Scarlet sails nautical terms. a brief dictionary of ship terms in pictures
The upper luff of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower luff is stretched along the boom with a mizzen sheet; 2) the lower straight sail, placed on the begin yard of the mizzen mast.
The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spar, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen, in addition to the oblique sail, has straight sails. Then the yard will be called “begin-ray”, and the word “cruise” will be added to the parts of the spar located above the top platform and on the topmasts.
- ) A ship anchored at the entrance to a roadstead, harbor or canal. Designed to perform guard duties, regulate and record the movement of floating objects and monitor their compliance with customs, quarantine, raid and other rules.
- ) A post on shore or on a ship to monitor fire safety in the port area.
- ) A non-self-propelled vessel with living quarters, intended for temporary or permanent accommodation of geological parties, dredger crews, workers of floating docks and workshops, for accommodation of ship crews during inter-navigation or repair periods.
- Brandskugel(from German. Brand- fire, German Kugel- core) - an incendiary projectile for naval smoothbore artillery. It consisted of a hollow cast-iron core with holes, filled with an incendiary composition. Used from the mid-18th to the second half of the 19th century.
- Bras- running rigging gear used to rotate the yard in a horizontal plane (throw the yard).
- Windlass- the machine for lifting the anchor, unlike the capstan, has a horizontal shaft.
- Braid pennant- a wide short pennant raised on the mainmast by commanders of formations, divisions and commanders of ship detachments.
- Brig- a two-masted sailing ship with straight sails. Used for patrol, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament 10-24 guns. Crew up to 120 people.
- Foreman- military rank, average between colonel and general. In Russia it was introduced by Peter I, abolished by Emperor Paul I.
- Brigantine(Italian brigantino): 1) Two-masted sailing ship of the 18th -19th centuries. with straight sails on the front (foresail) mast and with oblique sails on the rear (mainsail) mast. Armament: 6-8 guns. 2) In the Russian fleet of the 18th century. - a sailing and rowing vessel for transporting goods and troops.
- Battleship- a ship of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries with powerful artillery weapons and strong armor protection. Coastal defense battleships were intended for combat operations in coastal areas. The squadron battleship was intended for naval combat as part of a squadron as the main striking force of the Fleet.
- Throwing end- a line that has at one end a canvas bag (weight) filled with sand and braided on top. Using the throwing end, mooring ropes are fed to the pier (or from the pier to the ship). Nowadays usually called ejection.
- Brukanets- a sleeve made of dense fabric (canvas, tarpaulin) covering the mast in the deck area. The upper part of the trouser is attached to the mast with a yoke or cable clamp, the lower part is nailed to the deck. The purpose of the trouser is to prevent water flowing down the mast during rain from entering the hold.
- Broching- sharp turns (throws) of the yacht to windward, uncontrollable.
- Yoke- a flat metal ring used for attaching rigging parts to spar trees.
- Yoke with butts- a steel ring with bosses having holes, put on (stuffed) onto a mast or yard to strengthen it with guys or to connect the components (mast, yard).
- Buyrep- a cable attached to an anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (buoy), which indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.
- Tow- 1) A cable with which ships are towed; 2) A tugboat designed to tow other ships.
- Towed mine- a type of mine weapon that was used at the end of the 19th century. Unlike barrage mines (bottom, anchor, floating, etc.), a towed mine was a weapon of active attack - it was covertly (during the dark) delivered to an enemy ship using a small vessel (mine boat, destroyer), which, maneuvering , brought it under the hull of the attacked ship, and was detonated using an electric fuse.
- Bowline- a tackle used to pull back the windward side luff of the lower straight sail.
- Bowsprit- a spar, mounted on the bow of the ship in the center plane horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane. The standing rigging of the topmasts of the front mast, as well as the rigging of the oblique sails - jibs, is attached to the bowsprit.
- Bull-proud- tackle of the running rigging of a ship, with the help of which, when retracting the sails, the lower luff of the square sail is pulled to the yard.
IN
- Guys(Dutch want) - standing ship rigging gear. They are made of steel or hemp cable and serve to strengthen the mast, acting as guys to the side.
- Vant-putens- iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached externally to the side of the ship, and the upper end is laid behind the lower dead eyes. Not to be confused with puttens shrouds.
- Water backstays- rigging of the standing rigging of the bowsprit, securing it in a horizontal plane, going to both sides of the vessel.
- Waterways- thick wooden deck beams running along the sides along the entire ship. Serve for longitudinal fastening of the vessel and water drainage. On modern ships, there is a gutter running along the upper deck along the sides, through which water flows overboard through the scuppers.
- Water-wooling- fastening the bowsprit with the stem. In the old sailing fleet, cable or chain sails were made. On modern sailing ships they are replaced by iron yokes and brackets.
- Waterline (English) waterline ) - line of contact between the calm water surface and the hull of a floating vessel.
- Water stays- standing bowsprit rigging holding it from below.
- Whaleboat (Dutch walboot)- a narrow long boat with a sharp bow and stern. The name comes from the original type of boat used by whalers.
- Verp- an auxiliary ship anchor of less mass than a main anchor, used to refloat a vessel by transporting it on boats.
- Anchor spindle- a massive rod, to the lower part of which the horns of an Admiralty anchor or retractable claws are attached.
- Shipyard (Dutch werft)- place where ships are built.
- Take the reefs- reduce the area of the sail: rolling it up from the bottom and tying the rolled part with reef pins on the fore and aft sails; picking up the sail up and grabbing it with reef lines to the rail on the yard line near the straight lines.
- Windjammer (Dutch vind jamer)- “wind squeezer”. A sailboat that is a development of tea clippers. It absorbed all the best achievements of technology of the 19th-20th centuries: it had a steel hull with characteristic contours and a steel spar. According to the type of sailing rig, a barque or ship. The number of tiers of sails is up to seven. The number of masts is from five to seven. It successfully competed with steamships until the 30s of the 20th century. Many windjammers are still in use today. One of them is the training sailing ship barque “Sedov”.
- Displacement- the weight of the ship in tons, that is, the amount of water displaced by the floating ship; characteristics of the vessel's dimensions.
- Select cable slack- tighten the tackle so that it does not sag.
- Vyblenki- pieces of thin cable tied across the cables and acting as steps when climbing the cables to the masts and topmasts.
- Throwaway- a conductor (30-50 m long) with a load at one end, for supplying mooring lines to another vessel or to the pier manually.
- Vymbovka- a wooden lever used to rotate the spire manually.
- Pennant (Dutch wimpel)- a long narrow flag with braids, hoisted on the mast of a warship on campaign.
- Shot- a horizontal spar suspended above the water perpendicular to the side of the ship. The shot is intended for securing boats, as well as for boarding ship crew members into boats.
G
Gemam- sailing-rowing frigate of the Swedish fleet. Armament: 18-32 guns.
Longsaling- two wooden longitudinal beams attached to the bottom of the mast top or topmast and connected to each other with spreaders and chiks. Serve as the basis of mars or salinga.
Lapp- a cable based between blocks or deadeyes.
Patch- a device for temporary repair of damage in the underwater part of the ship’s hull. It could be made from several layers of waterproof impregnated canvas or from several layers of boards with a canvas lining.
Rybin- wooden boards made of slats, which are laid on the bottom of the boat in order to protect the skin from damage by feet.
Top- the upper end of any vertical spar, such as a mast, topmast, flagpole.
A- the literal meaning of the Alpha flag in the International Code of Signals. It is written the same in Russian and Latin. The signal of this flag says: "I have a diver down; stay away from me and follow at low speed." A diver's job at the bottom is difficult and dangerous, so treat this signal with understanding.ABGALDYR. A short piece of chain or cable with a hook (hook) at the end or an iron rod with a handle and also a hook. Used for working with the anchor chain (pulling it along the deck, pulling it out of the chain box, and so on). In addition, the name a b a l d y r has a tackle for stretching the upper luff of the lower luff (under-lisel) along the yard. Don't get confused. Imagine what will happen if you start stretching the under-lisel with a chain hook and a hook!
ANKEROK. Not a single maritime dictionary can do without this word. And everywhere it is reported that this is a small flat barrel for storing drinking water. But almost nowhere is it written that anchors were the favorite utensils of pirates and other sea vagabonds. These ill-mannered individuals, throwing back their heads, drank rum straight from the anchors. Drinking rum is very harmful, so the old-style pirates (one-legged, one-eyed and with crooked cutlass) have disappeared from the seas. Nowadays, modern pirates are found - on fast motorized ships and with machine guns. But they, according to rumors, do not abuse rum. Firstly, rum is not what it used to be, and secondly, today's gentlemen of fortune adhere to the principle: don't drink at work.
APPARELTS- a composite platform designed for the entry of various vehicles independently or with the help of special tractors from the shore onto one of the decks of the ship.
BACKPEAK. The outermost aft compartment, right next to the sternpost. Typically used to load ballast in the stern. It is not difficult to guess that, in addition to the after peak, the ship also has a fore and aft.
APA (Advance Provisioning Allowance)) - a deposit paid when renting a yacht in advance, before the yacht goes to sea. At the end of the charter, all actual expenses as per the captain's account will be deducted from the APA deposit. Unspent funds are returned, and for overspending, in turn, an additional payment is made.
B
B The literal meaning of the MSS Bravo flag (in the Latin alphabet the letter B). Signal meaning: “I am loading, unloading, or have dangerous cargo on board.” In short, don't strike any matches nearby. Otherwise, before you have time to sneeze, no other signals will be needed.HOOK. A small pole with an iron tip attached, on which, in addition to the tip, there is also a hook. The gaff is used to push or hold a vessel when leaving or approaching a pier or another vessel. And also for pulling out any lost objects from the bottom. Slava Vorobiev once caught even sunken glasses with a hook, although it was very difficult.
BACKBOARD The left side of the ship. In order not to delay the matter until the letter Ш, let's say right away: the starboard side is called starboard. Do not forget that the ship carries a red light on the backboard, and a green light on the starboard.
BOATSWAIN. Translated from Dutch - “ship man”. That is, the one who is responsible for the entire economy of the ship: for the serviceability of the hull, spars, rigging, sails, and so on. The boatswain is in charge of anchor, mooring, towing devices, life-saving equipment, and special property on fishing vessels. The boatswain distributes work among the sailors and teaches sailor skills to newcomers and trainees. Good boatswains often master such subtleties of ship knowledge and work that captains can envy them.
BUOY. Floating barrel (or ball, or other hollow device). It is installed at anchor and is usually used to protect hazards in open sea areas (shoals, sunken ships, etc.). Depending on their tasks, buoys have different colors. Sometimes they are equipped with devices for lighting, fog signals and various decals.
The small buoy is called a buoy. Buoys, for example, protect permitted swimming areas near beaches. Getting behind the buoys is not recommended, even if you are a record holder in swimming.
COMPASS
1. (French boussole), a geodetic instrument for measuring horizontal angles between the magnetic meridian and the direction to any object. The main parts of the lens are a rotating magnetic needle, a ring with degree divisions, and diopters or an optical tube for pointing at an object. B. is used when carrying out topographic and geodetic work, to orient the tablet and determine the declination of the magnetic needle, and perform topographic reference to elements of the battle formation of troops. To control artillery fire, target designation, study the terrain and targets, and also for observation during shooting, an artillery gun is used (Fig.), which can be used from behind cover. For surveying surveys and when orienting mine workings that are inaccessible for other surveys, suspended boreholes are used; more accurate B. - box-shaped, mirror, autocollimation.
2., separates Simushir Island from the Black Brothers Islands and Broughton Islands. Connects the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean. One of the largest straits of the Kuril ridge. Of the total cross-sections of all straits of the Kuril Islands, 43.3% falls on this strait.
The length is about 30 km. Minimum width 68 km. The maximum depth is 2225 m. The coast is steep and rocky.
The salinity of the water in the strait ranges from 33.1 to 34.5 ppm. The cross-sectional area of the strait is 83.83 km?.
In the strait there is a sandbank with a depth of about 515 m. Constant currents at depth flow from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Pacific Ocean, and on the surface in the opposite direction.
The average tide along the banks of the strait is 1.0 m.
The strait was named by the French navigator Jean-François de La Pérouse in 1787 after the frigate Boussole, on which he traveled.
The shores of the strait are not inhabited. The strait is located in the waters of the Sakhalin region.
B
IN. The literal meaning of the Whiskey MCC flag. It would be more logical to call it “Whisky”, but this is an English word, and the English have eternal confusion between the sounds “v” and “u”. Remember the book about Sherlock Holmes, there is either “Dr. Watson” or “Dr. Watson”. In the Latin version, the flag is designated by the letter W. It means: “I need medical attention.” The ship's gnome Motya once remembered the "old sailor's proverb": "If you drink a lot of whiskey, pick up Whiskey in the morning." But, of course, this is a joke that Motya came up with himself. Moreover, in the old days signal flags had other meanings.WATCH. Duty on board the ship and shore stations. Typically, a ship's day is divided into six watches, four hours each. Among them, the most difficult is “dog watch,” which lasts from midnight to four o’clock, when you really want to sleep. Just try to sleep while on watch...
DISPLACEMENT OF THE VESSEL. The amount of water that is displaced by a ship that is afloat. And it displaces exactly as many tons and kilograms as it weighs itself - according to the well-known law of Archimedes. In other words, this is the weight that the ship has. Of course, the displacement of an empty and loaded vessel is different. The total displacement is the sum of the empty vessel's displacement and the deadweight (see "Carrying capacity").
Distinguish volumetric And massive displacement. According to the load state of the ship, they distinguish standard, normal, full,largest, empty displacement.
For submarines there are underwater displacement and surface displacement.
You can conduct an experiment to determine your own displacement. To do this, fill the bathtub to the very brim and climb into it so that only your head sticks out (don't choke!). The water that spills over the edge will be equal to your displacement when you swim. True, it is difficult to collect this water from the floor for weighing. Also beware that the experience will be interrupted by parents who are not inclined to sea romance.
PENNANT. A long narrow flag with braids or a triangular shape. Pennants have different colors and different purposes. In the navy, for example, a pennant raised on a ship means that the ship is ready to carry out its mission. That is, he takes part in the campaign. Therefore, if they say that there were twenty pennants in a battle or campaign, it means that twenty ships took part there.
There are also pennants of officials, shipping companies, various departments and organizations. Don't forget that there are pennants in the MCC too.
G
G. The letter meaning of the MCC "Golf" flag (the Latin designation is the letter G). Flag signal: "I need a pilot." But if this flag is raised by a fishing vessel in the fishing area, it indicates that the vessel is choosing nets. Don't get confused!HARBOR. Part of the roadstead, more or less protected from wind and waves. The harbor must be deep enough to allow ships to moor close to the shore.
HACKBOARD. The upper (usually rounded) part of the stern end of the ship. On ancient ships, the hookboard was decorated with carvings and sometimes sculptures. Faceted ship lanterns were also fixed there - also very beautiful.
latrine. Toilet on the ship. On sailing ships, the latrine is the bow overhang where the decoration was installed. The place is beautiful, but it was there that the establishment where sailors ran for urgent business was located.
HARPOON. Weapons for hunting sea animals. A spear, spear or javelin on a long line. Harpoons were thrown by hand or fired from a harpoon cannon. The weakly reinforced tip got stuck in the victim, was torn off the shaft, and it floated up - indicating the place where the unfortunate whale or dolphin dived. It’s good that such hunting is increasingly being banned in different countries. Let's hope that soon harpoons will be preserved only in maritime museums.
Vessel CAPACITY. This is the same mass of cargo that the ship is designed to transport. There is a distinction between total load capacity and net load capacity. The full one is called "deadweight" (not to be confused with "deadwood"). This is absolutely all the cargo (including people) that the ship can accept. And clean (or useful) cargo includes what the ship transports from port to port: goods, passengers, supplies of water and food for them. On fishing vessels this is caught fish and other marine prey...
D
D. The literal meaning of the MSS "Delta" flag. The Latin designation is the letter D. The signal: “Stay away from me; I have difficulty managing.” In short, it costs you more to approach a ship with such a flag. It will not listen to the steering wheel, and then it and you may need the “November” and “Charlie” flags.ship propulsion. A device by which a vessel moves by pushing off the water. These are a propeller, paddle wheels, a water jet device, and so on. Please do not confuse the propeller with the engine. The engine is the machine that makes the propellers and wheels turn and spit out water from the jet device.
