Rules you need to know for dictation. How to teach writing dictations without mistakes

How to prepare for a dictation.

Dictations are different. The most popular in elementary school is auditory dictation, when the teacher dictates and the children write.

You often hear indignant cries: “What are they being taught? I come home from work, sit him down to write a dictation, he doesn’t know anything! Error upon error! Why do they give him a “3” (“4”)?” Or: “We wrote this dictation ten times at home, there were no mistakes! And in class I wrote a “2” again!”

First of all, we must remember that in the evening the child gets tired; there is no point (in most cases) in the evenings writing dictations at home. And it’s also important to give the dictation correctly. There is a special technique. “Primary school teacher” is a profession that takes more than one year to obtain. Parents should not try to replace the teacher at home. Better to work together.

Well, when the text of the dictation is well known to the child, written several times at home, then the rare student does not lose self-control in the lesson, because he knows everything, everything worked out for him! In such cases, the child usually writes one thing, but reads exactly what he should have written and does not see his mistakes.

Moreover, an experiment was conducted several years ago when a teacher dictated an unfamiliar, rather simple text, pronouncing each word almost syllable by syllable. As a result, it turned out that the number of errors increased sharply even among well-performing students. And for those who have difficulties with the Russian language, to whom this method of writing a dictation was addressed, errors almost doubled.

In order to write an auditory dictation with a minimum number of errors, the child must master a rational way of writing a dictation.

Quite often in textbooks there is an assignment to prepare for a dictation on this material and a wide variety of material is offered:

individual words, phrases, individual sentences, texts.

A child who has difficulty learning Russian needs parental help. Preparation for the dictation should be rational.

If a child knows that he often writes dictations unsatisfactorily and worries in advance, it is necessary to calm him down, convince him that he will succeed before preparing for the dictation: “He who does nothing makes no mistakes!” On the morning of the dictation day, be sure to encourage your child: “You will succeed!” Sometimes it is precisely the psychological state, the fear of this or that type of work, that does not allow the child to realize his full potential. It is important that the child goes to school calmly, not worried or afraid of the work ahead.

How to prepare for a dictation on this material without overloading your child.

It is important that preparation did no harm.

Methods of preparation depend on the material that is offered.

Individual words.

It can be:

only vocabulary words, words based on learned rules, vocabulary words and words based on learned rules.

Only dictionary words.

Vocabulary words are studied in class, and the child gradually learns them at home. It happens that while a word occurs frequently, the child remembers how it is spelled. But when time passes, this vocabulary dictation comes up, everything is forgotten.

Preparation for a dictation using these vocabulary words is somewhat specific. Of course, different methods are suitable for each child. Those offered helped in the most difficult cases.

Write down (for the child) all the vocabulary words in a column. Before writing a word, you need to read it syllable by syllable and repeat it syllable by syllable 2 - 3 times. Orally form a phrase with each word. Shade all vowels (letters should not show through). Above the shaded vowels, write the missing vowels in a different color (not red or black). If there is a mistake in a word, the child looks for it in the textbook and writes it down next to it.

* Children really like this type of work. On the one hand, such tasks allow you to retain the child’s interest and attention, on the other hand, they help to develop spelling vigilance, reading prognosis, and clarify and expand vocabulary. Shade the consonants. Restore consonants. Repeat everything again with the words in which mistakes were made.

It is advisable to start preparation 2-3 days in advance.

Words based on the learned rules.

First of all, we analyze what rules the words meet. If possible, we select test words and remember the rule diagrams. We group words according to the rules. We write down groups of words. In each group we exclude and then restore vowels, then consonants.

We work in the same way with material containing vocabulary words and words based on learned rules.. But in this case it is necessary to divide the words into these two groups.

Collocations.

Make up a sentence with each phrase. Highlight the main word, pose a question to the dependent word, indicate the ending in the question and in each word of the phrase. Speak word combinations syllable by syllable. The adult reads it fluently, and the child slowly repeats the syllables 2 - 3 times. Write down words in which mistakes were made during pronunciation and analyze their spelling (why this is so and not otherwise). Speak only those words in which mistakes were made. Selectively write down under dictation phrases in which no mistakes were made, and those in which mistakes were made. It is better to take phrases not in the order in which they are located in the textbook. For this assignment, it is better to photocopy the textbook text. Eliminate and then restore vowels, then consonants.

It must be taken into account that preparation for the dictation is part of the homework and usually occurs in the second half of the day. It is better to keep your child's writing to a minimum. You can’t write the same thing several times .

Those adults who believe that if a child makes a mistake in a word, he should write that word at least a few lines are deeply mistaken. The child writes the word correctly at first, and then makes a mistake again, writes incorrectly, but with each new spelling this error is reinforced.

