School Encyclopedia. Features from the life of D.N.

Dmitry Mamin was born on October 25 (November 6, n.s.), 1852, in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant of the then Perm province (now the village of Visim, Sverdlovsk region, near Nizhny Tagil) in the family of a priest. He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for the children of workers.

Mamin's father wanted him to follow in the footsteps of his parents in the future and be a minister of the church. Therefore, in 1866, the parents sent the boy to receive spiritual education at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, where he studied until 1868, and then continued his studies at the Perm Theological Seminary. During these years he participated in the circle of advanced seminarians, was influenced by the ideas of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Herzen. His first creative attempts belong to his stay here.

After the seminary, Dmitry Mamin moved to St. Petersburg in the spring of 1871 and entered the Medical and Surgical Academy at the veterinary department, and then transferred to the medical department.

In 1874, Mamin passed the exams at St. Petersburg University. For about two years he studied at the natural faculty.

In 1876, he moved to the law faculty of the university, but never even finished his course there. Mamin was forced to leave his studies due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health. The young man began to develop tuberculosis. Fortunately, the young body was able to overcome a serious illness.

In his student years, Mamin took up writing short reports and stories for newspapers. The first small stories of Mamin-Sibiryak appeared in print in 1872.

Mamin well described his student years, his first difficult steps in literature, along with acute material need, in his autobiographical novel “Features from the Life of Pepko”, which became not only one of the best, brightest works of the writer, but also perfectly showed his worldview, views and ideas.

In the summer of 1877, Mamin-Sibiryak returned to his parents in the Urals. His father died the following year. The whole burden of caring for the family fell on Dmitry Mamin. In order to educate his brothers and sister, as well as be able to earn money, the family decided to move to Yekaterinburg. Here began a new life for a young writer.

Soon he married Maria Alekseeva, who also became a good literary adviser to him.

During these years, he makes many trips throughout the Urals, studies literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, immerses himself in folk life, communicates with people who have vast life experience.

Two long trips to the capital (1881-82, 1885-86) strengthened the writer's literary ties: he met Korolenko, Zlatovratsky, Goltsev, and others. During these years, he wrote and published many short stories and essays.

In 1881-1882. a series of travel essays "From the Urals to Moscow" appeared, published in the Moscow newspaper "Russian Vedomosti". Then his Ural stories and essays appear in the publications Ustoi, Delo, Vestnik Evropy, Russian Thought, Domestic Notes.

Some of the works of this time were signed with the pseudonym "D. Sibiryak". Adding a pseudonym to his name, the writer quickly gained popularity, and the signature Mamin-Sibiryak remained with him forever.

In these works of the writer, creative motives characteristic of Mamin-Sibiryak begin to be traced: a chic description of the grandiose Ural nature (which is not subject to any other writers), showing its impact on life, human tragedy. In the works of Mamin-Sibiryak, the plot and nature are inseparable, interconnected.

In 1883, Mamin-Sibiryak's first novel, Privalov's Millions, appeared on the pages of the Delo magazine. He worked on it for ten (!) years. The novel was a great success.

In 1884, his second novel, The Mountain Nest, was published in Otechestvennye Zapiski, which cemented the glory of a realist writer for Mamin-Sibiryak.

In 1890, Mamin-Sibiryak divorced his first wife and married a talented actress of the Yekaterinburg Drama Theater M. Abramova. Together with her, he moves forever to St. Petersburg, where the last stage of his life passes.

A year after the move, Abramova dies due to difficult childbirth, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in her father's arms. The death of his wife, whom he loved deeply, shook Mamin-Sibiryak to the core. He suffers a lot, he does not find a place for himself. The writer fell into a deep depression, as evidenced by his letters to his homeland.

Mamin-Sibiryak begins to write a lot again, including for children. So he wrote Alyonushka's Tales (1894-96) for his daughter, which gained great popularity. "Alyonushka's Tales" are full of optimism, bright faith in goodness. "Alyonushka's Tales" forever became a children's classic.

