slant has appeared in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text has already been divided into words.

Slide 18

In the 15th century, semi-ustav gave way to cursive writing.

Manuscripts written in “quick custom” are distinguished by the coherent writing of adjacent letters and the sweep of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many different spellings. As speed develops, signs of individual handwriting appear.

Slide 19

The oldest book in Rus' written in Cyrillic is the Ostromir Gospel - 1057.

During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the designs of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet. The new alphabet became poorer in content, but simpler and more suitable for printing various civil business papers. This is how it got the name “civilian”. In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters: yat, i(I), izhitsa, fita.

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Slide captions:

Slavic writing

and culture

REMEMBRANCE DAY of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers KIRILL

HISTORY OF THE HOLIDAY

The general holiday of Saints Cyril and Methodius was celebrated by the Bulgarian church in the following centuries, and during the era of the Bulgarian Renaissance it turned into a holiday of the alphabet created by them.

In 1863, the Russian Holy Synod determined, in connection with the celebration of the millennium of the Moravian mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius, to establish an annual celebration in honor of Saints Methodius and Cyril on May 11.

In 1985 in the USSR, when the 1100th anniversary of the repose of Methodius was celebrated.

On January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted a resolution on the annual holding

"Days of Slavic culture and writing."

Every year some new Russian settlement became the capital of the holiday (except for 1989 and 1990, when the capitals were Kyiv and Minsk, respectively)

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

KIRILL (born in 827, before becoming a monk - Constantine)

MEFODIUS (born in 815, worldly name unknown)

were born into the family of a Byzantine military leader from

Thessaloniki (Greece)

The enlightener of the Slavs, Saint MEFODIUS, was born around 815 in Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki), one of the largest and richest cities of Byzantium. Around 833, METHODIUS began military service and served in the capital, in full view of Emperor Theophilus. At the age of 20, he was appointed archon (voivode) in Slavinia, a small Slavic principality then under Greek rule. MEFODIUS performed this position for ten years and had the opportunity to study the Slavic language and Slavic customs well.

SAINT METHODIUS

SAINT CYRILL

Saint CYRILL was born in Macedonia, in the city of Thessaloniki, and from an early age he was distinguished by his mental abilities. While studying at the Thessaloniki school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he had already read the books of the most profound of the Fathers of the Church - Gregory the Theologian (IV century)

The young man early accepted the rank of presbyter.

Upon returning to Constantinople, he served as librarian of the cathedral church and teacher of philosophy. Saint CYRILL successfully debated with heretics, iconoclasts and Mohammedans.

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

In the early 860s. one of the most powerful Slavic sovereigns - the Moravian prince ROSTISLAV asked the Byzantine emperor MICHAEL III send him Christian teachers. Looking for people for the Moravian mission, the emperor and patriarch immediately remembered CONSTANTINE and METHODIA. When the brothers were asked to go as teachers to Moravia, they agreed and immediately began work on the Slavic alphabet. Soon, an alphabet of 38 letters, based on the Greek cursive script, was compiled.

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

With the help of brother MEFODIUS, KIRILL in 6 months compiled the Slavic alphabet (the so-called Glagolitic alphabet) and translated books into Slavic, without which the Divine service could not be performed:

• Gospel Aprakos,
• Apostle,
• Psalter and selected services

“...I will go with joy if they have letters for their language... Learning without the alphabet and without books is like writing a conversation on water”

Saint Cyril

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

“If any of your teachers boldly begins to seduce you by reproaching the books in your tongue, let him be excommunicated until he corrects himself. Such people are wolves, not sheep..."

Andrian II

Papa Adrian II received the Greek missionaries with great solemnity and without any hesitation supported all their endeavors. In 868 Pope Andrian II consecrated the liturgical books translated by the brothers, blessing the holding of the liturgy in the Slavic language

KIRILL dies in Rome

“You and I, brother, pulled one furrow, like a husband of oxen, and now, I fall on the ridge, ending my life. I know you love your native Olympus very much. Be careful not to leave our service even for his sake...”

“I was not silent out of fear and was always awake on guard.”

After the death of his brother MEFODIUS

continues

evangelical preaching among the Slavs

Thanks to the activities of Saint METHODIA, both the Czechs and the Poles entered into a military alliance with Moravia, opposing the influence of the Germans.

MEFODIUS predicted the day of his death and died

In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles enlighteners of the Slavs has been honored since the 11th century

The memory of each of St. brothers are celebrated on the days of their death:

Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles CIRILL -

Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles METHODIUS -

General church memory is celebrated

CYRILL and MEFODIUS

canonized

THE TALE OF CYRILL AND METHODIA

Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm Aa Vv Gg Dd Eer Kk Ll Mm

THE ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN WRITING

greek letters:

Slavic letters:

ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA

ABC: AZ + BUKI

Slavic alphabet: CYRILLIC and GLAGOLITIC

GLAGOLITIC

CYRILLIC

KIRILL and MEFODIUS “transferred” the sounds of the Slavic language onto parchment using that GLAGOLITIC.

Letter styles are not preserved

RUSSIAN ALPHABET

Church Slavonic ALPHABET

In 893, the CYRILLIC alphabet appeared,

which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet

in all Slavic countries

CYRILLIC LETTER

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters.

UTAV is a letter where the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without tilting - they seem to be “arranged”

The oldest book in Rus', written in Cyrillic, is the Ostromir Gospel - 1057

From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter but allowed you to write faster.