If it is possible to prepare for a dictation on the weekend, then it must be done in the morning.

Sentences and text.

Read the entire sentence. Analyze punctuation marks. Create a sentence outline using punctuation marks.
For example: Yellow, red, brown leaves were flying from the trees.
__ ______ _____ ______, ______, _______ ______. Highlight those words that the child has no doubt about spelling. Separately write down those words whose spelling causes difficulties. Analyze difficult words. Eliminate and then restore vowels, then consonants. Write down in random order (not as in the textbook) those sentences in which difficult words are found.

To successfully write a dictation in class, it is advisable to:

set the child up for success, reassure him, the child should not know the text of the dictation by heart, he should not write the entire text at home, preparation should take place in a calm, friendly environment.

It is very possible that success will not be achieved the first time. In this case, it is necessary to analyze the number of errors. There are usually a little less of them. For several days, repeat those words, phrases and sentences in which the child made mistakes.

Such work on preparing for the dictation should be carried out systematically. Gradually, the child will develop the necessary skills, he will more carefully analyze the spelling of certain words, the child’s spelling vigilance and his linguistic sense will develop.

Dictation is such a scary word for many schoolchildren. It would seem that writing a dictation could be difficult. It turns out that hidden behind this little word is probably the most difficult and frequently used type of literacy test for our schoolchildren.

Dictation is not the most pleasant job, but you can’t do without it. Already from the first grade, schoolchildren write dictations. First alphabetic, then syllabic, and then many different types of dictations appear: selective, explanatory, educational, and control. How to prepare a child for dictation and help him cope with the fear of this work?

Unfortunately, it is impossible to prepare for the dictation in one day. Any dictation is the result of long work and training. Therefore, if you want your child to write dictations correctly, you need to prepare for long work. But don't worry. The wolf is not as scary as it seems. The work, of course, will be long, but not very difficult.

To begin with, it should be noted that the more , the better he copes with this type of work. Therefore, you need to start preparing for dictations by reading books. There are many different exercises that develop a person’s spelling vigilance, i.e. the ability to notice and remember how a word is spelled. A person with spelling vigilance writes words correctly, without thinking about the rules of the language, automatically. At the same time, and is of great importance, which can also be successfully developed through various game exercises.

The skill of writing from dictation must be developed and consolidated. And for this you need to write small dictations on your own at home more often. In this case, it is not at all necessary to buy special collections of dictations; you can use a Russian language textbook. Choose an exercise that the child has not yet completed or has completed a long time ago and has forgotten. And you dictate, and the child writes it down.
Why is it convenient to use a textbook? Because they use words based on studied spellings and sentences of a certain level of complexity. You consolidate knowledge of spelling patterns, vocabulary words and train your child in writing a dictation.

When writing a dictation, an adult first reads the entire text so that the child has an idea of ​​what he will write. If you are not writing text, but just individual sentences, then we read sentence by sentence. Then we read one sentence and start writing it down. At the same time, for 1st - early 2nd grade, it is better to focus the child’s attention on each word: “The first word is Came.” When the child wrote, “The next word is cold.” "The next word is winter. The sentence is over." This way you draw the child’s attention to the fact that words are written separately and “remind” them that they need to put a period at the end of the sentence. In addition, when pronouncing words for first-graders, you need to say them as they are written, and not as we speak. We will dictate: “The cow gives milk. The raven sat on the oak tree.”

When the child has written down all the sentences, you need to check the dictation. You dictate everything from the beginning, and the child checks every letter and word. To help him do this better, you can suggest that the child imagine that this is someone else’s notebook and carefully check each letter.

For students in grades 2-4 there is no need to separate words, but it is advisable for the child to count the words as you read. If there are prepositions and conjunctions, then it should be noted that there are small helper words.
It is important that when writing a dictation. Writing with pronunciation helps to avoid many mistakes and teaches the child to control his work. In grades 2-4, when children are already learning the rules for writing words, it is necessary for the child to explain the spelling of questionable letters and orally select test words.

Perhaps now it seems to you that it is long and difficult. It can be difficult the first 2-3 times. Then the child will learn, get used to it and it will become a habit, which, by the way, is very useful.

Not all words in the Russian language can be checked using rules. There are vocabulary words whose spelling you just need to remember. And there are many such words. I’ll tell you how to memorize vocabulary words next time.
In the meantime, try writing dictations with commentary and the results will not keep you waiting.

In the article we will talk about how to prepare for a dictation in Russian. We will give useful practical advice on how to how to write a good dictation!

Dictations are usually a nightmare for schoolchildren, and not only that. But in fact, there is nothing wrong with dictations if you know how to write them. And then, there are not only control dictations, and also educational dictations. Teachers are required to conduct educational dictations from time to time, so that students learn something, and only then test them with control dictations. But if the teacher doesn’t do this, then you can prepare for the dictation yourself.