In 1895, the writer published the novel "Bread", as well as the two-volume collection "Ural Stories".

The last major works of the writer are the novels Traits from the Life of Pepko (1894), Shooting Stars (1899) and the story Mumma (1907).

“Is it really possible to be satisfied with one's own life. No, to live a thousand lives, to suffer and rejoice with a thousand hearts - that's where life and real happiness are!, says Mamin in "Features from the Life of Pepko." He wants to live for everyone, to experience everything and feel everything.

At the age of 60, on November 2 (November 15, NS), 1912, Dmitry Nirkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak died in St. Petersburg.

In 2002, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the writer D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, a prize named after him was established in the Urals. The prize is awarded annually on the birthday of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak - November 6

The competition is open to authors whose works continue the literary traditions of classical Russian prose and poetry, and are also associated with the Urals. In addition to the gold medal with the image of Mamin-Sibiryak, each laureate receives $1,000. The chairman of the jury of the award is the Ural writer Vladislav Krapivin.

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BIOGRAPHY of Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak Prepared by the primary school teacher GBOU secondary school No. 349 of the Krasnogvardeisky district of St. Petersburg Pechenkina Tamara Pavlovna

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Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak 10/25/1852 - 11/02/1912 Russian prose writer and playwright

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Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak (real name Mamin) was born in the factory village of Visimo-Shaitan, Perm province, into the family of a factory priest. Father really wanted Dmitry to follow in his footsteps and devote his life to serving God. Dmitry's family was very enlightened, so he received his first education at home. After that, the boy went to the Visim school for the children of workers. The desire of the parents to send the child along a spiritual path led Dmitry in 1866 to the Yekaterinburg Theological School. There he studied for two years, and then moved to the Perm Theological Seminary (until 1872, he did not complete the full course). Dmitry's extraordinary character can be traced already in these years: he becomes a member of the circle of advanced seminarians, studies the ideas of Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Herzen. While studying at the seminary, Dmitry writes his first stories - not too good yet, but already testifying to literary inclinations.

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In 1872, Dmitry entered the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy in the veterinary department. Since 1874, he wrote reports for newspapers on the meetings of scientific societies to earn money. In 1876, without graduating from the academy, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. After studying for a year, he was forced to leave the university due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health. In the summer of 1877 he returned to the Urals to his parents. The following year, his father died, and the whole burden of caring for the family fell on Dmitry. In order to educate his brothers and sister and be able to earn money, he moved to the large cultural center of Yekaterinburg, where he married Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, who became not only his wife and friend, but also an excellent literary adviser. During these years, the future writer made many trips around the Urals, studied literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, and got acquainted with folk life.

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Shortly thereafter, travel essays are published under the general title "From the Urals to Moscow." For the first time they are printed by the newspaper Russkiye Vedomosti. The success of Mamin-Sibiryak's prose draws the attention of the publications Delo, Ustoi, Russkaya Mysl, Vestnik Evropy, Otechestvennye Zapiski to it. Then Mamin becomes Mamin-Siberian. He often signed his works with the literary pseudonym D. Sibiryak, which Dmitry decided to add to his real name. After the publication of these works, the main motives of Mamin-Sibiryak's work become noticeable: a unique description of the nature of the Urals, its influence on human life. During this period, Mamin-Sibirian traveled a lot around the Urals, carefully studying the economy, history, and ethnography of the region. Communication with local residents, immersion in the original life of the common people provides a huge material for works.

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In 1883, the writer completed work on his first novel from factory life in the Urals, "Privalov's Millions", which was created for ten whole years. The novel first appeared in Delo magazine and received great acclaim. The following year, the novel Mountain Nest is published on the pages of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. This work brought Mamin-Sibiryak fame as a talented realist writer. Scene from the play "Privalovsky millions"

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In 1890 he divorced his first wife, married an artist of the Yekaterinburg Drama Theater Maria Abramova and moved to St. Petersburg. A year later, Abramova died, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shaken by this death. This tragedy was a very big shock for the writer, with which he could not fully cope until his death. Deep depression was reflected in the letters that Mamin-Sibiryak sends to his relatives during this period.