It turns out that the propeller of a sailing ship is the sail, and the engine is the wind.
DREK. This is sometimes the name of a small Admiralty anchor, which is used on boats.
DYMSEL. Sounds like the name of a sail. But in reality it is a canvas shield. It is placed in front of the galley funnel when the ship is sailing against the wind. The smoke separator prevents smoke from spreading across the deck.
TRIM
Many people know what a roll is. This is when the ship tilts to port or starboard. But the tilt of the ship towards the bow or stern is called trim. The word is difficult, “scientific,” but it is explained simply.
E
E(and also E) - the literal meaning of the MSS "Eco" flag. The Latin designation is the letter E. The signal means: “I am changing my course to the right.” Very useful in tight harbors, where ships need to know about each other: who is going where."EGOR, RIP OFF YOUR HAT". According to one reputable maritime dictionary, this is what Caspian sailors call the north-east wind. However, the dictionary was published in 1939; since then, perhaps, customs in the Caspian Sea have changed. But the Nord-Easterns remained the same.
Yo
Yo. There is no flag corresponding to the letter E in the MCC.RUFF. Square iron nail with serrated edges. It is used in the construction of wooden ships; it sits very firmly in the wood.
AND
AND Russian letter designation of the MSS flag "Vikta". The Latin letter of this flag is V. In this case, the Russian and Latin letters do not match. The fact is that the Latin alphabet has two letters that correspond to the Russian V. These are W and V. But foreigners do not have the letter Z. Hence the difference. The signal of the Vikta flag indicates some kind of trouble: “I need help.” Which one exactly will be clarified later.GUM. This is not at all what you think, not an elastic band for training your jaws and blowing bubbles. This is a lump of tow wrapped in a rag. Using chewing gum, they renew the old paint of a ship: dip the chewing gum in the paint and rub it into the place that needs to be renewed.
WATCH MAGAZINE. A book in which on warships all events occurring on the ship are regularly and in order recorded. This is a very important document. There are similar logs on civilian ships, but they are called differently - ship logs. In addition, there are special journals on ships and ships where data on observations of machines, instruments and navigational conditions are recorded: compass journal, chronometric journal, engine log, navigation log, and so on...
Z
Z. (Latin letter Z). MSS Zulu flag designation. The signal says, "I need a tug boat." And fishing vessels in the fishing area raise this flag when they sweep out their nets.GREEN BEAM. A very beautiful phenomenon in the atmosphere. When the sun disappears below the horizon, it sometimes throws a beam of amazingly pure green into the clear, cloudless sky. This happens extremely rarely. Many sailors, having sailed their whole lives, have never seen a green ray. Boatswain Peryshkin claims that he saw him during sunset in the Caribbean Sea.
ZENITH. The highest point of the celestial sphere. It's always right above your head. You've heard the word "zenith". But the word “nadir” is less common. This is the name of the point opposite the zenith. It's right under your feet. Zenith and nadir are connected by a vertical line. No matter what you do: sleep, read, kick a ball, yawn in class or chew gum - this line always runs through you. Keep this in mind and behave well.
SOUNWEST. Waterproof hat with a fold-down brim at the front. They wear it in any bad weather, and not just when the damp and cold south-west blows.
AND
AND. Letter designation of the flag of the MCC "India" (Latin letter I). A raised flag means: "I am changing my course to the left." (Here it is useful to remember which flag is raised when changing course to the right).PORTHOLE. Almost everyone knows that this is a round window on a ship - in a durable waterproof frame with screw caps. But to be more precise, portholes are not always round. They can be oval or even square (only usually with rounded edges). The main thing is that the glass is strong and that water does not penetrate into the battened porthole. The word "porthole" is similar to another word - "illumination". This is understandable: both come from the Latin word “lumen”, which means “light”. And the round shape has nothing to do with it.
Y
Y. Letter designation of the MSS "Juliet" flag. Latin letter J. The signal is very alarming: “I have a fire and I have dangerous cargo on board; stay away from me.”TO
TO. The letter designation of the MSS flag is "Kilo" (the same in Latin - K). Signal: “I want to connect with you.”CAPSTAN. An ancient name for the spire.
HEEL. A thread spun from hemp fibers. Strands curl from heels, and cables from strands.
PRIVATEER. The word comes from the Dutch verb "kapen", which means "to plunder the sea." But privateers should not be confused with pirates. Privateers had official, government-issued certificates. With this certificate, the owner of a private, civilian ship during the war had the right to hunt merchant ships of the enemy side. If a privateer fell into the hands of the enemy, he was obliged to be treated not as a robber, but as a prisoner of war. The only trouble is that after the end of the war, some privateers did not want to end their hunt and then turned into full-fledged pirates. If caught, the case could end in a "knock of the yard."
CAPTAIN. The main person on the ship, its commander. He has great power, but also responsibility: for people, for the ship, for the cargo.
Commanders on small ships are not officially called captains. But in fact they are also captains. Remember this if you are appointed as a senior officer even on the smallest yacht or boat. You are responsible for those under your command and for the ship.
KINGSTON. This is the name given to the valves of various devices in the underwater part of the vessel. Serve for access of sea water inside. You, of course, have read about cases when sailors of a broken ship opened the seams so as not to surrender to the enemy. But in general, kingstons are not used for this, but for various technical needs.
In small vessels, in boats, kingstons are made in the form of screw-threaded plugs. The writer Fenimore Cooper has an expression in one sea novel: “Why are you screaming like a sailor in a boat with the cork pulled out!” In fact, imagine: the boat was launched into the water, but they forgot to screw in the plug! Vote here...
KISA. Do not confuse with a purring creature like Vasilisa and Syntax. Kisa is a canvas bag. On large ships, flags are stored in kitties, and on yachts, sails are stored.
CLIPPER(from English clipper or Dutch klipper) is a sailing ship with sharp, “water-cutting” (English clip) hull lines.
The first clipper ships appeared in the USA. At the beginning of the 19th century, this was the name given to a variety of schooners and brigantines that were built in Baltimore. Sharp hull contours, increased stability, masts inclined towards the stern, and a large sail area allowed the clippers to develop high speeds and maintain a stable course, but because of this, the volume of cargo holds had to be reduced, and the draft also increased. A special feature of the sailing rig of the clipper ships were split topsails, which made it easier to control, watersails, as well as lissels on the yardarms, which significantly increased the windage.
CLIPERPOST. The stem is smoothly curved forward. It gives the ship's bow a graceful shape and creates the impression of swiftness. It is not for nothing that the clippers, from which the name of such stems came, were the fastest sailing ships.
COOK. A member of the ship's crew, he wears a white cap, a white apron and a large ladle. A very important person, the mood of every person on the ship depends on him. Because a sailor with a hungry stomach is no longer really a sailor.
Cockpit. It is a box-type recess in the deck, equipped with scuppers to remove water that gets into it overboard (called self-draining) and has seats. A rigid tubular frame is installed at the stern - a stern rail, which performs a function similar to the bow rail. When sailing, it is best for the crew to stay in the cockpit unless there is a particular need to move around the deck. Most controls are located in the cockpit and are easily accessible. From the place where the helmsman is located, all controls and instruments used by him must be clearly visible.
On most yachts, the cockpit is equipped with lockers under the seats where many large items of yacht equipment can be stowed - fenders, mooring lines and towing rope. Since lockers are usually deep, things need to be stowed so that frequently used items are on top. A gas cylinder is stored in a separate self-draining locker. Small open bags (bags) on the sides of the cockpit are used to store winch handles and running ends of halyards, sheets, and backstays.
KRANETS. A device that hangs over the side of a ship so that when approaching and mooring it does not rub its side against the pier or an adjacent ship. Fenders can be pieces of wood, car tires, scraps or coils of thick cables. A real fender is a bag filled with hemp and braided with a heel or thin rope. Young sailors in the yacht club where boatswain Peryshkin worked sometimes used fenders for purposes other than their intended purpose, but for friendly hand-to-hand combat, although this was not approved by their superiors. The club even published a humorous newspaper, “Fender on the Transom.” Moreover, in this case, the transom did not mean the stern of the vessel.
L
L. Letter designation of the MSS "Lima" flag (Latin letter - L). The signal of this flag requires: "Stop your vessel immediately."ICEBREAKER. Has nothing to do with sailing ships. In order to break ice, you need not sails, but powerful machines. And if a sailboat suddenly finds itself in ice, you cannot do without an icebreaker.
FLYING SAILS. Sails that are not part of the main sail of the ship. They are installed in addition to the main sails (for example, l and s e l ) most often in light winds. With the exception of foxes, flying sails are placed above the main ones (sometimes even on flag poles). They have simpler rigging than the main sails: straight flying sails often do not have toppers or even braces. Such a sail is usually raised and lowered together with the yard.
Some dictionaries classify boomsails and bilges as flying sails, but one can hardly agree with this.
The most characteristic of the flying sails are the flying jib and the munsel.
FRONT SIDE OF THE SAIL. Many land-based readers are sure that the front side of the sails is the one that faces forward. We, they say, walk forward facing forward. But with sails, the front side is the one into which the wind blows, that is, it faces the stern. We are, of course, talking about straight sails. For slanting sails, both sides are sometimes in the wind, sometimes downwind; the front side and the back side cannot be distinguished. They say simply: “left side” and “right side”.
The Naval Dictionary, which was compiled by V. Vakhtin and published at the end of the nineteenth century, says that oblique sails have a front side - this is the one facing the starboard side. But now such a concept is outdated.
LOT. A device for measuring depth from the side of a ship. There are various designs (for example, an echo sounder that measures the distance to the bottom using sound). The simplest lot is manual. It consists of a weight and a lotlin. If necessary, you can make it yourself. But hold the lotline tight as you lower the weight overboard.
M
M. The letter designation of the MSS flag is "Mike" (the Latin letter is the same - M). Signal: “My ship is stopped and has no movement relative to the water.” What does "relative to water" mean? The sails are removed, the cars are stopped, seemingly completely motionless, the wood chips thrown overboard do not move away from the side. But the ship can move with the water - with the flow or with the waves. It is not responsible for this.SEAMANSHIP. The knowledge accumulated over many centuries of navigation is necessary for skillful navigation of a ship in any conditions and for the correct performance of all shipboard work.
There is an expression: "Consist with good seamanship." This means making all decisions accurately, performing any task skillfully and conscientiously - in accordance with strict maritime rules.
In maritime schools there is a special subject "Naval Practice". But studying it is useful not only for cadets, but also for everyone who is going to go out on the water not as a passenger, but as a sailor or helmsman. Even on the smallest yacht. Moreover, it’s not like studying at school, where “maybe they won’t call you.” If you haven't learned the fable or haven't solved the problem, in the worst case, you'll end up with a bad grade and a bad grade at home. And if during a squall you pull the wrong tackle or make an incorrect turn, the matter may not end in bad luck...
MUNSEL. (lunar sail). A flying sail that rises above the bilge on a bilge topmast, and sometimes on a flagpole.
It happens that the munsel is placed above the boom-bramsel. An example of this is the brigantine "Wilhelm Peak". This vessel can be easily recognized by the flying sail on the front mast: the munsel there is triangular in shape and does not have a yard.
MONSONS. Steady winds that change direction twice a year. This happens because the sea and land heat up differently in winter and summer. There are tropical monsoons - in equatorial Africa, in the northern Indian Ocean, in South Asia and northern Australia. There are non-tropical ones - in the Far East, Korea, Japan and northeast China. Monsoons often bring humid air and rain.
N
N. Letter designation of the MSS "November" flag. Latin letter N. The signal of this flag is negative: “No”. Or it communicates that the previous signal should be understood in a negative sense.KNIGHTS. Wrapping with a cable, tying together several spar trees or cables, or a cable with a tree. To lash means to tie tightly, to make lashes. When you are sailing on a yacht in fresh winds, it is useful to lash all loose items.
NAUTOFON. A very loud thing that is installed on lighthouses to sound signals during fog. It has a megaphone and operates using electricity. If in the characteristics of the lighthouse you see the following designation - (n), then this lighthouse has a nautofon.
NEVELWOODS. (or "nevelgoods"). A thick piece of wood into which, on some boats, a fairlead is cut for added strength.
NIRAL. Running rigging gear used to retract oblique sails. The niral is stretched along the luff of the sail, and when its running end is selected, the sail is gathered “into a handful.” Of course, each niral is named according to its sail: foresail-niral, jib-niral, and so on.
ABOUT
ABOUT. Letter designation of the MSS "Oska" flag. The Latin letter is the same - O. The signal is very alarming: “Man overboard.” Make sure that such a flag is never raised because of you. And if you see this signal, act in accordance with good seamanship.KIT. A curtain made of canvas or other material for temporarily enclosing some place on a ship. Sometimes skirts are made on the railings of ship bridges to protect against splashes. It happens that the name of the vessel is written on such a body kit.
HOLD. While turning, hold the helm or tiller, and sometimes turn them slightly in the opposite direction, so that the ship does not turn too quickly and can be held on the desired course.
STABILITY. One of the most important seaworthiness qualities of a vessel. It speaks of the ship’s ability to straighten itself after a roll that occurs due to wind and waves. Poor stability is a bad property, there is nothing to explain here. But stability beyond measure is also not very good. When it occurs, the ship straightens too sharply, and strong and rough rolling occurs.
Those who sail on small ships must remember: stability decreases sharply at the crest of a wave. So don't yawn.
P
P. Letter designation of the MCC flag "Papa". Latin letter R. Signal: "Everyone must be on board, as the ship is about to be removed." That is, it leaves. Therefore, such a flag is sometimes called a withdrawal flag. Don't be late for the ship when you see the blue and white rectangle "Papa" flapping in the wind above it.PASS WINDS. Winds that continuously blow in the oceans with a fairly even force of three or four. Their direction is not always constant, but does not change much. North of the equator these are winds from the northeast direction, south of the equator these are winds from the southeast direction. Trade winds were very popular among circumnavigators and clipper captains.
PIRATES. Badly educated people who do not want to work and live by robbing defenseless ships. There was a time when everyone thought that pirates remained only in books about treasures and sea adventures. But, alas, reports about pirates still appear in newspapers and television programs today. Boatswain Peryshkin once met pirates himself in the East China Sea. He loves to remember this story. But they don't like pirates. Because Yakov Platonovich was then still strong, dexterous and skillfully wielded the lever of a hand capstan, which, as you remember, is called “ramming”.
PATCH. This is not at all the kind of medical Velcro that is used to seal abrasions. On a ship, the plaster is used to “treat” holes. It is made from several layers of canvas, sometimes with a lining of metal mesh or slats. Starts on a broken side or bottom from the outside. Water pressure presses the patch onto the hole. Putting a patch on a wounded ship is not an easy job, but if there is a hole in the hull, there is no escape.
UNDERWATER ROCK. A very nasty thing. It is found both in the seas and in small bodies of water. Therefore, be careful, especially when you are sailing your yacht at good speed.
WATER PUMP. Pump for pumping water from the bilge and from the cockpit of a yacht. This is a useful thing, but the less often it is needed, the better.
"EVERYONE GO UPSTAIRS!". Calling the entire team to perform some maneuver or emergency work. When called, it is always added why it was made. For example: “Let’s all go up! Set sails and weigh anchor!”
BERTH. A place along a wharf where a ship can moor for loading and unloading operations.
Sometimes there are not enough berths, so piers are built in the port - long structures made of piles, embankments or iron reinforcement that extend from the shore at right angles. There are also moorings on the piers. The piers are especially convenient to approach on yachts: you can almost always choose a place to put your bow to the wind and reduce speed.
R
R. Letter designation MSS "Roumio". The Latin letter is R. This flag does not have its own signal. In some books you can read that the signal from the Roumio is: “Passage behind my ship; you can carefully pass me.” But this is a transcript of the previous MSS, which operated until 1969.RAY-BOWS. (sometimes they say and write “ray-gangs” and “revenants”). Tackle for tying a sail to a yard.
RAID. A fairly wide body of water located close to the shores and intended for anchorage of ships. The part of this space that is located outside the protective structures (piers, breakwaters) is called the outer roadstead. And the one that is protected from wind and waves is internal. In the outer roadstead, ships usually wait their turn to enter the inner roadstead, where they can more safely anchor or berth.
LOCKER. Large chest with a lifting lid.
