Presentation "urbanization as a global process". Presentation on geography on the topic "Urbanization" (grade 10) The process of urbanization and its features

Transitions from liquid to gaseous or solid phase and back. It's hard to say where the oil came from. The origin of oil is one of the most difficult problems in natural science. Penetration of water to great depths into the bowels of the Earth. A number of statements and theoretical schemes created at the dawn of development. Some statements are remembered now only as oddities. What is oil? D.I. Mendeleev, as he himself writes, was amazed by parallelism.

“Geography test” - Name the states. Select the capital of China from the following. Areas of new development. The totality of farms in all countries of the world. Select the capital of Poland from the following. Geography cut test. Geographic division of labor. Number of non-OPEC countries. Type of industry structure. Number of a non-G8 country.

“Problems of Third World Countries” - General characteristics of Third World countries. High and growing unemployment rate. The problem of overcoming the backwardness of developing countries. Low level of labor productivity. Heavy dependence on agricultural production and exports. Forecast for developing countries. Problems of socio-economic backwardness of developing countries. Developing countries in the global economy. High population growth rates.

“Mechanical engineering and metalworking” - Mechanical engineering. Table. Foreign economic activity. Factors and features of the location of general engineering industries. Investments in fixed assets. Dynamics of the physical volume index of the mechanical engineering industry. Modern geography of general mechanical engineering. General mechanical engineering. Innovative and scientific-technical activities. Problems and prospects for the development of general mechanical engineering in the Russian Federation. The state of the mechanical engineering and metalworking industries.

“Architecture of Nizhny Novgorod” - A dozen Nizhny Novgorod residents. The building stood for more than 180 years. Wealth. City. There are more than 700 architectural monuments in Nizhny Novgorod. Preservation of architectural monuments in “Old Nizhny”. Preservation of the monument. Demolition of architectural monuments. Several trees. Nizhny Novgorod. Museum of Wooden Architecture. Historical core. Reconstruction of the Kremlin's Zachatievskaya tower. The attitude of the authorities towards the demolition of architectural monuments.

"World Economy" - Natural Resources. Scientific and technological revolution and its features. Signs of a post-industrial economy. MGRT and integration. Test. Composite scientific and technological revolutions. Territorial structure of countries. Stages of economic development of countries. Farm structure. Germany. MGRT is the specialization of countries in the production of goods and services. EGP. Scientific and technological revolution and the world economy. Stages of development of scientific and technological revolution. MX placement. Focus on highly qualified labor force. Environmental pollution.

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2). The concentration of population and economy is mainly in large cities, because cities have many functions, especially in the non-productive sphere, they better satisfy people's needs, have a developed infrastructure and provide access to information repositories. 2). The concentration of population and economy is mainly in large cities, because cities have many functions, especially in the non-productive sphere, they better satisfy people's needs, have a developed infrastructure and provide access to information repositories. Half the world's population lives in cities. More than 30 cities in the world have a population of more than 5 million people. 3) "Sprawling" of cities, expansion of their territory. This happens when belts of satellite cities appear around large cities (capitals, industrial and port centers). Such formations are called urban agglomerations. Their uncontrolled growth greatly worries scientists working on this problem.

The growth of cities, an increase in the share of the urban population, the spread of an urban lifestyle. urban growth, increasing proportion of urban population, spread of urban lifestyle. Urbanization year – 47.5% of the planet’s population are city dwellers

Rapid urban population growth. Urban population growth in % Leaders in urban population. China million people India million people USA million people Brazil million people

Population concentration in large cities. “Big cities are spiritual workshops where the best works of the Universe are created.” Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier's cities of millionaires. New York. Manhattan.

Urban sprawl. The transition from a “spot” city to an urban agglomeration – a territorial concentration of the urban population around a large city. The largest agglomerations in the world. 1 Tokyo – 27.9 million people. 2 Bombay – 18.1 million people. 3 Sao Paulo -17.8 million people 4 Shanghai – 17.2 million people. 5 New York – 16.6 million people. 6 Mexico City – 16.4 million people. 7 Beijing – 14.2 million people. 8 Jakarta – 14.1 million people. 9 Los Angeles – 13.1 million people. 10 Kolkata - 12.7 million people.