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Nevertheless, the writer overcomes the shock of the loss and gives maximum attention to his daughter. Creativity at this time is very fruitful, many works for children appear. The cycle of fairy tales "Alyonushka's Tales", written by Mamin-Sibiryak for his daughter, has become one of the best examples of his work. Animals, birds, fish, insects, plants and toys live and talk merrily in them. For example: Komar Komarovich - a long nose, Shaggy Misha - a short tail, Brave Hare - long ears - slanting eyes - a short tail, Sparrow Vorobeich and Ruff Ershovich. Talking about the funny adventures of animals and toys, the author skillfully combines fascinating content with useful information, kids learn to observe life, they develop feelings of camaraderie and friendship, modesty and hard work.

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Mamin-Sibiryak took children's literature very seriously. He called the children's book "a living thread" that takes the child out of the nursery and connects with the wide world of life. Addressing writers, his contemporaries, Mamin-Sibiryak urged them to truthfully tell children about the life and work of the people. He often said that only an honest and sincere book is useful. The works of Mamin-Sibiryak for older children tell about the life and work of workers and peasants of the Urals and Siberia, about the fate of children working in factories, crafts and mines, about young travelers along the picturesque slopes of the Ural Mountains. A wide and varied world, the life of man and nature are revealed to young readers in these works. Readers highly appreciated the story of Mamin-Sibiryak "Emelya the hunter", marked in 1884 with an international prize.

Russian literature of the 19th century

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak

Biography

Mamin-Sibiryak (real name - Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 - 1912), Russian prose writer, playwright.

Born on October 25 (November 6, NS) in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant of the Perm province in the family of a factory priest. He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for the children of workers. In 1866 he was admitted to the Yekaterinburg Theological School, where he studied until 1868, then continued his education at the Perm Theological Seminary (until 1872). During these years, he participated in the circle of advanced seminarians, was influenced by the ideas of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Herzen. In 1872, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy at the veterinary department. In 1876, without completing the course of the academy, he transferred to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, but after studying for a year, he was forced to leave it due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health (tuberculosis began). In the summer of 1877 he returned to the Urals, to his parents. The following year, his father died, and the whole burden of caring for the family fell on Mamin-Sibiryak. In order to educate his brothers and sister and be able to earn money, it was decided to move to a large cultural center. Yekaterinburg was chosen, where his new life begins. Here he married Maria Alekseeva, who became not only a wife-friend, but also an excellent literary adviser. During these years, he made many trips around the Urals, studied literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, immersed himself in the life of the people, communicated with "simple people" who had vast life experience. The first fruit of this study was a series of travel essays "From the Urals to Moscow" (1881 - 1882), published in the Moscow newspaper "Russian Vedomosti"; then in the magazine "Delo" his essays "In the Stones", stories ("At the turn of Asia", "In thin souls", etc.) were published. Many were signed with the pseudonym "D. Sibiryak". The first major work of the writer was the novel "Privalovsky Millions" (1883), which was published throughout the year in the magazine "Delo" and was a great success. two long trips to the capital (1881 - 1882, 1885 - 1886) strengthened the literary ties of the writer: he met Korolenko, Zlatovratsky, Goltsev, etc. During these years he wrote and published many short stories, essays. with his first wife and marries a talented artist of the Yekaterinburg Drama Theater M. Abramova and moves to St. Petersburg, where he passes the last stage of his life (1891 - 1912).A year later, Abramova dies, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shocked by this death. The rise of the social movement in the early 1890s contributed to the emergence of such works as the novels "Gold" (1892), the story "Ohony's eyebrows" (1892). The works of Mamin-Sibiryak for children gained wide popularity: "Alenushka's Tales" (1894 - 1896), "The Gray Neck" (1893), "Across the Urals" (1899), etc. The last major works of the writer are the novels "Features from the Life of Pepko" (1894), "Shooting Stars" (1899) and the short story "Mumma" (1907). At the age of 60, on November 2 (15 n.s.), 1912, Mamin-Sibiryak died in St. Petersburg.

Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich (1852-1912) - Russian writer, playwright. Dmitry Mamin (Mamin-Sibiryak - pseudonym) was born on October 25 (November 6), 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant of the Perm province. His father was a factory chaplain and gave his son his primary education at home. Then Mamin-Sibiryak went to the Visim school, where he studied with the children of workers. He studied from 1866 for 2 years at the Yekaterinburg Theological School. He entered the Perm Theological Seminary in 1872. During his studies, he actively takes part in the activities of the circle of advanced seminarians, is under the influence of the works of Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Herzen.

Mamin-Sibiryak traveled to St. Petersburg in 1872 to study as a veterinarian at the Medical and Surgical Academy. Without completing his studies, in 1876 he was transferred to the legal department of St. Petersburg University, which, after a year of study, was forced to leave due to financial difficulties and health problems. Mamin-Sibiryak fell ill with tuberculosis.

In the summer of 1877 he moved to his family in the Urals. A year later, the father dies. So that his sister and brothers could study, Mamin-Sibiryak and his family go to Yekaterinburg. Soon he meets Maria Alekseeva and marries her.

He begins to travel around the Urals, researching literature on the local economy, history and ethnography. The first results of the studies were published under the title "From the Urals to Moscow" (1881-1882) in Moscow in the periodical "Russian Vedomosti". The essays “In the Stones” and some stories were published in the magazine “Delo”, in which the first novel “Privalovsky Millions” was also published in 1883, which aroused great interest among readers.

After a divorce in 1890, he marries M. Abramova and remains to live in St. Petersburg. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak died on November 2 (15), 1912.

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin, whom readers know by the surname Mamin-Sibiryak, was born on November 6, 1852 in the village of Visim in the Perm province in the family of a hereditary priest Narkisa Mamin. The writer recalled his childhood reverently: “There was not a single bitter memory, not a single childish reproach,” and in his numerous letters to his parents, the words “Mom” and “Dad” were written with a capital letter.

But in adulthood, Dmitry was destined for terrible trials of poverty, serious illnesses, dozens of unpublished works and drama in his personal life ...

“Wrote 100 volumes, published 36”

While studying at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, Dmitry Mamin practically starved. About that period he will write later: “the school did not give anything to my mind, did not read a single book ... and did not acquire any knowledge.”

Then there was a study at the veterinary department of the Medical and Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg. Without completing his studies, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. In order to somehow feed himself, he wrote to newspapers, earned money by tutoring. "I spent three years wandering 12 hours a day in private lessons." The writer recalled the life of that period as a difficult period - sometimes he did not have food for several days, his clothes were old, full of holes. Of course, constant malnutrition and hypothermia made themselves felt - Dmitry fell ill with a severe form of tuberculosis. Due to illness, he quits his studies and leaves for the Urals in the city of Nizhnyaya Salda, where his parents had moved by that time. But soon a new misfortune struck the future writer - his father passed away from a serious illness. And Dmitry takes care of all the maintenance of his mother and sister.

Trying to earn money, he literally does not get up from the table and writes, writes articles, essays, novels. It was the most difficult period that not everyone could survive - for 9 years. Mamin sent dozens of his works to various editorial offices and was refused everywhere. “It will be typed into 100 volumes, but only 36 have been published,” he later admitted. The author Dmitry Sibiryak signed - then everything that was beyond the Ural Mountains was considered Siberia. And under the novels, the writer put the signature Mamin-Sibiryak. Unlike other writers, Mamin-Sibiryak mastered almost all literary genres: novel, essay, story, short story, fairy tale, legend.