Yaw rate. A bad property of some ships. It consists in the fact that the ship does not keep its course well and wobbles from side to side. However, sometimes it turns out that it is not the ship that is at fault, but the helmsman. This happens especially often on yachts when beginners take the helm.
WITH
WITH. Letter designation of the MSS "Siera" flag. The Latin letter is S. The meaning of the signal is: “My cars are running in reverse.” So if you are sailing, this flag will not be useful to you. But be careful when you pass by the stern of a ship with a mechanical engine: there is a white “Siera” with a blue rectangle on its mast.SVEZHAK. This is sometimes called a strong wind at sea. Eduard Bagritsky has the following lines:
Svezhak is tearing himself up. Urging on the rampage
Sea of Azov trough...
In other words, it smells like stormy weather.
SEGARS. Oak or metal rings placed on the mast. The luff of the trysail is tied to them.
RIGGING BRACKET. A bent horseshoe rod with eyes at the ends through which a dowel is passed. Such staples are needed on a sailboat in large quantities: for connecting blocks to the spar and rigging, for attaching gear to the sails, and so on. On yachts, small staples are sometimes called lobes.
STAR-BOOK. Knitsa, which connects the sternpost with the keelson.
Spryhood- protective inclined awning against splashes. Protects the cockpit from the front.
T
T. Letter designation of the flag. MSS "Tangou". The Latin letter is the same - T. The signal means: “Stay away from me; I am carrying out a pair trawling.” Keep in mind: “steamed”, not “fresh”, this work has nothing to do with steam or fresh milk. We are talking about catching and neutralizing mines or about fishing, when a trawl (a complex structure in the form of a huge bag of nets) is pulled by two vessels. This type of trawl is called a twin trawl. It is clear that you should not hang out in the way of trawlers engaged in this important work. Otherwise you may end up as a caught or stunned fish.SEA CURRENTS. Movement of water masses in the seas and oceans. Currents arise due to the action of winds, pressure differences in water columns and the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun, which cause ebbs and flows. Currents can be stable, temporary, or periodic. The temperature of the water distinguishes between warm and cold. In direction - rectilinear, curvilinear, spiral.
The effect of the current should be taken into account when plotting and calculating the ship's course.
It must be remembered that the direction of the current according to the compass is considered the same as the course of a ship. The ship moves “out of the compass”, the flow of water in the current moves in the same way, while the wind blows “into the compass”.
BEAM. When you are looking straight ahead on your ship, and exactly to the left or exactly to the right of you on the shore or in the sea there is some object (a ship, a lighthouse, a frolicking dolphin, or whatever), it is visible on the right ze. Expressed scientifically, traverse is the direction towards any object, perpendicular to the course of the ship. Of course, it is customary to distinguish between left and right beams.
LADDER. Every staircase on a ship. Often, according to maritime tradition, stairs at coastal stations, signal towers, and even stepped descents in coastal cities are called gangways. The ramps are usually steep and narrow. You have to climb and descend them quickly, but skillfully. In the yacht club where boatswain Peryshkin worked, there was a poster:
Remember: both mom and dad will cry,
If one day you fall off the ramp.
U
U. Letter designation of the MSS flag "Uniform" ("Unifrom"). Latin letter - U. Signal: "You are heading towards danger." There's no time for jokes here. We must quickly figure out what danger is ahead and change course or drift.UNDER-ZAILEY. The ancient name for the lower sails is the foresail, mainsail and mizzen. In the old days, undersail was also called a strong wind, in which the ship could only carry the lowest sails.
MORNING CLEANING. Cleaning the ship, which is done every morning before the flag is raised. This nautical tradition is also useful in shore life when you wake up in your room. And the flag can be raised mentally - as a sign that a long day of work lies ahead. And if it happens during the holidays, you can play a cheerful march on your lips.
F
F. Letter designation of the MSS Foxtrot flag. The Latin letter is F. The name of the flag is funny, but the signal is not very good: “I am not in control; keep in touch with me.”FALREP. A cable that replaces handrails on ladders thrown from a ship to a pier.
"FAL UNDER!". An ancient expression that comes from the Dutch language. Means "falls down". This is how the sailors cried when they dropped something heavy from the top or salinga. Please take care of your heads. Later it became the word “half-way”, which is also used in coastal life. For example, when the class is left without a teacher and is walking on their heads, and suddenly the steps of the head teacher are heard in the corridor.
FLAGPOLE. The flagpole is usually mounted at the stern. The flagpole is also the name given to the part of the upper composite “tree” of the mast above the rigging. On ancient ships, flagstaffs were often attached to the masts as separate spar trees (above topmasts or topmasts), using ezelgofts.
FLYBRIDGE- an almost completely duplicated ship control panel located on the upper deck or superstructure. Allows you to more accurately maneuver the vessel when mooring due to better visibility, as well as enjoy a magnificent view from above while steering the vessel at sea.
FISH. One of the gears used to remove the Admiralty anchor on a ship. You, of course, remember that cleaning such an anchor is always a lot of trouble. The f and sh - b a l - k a, which protrudes over the side at the bow of the vessel, helps in this work.
X
X. Letter designation of the MSS "Hotel" flag. Latin letter - N. Signal: “I have a pilot on board.”ROOM ROOM. On some ships, the wheelhouse and charthouse are combined in one room. This is convenient: the navigator works on the maps and also gives instructions to the helmsman. All instruments for controlling the ship are concentrated in the pilothouse. The repeaters of these devices are also located on the deck of the wheelhouse, which is called the navigation bridge.
SNORCHES. A folding hook (hook) consisting of two simple hooks. When tensioned, these hooks converge towards each other, close into a ring and prevent the cable they are holding from slipping out.
C
C. The literal meaning of the MSS Charlie flag. The Latin letter is S. The signal of this flag is short: “Yes.” That is, “affirmative.” And together with the “negative” flag “November”, “Charlie” constitutes the most serious signal - a distress signal. As the boatswain Peryshkin says: “No” - “Yes” - trouble has come.”CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE, CENTER OF SAIL, CENTER OF GRAVITY. Special points in the ship's layout that are calculated during its design. The reliability and seaworthiness of the vessel depend on the correct calculation of these points.
TSUNAMI. Huge ocean waves that occur when the ocean floor shifts or underwater volcanic eruptions. Their length reaches one and a half thousand kilometers. When tsunamis hit land, they often lead to disasters.
H
There is no flag that corresponds to the Russian letter Ch in the MCC. If you need to spell out some Russian word with “ch”, they usually use a combination of the flags “Charlie” and “Hotel” (this is “ch” in English). You have to get out of it, since there are fewer letters in the Latin font than in the Slavic one.CHALKA. This is what mooring and towing lines are sometimes called.
"CHIST ANCHOR". A message when the anchor is raised, indicating that it is not entangled in a chain or rope.
Sh
The Russian letter Ш in MSS was also unlucky; there was no flag for it. You have to use a combination of the "Siera" and "Hotel" flags. If, for example, you need to report that your ship is called "Shkval", dial "SHKWAL".BEAUFORT SCALE. Scale for determining wind strength. It was invented in 1806 by the English admiral and hydrograph F. Beaufort. He proposed to determine the wind force by the windage that the ship can currently carry. When there were few sails left in the fleet, they began to do things differently, to see what the wind speed was: how many miles per hour or how many meters per second. But the points proposed by Beaufort to characterize the wind remained. There are twelve of these points (or rather, thirteen, since the scale starts not from one point, but from zero).
The numerical values of these points in Russia and abroad differ slightly. For example, in our country it is considered that force six is wind at a speed of 9.9 to 12.4 meters per second, and in other countries - from 10.8 to 13.8 meters per second. Therefore, there will probably be nothing wrong if we round these numbers slightly here - for young readers who do not always understand decimal fractions.
This is what it turns out.
0 points. From complete calm to half a meter per second. The water is mirror-smooth. Calm.
1 point. Quiet wind. ABOUT t half a meter to one and a half meters per second. There are ripples on the water.
2 points. Light breeze. From one and a half to three and a half meters per second. Crests of small waves appear.
3 points. Light wind.(This is the official name, but in general it blows very noticeably). From three and a half to five and a half meters per second. Small crests of waves begin to capsize, although the foam is not yet white, but transparent. Flags and pennants flutter, smoke above the chimneys is strongly drawn into the wind.
4 points. Moderate wind. From five and a half to eight meters per second. Despite the “moderation” of this wind, the crews of dinghies and boats need to be very careful - for them this is already serious weather. "Lambs" appear on the waves. Pennants stretch with the wind.
5 points. Fresh breeze. From eight to eleven meters per second. Air currents carry light objects along the shore, large flags are stretched in the wind, “lambs” on the waves are already everywhere. And the sailors on dinghies and dinghies have to do a lot of franking.
6 points. Strong wind. From eleven to thirteen and a half meters. A humming sound is heard in the standing rigging. Waves of considerable height appear, the wind tears foam from the crests. Crews of small yachts need to think very carefully before going out on the water in such weather. And if absolutely necessary, take reefs on the sails.
7 points. Strong wind. From thirteen and a half to sixteen meters per second. The foam stretches out in strips along the slopes of the waves. The whistling in the gear becomes stronger, and difficulties arise when walking against the wind.
8 points. Sixteen to nineteen meters per second. Very strong wind. Any movement against the wind becomes difficult. Long strips of foam break off the crests and cover the slopes of the waves to their very toes.
9 points. Storm. Wind speed is from nineteen to twenty-two meters per second. The surface of the raging waves becomes white with foam, only in some places areas free from this stormy whiteness are visible.
10 points. Heavy storm. Wind from twenty-two to twenty-five meters per second. The sea is stormy, there is water dust and spray in the air, visibility is poor, and damage to the equipment and superstructures of large ships is possible.
11 points. Fierce storm. The air rushes at a speed of twenty-five to thirty meters per second. The surface of the sea is completely covered with foam. Significant damage to the ship is possible.
12 points. Hurricane. Wind speed is over thirty meters per second (on the Russian scale - over twenty-nine). The wind causes devastating destruction.
Those who want to get more accurate data on the Beaufort scale should look into thick marine dictionaries and reference books. However, numbers are not so important when the wind tears the rigging and the waves crash over the side. The main thing is to return safely from the voyage.
SCH
SCH. Letter designation of the MSS "Kebak" flag. Latin letter Q (ku). Again there is a discrepancy between the Russian and Latin letters: “ku” is never read as “sha”. The flag signal says: “My ship is uninfected, please allow me free practice.” That is, free communication with the shore and all loading and unloading operations... But once upon a time this flag had a different, ominous meaning. At that time, the yellow flag corresponded to the Russian letter C, was called “Quarantine” and meant that there were contagious diseases on the ship: therefore it should be detained in quarantine or already in it.Y
Y. Letter designation of the MSS Yankee flag. The Latin letter Y (which, of course, denotes a sound that is not at all similar to Y; here again is the difference between the Slavic and Latin scripts). The signal of this flag is "I am adrift at anchor." That is, you dropped the anchor, but it does not hold onto the ground well, and you are carried away by the wind or current. If you read somewhere that the Yankee flag means “I'm bringing mail,” then keep in mind: this is an outdated signal, it is from a code that was in force until 1969.b (soft sign)
b. The literal meaning of the MSS "Exray" flag. Latin letter - X (ex). What can you do, they don’t know a soft sign abroad.Here it’s time to say that the Russian designation of the MCC flags is now rarely used even by our sailors. It happens that it is no longer indicated in nautical reference books; they think that Latin letters are enough. In fact, no one will say, “Raise the Soft Sign.” They will say, pick up the Xray. But in this dictionary, the Russian letters assigned to the flags of the International Code are still indicated - for a number of reasons.
Firstly, among young readers there are also those who still have little knowledge of the Latin script.
Secondly, sometimes you have to spell purely Russian words using MCC flags, and it happens that you can’t do without a soft sign. By the way, without solids either. Then they also use "Exray".
Thirdly... well, judge for yourself, where else can a dictionary compiler devote a special section to the letter b?
This is what this flag means. "Suspend your intentions and watch my signals."
E
E. To designate this Russian letter in MSS, just like for the letter E, the “ECO” flag is used.CREW. All the seamen on a ship who maintain and operate it.
ERNS-BACKSTAG. A running rigging tackle that, during steep courses, holds the end of the gaff and prevents the gaff from deviating too much to the wind. It is also used to hold the gaff in a stationary position when the sails are stowed.
SQUADRON. A group of military or training vessels, usually performing a single mission.
YU
To indicate this letter when signaling with MCC flags, you can use the “Uniform” flag. There is no special flag for Yu.CABIN BOY. A teenager who is studying seamanship and preparing to become a sailor. During the Great Patriotic War, special schools for young boys were created in our country. They existed until the opening of the Nakhimov schools in 1943.
I
There is no flag for this letter in the MCC either. If you want to type a word starting with the letter Y, use a combination of the flags “Yankee” and “Alpha” - YA.FLOATING ANCHOR. Here you might be surprised: after all, the main task of an anchor is not to float, but to fall to the bottom and cling to it more tightly. But there are times when you have to cling to water. For example, where the depth is great, the anchor does not reach the bottom, and it is necessary to stop. Most often this happens during a storm, when the sails are removed or torn off and for safety the ship must keep its nose to the wind - this is how it best meets the wave. It is then that a floating anchor is thrown from the bow; it does not allow the ship to stand sideways to the wind and wave. Typically a drogue is a square piece of canvas on a wooden cross with a small weight. But if necessary, you can use any non-sinking object, for example, tied oars.
YACHT CLUB. A sports organization where adults and children engage in sailing. Of course, not every lover of the fleet and sails can get into the yacht club. These clubs are not available everywhere and there are not enough places for everyone. If you really love sails, but didn’t get into the yacht club, try to find friends and a knowledgeable adult with whom you can start building a yacht. Let's start with the smallest one. Everything big starts from small things. Dictionary of marine terms
Alphabetical dictionary of marine terms.*
Introduction!
* The alphabetical dictionary contains all the terms that relate to this ship. You will find illustrations of almost all terms in 4 pages of drawings. The meanings of the numbers (from 1 to 152 in the drawings - are described in the list below the dictionary). All other illustrations have been added to the alphabetical dictionary.
Alphabetical dictionary of marine terms
A
Akhterlyuk - an opening in the deck behind the mainmast for loading cargo into the ship's aft hold.
Sternpost - (Gol. achtersteven, achter - rear, steven - stem, riser) - a beam installed in the rear of the keel vertically to it; The rudder is suspended from the sternpost. The sternpost consists of several parts: a halyard post, a star-bracket and filling trees - the stern deadwood.
Anaput - several cables secured in the drilled edge of the Martian platform and passing through a wooden block with holes - an anaput block. Necessary in order to avoid the topsails getting caught on the topsails. It was installed between the leading edge of the top and the forestay.
B
Buck - (Gol. bak) - a superstructure in the bow of the deck, reaching the stem. The forecastle used to be called the bow part of the upper deck (in front of the foremast). Serves to protect the upper deck from flooding by oncoming waves, increase unsinkability, accommodate service spaces, etc. (topmost picture)
Backstays - standing rigging gear that supports spar trees, bokants, davits, topmasts, chimneys, etc. from the sides.
Bayfoot - a piece of cable covered with leather, with the help of which the yard or gaff is held in the girth of the mast or topmast. At the lower yards, the bayfoots are made of iron, with swivels.
Blocks - the simplest mechanisms used to lift heavy objects, as well as to change the direction of the cables when they are pulled. A device with a rotating wheel-pulley inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.
Blinda-ray - spar on the bowsprit. They abandoned the use of blinds back in the eighteenth century. Sometimes now, instead of a blind-yard, two branches are installed - a blind-gaff.
Bitt - 1. A wooden or metal stand on the deck of a ship for attaching cables. The anchor chain is wrapped around the biting, which reduces the speed of the anchor recoil. 2. With dowel strips - for fastening running rigging.
Brig - two-masted sailing ship of the 18th-19th centuries. with direct sails for patrol, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament 10-24 guns. Crew up to 120 people.
Bras - running rigging gear, attached to the ends of the yard and used to rotate the yard in a horizontal plane (throw the yard).
Bom- belonging to the penultimate level of the spar tree.
Bom-fitter - spar that serves as a continuation I eat ironmongery.
Bom jib - the first forward sail from the top in front of the foremast (the forward-most jib).
Board - side of the ship.
Bram- belonging to the highest level of the spar tree.
Topmast - a spar that serves as a continuation of the topmast and extends upward from it.