This is interesting The smallest city in the world - The smallest city in the world - HUM in Croatia. It was founded in 1102 and has 25 inhabitants. HUM in Croatia. It was founded in 1102 and has 25 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities in the world One of the oldest cities in the world JERICHO in Jordan. It was already ancient when the Egyptian pyramids were young.

And like a nightmare, a merciless vision, a merciless vision, a monster measuredly huge, measuredly huge, with a glass skull covering the globe, covering the globe, the future City-home appeared before me. appeared before me. I owe my life /machine of machines/ /machine of machines/ to wheels, blocks, rocker arms, I foresaw you, the last son of the Earth! Earth's last son! V.Bryusov V.Bryusov

The problem of urbanization Urbanization (Latin urbanus - urban) is a historical process of increasing the role of cities and urban lifestyle in the development of mankind, associated with the territorial concentration of its activities in relatively few places on the planet. Moreover, urbanization is a global process, i.e., covering the entire globe. The process of urbanization became a product of industrialization and capitalism. Continuing urbanization (sometimes called the “quiet revolution”) is bringing enormous changes to people’s lifestyles and transforming natural landscapes, often leading to negative environmental consequences.

Megalopolises In industrialized countries, as a result of the “sprawling” and gradual merging of dozens of neighboring urban agglomerations along transport highways, vast urbanized areas - megalopolises - are formed. The largest of them are the Tokaido megalopolis on the “front” side of Japan with the largest agglomerations of Tokyo, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe; The northeastern metropolis of the USA Bos-Wash, consisting of almost 40 agglomerations, stretching almost 1000 km from Boston to Washington; metropolis of Chig Pits on the southern coast of the Great Lakes - from Chicago to Pittsburgh.

“Slum urbanization” The globalism of the urbanization process is especially clear in the example of developing countries, where the number of city dwellers is growing rapidly. The migration of village residents to cities has assumed gigantic proportions. Urbanization here is unique and leads to rapid growth of the “pseudo-urban” population, hence “slum urbanization.” Over 1/3 of the urban population of underdeveloped countries lives in slums.

Specifics of urbanization in the USSR and Russia For decades, urbanization in our country was influenced by the military orientation and strategic interests of the country. Insufficient development of the service sector, the level of urban improvement, the monotony and dullness of the architectural appearance - all this was characteristic of the urbanization of the Soviet period. The process of urbanization gives rise to many economic, social and environmental problems in modern Russia: dangerous pollution of dozens of cities with industrial waste, the need to build new modern roads and reconstruct old housing stock, etc. In most Russian cities there is a lack of leisure and entertainment centers that have long been have already become an integral feature in Western countries.

Urbanization is a knot of contradictions Urbanization is the object of study of many sciences, primarily economics, ecology, sociology and geography. -Economic problems. The functions of large cities as industrial centers are weakening, while other functions (scientific, cultural, etc.) are strengthening. -Ecological problems. Cities concentrate all types of environmental pollution. -Social problems. Sharp differences in the quality of life in cities and less economically developed regions. -Geographical problems. The spread of the urban lifestyle to ever larger areas.

Lesson Objectives

• Find out what determined the distribution of the world's population?
• Which countries and regions are home to the largest population concentrations?
• How do cities and villages compare in size?
• How does the urbanization process occur?

The fields are ending their lives

Under the terrible chariot,

Which the spirit of the century took up arms against them,

And the tentacles stretch capital after capital,

To suck out the remaining strength from them.

E. Verharn

• The Earth is unevenly populated, with approximately 70% of the world's population living on 7% of the land area.
• More than half of all the Earth's inhabitants are concentrated in a 200-kilometer coastal strip.

Big cities are spiritual workshops where the best works of the Universe are created

Le Corbusier

• Population settlement- process

population distribution by

certain territory

Forms of settlement

rural

urban

... in the deltas of the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates, in ancient Judea, India, China. Karnak (Egypt)

Rural settlement

• Africa and Asia
• Forms: farms, villages, towns, hamlets, etc.

Now there are tens of thousands of cities on Earth!

The growth of cities, the increase in their role in society and the spread of urban lifestyle is called

urbanization ( urbs - city .latin )

Urbanization is an important indicator of the level of socio-economic development

This is interesting!

• There is no single concept of “city”:

Netherlands– population of 2 thousand people;

In Iceland, Denmark, Finland, Sweden– a populated area with a population of more than 200 people.

In Canada, Australia– over 1 thousand people

In Switzerland, Malaysia– over 10 thousand people.