It was not until 1881 that the Russkiye Vedomosti newspaper in Moscow finally published a series of essays “from the Urals to Moscow”. Later, essays about the Ural land and the novel "Privalovsky Millions" were published in the magazine "Delo" of St. Petersburg.

M. Gorky, D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, N. D. Teleshov and I. A. Bunin. Yalta, 1902. Neva magazine, No. 49, 1914, p. 947.

"I owe her too much"

By the way, he finished this novel in September 1883 in the house Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, with whom the writer lived in a civil marriage from 1878 to 1891. Narodnik Sergeev from Nizhny Tagil recalled that she was one of the most educated women in the Urals at that time, spoke several foreign languages, was a good literary editor, and played the piano. Maria Yakimovna was older than Mamin-Sibiryak and left her husband for the sake of the young writer, even though she had three children. She edited the works of Dmitry, sometimes even rewriting entire pieces anew and did not let him fall into melancholy due to the fact that the novels were not published.

Dmitry in one of the letters will write to his mother: “I owe too much to Maria Yakimovna in everything, and in my stories a good half belongs to her”, “she is always ready to give the last to help another”.

Thanks to Alekseeva, Dmitry Narkisovich began to publish more actively over time, managed to save up for a house in the center of Yekaterinburg for his mother and sister. Major works "Bread", "Mountain Nest", "Gold", "Three Ends" were published. In the novel "Three Ends" Mamin-Sibiryak described all the hardships of the life of factory workers in the Urals in the first decade after the abolition of serfdom. Classic Chekhov will say about the style of Mamin-Sibiryak: “Mamin’s words are all real, but he himself speaks them and does not know others.”

And yet, for the public, the writer for many years was a "talented provincial" and nothing more. His novels never became, in modern terms, bestsellers, unlike the works of his colleagues. This incredibly offended Mamin-Sibiryak, in 1889 he complained to a friend in a letter that he “gave them a whole region with people, nature and all the riches, and they don’t even look at my gift.” Metropolitan criticism point-blank did not notice his works, which extremely depressed the writer. He became depressed and drank.

Maria Moritsovna Heinrich-Abramova. Source: Public Domain

Bright comet of happiness

But further into the life of Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak comes not just love - passion. A 40-year-old writer meets a 25-year-old actress from St. Petersburg Maria Moritsevna Heinrich-Abramova and falls in love with her. But their romance took place in the most difficult conditions - firstly, the husband does not give Maria a divorce, secondly, all relatives and friends dissuade Dmitry Narkisovich from this union, thirdly, the writer is tormented by a wild sense of guilt before Yakimova, who put their family life on the altar Life is literally everything... Fourthly, Abramova is not allowed to play because of gossip...

As a result, Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak and Maria Abramova leave for St. Petersburg. About that period, Dmitry Narkisovich will write to one of his friends that there were “15 months of absolute happiness” in his life. On March 20, 1892, the writer's lover gives birth to a girl. The child comes at a huge price - Maria Moritsevna died the day after giving birth. Mamin-Sibiryak will write to his mother: “... happiness flashed like a bright comet, leaving a heavy and bitter aftertaste ... Sad, hard, lonely. Our girl is in our arms Elena all my happiness." At that time, Dmitry Narkisovich almost committed suicide, started drinking again, almost lost his mind. In a letter to his sister, he says: “I have one thought about Marusya ... I go for a walk in order to talk loudly with Marusya.”

Stories for Alyonushka

The only thing that keeps him on the ground is his daughter with cerebral palsy, whom he calls Alyonushka. The nanny helps the girl to take care of, "Aunt Olya" - subsequently Olga Frantsevna Guvale will become the wife of Mamin-Sibiryak.

Sitting by his daughter's bed, the writer tells her stories. So there was a cycle of works for children "Alyonushka's Tales", published in 1896. Mamin-Sibiryak says: “This is my favorite book. It was written by love itself.