Bowline - a tackle used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail towards the bow so that the ship can sail steeply to the wind.
Bowsprit - a spar mounted on the bow of the ship horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (about 35 degrees). The standing rigging of the topmasts of the front mast, as well as the rigging of the slanting sails - jibs, is attached to the bowsprit. On large ships, the bowsprit was made composite: the continuation of the bowsprit is the jib, and the continuation of the jib is the boom-judge.
Bay - rope twisted in circles.
Buyrep - a cable attached to an anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (buoy) that indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.
Mizzen - a slanting sail placed on a mizzen mast, the upper luff of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower one is stretched along the boom with a mizzen sheet. The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spar, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen, in addition to the oblique sail, has straight sails. Then the yard will be called “begin-ray”, and the word “cruise” will be added to the parts of the spar located above the top platform and on the topmasts.
IN
Guys - (Gol. - want) - standing ship rigging gear. They are made of steel or hemp cable and serve to strengthen the mast, being guys to the side and several to the stern.
Vant-putens - iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached externally to the side of the ship, and the upper end is laid behind the lower eyes. Not to be confused with puttens shrouds.
Water-wooling - fastening the bowsprit with the stem. In the old sailing fleet, cable or chain sails were made. On modern sailing ships they are replaced by iron yokes and brackets.
Wuling - a bandage that holds together several beams in the manufacture of lower masts and bowsprits. Usually consisted of five or six cable hoses laid around the mast. The distance between neighboring wulings was approximately 1 m.
Pennant - (Dutch - wimpel) - a long narrow flag with braids, hoisted on the mast of a warship on campaign.
Vyblenki - pieces of thin cable tied across the cables and acting as steps when climbing the cables to masts and topmasts.
Shot - a horizontal spar suspended underwater perpendicular to the side of the ship. The shots are designed to carry the sail overboard, secure the boats and create appropriate spacing for the rigging.
Displacement - weight of the ship in tons, i.e. the amount of water displaced by the submerged part of the ship's hull.
G
Tacks - simple cables used to pull the clew or tack angles of oblique sails to the bow and secure them.
Gardel - running rigging gear on ships with direct sails, used for lifting the lower yards or gaffs.
Gaff - (Dutch - gaffel) (boom) - a spar tree, which at its lower end - the heel - has a fork - a mustache covering the mast. The whiskers allow you to raise the gaff along the mast or rotate the boom relative to it. The gaffs are used to fasten the upper luff of the trysails, and the booms are used to fasten the lower luff.
Latrine - nasal overhang, which was a continuation of the grep. Served mainly for decorative purposes and to support the bowsprit.
Gallery - aft decor, windows or open balconies as part of the living area of the captain's and officers' cabins. Typically richly decorated with the name of the ship inscribed.
Grotto-, Grotto- belonging to the main mast. (i.e. refers to the second mast from the front).
Grotto - 1. The general name for the middle (highest) mast of sailing ships. 2. The straight sail, the lowest one on the second mast from the bow (main mast), is tied to the main yard. 3. A word added to the names of yards, sails and rigging located above the top of the mainmast.
Mainsail-bom-bramsel - the fourth sail from the bottom on the mainmast.
Mainsail topsail - the third straight sail from the bottom on the mainmast, raised on the topmast above the topsail.
Grotto Marseille - the second straight sail from the bottom on the mainmast, placed between the tops yard and the lower yard.
Main hatch - middle hatch on the deck of the ship.
Gitov - running rigging gear used for cleaning straight sails and trysails. The clews of straight sails pull the clew angles of the sail towards the yard. Git trysails pull the sail towards the gaff and mast.
Geek - a horizontal spar attached to the mast at a small height above the deck and with its free end facing the stern of the ship. The lower luff of the slanting sail is laced to the boom.
Guys - In Russia: a red flag with a blue St. Andrew's cross, bordered by white stripes, and a white straight cross. It rises on the bowsprit flagpole (from 8 a.m. to dusk) along with the stern flag, but only during anchorage.
Guys-stock - a stand on which the guy is raised.
D
Dirik-fal - running rigging gear used to lift the working end of the gaff.
Dryrep - 1. (mars-halyard) - gear for lifting the tops-yard. 2. a chain or wire rope attached to a yard and passed through a pulley to lift it. Every drirep usually ends with hoists called halyards. For example, the marsa-drayrep and the marsa-halyard together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.
Z
Blockage-tali - tackle for holding the boom, preventing it from spontaneously being thrown to the other side at full heading.
TO
Carronade - a short, light, large-caliber cast iron cannon.
Boat - boat with 2 masts and 10 oars.
Knecht - 1. on a sailing ship, a square-section beam used for traction and fastening of the ends and some gear of running rigging. 2. double metal stand for fastening mooring lines. It comes with a crossbar that helps hold the wound cable, called a bollard spreader.
Coffee dowel - rods made of hard wood or metal about 30 cm long. Insert into the holes of the dowel bar for fastening and laying running rigging gear.
Coffee strip - a wooden or metal beam with holes for dowel pins, attached horizontally to the deck at the masts and at the inside of the side.
Cleaver - an oblique triangular sail placed in front of the foremast. From the wall-rigging to the jib's foot there is a rail, along which the jib is raised and lowered. On a ship where there are three of them, the second sail from the mast is called the jib. The first is called a jib, and the third is a boom jib. Cleavers appeared in the 18th century
Stern - rear end of the ship. The stern is considered to be the part of the vessel from the very rear of it to the hatch closest to it or the end of the stern superstructure. (topmost picture)
Counter mizzen - gaff sail, behind the direct one on the mizzen mast. If there is a lower straight sail on the rear mast, it is called a mizzen. If there is no straight sail, the mizzen is called a gaff sail.
Kiel - (English - keel) - the main longitudinal connection of the ship, located along its entire length in the lower part along the center plane. On wooden ships, the keel consists of a beam protruding outwards, to which frames are attached. (second picture from top)
Keel blocks - two wooden stands, cut to the shape of the bottom of the boat. Boats are installed on them.
Knyavdiged - Ancient sailing ships have a protruding upper part of the cutwater. The upper part of the knyavdiged was decorated with a carved figure. (second picture from top)
Cathead - a beam with an attached bracket on which one or two blocks were placed, serving to lift the anchor.
L
Carriage - a wooden stand for holding a gun (gun), controlling and moving it along the deck.
Moose Stag - one of the double forestays along which a slanting sail runs.
Lopar - the running or outer end, both of hoists and of any tackle.
Lysel alcohols - thin spar trees on the fore- and main-yards and on the fore- and main-yards, used for staging foxels.
Hatches - openings in the decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.
Leer - a metal rod or tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable used for tying sails, tightening awnings, drying clothes, etc. Rails are also called ropes fixed to posts that replace the bulwark of a ship, and ropes stretched to prevent people from falling overboard during a storm.
M
Mast - vertical spar. Masts are used for installing sails, cargo booms, signaling and communication devices, for raising flag signals, etc.
Martin Geek - a spar tree, reinforced vertically under the bowsprit eselgoft with its tip down. Its upper end was forked. Serves for spreading water stays.
Mars - (mars platform) - a platform on the top of a composite mast, attached to the long salings and spreaders. On sailing ships it serves as a spacer for shrouds and as a place for some work when setting and cleaning the sails. Rangefinders and small-caliber guns were installed on the tops of warships.
N
Niral - the only jibs and staysails.
Nok - the end of a spar located horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (boom, gaff, yard, etc.). In addition, the outer end of the bowsprit, jib and boom jib is called the nok.
Nagel - 1. A wooden nail used to fasten parts of wooden ships. 2. Block pulley axis.
ABOUT
Butt - a bolt in which instead of a head there is a ring or a forging with an eye in its upper part. Designed for attaching rigging hooks or block slings.
P
Deck - horizontal tier of the ship. Starting from the top, they had the following purposes: quarter-deck - an open deck for steering the ship; opera deck - upper battery deck; mid-deck - middle battery deck; orlop-deck - deck of residential and service premises; hold - the lowest deck. (topmost picture)
Sail - a fabric attached to an object (a spar) that is stretched relative to the wind so that its pressure creates a force that sets the object in motion.
Look at the name of each sail.
Water pump - ship pumps serving different purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.
A gun - onboard gun, the main charge, which is the core.
Perth - cables fixed under the yards on which people working on the yards stand.
Pyatners - a round or elliptical hole in the deck through which the mast passed, also the structure holding the end of the bowsprit.
Putens shrouds - 1. iron rods, the lower ends of which are located on the lower yoke yoke or under the yoke on a special shroud yoke. Then the shrouds are passed through the holes along the edge of the top, and their upper ends are completed with rings, to which the shrouds are attached with staples. (Ties running from the cables from under the top to its side edges; they serve to strengthen the edges of the top and prevent it from bending upward from the thrust of the wall-stays.) 2. special guys - similar to short, downward cables that are pulled from below puttens and attached to the side under the channels. Nowadays, when there are no longer channels on sailing ships, only these guys going down from the top platform are usually called puttens shrouds.
R
Spar - (from the Dutch "rondhout" - round tree) - on ships of the sailing fleet, the spar meant wooden or metal parts of the ships' armament, intended for carrying sails, performing cargo work, raising signals, etc. A collective word to designate all the wooden parts of the ship , such as: masts, topmasts, topmasts, yardarms, booms, gaffs, cargo booms, etc.
Raks-yoke - consist of 1-3 rows of wooden balls placed on cables that hold the horizontal spar to the vertical one.
Ray - a spar tree suspended from the middle using a bayfoot to a mast or topmast for setting sails or for attaching signal halyards.
Rowles - a roller cast from cast iron or turned from strong wood and freely rotating on an axis. The rollers are placed, for example, in bales or separately to guide the cable, to support steering rods, etc.
Rostra - a place on the deck where a spare spar is stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostra.
Tiller - (from Gol. - roerpen, roer - oar, steering wheel) - a lever fixed in the upper part of the steering wheel. Transmits torque from the force created by the steering machine or manually.
Rusleni - powerful beams along the outer sides of a sailing ship, located at the level of the upper deck opposite the masts. Serve for spacing the cables, which are attached to the sides by cable stays.
Rym - a strong iron ring set into a deck, side, or dock.
WITH
Saling - a wooden or steel structure that serves to connect the topmast with its continuation - the toptopmast, and the toptopmast with the boom topmast and for spreading the topmast and boom topstays to the sides. Saling is a frame of two longitudinal beams - longa-salings and two or three beams intersecting with longa-salings - spreaders. Salings are called depending on their belonging to one or another mast: fore-saling, main-saling and cruise-saling.
Wall- belonging to the topmast (i.e. to the second vertical spar from the bottom)
Topmast - (Dutch - steng) - a removable spar tree, which is a continuation of the ship's mast. Next comes the topmast, and then the toptopmast.
T
Rigging - the general name of all gear that generally constitutes the armament of a ship or the armament of a spar. The rigging that serves to hold the spar in the proper position is called standing, while the rest is called running.
Tali - a lifting device consisting of two blocks (movable and fixed), connected to each other by a cable, one end of which is fixedly fixed to one of the blocks.
Lanyard - a type of hoist or tension cable for pulling standing rigging or tightening cargo.
Topenant - running rigging tackle attached to the end of the yard and used to install the yard at one angle or another to the horizontal plane. Topenant is also called the tackle that supports the end of the cargo boom, boom, or gaff.
Top - the upper end of any vertical spar, such as a mast, topmast, flagpole.
Buoy - see buyrep.
U
Duck - a turned wooden strip or casting, fixedly fixed on the inside side of the side and deck for attaching the sheets of lower sails and trysails. Sometimes the ducks were placed on shrouds to which they were lashed.
Copper - a spar that serves as a continuation of the bowsprit.
F
Fal - tackle used for hoisting some yards, sails, signal flags, etc.
Flag - a rectangular panel made of light woolen fabric - flagduk - of different colors and serves as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, indicating which state the ship belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally assigned.
Flagpole - the top of a mast or a special pole used to raise the flag .
Foca-, For- belonging to the foremast (i.e., the first mast at the front of the ship) A word added to the names of the yards, sails, and rigging located above the top of the foremast.
Forduns - standing rigging gear supporting topmasts, topmasts, etc. from the rear and sides. When there are two pairs of rigging supporting the same spar, the rigging attached closer to the bow is called backstays, and the rear ones are called forestays.
Fore-staysail, Fore-bom-topsail, Fore-topsail, Fore-topsail - view analogy with Grot-.
Fock - straight sail, the lowest one on the forward mast (foremast) of a ship. Attached to the fore-yard.
stem - a beam that forms the front end of the vessel (a continuation of the keel in the bow). (second picture from top)
Sh
Sheet - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew angle) and carried towards the stern of the vessel. The sheets hold the luff of the sail in the desired position. Sheets are also called gear attached to the upper corners of the emergency patch.
pendant - a short cable with a thimble or pulley used for lifting boats or cargo.
Spire - a large gate with a vertical axis used for raising the anchor (anchor capstan), removing the mooring lines, raising the yards, lifting and lowering boats.
Frame - rib of the ship's hull (transverse element of the hull structure). (second picture from top)
Stays - standing rigging gear that supports vertical spar trees in the longitudinal direction - masts, topmasts, etc.
Steering wheel - a wheel with handles that serves to control the steering wheel.
Sturtros -
a cable founded between the wheel and the rudder, and passing through a series of fixed pulleys. Serves to transmit force from the steering wheel to the tiller, and through it to the steering wheel.
E
Ezelgoft - wooden or metal connecting clip with two holes. One hole is put on the top of the mast or topmast, and the topmast or topmast is shot (passed) through the second.
YU
Ufers - a kind of round thick block with smooth holes called windows instead of pulleys. Rope lanyards are supported through the deadeyes.
I
Anchor - a forged metal projectile used to stop a ship by gripping it to the bottom of the sea. Anchors come in different systems. Two anchors, always ready to release and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there are one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors, used to pull a vessel from place to place by delivery, are called verps. The heaviest verp is called a stop anchor.
the boat is smaller in size than semi-longboats and has sharper contours. They are used for various purposes, mainly for mooring.
BOARDING- approach of hostile ships closely for hand-to-hand combat.
VANGUARD- the forward (head) part of the battle formation of a squadron or fleet.
ACCIDENT- damage to the vessel.
ADVICE ADVICE- a small ship used for reconnaissance and messenger service in the 18th-19th centuries.
AVRAL- work on urgently calling the entire ship's personnel when one watch cannot cope with the task.
ADMIRALTY- the highest authority of management and command of the naval forces.
ADMIRALTY ANCHOR- an anchor with two fixed horns with triangular legs on their horns, and a rod mounted on the top of the spindle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the horns. The name "Admiralty anchor" appeared in 1352 after extensive field tests of anchors of various designs carried out by the British Admiralty.
ANKEROK- a barrel in one, two, three buckets and more; used for storing water, wine, and vinegar.
ANTICYCLONE- an area of high pressure in the atmosphere, with a maximum in the center. Characterized by partly cloudy and dry weather with weak winds.
ARTEL- an association of sailors or soldiers in the Russian fleet or army for the purpose of organizing food from a common pot, at the expense of the money allocated to them for food. The management of the artel was in charge of the artel worker, elected by soldiers or sailors. The artelman was confirmed as the senior officer of the ship.
REARGARD- the end (rear) part of the battle formation of a squadron or fleet.
AKHTERLUK- aft hatch.
AKHTERSTEVEN- a vertical beam that forms the aft end of the ship’s keel. The rudder is suspended from the sternpost.
TANK- the bow part of the ship's deck from the stem to the foremast. The forecastle is a raised superstructure occupying part of the forecastle.
BAKAN, or buoy - a large float, sometimes with a bell, sometimes with a lantern, anchored to indicate a dangerous shallow place.
TANK- a watchman performing work on the forecastle.
BACKSTAY- 1) the ship’s course at an obtuse angle to the wind direction line; 2) gear that holds topmasts, toptopmasts and boom-toptopmasts from the sides and rear.
SCORE- a number indicating the strength of the wind or wave on a scale. According to our Beaufort scale, wind strength is indicated from 0 (complete calm) to 12 (hurricane), and waves - from 0 to 9.
JAR- 1) stranded in a deep place; 2) bench, seat on a boat.
BAR- shallow water, a ridge across the river from alluvial sand and silt.