In South Korea– over 40 thousand people;

In Russia a city is a populated area that has at least 12 thousand residents , at the same time, 75% of city residents should be engaged in non-agricultural activities.

Features of urbanization

• The highest level of urbanization is typical for developed countries (there are more cities than villages)

Largest cities in the world, 2010

City

Number of people, people

Shanghai

16 348 947

Mumbai

Karachi

13 830 884

13 205 339

Buenos Aires

13 080 026

New Delhi

Istanbul

12 565 901

12 175 592

Manila

11 248 470

Dhaka

Moscow

10 861 172

10 509 592

Sao Paulo

Lagos

10 381 400

Seoul

9 968 455

9 567 665

Kinshasa

8 900 721

Tokyo

8 762 073

Mexico City

8 560 994

• Large cluster of cities agglomeration.
• 1970- there are 3 agglomerations in the world:

Tokyo, New York, Mexico City

Now there are more than 20 largest agglomerations in the world (p. 61 Fig. 27)

Agglomeration – This is a compact territorial grouping of urban and rural settlements, united into a complex local system by diverse connections - labor, production, communal services, cultural and everyday life, as well as the joint use of various resources of a given area.

Largest agglomerations in the world

Moscow

New York - Philadelphia

Seoul

Tokyo

New Delhi

Osaka - Kobe - Kyoto

Shanghai

Manila

Kolkata

Mumbai

Manila

Jakarta

Sao Paulo

Largest agglomerations in the world

Agglomeration

Tokyo

Number of people, people

2010

37 730 064

Mexico City

NY

23 610 441

23 313 036

Seoul

Mumbai

22 692 652

Sao Paulo

21 900 967

Manila

20 831 058

20 654 307

Jakarta

19 231 919

New Delhi

Shanghai

18 916 890

18 572 816

18 013 728

Osaka – Kobe – Kyoto

Cairo

17 409 585

16 429 199

Kolkata

15 644 040

Moscow

14 926 656

Megalopolises of the world

Rhineland

English

Pektian

Chipits

Boswash

San San

Shanan

Tokaido

Vizagmahanagar 2

Nilsky

Xiangguan

Vizagmahanagar 1

Lagib

Jaban

San Rio

La Plata

Megalopolis – This is a group form of settlement,

formed by the accretion of closely located large urban agglomerations.

Megalopolis

Square,

thousand km2

Tokaido (Japan)

North-East "Boswash"

Population,

million people

Chicago-Pittsburgh "Chipitts" (USA)

Southern California "Sansan" (USA)

English(UK)

Rhine (Netherlands - Germany)

The fastest rates of urban population growth are observed in developing countries (the population is driven to cities by landlessness, lack of work in villages)

Features of urbanization

Features of urbanization (rate)

In developing countries, the level of urbanization is low, but the rate is high - countries of Foreign Asia, Africa, Australia and Oceania

Whole world, regions

The whole world

Rates of growth, %

Foreign Europe

Foreign Asia

Africa

North America

Latin America

Australia and Oceania

General features of the urbanization process

• Rapid urban population growth
• Concentration of population and economy in large cities
• “Sprawling” of cities, expansion of their territory

Functions of cities

• Industrial centers
• Cities - ports
• Administrative centers and capital cities
• Scientific centers
• Cities - resorts
• Tourist centers

Levels of urbanization

• According to the level of urbanization, all countries of the world are divided into:
• Highly urbanized (p. 77 fig. 18)
• Mid-urbanized
• Slightly urbanized

• Environmental pollution
• air pollution,
• high noise level,
• electromagnetic radiation,
• concentration of enterprises in a limited area,
• high population density,
• migration processes, etc., are a consequence of urbanization as a form of settlement.

Air pollution

Pollution of the water eco-system

Noise amplification

• In economically developed countries, efforts are being made to regulate the urbanization process.

As a way to solve the problem, super-tall buildings are being built and designed

Knowledge control

• 1.Name the largest megalopolises in the world. In which countries are they located?
• 2. The share of the urban population on the planet is:

A) 1-5%, b) 5-15%, c) 40-55%, d) 75-85%

3. Urbanization is...

• 4. Indicate the areas with the highest and lowest population density:

A) Australia, b) Central America,

C) Europe, central Asia, d) the Atlantic coast of South America, e) northeast of Eurasia

5. Indicate what problems arise during urban growth