How to prepare for a dictation? To do this, you can buy special audio recordings on which the dictations are recorded in mp3 format. And all you need to do is practice. Or, ask someone to play the role of teacher.

In fact, in order to write dictations well, you need to know the Russian language well and know spelling. How to learn to write correctly? In order to be able to write correctly, you need to read a lot; while reading, the correct spelling is recorded in memory, and then it is less likely that you will write with errors. And another good way to remember the correct spelling of words is to read the words syllable by syllable, focusing on each syllable, and it is advisable to do this at least once a week, focusing on complex words. True, they used to advise something simpler, just rewriting the text, that is, reading aloud and writing, also helps.

And also important! during dictation it is not to worry, concentrate and write. This is the second reason why preliminary educational dictations are organized, so that knowledge is consolidated in the educational process (http://ob-uchebe.ru), but at the same time so that the habit of writing under stress is developed. Because in any case, dictation is stressful. And rehearsal will allow you to overcome this state and save students from mistakes that they can make due to stress.

A few tips for writing dictation correctly:

1. Don't get distracted during the dictation. Remove everything unnecessary from the table, turn off the phone, ask your desk neighbors not to disturb you. 90% of all mistakes in dictations are due to inattention, and not because you don’t know something or have forgotten something.
2. Listen to the text the first time and try to determine the style, general structure, etc., this will help you later distribute punctuation marks correctly. The first impression of the text is best laid in the head and this will help you.
3. When you hear a text, you should automatically imagine how it is written. From the first time you hear it, you should think about it.
4. When given time to check, you should first check the spelling and then the punctuation, preferably moving from the end to the beginning, so that the meaning of the text itself does not distract you.
5. When checking, try to read the text as if it does not belong to you, and as if you are reading it for the first time, and if nothing attracts your attention or makes you think, feel free to hand in your work.

By following these tips, you will write a good dictation in Russian. We can only wish you good luck in writing dictations and excellent grades!
If you have any questions, comments or suggestions about the article, be sure to write them in the comments.

If you just want check your literacy or practice a little spelling and punctuation for yourself, pay attention to the collection of online dictations. The selection includes 10 dictations for older schoolchildren and adults. You might also be interested in taking a free spelling test.

You can write dictations and check them directly on the site. Our program is not the only one that checks dictations. But we tried to take into account the experience of our predecessors and improve the quality online dictation.

Our advantages:

• Dictations are voiced by professional announcers. The lyrics are nice to listen to. You won't fall asleep listening to such dictations.
• We tried to do everything so as not to degrade the quality of studio sound at a fairly high file download speed.
• The dictation speed corresponds to the average typing speed. You don't have to constantly press pause in order to have time to type a dictation.
• You can write a dictation in the same window in which the sound is played and the media player is located. So, if you do need to press pause or rewind the recording, you won’t have to switch between windows.
• You can change the font size as you type.
• The first expressive reading of the text and the dictation are in different slides. If you don't want to bother yourself by listening to the entire text, you can simply move on to the next task rather than rewinding a long audio file.
• The program that checks the text identifies and indicates all possible types of errors. If you have not started typing a different text altogether, it will correctly reflect everything that does not coincide with the standard.
• After checking, you will be able to compare your and the source texts in one window. In this case, the original characters will be highlighted that you typed incorrectly or missed.
• You can write a dictation on paper and then check it against the key.

Hello, dear parents. Today you will learn how to teach your child to write dictations correctly. In this article we will look at what can affect a bad result and how you need to prepare for the upcoming work.

Dictation - what is it

Children write dictations so that the teacher checks the assimilation of acquired knowledge in the language, in particular in Russian. There are generally accepted requirements:

• the student’s reproduction of the text read by the teacher in a notebook;
• The child will hear each sentence three times: the first time it is pronounced for familiarization and so that this or that rule arises in memory, the second time for writing, and the third time for checking;
• in order to write a high-quality paper, the student must be able to apply the learned rules in writing, as well as recognize punctuation marks, taking into account the teacher’s intonation;
• after the teacher has finished reading the entire text, the children are given the opportunity to re-read what they have written and make corrections, if any.

Factors influencing poor results

Parents should understand that dictation can become stressful for a child, because children can worry about making the slightest mistakes, but there is a lot of work ahead. However, you need to remember that dictations in the school curriculum are selected taking into account the material covered. Not always, even excellent students fully cope with writing test papers. It is quite possible that your child will receive a bad grade. What could affect this?