BARQUE-a vessel with a straight rig on the front masts and a slant rig on the rear mast.
BARQUENTINE, or schooner-barque, is a ship with three or more masts, of which the foremast has a straight rig, and all the rest have oblique rigs.
RUNNING RIGGING- rigging that allows maneuvers with sails and spar. To facilitate traction, it is passed through blocks.
BEYDEWIND- the ship's course is at an acute angle to the wind.
BEYFOOT- a clip that presses the yard to the mast or topmast.
MIZAN MAST- the rear mast of all ships having three, four or more masts.
BEAMS- cross beams connecting the sides of the ship and serving as beams for deck flooring.
BITT- a wooden or cast iron pedestal used for fastening thick gear, tugs, and sometimes anchor ropes (chains).
BITING-KRASPITSA- cross beam on a bitten or a pair of bits.
BLOCK- a device with a rotating wheel-pulley inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.
BLOKSHIV- an old ship brought to anchor and serving as a floating warehouse, pier or barracks.
BOKANTS, or davits - iron posts of a special design and shape, located on the ship and used for raising and lowering boats.
BOM-BRAMSELI- the fourth sail from the bottom on a ship with a straight rig.
BORA- local, strong (up to 40-80 m/s) cold wind on the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia, on the Black Sea coast in
area of Novorossiysk. Usually happens in winter.
BOATSWAIN- head of the deck crew of the ship's crew, manages all work on the deck and keeping the ship clean.
BRAHMSEL- the third sail from the bottom on a ship with a straight rig.
BRACES- gear used to rotate the yards in the horizontal direction. Brace - move the yards with the help of braces.
WINDLASS- a mechanism with a horizontal arrangement of drums, used for raising and lowering anchors and mooring operations.
BRIG- a two-masted ship with straight sails on both masts.
BRIGANTINE, or schooner-brig, is a two-masted ship with straight sails on the foremast and slanting sails on the mainmast.
YOKE- a flat metal ring on the spar.
BUOY- see cormorant.
BUEK- a small float showing the location of the anchor when it is released.
BAY- 1) a small bay; 2) a cable twisted in circles. The cable coil produced at the factory is 200 meters long, or 100 fathoms.
BOWSPRIT- an inclined mast at the bow of the ship.
PROUD BULL- one of the gears for cleaning sails.
SHAFT- a separate major war, in a storm reaches a height of 9 meters or more.
OUTRIGGER- the thickened part of the oar, it is divided into a handle, roller, spindle and blade.
VALKOST- insufficient stability, the tendency of the vessel to tilt to one side at the slightest reason; Rolling is considered a bad and even dangerous property of a vessel.
CABLES- cables reinforcing masts, topmasts, topmasts on the sides.
WATERWACE- a wooden beam or metal sheet connecting the deck to the sides of the ship.
WATERLINE- the line along which the ship goes deeper into the water. The maximum depth permitted by law for each vessel is limited to the load waterline.
WATERSTAG- thick metal rods or chains that pull the bowsprit to the stem.
WATCH- duty on the ship.
MONOGRAM- a thin line harness for fastening two cables together.
VERP- a small anchor.
SHIPYARD- a place where ships are built, a shipyard.
MILESTONE- a pole with a float, anchored or on a stone. At the upper end is attached either a kind of broom made of thick rods, or a colored flag. Milestones are used to mark shoals and other obstacles in the path of ships, such as sunken ships.
DISPLACEMENT- the volume of water displaced by the vessel. The weight of this volume is equal to the weight of the ship.
CUTWATER- the outer edge of the stem below the waterline.
WEAPONS- equipment of the vessel, a set of spars, rigging and sails.
FORWARD LOOKING- the sailor on duty at the bow of the ship, watching the horizon and immediately reporting everything. what he sees, to the captain's assistant on the watch.
BLACKS- thin ropes tied across the shrouds and, together with the shrouds, form a kind of rope ladder for climbing onto the masts and yards.
VYMBOVKI- long bars of hard wood used to rotate manual spiers (gates). The vymbovka looks like a stick about two meters long and in diameter, about 10 cm at one end, and about 6 cm at the other.
PENNANT- a long narrow flag.
HARBOR- an area of water protected by nature or artificial structures from sea waves and used for mooring ships.
GAK- metal hook.
GAKOBORT- a side enclosing the stern of a ship.
TACK- 1) tackle that attracts the lower corners of straight sails from the wind; 2) if the wind blows from the right, then they say: the ship is sailing on the right tack, if from the left - on the left tack.
GULFWIND, or half-wind - wind direction perpendicular to the ship's heading.
latrine- restroom on the ship.
LEVER- increased embossment, which serves as a lever when working with heavy weights.
GAFF- an inclined tree attached by one cone to the mast and used to fasten or stretch the upper leech (side) of oblique sails shaped like an irregular trapezoid.
GIK- a log for attaching or stretching the foot (side) of oblique sails.
GITOVY- gear used to pull up the lower corners of the sail during cleaning.
DRIVE TO THE WIND- hold the close-haul steeply, i.e. very close to the wind line.
PROUD- tackle. passing through one single-pulley block.
GROTTO- lower sail on the mainmast.
GROT HATCH- middle hatch on the deck of the ship.
MAIN MAST-medium, largest, mast on a ship.
GROTHOLD-middle ship hold.
JACK- a special flag that is raised when anchored on the bow of a warship of the 1st or 2nd rank.
DOUBLE BOTTOM, or internal - found on all warships and large merchant fleet vessels; serves to protect the bottom from the consequences of holes, increases the reliability of the hull. The space between the inner and outer bottoms is called double-bottom and is divided by longitudinal and transverse partitions into compartments that are empty or used for storing water, oil, etc.
TWO-DECK SHIP- an old type warship, which had, in addition to the upper one, two lower decks with cannons above the water.
DEADWOODS- sharp places on the bottom at the very ends of the ship.
DEVIATION- deviations of magnetic compass needles under the influence of ship iron.
DECA- deck.
KEEP ON TARGET, walk along the line - walk in such a way that two or more objects observed from the ship merge into one line, for example, see the masts and chimney of an oncoming steamship in the line or walk along the line of two lighthouses.
TRIM- the difference in the depth of the vessel in the water between the stern and bow. Trim to the stern is usually done to give the ship better maneuverability. Bow trim, on the contrary, impairs maneuverability and gives the vessel an unsightly appearance. If the ship has a bow trim, then the sailors say: “The ship is sitting like a pig in the water.”
DOK- Wet dock - a section of a harbor or port in which the water is maintained at the same level. Such docks are located in places exposed to ebb and flow, for the convenience of loading and unloading ships moored at the berths. Dry docks are pools, pools in which ships are placed for repairs. After the vessel is brought into such a dock, the water is pumped out of it, and the vessel remains on stands called slipway blocks. Gates of a special device that tightly close the entrances to the docks are called bathoports. A floating dock is a floating structure that is sunk and then, after pumping out water from the dock compartments, raised along with the vessel placed on it for repairs.
HEAVER- an oblong cone made of hard wood, used for rigging work.
FIGHT, polish - pull tightly, figuratively - scrub, clean something. For example, sailors say: “to scrub copper,” which means to polish copper parts until they shine.
DRYREP- a chain or wire rope attached to the yard and passing through the block to lift it. Every drirep usually ends with hoists called halyards. For example, the marsa-drayrep and the marsa-halyard together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.
DRIFTING- deviation of a moving ship from the intended path under the influence of wind, current, strong waves and ice pressure. To drift is to position the sails in such a way that the action of the wind on one of them causes the ship to move forward, and the action on the others causes it to move backward, as a result of which the ship is held almost in place.
INCH- a submultiple unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters.
EAT- a word that replaces answers in the fleet: okay, I’m listening, I understand, it will be done. Derived from the English word Yes.
ZHVAKA-GALS- a piece of chain of the same thickness as the anchor rope is attached to a butt embedded in the ship’s hull with a bracket
MAGAZINES watch and engine - a corded book in which the captain's assistant watch on the bridge, in the wheelhouse, and the watch mechanic in the car record all the circumstances of the voyage and all incidents with the ship, mechanisms and its crew at sea, near the shore, while moored at the pier.
ZAGREBNOY- the rower closest to the helmsman, all the other rowers of the boat are equal to him.
LITTLE DOWN- close tightly.
SEIZE, stuck in the pulley - they say about the tackle when something jams it and prevents it from pulling freely.
SOUNWEST- wide-brimmed waterproof marine hat.
SWELL, dead swell - gentle waves without wind, sometimes can reach large sizes; It happens either after a long wind, when the sea cannot immediately calm down, or before the wind, when a strong wind blows nearby and drives a wave in front of it. A small score or ripple is a small disturbance.
GO- the ship is moving, its crew, who takes part in the movement of the ship, is also moving. The passengers carried by the sailors are on their way.
For example, a passenger will say: “I am going on a ship,” and a sailor will say: “I am going on a ship.”
PORTHOLE- a round window made of thick cast glass in a metal frame, mounted into the side of the ship.
CABLE- thick cable. Since previously sailing ships, without the help of towing steamers, often had to be pulled from place to place by bringing a rope with a cable attached to it on a boat, it became common practice to measure a distance of less than a mile by the number of cables. Kabeltov - 100 six-foot fathoms. There are 10 cables in one nautical mile.
HEEL- a thick thread from which cables are twisted, which consist of strands, and the strands are made of heels.
HEEL SLINGS- hemp rings that are connected; they cover the load when lifting with hoists.
CABOTAGE- navigation off their shores and between the ports of their state. Coaster, coaster - vessel. floating off its shores without calling at foreign ports.
GALLEY- ship's kitchen.
CAMLET- dense fabric made of wool (often mixed with silk or cotton fabric).
CAMPAIGN- sailing, trekking navigation.
ROPE- rope was the name given to the thickest perlines and cables, tied to the anchor before using chains for this purpose. Until now, the anchor chain is often called a chain rope or simply an anchor rope.
QUARANTINE FLAG- a yellow quadrangular flag, raised on the front mast and means that everything is safe on the ship in sanitary terms.
CAT- crane for lifting the anchor.
ROLL INTO THE WIND- tilt the bow of the ship into the wind.
CABIN- room on the ship.
QUARTERDECK- aft deck raised to the line of the bulwarks.
QUEBRAKHOV TREE(superbracho) - subtropical South American tree species, have hard, heavy wood, bark and tannic extract.
KEEL- a longitudinal beam or steel sheet that runs along the ship and serves as the basis for its entire structure.
KILSON- an internal keel that goes over the frames (ribs) of the ship.
WAKE- a jet behind the stern of a moving ship.
PLAY THE STEERING WHEEL right or left on board - turn the steering wheel, and therefore the rudder, to the right or left until it stops.
CLOSE, kletnevka - a protective covering of the cable with thin lines in those places where it is subject to constant friction.
JIB- one of the slanting sails on the bowsprit.
CLIPPER- a large, narrow and sharp, fast-moving vessel.
CLIPER-POST- a beautifully curved stem decorated with gilded carvings.
CLOT, klotik - a chiseled cone or circle placed on the top of a mast or flagpole. Thin gear, called signal halyards, is passed through the klotik and serves to raise flags.
HAWSE- a round hole in the side of the ship for passing pearl lines, mooring lines or anchor ropes (anchor fairlead).
KNEKHT- cast iron cabinet or wooden column for attaching gear.
KNOP- a knot at the end of the tackle, not tied, but woven in a special way from loose strands.
KNYAVDIGED- the upper, widened part of the stem on old ships, strongly protruding forward.
CASING- an attachment, an add-on to cover something, for example a chimney casing.
COOK- ship's cook.
BILL OF LADING- cargo document.
COPRA- dried nutritional tissue (endosperm) of the coconut palm fruit - coconut. Used to obtain coconut oil, margarine and soap.
SHIP- 1) the ship in general; 2) a large sailing ship, no less than three-masted, with direct rigging on all masts.
STERN- the rear end of the ship.
DIRK- something like a tetrahedral dagger, used during boarding battles of ships. Subsequently, the dirk acquired the significance of the distinctive personal weapon of naval officers.
COFFEE NAGEL- iron pin for fastening gear.
COFFEE PLANK- a thick oak board with sockets, fixed at the side of a ship or mast for passing dowel pins through it.
CRUMBALL- a bracket on the bow of a ship for hanging an anchor.
KRANETS- a piece of wood or a rough cushion stuffed with soft cork and braided with vegetable rope, hung overboard to protect the ship's hull from friction against a pier or other vessel.
CRUISE- swim in a certain sea between certain places.
BANK- the tilt of a ship on its side, measured in degrees of arc with an instrument called an inclinometer.
COOLER HOLD- keep close to the direction of the wind.
ATTACH THE SAILS- roll up, tie them on the yards, or on the bowsprit, or near the masts.
ATTACH GEAR- wrap or wrap it around the head of the bollard or dowel.
KRUYSEL- topsail on the mizzen mast.
COCKPIT- common living quarters for the team.
WELL- the direction in which the ship is sailing.
TACK- move forward in zigzags against the wind.
PAH- 1) a tool for measuring the distance traveled in travel speed; 2) side of the ship. For example, moor with the log (i.e., sideways) to the pier, to another ship, or put the entire log against the shallows.
LEVENTIK- the position of the sails when they are not inflated and flutter from the wind blowing at their edges.
LEER- a tightly stretched rope, wire or metal rod used to tie sails (rail lines) or to protect people from falling into the water (side rail).
LIE TO- stop the ship's progress and stay in place without giving up the anchor, positioning the sails accordingly or maneuvering the machinery.
LYKTROS, or likovina - a cable with which the sail is sheathed for strength.
TENCH- the cable is less than 25 millimeters in diameter.
LICELY- additional sails placed on the sides of direct sails to increase their area.
LIGHTER- a shallow-draft auxiliary vessel, used to transport and transport cargo to anchored ships.
BLADE- blade of an oar, steamship propeller or wheel; the latter is sometimes called paddle or pliny.
LOT- a device that measures depths; it is used to retrieve soil samples from the bottom of the sea.
LOCATION- part of the science of navigation, a guide for seafarers, a detailed description of the seas and the shores washed by them, lighthouses, signs, lines, etc.
PILOT- a sailor-navigator involved in guiding ships in a certain area: in a strait, port, fiord, canal.
EYES- lined holes in the sail for passing gear.
HATCHES- openings in the decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.
LUSTRIN- thin dark wool or cotton fabric with shine.
MANILA(abaca) - Manila hemp, a fiber obtained from the leaves of the tropical abaca plant. Marine ropes, plant cables, etc. are made from manila.
MANEUVER- control a ship or a group of ships, changing the direction of movement and speed.
MARLIN- a thin line twisted from two heels or threads.
MARS- platform at the junction of the mast with the topmast.
MARSELI- second straight sails from the bottom.
MARTYN-GIK- a wooden or iron spacer under the bowsprit for guiding the rigging of the jig and boom jib.
MAT- a carpet woven from strands or heels of an old cable.
MAST- a vertically or almost vertically installed spar tree, used for lifting sails and weights.
LIGHTHOUSE- 1) a tower with a specially designed lantern at the top; 2) a floating lighthouse - a ship placed on dead anchors near a shoal located far from the shore. Lightships have a characteristic color, an inscription in large letters on the side, balls made of thick rods and strong lanterns on the tops of the masts.
MILE- a maritime unit of length equal to 1852 meters.
MOLESKIN- a type of thick paper fabric used for clothing.
BRIDGE- a platform raised above the sides of the vessel and protected from wind and waves, extending from side to side. The ship is controlled from the bridge.
MONSONS- periodic winds that change their direction depending on the time of year.
MUSHKEL- a massive wooden hammer for rigging work.
VESSEL SET- the totality of all the timber beams and shaped steel strips that make up the skeleton or frame of the ship.
WINDOW SIDE, shore, side - side, shore, board from which or from which the wind blows.
BUILD UP- polish.
BINNACLE- 1) copper cap with a glass window and lamps; does not wear a compass at night or in bad weather; 2) a wooden or silumin cabinet (pedestal) on which the compass is mounted.
FILL THE SAILS- expose the sails to the wind so that they inflate and the ship gets underway.
KNIGHTS- a strong connection of two or more objects with a cable. Rite - tie; to snit - to connect with each other.
NIRAL- gear for lowering or pulling down sails.
NOC- the end of a yard, gaff or boom.
DEWEIGHT THE SAILS- turn them or the ship so that the wind hits the side edge of the sails and they ripple or become leftward.