Unfortunately, Dmitry Narkisovich had to spend a lot of effort to achieve paternity rights. After all, the girl was listed as "the illegitimate daughter of the petty bourgeois Abramova."

And only many years later, thanks to the great efforts of the writer's wife Olga Frantsevna, as a result, official documents were received.

The last period of the writer's life was incredibly difficult. One by one, his writer friends die Anton Chekhov, Gleb Uspensky, Konstantin Stanyukovich, Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky. Mamin-Sibiryak himself is practically not printed, he is in poverty. In 1910, his beloved mother died. In 1911, the writer suffers a cerebral hemorrhage, he is paralyzed. In the summer of 1912, Mamin-Sibiryak fell ill with pleurisy of the lungs. The "singer of the Urals" passed away in November 1912 in St. Petersburg. Two years later, his beloved daughter Alyonushka will die of tuberculosis.

The biography of Mamin-Sibiryak is full of tragic moments, although they did not affect his work in any way.

The writer was born on 25.10 (06.11), 1852 at the Visimo-Shaitansky plant (Urals) in the family of a parish priest named Mamin.

Education

The family was very intelligent, and Dmitry Narkisovich received a good home education, which he continued at the Visim school, and then at the Theological School of Yekaterinburg and the Seminary of Perm.

It was at this time that the young man began to understand that the work of a priest was not for him. From Perm, he transferred to St. Petersburg, first to the Medical and Surgical Academy (he studied at the Department of Veterinary Medicine, and then at the General Surgery Department), and then to St. Petersburg University, to the Faculty of Natural Sciences, and later to the Faculty of Law. It was a real search for himself, the future writer tried to understand what he was really interested in).

First marriage and early work

A year later, due to a sharp deterioration in health (the writer struggled with tuberculosis all his life), Dmitry Narkisovich returned to his parents in the Urals.

After the death of his father, he became the main breadwinner of the family (there were 2 younger brothers and a sister). At the same time, he married Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, who became his main assistant and adviser in his first literary experiments.

They settled in Yekaterinburg, and in 1880 Mamin-Sibiryak began to write. He drew inspiration from trips to his native Urals. He also often visited St. Petersburg, where he worked with magazine editors.

personal drama

In 1890, the writer filed for divorce from his first wife and married again to actress Maria Abramova. The marriage was short-lived: Maria died in childbirth, leaving her daughter from her first marriage, sick with chorea, in her husband's arms.

The writer for a long time sought custody of Elena (or Alyonushka, as she was called in the family). In a brief biography of Mamin-Sibiryak for children, it is mentioned that he dedicated a whole cycle of works “Alyonushka's Tales” to her and, having completed the adoption procedure, raised her as his own daughter.

It should be noted that the tragic death of his wife led the writer into a deep depression. It was literary work, work on fairy tales that helped him survive the tragic period and not break.

Bibliography

In the period from 1876 to 1912, the writer published more than 15 novels and about 100 stories, essays and novellas (the last major work was published in 1907). At the same time, he collaborated a lot with such famous writers as V. G. Korolenko, N. N. Zlatovratsky. His most famous works are now being studied by children in the 3rd grade.

Last years

In the past few years, the writer was seriously ill. He survived a stroke, paralysis, suffered pleurisy. The writer died in 1912 in St. Petersburg, where he was buried in one of the cemeteries of the Northern capital. His adopted daughter did not long outlive her father. She died of tuberculosis in 1914.

Other biography options

• The whole life of the writer was somehow connected with the Urals. That is why in 2002 a literary prize named after him was established, which is awarded to writers writing about the Urals.
• The writer's brother was a fairly well-known politician and even became a deputy of the II State Duma.
• The writer did not have a higher education: he never graduated from medical or law faculties.
• Mamin the Sibiryak had a very interesting hobby: he collected unusual surnames.