1. Features of child psychology. When the question arises of how to teach a child to write a dictation, it is necessary to take into account your child’s predisposition to stressful situations and the ability to overcome them. There are cases when a child, who knows all the rules, is so worried that he is unable to concentrate and makes the most stupid mistakes. In order to prepare your child for the upcoming task, it is necessary to simulate conducting a school dictation at home as often as possible. If it is possible to bring your offspring’s friends, sit them nearby and give them a task similar to the school one. So, once in the lesson, it will be much easier for the child to survive the dictation. In addition, some children worry that they will not cope and will receive a bad grade. Explain to your child that you will not scold or punish him for bad grades.
2. Poor spelling awareness. In order for children to be better able to write dictations, it is necessary to develop this skill. For this purpose, various exercises are performed, for example, tasks in which it is necessary to fill in missing letters or analysis of mistakes made by another child or a mother who wrote an incorrect dictation in advance.
3. Don't forget that not all children write at the same speed. There are known cases of bad grades for dictation due to the fact that the child did not have time to write even half of what the teacher read. If you know that your child does not have good motor skills, you need to train him. Give him home dictations more often. In addition, such children need to be able to instantly apply a rule to words, so as not to waste time thinking about how to spell this or that word correctly.
4. Practice introducing your child to different words, this will allow you to write test papers faster and better. For this purpose, you can allow texts to be rewritten, especially if the child is dealing with an explanatory or spelling dictionary.

Basic methods

In order to do this, it is necessary to pay special attention to studying the rules and acquiring this skill with children from the second to the fourth grade. This period is considered the most favorable for increasing knowledge. If the question arises of how to teach a child to write dictations in grade 2, then you can go in several ways.

1. Practice writing this type of work at home.
2. Give the child additional exercises taking into account the rules being studied.
3. Allow you to rewrite text from a book, preferably one that contains vocabulary words or spellings to be studied.
4. The child should read as often as possible, preferably out loud. Thus, both visual perception and hearing will work.
5. Learn by playing. You can write out rules or vocabulary words on separate cards and hang them around the child’s room. Now ask him the task of explaining what is written on this or that card.
6. Take turns dictating a few sentences to each other, now exchange notebooks and check. The child will definitely enjoy feeling like a teacher.
7. Motivation. It is important to explain to your child why it is so necessary to have literate speech and correct spelling.

Preparing for upcoming work

To understand how to teach a child to write dictations without errors, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of home preparation.

The teacher is warned in advance that a test will be carried out at the next lesson. The teacher also informs about the upcoming topic. If your child is attentive and writes it down, it will be easier to prepare for the upcoming work. If “your student” forgot to do this, then you can scroll through the previous paragraphs of the textbook. Dictations are written either on the last few topics or for the whole semester or year. If you are very worried, you can contact the teacher and clarify which spelling patterns the upcoming dictation will focus on.

When all issues have been resolved, you need to proceed to the following:

• repeat the rules with your child;
• analyze examples on the topic;
• let your child independently select several options with the rule being studied;
• Dictate four to five sentences to the child so that he remembers what type of work he will be dealing with;
• repeat learned vocabulary words;
• give your son or daughter a task similar to those they are given in class after writing the dictation itself;
• now the time has come to conduct a study of the mistakes made by the child and analyze them;
• The task of parents is to pay special attention to moments that are difficult for the child; there is no need to skip them;
• You can also offer to copy a text from literally a few sentences, just choose one that contains spelling patterns known to him;
• when copying, the child must comment on why he writes this way and not otherwise, that is, reproduce the rules out loud;
• Remind your child that the grade may also be reduced for sloppy writing and dirty corrections. Show how you can carefully cross out a mistake in a word with a pencil and write the correct version.

Dictation day

1. While writing, you should not be distracted by extraneous sounds or actions.
2. The child should concentrate only on the teacher.
3. If you listen carefully to the teacher’s pronunciation, you can easily identify in which places it is necessary to place punctuation marks.
4. It must be remembered that the first time the teacher reads so that the children can listen, think about the spelling of this or that word and the placement of signs, and the second time they dictate so that the students can reproduce what they heard on the page of their notebooks.
5. If in doubt, don't look at the next notebook. It is quite possible that your neighbor wrote it wrong, while yours was correct.
6. Don't forget to reread what you wrote. It is not always possible to see a mistake made the first time. If this is noticed, correct it carefully.

Why do we need to work on mistakes?

I'll tell you from personal experience. My son really didn’t like having to write down the mistakes he made and indicate the spelling patterns. He always resisted this, and sometimes did not even want to admit that he needed to do this type of work.

1. Parents must understand that working on mistakes made can improve the quality of thinking and improve the child’s knowledge.
2. If a child repeatedly writes words in which a mistake was made, a motor memory is developed and the chance increases that he will not make it in the same word in the future.
3. It is important that children ask how a word is spelled if they doubt it. Thus, it will definitely stick in their mind.