WALL THE SAILS- turn them or the ship so that the wind hits the sails in the opposite direction and they press against the masts and topmasts. With walled sails, the ship moves in reverse.
Overstay- transition from close-hauled on one tack to close-hauled on another tack through the wind line.
FIRE- a loop braided on a cable.
HOLD- ordering the helmsman to slow down the turn of the vessel that has begun.
DRAFT- the depth of a ship, measured in feet or metric units.
STABILITY- the ability of a ship that has become heeled to quickly straighten out. Insufficient stability, resulting from too high a center of gravity, makes the vessel rolly and even dangerous; it can capsize. Excessive stability makes the motion too rapid, impetuous and shakes not only the masts, but also the hull of the ship.
FUCK AWAY- move away from the pier or other vessel.
GIVE UP- untie, unfasten this or that tackle; give up the sails - release them; give up the anchor - throw it into the water.
SHALLOW- a shoal connected to the shore.
GROOVE- a gap between planks of sheathing or decking. The grooves are caulked and filled with varnish or covered with putty based on drying oil and oil varnish.
DECKS- floorings, the same as floors in houses. The number of decks on a ship shows, as it were, the number of floors. The normal distance between decks is 2 meters; on passenger and new ships it reaches 2.5 and even 3 meters.
APEAK- the moment when raising the anchor, when it has not yet separated from the ground, but the length of the chain is already equal to the depth of the sea and the anchor chain is vertical. After the panera, when the anchor is separated from the ground and the chain shakes, they say: “the anchor has risen.”
PASS WINDS- winds blowing with a fairly constant force (three to four points), their direction does not always remain constant, but varies within narrow, however, limits.
HAWSER- the cable is thicker than 13 centimeters.
PERTS AND SUPPORTS- the cables, now, are always wire, suspended under the yards, on which the sailors stand with their feet, spreading along the yards to attach the sails.
PIER- a pier on stilts, built perpendicular to the shoreline.
GUNWALE- a horizontally placed thick board of hard wood, limiting the upper side of the vessel.
PONTOON- the same as the lighter, but shallower.
LEATHER SIDE, shore, side - side, shore, side opposite to windward.
VALANCE- overhang of the stern of the ship.
PODSHKIPERSKAYA- storage room for ship property.
"HALF-NUCLEAR!"- "Beware!" From the Dutch word "fall under" - "falls down". A warning shout.
PUMPS- ship pumps serving various purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.
PORT- 1) a place near a city where ships are concentrated. Ports can be natural or artificial; 2) a door on the side of the ship: cargo ports, or lasports, cannon ports, garbage ports. Small ports are called half-ports
SWEAT- an oar that replaces a rudder.
SURF, or breakers - excitement near the shore.
BRING- steer closer to the wind line, steer steeper.
STRAIGHT SAILS- sails of a regular quadrangular shape or a regular trapezoid shape, tied to the yards.
DISARM THE SHIP- during long stays and wintering on sailing ships, all the sails are untied and put into the hold, the running rigging is pulled out, blocks are removed, and sometimes the upper yards and topmasts are lowered - this is called “disarming the ship.”
RANGOUT- a collective word to designate all the wooden parts of the ship, such as: masts, topmasts, topmasts, yards, booms, gaffs, cargo booms, etc.
RAY- a transverse tree suspended from the middle, to which one of the straight sails is tied.
RAID- a place more or less sheltered from the winds in front of the port entrance.
REEF- 1) a ridge of stones or coral formations buried under water or barely protruding from it; 2) a series of ties near the sail to reduce its area during increasing winds.
ROSTERS- a place on the deck where the spare spar is stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostra.
CUTTING- 1) a house built separately on a deck with a flat roof; 2) office space: wheelhouse, charthouse.
RUMB- 1/32 of the horizon. The card (a circle attached to a magnetic compass needle) is divided into 32 points and, like any circle, into 360. Compass points, counting from north through east, south and west, have the following names: north (N), nord-ten-ost (NtO), nord-north-east (NNO), nord-ost-ten-nord (NOtN); nord-east(NO), nord-ost-ten-ost(NOtO), ost-north-ost(ONO), ost-ten-noord(OtN), ost(O), ost-ten-south(OtS), East-Southeast(OSO), South-East-Ten-Ost(SOtO), South-East(SO), South-East-Ten-South(SOtS), South-South-East(SSO), South-Ten -east (StO), south-west (S), south-ten-west (Stw) and further: SSW, SWtS, SW, SWtW, WSW, WtS, west (W), WtN, WNW, NWtW, NW, NWtN, NNW , NtW, N.
TILLER- a lever at the steering wheel to control it.
TILLER HAUL- hoists that are placed on the tiller.
horn- a metal cone-shaped pipe to amplify the voice. A large megaphone made from pressed corton or linoleum is called a megaphone.
RUSLENI- platforms for removing shrouds and backstays from the side of the vessel.
EYE- a strong iron ring embedded in the deck, side or pier.
BELL- bell.
Yaw rate- the tendency of a ship to rush towards the wind.
SAZHEN- old Russian measure of length. Since 1835, its size has been defined as 7 English feet, which corresponds to 213.36 centimeters. The navy used a six-foot fathom, equal to 183 centimeters. 100 six-foot fathoms constituted one cable.
CROSSTREES- lattice platform at the connection of the topmast with the topmast.
PILE- a round metal wedge, similar to a large and thick awl, used for rigging work.
FRESH BREEZE- a strong, even wind that has not yet reached the level of a storm.
SEASON, or harness - a short braid or piece of cable used to secure the retracted sails.
SEY-TALI- large hoists for lifting weights.
FLASKS- hourglass. Breaking bottles means time by ringing a ship's bell.
CHEEKBONE- turn, steepness in the lines of the ship’s hull; bottom, bow, stern chine.
SPARDEK- a medium elevated superstructure extending from side to side.
SPLICE- two ends of the cable woven together.
TO GO DOWN- turn the ship, increasing the angle between the ship's course and the direction of the wind.
STAYSAIL- an oblique sail running on rings (raks) along the rod.
STAPEL- the foundation on which the ship is built.
SUPPORT BLOCKS- bars placed under the keel of a ship being built or repaired at a dock.
STEPS- a socket into which the lower end (spurs) of the mast is inserted.
STOP ANCHOR- see ANCHOR.
SLING- a piece of cable woven at the ends into a circle or loop.
LINE- small sling.
SUPERCARGO- a member of the command staff responsible for ensuring the correct and most efficient transportation of goods on a ship.
BAN- row the oars in the opposite direction.
RIGGING- the totality of all gear on the ship. Standing rigging - currently wire ropes securing masts, topmasts, top and top topmasts, bowsprit and jib. Running rigging - consists of part flexible steel, part plant cable and part chain. It passes through the blocks and is used for lifting and turning spar trees, weights, setting and retracting sails.
RIGGING WORK- production of various products from cable, processing of cable for rigging.
WAIST- a cable passed through a pulley system to facilitate traction. (In physics - polyspas)
TALREP- a type of hoist or tension screw for pulling standing rigging or tightening cargo
TWINDECK- intermediate hold deck.
TENT- a canopy made of canvas stretched over the deck to protect people from rain and sun.
TEAK- 1) very strong, rot-resistant Indian wood; 2) striped matter.
TIR- a type of oil varnish.
CROWD- irregular high and short waves.
TONE- top is the top of a vertical spar, for example, a mast, topmast.
TOPENANT- tackle supporting the yardarms, booms and cargo booms.
BEAM- the position of a sign on the shore or an object on the water, perpendicular to the course of the ship.
POISH TACKLE- gradually release, weaken.
CABLE- rope. Cables can be steel, vegetable (hemp, manila, coconut), or nylon. The thickness of the cable is always measured along the circumference.
HOLD- the interior of a ship intended for the transportation of goods.
HUMILITY- the tendency of a ship to rush forward from the wind.
DEEPING THE VESSEL- the distance in decimeters or feet measured from the waterline to the bottom edge of the keel.
KNOT- 1) a conventional measure of speed, denoting nautical miles per hour; 2) knot on the cable.
Oarlocks- metal devices in the form of grips for supporting the oars when rowing.
COMBINE- the second knee of the bowsprit, its continuation. The continuation of the jib is called the bom jib.
GET AWAY FROM THE WAVE- to keep so many sails during a passing storm so that the wave cannot catch up with the ship and roll in from the stern, “cover”, in a maritime expression, which is very dangerous.
FAL- tackle in the form of special hoists, used for lifting spar trees and sails
BULWARK- the upper part of the ship's side, the side above the upper deck.
FALSE FIRE- a cardboard tube filled with sparkler powder and equipped with a handle for holding, used to produce night signals.
FAIRWAY- a deep passage among shoals and other underwater dangers.
FLAG- a rectangular panel made of light woolen fabric - a flagduk - of different colors and serves as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, indicating which state the ship belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally assigned.
FLAGPOLE- the top of a mast or a special pole used to raise the flag.
FLOTILLA- a small detachment of ships.
FLOOR- the lower part of the frame.
FOC- lower sail on the foremast.
FORE MAST- the front mast of the ship.
FORDEWIND- tailwind blowing directly astern.
FORDUN- the same as backstays.
FORE-HATCH- front cargo hatch.
FOREPEAK- a bottleneck in the hold at the very bow of the ship. The same place in the stern is called the afterpeak.
FORCE WITH SAILS- carry more sail than it should at a given wind speed.
FOREEST- the front edge of the ship.
FOOT- a maritime measure equal to 0.305 meters.
FOOT ROD- a long stick marked in feet, used to measure shallow depths.
RUNNING END- the end of the tackle that is being pulled. The reverse end attached to something is called the root end.
WALKER, a good sailor is a fast ship.
CHAIN ROPE, or anchor rope - a chain attached to an anchor.
CYCLONE- an area of low pressure in the atmosphere with a minimum in the center. The weather during this period is predominantly cloudy, with strong winds.
CHECHEN- an island in the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea. Sand spits overgrown with reeds stretch from the shores into the sea. The Chechen lighthouse was installed.
CHICKS- wooden or metal cheeks on the mast under the topsails, sometimes under the salings.
CLEAN ANCHOR- a message from the assistant captain, who is observing the lifting of the anchor from the water, that the anchor has come to the surface not tangled, clean, and the ship can be set underway.
MOOR, moor - pull a ship to the shore, to a pier or to another ship.
DOCKS, or shkhants - part of the deck between the main and mizzen masts, a place of honor on the ship.
WAIST- part of the deck between the fore and main masts.
SQUALL- strong gust of wind.
PENDANT- a short end of the cable with a point at the end.
SHKIF- a wheel with a groove in a block or in a spar.
SKIPPER, or skipper - this is what the captain of a merchant ship used to be called.
SHEET- tackle that attracts the lower corner of the sail to the side, deck or to the foot of the underlying spar.
FRAMED- a wooden or metal rib in a vessel set.
SPACE- distance between frames.
SCUPPER- a hole for water drainage on the side of the ship.
SPIRE- vertical gate.
Spur- the lower part of a vertical spar.
STAG- standing rigging gear holding the spar in front.
STERT- a short piece of tench used to tie something.
STOCK- any pole that has a special purpose - a flagpole, a footpole.
STEERING WHEEL- a wheel with handles used to control the steering wheel.
STORMTRAP- rope ladder with wooden steps.
STURTROS- a cable connecting the tiller to the steering wheel.
SCHOONER- a vessel with slanting sails and at least two masts.
EZELGOFT- double forged ring made of strip metal for connecting the top of the mast with the topmast, the top of the topmast with the topmast, the bowsprit with the jib.
CREW- all personnel of the ship, except passengers.
BOARDSHIP- the place where the ship was built or repaired.
SQUADRON- a large detachment of ships under the command of a person who has his own distinctive flag - a flagship or admiral.
USEN- a thin line, hand-woven from three heels.
CABIN BOY- young sailor apprentice.
UT- part of the deck from the mizzen mast to the end of the stern - the lanyard. The poop is a short, elevated part of the poop, a superstructure starting from the stern, but not reaching the mizzen mast.
YUFERS- a kind of round thick block with smooth holes, called windows, instead of pulleys. Rope lanyards are supported through the deadeyes.
ANCHOR- a forged metal projectile used to stop a ship by engaging it with the seabed. Anchors come in different systems. Two anchors, always ready to release and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there are one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors, used to pull a vessel from place to place by delivery, are called verps. The heaviest verp is called a stop anchor.
ANCHOR ROPE- a chain attached to an anchor.
YACHT- a vessel that has neither military nor commercial significance and serves for the purposes of water sports or recreation.
AUTONOMY Duration of voyage without replenishment.
AZIMUT (celestial navigation) is the angle between the northern part of the plane of the true meridian of the observer and the vertical of the luminary.
AQUATORIA area of water surface.
ANKEROK barrel without tap for fresh water. There is a glass suspended from the cork inside
ANTI-CYCLONE is an area of high atmospheric pressure with air movement around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere).
APSEL mizzen-staysail on two-masted yachts (keechs, iols).
ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree of reinforcement, a structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.
OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa type vessels. 2. Shot of a half-yard with a butt on a hinge at the mast, to remove the braces from the shrouds. (see shot).
AFTERPEAK is the outermost aft, non-residential compartment of the yacht.
BACKSTAY is a standing rigging tackle that secures the mast from the top to the stern
STERN POST element of the longitudinal frame of the yacht's hull, vertically or inclined, attached to the keel
BUTTERFLY is a method of carrying sails on yachts with oblique sails, when at full courses the bow sails are carried to the opposite side in relation to the stern sails to increase speed and stability on the yacht's course.
TANK - a superstructure at the bow end of the yacht. The bow part of the deck is often called the forecastle (see foredeck).
BAKAN (BUCKEN) is a floating navigational situation sign installed at anchor on the border of the fairway or shipping channel, mainly on rivers.
BACK - a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.
BACKSTAY - 1. Course when the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Standing rigging tackle, securing the mast to the side and aft; 3. For the bowsprit - see water backstays 180*.
BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored ship to secure (take on bakshtov) another ship.
BALAST - a load placed inside or outside the hull of a yacht to provide the necessary
BALLAST is a load placed inside or outside the hull of a yacht to ensure the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (placed in a housing, poured into a false keel, etc.).
BALLER - a structure with an axis of rotation or a shaft, rigidly connected at the bottom to the rudder blade, and at the top to the tiller.
BALUN - a forward, additional, fully tailored sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bender, drifter, reacher.
BALESS - a step in the form of a turned lath.
BANK - 1. A seat on small undecked boats, which also serves to spread the sides; 2. Separately located shoal of limited size.
BOW - a piece of canvas sewn onto a sail to reinforce it in places where the reef eyelets are pierced.
BAR - 1. Unit of pressure. 2.Swell-like sediment bank in coastal areas.
BARBARA - additional outhaul of the jib clew to the deck.
BARKHOUT - a thickened belt of outer skin in the waterline area.
RUNNING RIGGING - gear used to set up a movable spar and sails, as well as to control them.
BEYDEWIND - a course when the angle between the center line of the yacht and the wind direction is less than 90*. Steep close-hauled - if the angle is less than 45 *, full - more than 60 *.
BEYFOOT - 1. A ring made of leather-covered cable or iron for attaching a yard or gaff to a mast or topmast; 2. A simple raks-yoke, if the boom (gaff) has a mustache.
BENZEL - tying two thick cables with a line or heel.
BERMUDA SAIL - a rectangular, triangular, oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to sail close-hauled.
GAZERBOA - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto the mast or for working outside the yacht.
MIZAN - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.
MIZAN MAST - the stern mast on multi-masted sailboats, as well as on two-masted yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on an iole, a keeche).
BIMS - below-deck beam of the transverse frame of the yacht hull.
BITENG is a metal cabinet on the deck of a cruising yacht for attaching cables.
BLIND is a straight sail, installed on ancient sailing ships under the bowsprit.
BLINDOWS - a spacer pole for deflecting backstays.
BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axis and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of pull of a cable or chain.
BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - an auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied sail, raised from the spinnaker downwind.
BOKANTS - small shots on the forecastle for carrying the foresail tacks or shots on the BOKANTS - small shots on the forecastle for carrying the fore-tacks to the wind or on the poop for removal and protection from rubbing against the hull and rigging of the braces.