A slant has appeared in the letters, their geometricity is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines has ceased to be maintained; the text has already been divided into words

HALF CHARTER

In the 15th century, the half-rut gave way to SHORT WRITTEN

Manuscripts written in “quick custom” are distinguished by the coherent writing of adjacent letters and the sweep of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many different spellings.

As speed develops, signs of individual handwriting appear

CURSIVE

"Geometry Slavonic Land Measurement" - the first book typed in civil font

During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the designs of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet.

The new alphabet became poorer in content, but simpler and more suitable for printing various civil business papers.

This is how it got the name “civilian”

“Under Peter the Great,” M. Lomonosov jokingly wrote, “not only the boyars and boyars, but also the letters threw off their wide fur coats (he meant the old Slavic font) and dressed up in summer clothes.” By summer clothes the scientist meant a new civil alphabet.

• fixed a letter in the alphabet E, which was used in practice,
• removed doublet letters, i.e. where there were two letters to denote one sound, he left one: from “zelo” and “earth”, denoting the sound [z], he left the sign Z “earth”,
• from o “on” and “ot” (“omega”) the sign O “on” remained,
• from the letters “fita” and F “fert”, “fert” remained to indicate [f]

PETER'S REFORM

• In 1708, the letters “xi” and “psi” were eliminated, which had a phonetic meaning [ks] and [ps], respectively, and were very rarely used in words of Greek origin (enia - Xenia, alom - psalm),
• the letter “Izhitsa”, which meant [and] in some borrowed words, also disappeared;
• however, in 1710, “Izhitsa” returned to its place - the last letter of the old alphabet - and lived until 1918.

In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters:

yat, i(i), izhitsa, fitu

And about me, the linguist said: “It’s not a letter that’s a parasite! It does not mean sound, And slackers are not for science! And after a series of strict measures, Kommersant (er) disappeared from the language. Now I am in a different capacity, The work is a small amount. I’m really not loaded with it, But I’m glad that occasionally, yes it’s needed, I’m only familiar with E, E, I, Yu, With the prefix - I stand behind it. And you can’t do it without me! Now my name is Kommersant (hard sign)!

IRKUTSK REGIONAL STATE UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY

NAMED AFTER I. I. MOLCHANOV-SIBIRSKY

SINCE 1861 IN THE SERVICE OF READERS OF ANGARA READERS

TRAVEL IN THE WORLD OF BOOKS

Presentation made by a primary school teacher

Bannikova Ekaterina Petrovna

MKOU "Lermontovskaya Secondary School"

Kuytunsky district,

Irkutsk region

• http://www.orthphoto.net/photo/200811/35912.jpg- the Saints
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/my_documents/my_pictures/2010/nov/5A5_saints_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg- saints 2
• http://st.depositphotos.com/1003390/1206/v/450/dep_12069829-Birch-bark.jpg- presentation background
• http://alerie.piranho.de/pergament.gif- birch bark letter
• http://smartwebsite.ru/publ/znamenitye_proroki_i_verouchiteli/svjatoj_mefodij/36-1-0-3570- website of the material used
• http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/10/3/1/4/21810744247286083.jpg- Andrian 2
• http://pro-serafim.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/information_items_3496.jpg- Aprokos
• http://www.kmrz.ru/catimg/35/357393.jpg- Psalter
• - Saint Cyril
• http://avivudiya.com/n/56450- images of Saints Cyril and Methodius
• http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/Xrabr2.jpg- Cyrillic letter
• http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/halfustav.gif- semi-charter
• http://xn----8sbebhgbsfcbaca4bza2c4gh.xn--p1ai/Slavs/Cyrillic-character.html- website “History of Russian fonts”
• http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/scoropis.gif- cursive alphabet
• http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6313/32728872.e1/0_84ca8_b84a4864_XL- Methodius
• http://iconexpo.ru/pics/1_764.jpg- Kirill
• http://gic7.mycdn.me/getImage?photoId=547405950456&photoType=24– Kirill the second
• http://www.vsehpozdravil.ru/res/files/postcards/6036.jpg-Saints Cyril and Methodius
• http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GUNirTjlk50/TqVoR_BmXaI/AAAAAAAAAf0/ffueGIjdnXw/s1600/ba39d0be6251.jpg- Ostromir Gospel
• http://files.softicons.com/download/toolbar-icons/vista-arrow-icons-by-icons-land/png/256x256/Rotate360AntiClockwise2Red.png- return arrow
• http://freevectordownloadz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Letter-I-In-A-Red-Circle-Clip-Art.jpg- information indicator
• http://www.stihi.ru/pics/2010/12/18/7794.gif- jump button
• http://data12.proshkolu.ru/content/media/pic/std/5000000/4421000/4420655-e40d4dc862998a9d.jpg- day of Slavic writing
• http://s5.hostingkartinok.com/uploads/images/2013/06/257658555b117af98b635d39ad8d6c12.jpeg- Slavic alphabet
• http://img.bibo.kz/?6290183.jpg– alphabet since 1918
• http://subscribe.ru/group/slavyano-arijskaya-kultura/5639345/- Initial letter
• http://cs9874.vkontakte.ru/u1159889/-5/y_ac2843a8.jpg- Peter the First
• http://www.irklib.ru/- Irkutsk Library

RESOURCES USED.