BON - a floating, lightly submerged structure with a deck, fixed in place (to the shore, at anchor, behind the poles), intended for mooring small vessels or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).
BORA is a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of mountains near the sea.
BORG - standing rigging rigging on which the lower yard hangs.
BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windglider, etc.).
SIDE - the side wall (side) of the yacht's hull from stem to stern.
SIDE LIGHTS - ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).
BOUT - a reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sector lining on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, chafing, punching (sewn in) of eyelets, cringles, gats.
FRONT MISTA - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast.
FIRESHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.
BRACE is a running rigging tackle attached to the toe of a spinnaker boom or yard and serves to rotate them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.
Windlass - a deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed for raising the anchor and removing cables when mooring.
BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the clamps to the stem or sternpost.
BRIDEL is an anchor chain (cable), attached by the root end to a dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end to the road mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).
BREEZE is a wind in coastal areas that changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between land and water surfaces (from sea to land during the day, from land to sea at night).
BRIFOCK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, raised on the front mast on a brief yard. Unlike the foresail, the briefs are not tied to the yardarm.
THROWING END - a light rope with a load (lightness) at the end. With its help, mooring lines are supplied.
BROCHING is a phenomenon of complete loss of controllability in tailwinds, when the yacht suddenly falls over the chine and the rudder comes out of the water.
BRUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of the pärtner, preventing water from entering the hull of the yacht.
YOKEL - an iron hoop placed on a spar to strengthen it or connect its component parts.
BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m), flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal vessel with a sprint or gaff rig and shwerts.m and shverts. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for gliding on ice and snow crust.
BUOY - 1. A floating navigational situation sign standing at a dead anchor. Serves, as a rule, to fence off dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and turns of recommended fairways. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoy to a dead anchor. Used for mooring yachts.
BUYREP - 1. A cable connecting a buoy to a dead anchor. 2. A cable with buoyancy (buoy) on the surface and the root end on the anchor trend, to indicate the place of anchor release, and, if necessary, to facilitate its separation from the ground.
TOWING - traction of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a towing rope (tug), or by pushing, or by a log (towing a vessel moored side to the tug).
TOWING LIGHT - A yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.
BULBOKIL - a design of a finned yacht keel with a heavy ballast (bulb) of a streamlined shape attached to the lower edge.
BOWLINE - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the luff of a slanting sail, used to adjust the profile of the sail. 2. Tackle for carrying forward the windward, side luff of a straight sail.
BAY - a small bay separated from the sea by capes or islands.
CABLE COIL - 1. Cable or tackle coiled in circles or figures of eight. 2. Packaging a new cable in the form of a hollow cylinder.
BUSHPRIT - a horizontal or inclined spar tree that protrudes forward from the bow of the yacht and serves to carry the stays and tack angles of the jibs.
BULL-PRIDE - see Gorden.
CABLES are standing rigging gear that secures the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the shrouds are attached to turnbuckles (eyefaces), through which the loads are transferred to the shrouds (special fittings, deck fittings) fastened to the hull frame.
WATER BACKSTAYS - gear that attaches the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.
WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden beams running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Water flow on the open deck along the sides.
WATER-VULING - fastening the bowsprit to the cutwater (cable, chain, etc.).
WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the hull of the yacht and dividing - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the hull of the yacht, dividing the side into surface and underwater. 2. The curve of a theoretical drawing of a ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the hull surface with a horizontal plane.
WATER-STAY - standing rigging gear that secures the bowsprit downwards (the stem).
WATCH SERVICE (WATCH) is the main type of duty on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel, etc. are entered in the logbook.
WELPS - ribs on the capstan drum (windlass) that prevent the cable from slipping.
ANCHOR SPINDLE - the longitudinal rod of the anchor.
VERP - auxiliary, imported anchor on a ship.
VERPOVING - movement by pulling up to a rope, which is brought to the right place on a boat.
VERTICAL (luminaries) - a large circle on the celestial sphere, passing through the zenith, nadir, and luminary.
SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw tightening mechanism (see lanyard).
MILESTONE is a floating navigational sign designed to fence off dangers and indicate the sides of the fairway. Consists of a pole on a sprit buoy and a golik or other top figure.
TAKING REEFS - Reducing the area of the sail for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefers or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.
WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.
WINDSAIL - a rotating, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.
CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.
ARMAMENT OF A SAILING SHIP - a set of sails, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and practical things intended for setting, cleaning and controlling sails. There are two main types of sailing rigs: oblique, with sails parallel to the centerline plane (DP) of the hull, and straight, with sails on yards, perpendicular to the DP of the vessel.
RESTORATION OF A DOORBOAT (CATAMARAN) - lifting a dinghy (catamaran) onto an even keel when it has laid its sails on the water or made an overkill turn.
VULING - 1. Cable hoists placed closely next to each other on a single-shaft mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-wooling.
SELECT - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.
SELECTION - 1. A step made of cable with cables. 2. Whitened sea knot.
VEMBOVKA - a wooden lever for rotating the spire manually.
PICKING - wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by impacts of the bottom and sides on the water - slamming and water rolling onto the deck.
LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction towards the luminary.
SHOT - a spar tree resting on another spar tree, side or hull structure for the removal of gear or rigging. See also - outrigger.
HARBOR is a coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for the mooring of ships.
HACK - a hook used to lift or secure a load.
HACKBOARD - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale, for mooring ships.
HAK - a hook used for lifting or securing a load
HACKBOARD - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure (poop) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.
TAIL LIGHT - towing light (yellow) placed at the stern of the towing vessel.
GALS - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. There are right and left tacks, based on the name of the bortayo, into which the wind blows. 2. Tackle, a waist, with the help of which the lower, windward corner of the sail is held - the tack.
GULFWIND - course relative to the wind, when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half the wind).
latrine - 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. The area above the cutwater served as a latrine on ancient sailing ships.
LATILE FIGURE - bow decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.
HANDICAP - a coefficient or value measured in seconds used for comparative assessment of the results shown in races by yachts with different racing scores.
GARDEL - running rigging gear for lifting lower yards and gaffs.
GAT - a hole in a sail, spar or hull structure for wiring gear, placing pulleys, etc.
GAFEL - an inclined spar tree, raised along the mast and resting against it with the heel. The gaff is used to stretch the upper luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as to fasten the clew corners of topsails. Sails raised on a gaff are called gaff rigs, and the rigging of a vessel with such sails is called a gaff rig.
HELMPORT - a cutout in the lower part of the stern or sternpost of the vessel for routing the rudder stock. A helm port pipe is usually installed above the helm port (watertight), in which the rudder stock is hung.
GENOA is a large, wide jib with a clew extending beyond the mast of the yacht.
The boom is a horizontal spar resting with its heel on the mast through a swivel (for sails - aft of the mast). It is used to stretch the lower luff of the oblique sail and is called (mainsail-gikyo, mizzen-gik, etc.). Equipped with: gika-shkotomyo, topenantomyo, gikayo quickdraw, block-haul. To stretch the lower luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.), and for taking reefs - pendants and reef tackles. The boom with a patent reef has a special rig. The boom for the head sails (jib-boom, jib-boom) rests through a swivel on a fitting near its forestay. See also spinnaker boom.
GINI-tales with increased block sizes, number of pulleys and thickness of lapars. Giniyos, at a minimum, have two three-pulley or two- and three-pulley blocks.
GITS - running rigging gear for pulling the clew corners of a straight sail or the luff of a slanting sail to the gaff and mast when retracting it.
VERB-GAK - a folding hook held in working position by a special chain link.
Planing is a mode of movement of a yacht, in which, under the influence of the dynamic forces of water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while the speed increases (the vessel goes on planing).
STEAL - give the boat forward motion using special helical movements of the stern oar.
GONG is a metal device in the shape of a plate for producing sound signals.
GOLIK - wicker top figure on a milestone.
RACES - yacht competitions. They are divided into class races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing points) and handicap races - with different races. points.
RACING YACHT - sailing yachts designed to participate in races. They are divided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.
RACING SCORE - a value expressed in meters or feet and indicating the speed potential - the racing power of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculations using special formulas.
GORDEN - 1. a lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Running rigging gear for pulling the luff of a straight sail to the yard. A pride that pulls up the sail by the middle of the luff is called a bull-gorden.
GREP - the lower part of the cutwater.
GROT - an oblique sail, raised on the main mast (to the stern) of a yacht with an oblique rig, or straight, the lowest sail on the main mast of a yacht with a straight rig.
GROT MAST - the second from the bow and subsequent ones, except for the stern, mast on a multi-masted sailing ship; middle mast on a three-masted ship; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted ship; mast if she is alone.
Mainsail-sheet - gear that stretches the lower luff of the mainsail along the boom.
GRUNTOV - a piece of cable securing the travel boat to the dinghy beams.
VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which an object can be seen in the sea. There are geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.
DEVIVATION - (for a magnetic compass) the deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic needle, card) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the influence of the ship’s own magnetic field.
DEADWOOD - the underwater part of the stern or bow of a vessel at the junction of the keel with the sternpost or stem. On yachts it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, tanks, etc.
FITTINGS - the general name for some removable elements of equipment on a yacht (portholes, doors, ladders, railings, brackets, blocks, etc.).
DINGY is a type of single racing dinghy (crew - 1 person).
DP - diametral plane (yachts).
DIRIK-FAL - running rigging gear for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.
TRIM - the inclination of the ship in the longitudinal plane.
BOTTOM - the recessed, underwater part of the ship’s hull plating.
GET - see choose.
DREK - boat anchor.
DREKTOV - anchor rope of a boat anchor.
DRIFT - the drift of a moving yacht from its course line under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the angle of drift enclosed between the wake (track line) and the yacht's DP.
ZHVAKA-GALS is a special device or attachment point for the main end of the anchor rope (chain) on a ship.
SURVIVABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness when damaged. It is ensured by unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical equipment and crew preparedness.
BALL-TALI - gear for holding the boom, preventing it from spontaneously being thrown to the other side at full heading.
LAY - 1. Secure the end, the cable. 2.Lay a tack (jarg) - a long movement on one tack.
ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the horizon plane.
NAVIGATION SIGNS - landmarks and structures that serve to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).
PORTHOLE - a glazed opening in the side, superstructure, upper deck of a yacht.
IOL is a type of rig on a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast behind the steering gear.
TRUE COURSE - the course of the yacht taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.
CABLES - a distance of 1/10 part of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).
CABLE - the original component of a plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.
KALISHKA (kanga) - a random curl or twist of the cable that prevents its free passage through the block pulley, fairlead, etc.
GALLEY - kitchen on a yacht.
CUNNINGHAM - soft, tacked Bermuda-cut sails (mainsail, mizzen).
CARRIAGE - an adjustable or movable device on the chase for transferring the direction of the boom-sheet pull.
CARD - a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.
CAT - a hoist or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through a cat-beam.
CAT-BALKA - a shot on the foredeck to lift the anchor on board.
CATAMARAN is a yacht with two parallel hulls connected along decks. Has increased lateral stability.
ROCKING - vibrations of a yacht under the influence of waves, divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).
CABIN - yacht living space.
KECH is a type of rig on a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast in front of the steering gear.
keeling - 1. Artificial tilting of the yacht until the keel is exposed while moored (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Dragging the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.
KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal frame, lying in the DP of the ship.
KEEL BLOCK - an element of a supporting device for placing a yacht on land.
WHEEL - a formation of ships sailing in one line one after another.
WAKE JET - a trace on the surface of the water behind a moving yacht.
KILSON - (flor-timber) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.
KIPA - a diverting device on the deck for guiding the sheet of the head sail (staysail) to the winch, cleat.
BAY PLANK - a device for changing the direction of gear and preventing its breaks.
CLAMP - a stopper in the form of a lining on a spar tree that prevents the gear covering this tree from slipping.
KLEVANT - a cylindrical wooden block for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.
CLASH - a thin line placed around the cable when it is braided.
CLANTERING is a type of rigging work in which thin strips of tarred canvas (clate) are placed on the cable, and then a cage.
JIVER - 1. An oblique, triangular sail, which is placed in front of the jib. The next sail in front of it is called a boom jib. If the jib is placed without attachment to the forestay (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Head sail on a boat equipped with a split foresail.
KLOTIK - a wooden or metal blind washer worn on the top.
HAWKE - a hole in the bulwark, deck or side, edged with a rod or casting, used for guiding a cable or chain.
KLAMSY - thick belts, strengthened on the inside of the side of the ship, on which beams are placed.
KNEKHT is a part of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are laid in figures of eight.
BOOK - a plate (piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape that connects the beams of the ship's hull that converge at an angle.
KNOP - a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.
KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the cutwater.
COCKPIT is an open-top, enclosed space on a yacht for the crew to work while underway. A common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.
COAMINGS - vertical, waterproof fencing for hatches and other openings in the deck of a ship, as well as the threshold at the entrance to the room.
COMPASS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of the external magnetic field.
COMPASS COURSE - the yacht's compass course.
COMPROMIS is a type of hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.
THE END- 1.Not a metal cable on a yacht. 2. The actual ends of the tackle, one of which
the main one (fixed), and the other one is the running one (movable).
COUNTERTIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal frame, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.
BUTTERFORCE - 1. Spacer in a link of the anchor chain. 2. Spacer at the bulwark posts or rail posts.
ROOT END - see End.
STERN - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (countertimber) and transom (if equipped).
STERN LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (COLREG-72).
YACHT HULL - the basis of the yacht, consisting of the outer shell (outer plating, upper deck flooring, superstructures and deckhouses), supported by frame and bulkheads.
OBLIQUE SAIL - see Armament.
KOSH - metal inner frame of the cable loop (ogan).
COFFEE NAGEL - a metal or wooden pin for laying gear.
COFFEE-DONNING PLAN - a massive, rigidly fixed strip at the mast or side with holes for dowel-dowels.
CRUMBALL - see Cat-beam.
FRANCH - a device used to absorb impacts and protect the side of the yacht from a pier or other vessel at moorings and anchorages.
FRANCH BOARD - a board suspended from the side of the yacht between the pier and the fenders.
SPREAD - 1. Spacer that removes the shrouds from the mast. 2. Cross beam placed on the long saling. 3.Protrusion on the bit to support the chain hose.
CRUISING - sailing (walking) on a yacht from port to port, along a specific route.
ROLL - inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).
KRENGEL - a ring, loop, half ring sewn into the sail at the luff or luff.
STEP COURSE (SHARP COURSE) - close-hauled. Steep (sharp) walking - the ability to keep the yacht in a steep close-haul without losing speed. The opposite is to walk around.
CIRCULAR LIGHT - a white light with a circular glow, usually displayed on a ship at anchor. For more details, see COLREG-72 and anchor lights.
CRUYS-BEARING - determining the position of the yacht by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.
KUBRIK - a room on a yacht for accommodating crew and equipment.
HEADING ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the yacht's DP and the direction to the landmark.
YACHT COURSE - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. There are compass (CC), magnetic (MC) and true (IR) courses.
YACHT COURSE RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the wind direction and the yacht's DP. There are: close-hauled, halfwind, backstay and jibed (right or left tack).
CUTTER - see tender.
KET is a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast placed on the foredeck.
TACKING - moving a yacht towards a target located to windward on close-hauled courses, periodically changing tacks (zigzag).
LAG - a device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of a ship.
LAGLIN - a line with special markings for hand and outboard logs.
LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or underway "relative to each other when they are aligned side to side."
LATA - a thin, flat flexible strip made of wood or plastic, inserted into a batten pocket sewn from the luff on a Bermuda-cut sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.
LATIN WEAPON - oblique armament with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rake (ryu).
WINCH - a mechanism for increasing traction when selecting gear by transmitting forces through gears of various diameters.
LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht with its bow against the wind when the sails stop working.
LEDGES - half beams, timber between carlings.
LINE - 1. A metal rod or cable along a spar for tying sails. 2. Fencing the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal railings
racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.
LYING IN DRIFT - being under the influence of external forces (wind, current), without using them for purposeful movement.
FLYING SAILS - those bow sails that are not attached along the luff to the forestays and are usually set in light winds.
LIGHTWEIGHT - a canvas bag with sand braided on top. Attaches to the throwing end and facilitates targeted throwing.
LIKPAZ - a semi-closed groove on (in) the spar tree, into which the lycrop or luff sliders of the sail are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and retracting of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the forestay pier.
LIKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic rope of flat lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (luff) to increase its strength and fasten it to the spar. For jibs (jibs) on yachts, flexible steel cables are used, which are sewn into the luffs of the sails.
LINEK - a short tip, with a knot at the end, for punishing sailors in the old navy.
LIN - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided rope with a circumference of up to 25 mm.
Widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flag-falls, lots, throwing ends, etc.).
TRAIL LINE - the line along which the vessel actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.
LISEL - the lower flying sail of direct weapons, is placed on a special spar tree - fox-spirit. On yachts it is placed under the boom at full heading.
LOXODROMIA - a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the Mercator projection, rhoxodrome
represented by a straight line.
LONGA-SALINGI - longitudinal beams on the lower part of the top of the mast or topmast, which, together with spreaders and chicks, serve as the basis of the topsail or salinga.
LOPAR - part of the cable located between blocks or deadeyes.
LOT - a device (device) for measuring depths from the side of a ship.
LOTLINE - a line with a special marking of a hand lot to which a load is attached.
LOCATION - 1. Section of navigation that studies the conditions of navigation in the water basin.
2. The name of the navigation manual containing a detailed description of individual areas of water basins, their banks, navigational conditions, etc.
PIlot - a specialist in piloting ships in a certain area. Sometimes he is required to be accepted on board, but in no way replaces the captain.
BILLLE - a recess in the hold of a ship for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge water.
Grommet - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.
LUGER - 1. An oblique trapezoidal sail hoisted on a rack. 2. Vessel with a lugger.
HATCH - a hole in the deck of a yacht for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of premises.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION - the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for eastern declination, negative for western declination.
MAGNETIC COURSE - course taking into account magnetic declination.
MARK-1. Method of sealing the end of the cable. 2. Mark on the tackle, line.
MARKIZOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traverse (19th century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went further than Kronstadt.
MARS is a platform at the top of the mast for distributing wall shrouds and working with sails.
MARSEILLE is the second straight sail from the bottom, placed between the tops yard and the lower yard.
MARTIN-GIK - a spar tree suspended vertically under the end of the bowsprit for jib and bom-stays and martin backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.
MARTIN BACKSTAY - a cable running from the end of the Martin boom to the side of the ship.
MARTIN-STAG - a cable running from the end of the Martin boom to the end of the jig.
MAT - a mat or rug made of soft rope.
MAST is a vertical spar tree that rises above the upper deck and is located, as a rule, in the DP of the ship. On a yacht it is used to set sails.
MAYAK is a navigation structure with a light source and its own fire characteristic, which serves to determine the location of the vessel.
SHALLOW - part of a water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.
MEL - a section of the bottom separated from the shore by deep water.
MERCATOR PROJECTION - a normal, equiangular cylindrical projection, most common in the preparation of nautical charts.
MEASUREMENT LINE (MILE) - a section of coastal waters with special leading marks on the shore, intended for measuring speeds and log errors.
MIDEL-FRAME (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship’s hull with a vertical, transverse plane dividing its theoretical length in half
MILE (nautical) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m.).
NAVIGATING TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigational and astronomical problems.
COLREG-72 - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions, 1972
MUSING - a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable that serves as a support for the legs.
MUSHKEL is a wooden hammer used for rigging and finishing work.
ON THE WAY - the term “underway” means that the ship is not at anchor, not moored to the shore and is not aground (COLREG-72).
YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the skeleton of the yacht and the support for the hull.
WALK - touching the hull of a ship with a pier or the side of another ship without first extinguishing its own inertia.
WINDWARD (side, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To be upwind is to be on the side from which the wind is blowing.
NAVIGATION - 1. Navigation, shipping. 2. Section of the navigation course.
NAGEL - 1. A wooden or metal rod for fastening the hull and mast elements of a yacht. 2.See coffee dowel.
NADIR is the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon line.
SUPERSTRUCTURE - an enclosed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.
BRACKETS - gear for securing equipment and property. To lash - to fasten.
DECK LAYER - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.
NAUTOFON is an electromagnetic sound emitter that works in fog at individual lighthouses.
PATCH - reinforcement along the luff of a canvas sail.
POSITION MISCONNECTION - discrepancy between the calculated and observed positions of the vessel.
NEDGERS - beams on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.
UNSINKABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.
NIRAL - running rigging gear for cleaning oblique sails.
NOK is the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar.
The other end, which rests on the mast, is called the heel.
BOW - the forward end of the vessel.
ZERO DEPTH - conditional surface from which depths given are calculated
on nautical charts. Last year take the average long-term sea level, and in
tidal waters - the lowest possible level. In most European
maps for the year accept the average level of spring low waters.
HULL CONTOURS - the external outlines of the yacht’s hull, which largely determine the performance
high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull weight, displacement, capacity
cost, etc. Mainly divided into traditional (with elongated chin-
lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) lines.
LINK - sew on the lyktros.
YACHT MEASUREMENT - a special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing gear
weapons, structural elements and equipment of the yacht for the purpose of establishing
its suitability for a particular class of yacht or for calculating a race score.
OBSERVATION - determination of the ship’s position based on observations of objects with known geo-
graphic coordinates (shore landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).
SKINING - the surface material of the side of the yacht.
OVERKILL - turning over (capsizing) a yacht through (up) the keel (keel), like a re-
the result of an unsuccessful maneuver or a fall from a steep wave. Overkill is a common accident
sports dinghies. Techniques for their rapid restoration have been developed.
Overstay - a turn when the yacht changes tack with the bow crossing the wind line.
LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1. Part C as part of COLREG-72. 2. Ship navigation lights and signs,
mandatory to be carried on board ships in accordance with COLREG-72, are a source of inter-
information from the courts necessary to assess the situation and ensure safe,
competent maneuvering and divergence.
OGON - loop at the end of the cable.
HOLD - slow down the turn of the yacht, the inertia when mooring, and prevent a pile-up.
BRAID - sealing (tying) the ends, braids, gear or spar with a thin line for
prevent gear from unwinding or snagging. See also - slandering.
ORTHODROMY - the arc of a great circle on the surface of the globe - the shortest distance
standing between two points.
DRAFT - deepening of the yacht.
EQUIPMENT - 1. The rigging system on the yacht is standing and running rigging. See also-weapon-
yachting. 2. The process of attaching the main ends and wiring the running ends of the gear.
STABILITY - the ability of a yacht, which has become heeled for any reason, to straighten
lie. Insufficient stability resulting from too high a center
gravity, makes the yacht a roll prone to capsizing. Excessive stability
This leads to very sharp rolling, dangerous for the hull and spar.
SHARP COURSE - close-hauled. See also - steep course.
LEAVE - move the yacht away from the pier or other vessel.
GIVE AWAY - untie, unfasten, completely loosen the tackle, end. Give up the anchor - bro-
put it in the water and rip out the anchor end (chain).
DISTINGUISHING LIGHTS - See lights and signs.
SHALL - a shoal starting directly from the coastline.
GUARD - tackle, a device with traction, usually to the deck. Designed to control
connection with moving elements of the spar (booms, outrigger, etc.) or to ensure
creating the required thrust on the luffs of the slanting sails (canningham, barbara, etc.).
DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the starting and final points of navigation,
calculated by the mean parallel in nautical miles.
PAYOL - flooring of the yacht's hold. As a rule, it is made completely or partially removable.
Groove - a gap between planks of sheathing or deck. The grooves are caulked, puttied
ut or fill with sealant.
PAL- 1.Hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for
mooring booms and ships. 2.Metal bar that prevents reverse
rotation of the spire.
PALGUN - the foundation of a spire with a gear rack around the circumference.
DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.
PANER is the moment when raising the anchor, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and
the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.
SAIL is a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of useful thrust of the yacht (by type)
pu wing in the air flow). Sails come in hard (profiled) and soft
cues, from plant or synthetic materials.
SAILING WEAPONS - see the armament of a sailing ship.
PATENT-RIF - a device that allows you to wind a sail on a boom or on a rod inside
three booms for taking reefs.
BEARING - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,
passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to the courses,
There are compass (CP), magnetic (MP) and true (TP) bearings.
PENTER-HACK - a hook placed behind the claw or behind the bracket on the spindle of the anchor when it is raised
on the rustic or on the deck.
BULKHEAD - a wall dividing the interior space of the yacht into compartments (rooms
nia), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. The load-bearing bulkhead is involved
in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in ensuring
unsinkability of the ship.
RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled element of the rudder that ensures the creation
lateral force and moment required to control the yacht. Located
in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.
PERTULINE - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.
PERTS - cables stretched under the yard, on which sailors stand when working with sails.
PILLERS - a vertical post that supports the deck of a ship.
PIER - a pier on stilts, installed at an angle to the shore line.
Buoyancy is positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely flooded.
GUNSHIRE - a strip (beam) limiting the bulwark along the upper edge.
PLASTIC - coated, multi-layered, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles
along the perimeter, to close the hole in the side (apply, place a plaster).
Shoulder strap - a bar (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or piles along it.
Leeward - see windward.
PIDVOLOK - covering the ceiling in the interior.
VILLAGE - overhang of the stern of the yacht.
SELECT (PICK UP) - see choose.
HALFWIND - Gulfwind course.
FULL COURSE - jibe and backstay courses. In turn, courses such as beide-
The wind and backstay can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).
TRAFFIC LANE - a certain area within which a one-stop
forward movement of ships.
SEMI-FLEASE - overhead fairlead with a cut for inserting a cable.
POMP - a mechanism for pumping liquids.
PONTON - a floating structure for supporting various devices on the water.
GROUNDING is an emergency stop of a vessel due to the keel or bottom touching the ground.
BALANCE BEAM - a beam reinforced along the freeboard protects the side
during pile-ups and during parking.
ADJUST (toward the wind) - change the course of the yacht closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.
PRESSING - mooring lines supplied perpendicular to the vessel's DP.
TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action
tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun.
PROA is a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float located away from the main body.
LONGITUDINAL - moorings supplied from the bow forward, from the stern back.
STRAND - a component of a cable, in a vegetable cable it is twisted from heels, in a steel cable
twisted from identical wires.
STRAIGHT SAIL - see the rigging of a sailing ship.
TRAIL ANGLE (PU) - horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian -
on and line of the path.
PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of a yacht through which the mast passes.
HEEL - 1. The end of the spar resting against the mast. The other, free end is a nok.
2. The outer (lower) part of the trend is at the anchor.
SPLIT FORE Sail, consisting of two parts: the front one - the jib and the back one -
foresail raised on a common rack (boat sail).
SINK - side overhang at the stern of the vessel.
RAXES - metal rings or half rings, put on a forestay and tied to the front
on the luff of the jib or jib. On modern yachts, carabiners have been replaced -
mi or stay-pier.
RAX-BUGEL - 1. variant of the cable version of the bayfoot, when it is supplemented with rax-slime-
mi (wooden plates) and raks-klots (turned balls). 2.Ring with
a hook that runs along the mast and serves to lift the sail rake.
SPART TREE is the traditional name for a yacht spar, a set of over-
lube structures and parts of yacht rigs intended for
setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).
REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of a mechanical propulsion in the opposite direction
opposite (propeller, water cannon).
REGATTA is a sailing competition consisting of a series of races for various yachts.
RATK - 1. A spar, used for lifting the luff of an oblique, che-
a three-cornered, raked sail with a halyard laid behind the rax yoke. Unlike
from the gaff, the rack extends beyond the mast to the bow. 2. Staysail (jib)-boom. 3. Any thin
and a long spar element, used for the first time to carry sails on a yacht.
REY - a horizontal spar tree suspended from the middle and used for
attaching straight sails to it. The signal yard is designed for lifting
there are signal flags and signs (figures) on it.
RAID - an open, coastal part of the water surface intended for parking
vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.
RAILING - 1. A rigid, metal deck railing at the bow or stern of the yacht.
2. Railings - racks with longitudinal connections, replacing or extending
bulwark.
TURNIP - a special sealing of the end of the cable by weaving strands.
READERS - iron strips placed crosswise over the inner lining
or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.
RIF - underwater, or located just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.
RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the luff
to increase its strength at the base of the reef sections (eyelets).
REEF GATES - (eyelets) holes in the sail through which reef lines are passed.
REEF-STERTS - see reef-sterns.
RIF-TALI - a hoist for pulling the luff to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.
REEF-PENDANT - gear for pulling the luff or luff to the boom
oblique sail when taking reefs.
REEF-SHTERTY (SHKERTY) - (reef seasons) short gear based in reef ghats (lu-
versakh), for tying the sail to the spar (rail) when taking reefs.
REEF SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the area of the sails using special
nal devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.
RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of light fabric with a high clew
angle and a large sickle along the luff. Placed in place of the jib.
ROMBOVANTS - shrouds passing through spreaders and secured at both ends
on the mast. Diamond spokes, as a rule, fall slightly forward.
ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for installing boats on board a vessel.
ROSTERS - 1. A set of spare spars on a ship. 2. A row of beams on the sail -
nicks resting on the deckhouse, and on the sides on racks, serve to accommodate
ship's boats.
ROLL - a drum rotating on an axis with a groove for a cable, used as part of
bales, fairleads, blocks, etc.
HOUSEHOLDING - a structure on the deck of a yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.
RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.
RUMB is a unit of plane angle in navigation, equal to 1\32 parts of a circle (11.25*).
TILLER - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.
LOCKER - 1. A closed box for personal belongings, built into the bed. 2. Premises on
shore for storage of yacht property.
RUSLEN - a small platform on the outer side of the side for attaching the deadeyes of the cables.
RUSTOV - a chain or cable holding the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.
FISH - wooden slats sewn over frames to prevent
damage to both the cargo placed in the hold and the sides.
RYU- 1. Lath in lateen sailing equipment. 2.Predecessor of the gaff on sailboats
ships when he went forward behind the mast.
RYNDA - a special ringing (2 strokes) on the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate
time (beating bells).
RYNDA-BOWLINE - a short rope with a button at the end, tied to the tongue of the bell.
SALING - a spar assembly in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-saling) and
pepper (spread) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to drain
bram and wall-rods.
PILE - a tool for rigging work, punching strands when weaving cables.
SKYLIGHT - a rectangular hatch in the deck of a yacht, fenced with a coaming.
SEGARS - rings that move freely along the mast (gaff) and serve for fastening
the luff of the sail to the spar.
SEZNI - ends for tying (tying) sails or parts thereof in assembled form.
SEY-TALI - hoists based between single-pulley and double-pulley blocks.
SEKSTAN - reflective type goniometric instrument for measuring celestial heights
luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.
SKY LIGHT - deck, skylight.
SKEG is an enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder on some yachts.
SKLIZ is the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden paths for yachts.
DECLINATION-see magnetic declination.
BOTTLES - see bell.
CHINESE is the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp
curvilinear and “broken” cheekbones.
CHYGLE KEEL - a rib installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the bilge to the stern, forward
perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm) pitching.
SLABS - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trysail) to a mast or boat sail
SLEAMING - vibration of the hull when the bottom part of the bow end of the yacht is hit
about oncoming waves.
GEAR - vegetable, synthetic or steel cable, having a name and use -
used for setting, cleaning and controlling sails and masts on a yacht.
DELAY - deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between
DP of the yacht and the route line, excluding wind drift.
SORLIN - a cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or a cable (chain),
connecting the rudder blade to the body, to avoid loss of the rudder if it breaks.
SPINNAKER - triangular, isosceles, fully cut from lightweight fabric, front
a sail that is set on courses from gulfwind to jibe with windward
angle using a spinnaker boom and brace. The leeward brace is called a sheet.
SPINAKER-BOOM - a shot from the mast to move the spinnaker's throw angle into the wind.
SPLASH - connection of two cables of the same thickness.
Staysail - closest to the mast, forward, oblique sail.
Staysail-boom - see boom.
STANDING ANCHOR - the main anchor released from the bow.
STAR-KNITSA - a knuckle connecting the sternpost with the keelson.
MARKING SIGNS - coastal, paired navigational situation signs (lighthouses, farms
with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate direction, width
fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.
STEM - stem on wooden ships.
Topmast - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the mast, raised with the help of
a wall-strap and held on the sides by a wall-shrouds, and at the rear by a wall-forduns.
STEPS - a wooden or metal socket (support) on the keel, in (on) which is placed
the mast with its spur.
STOP-ANCHER - an auxiliary, spare anchor, usually stowed on the poop deck.
STOPPER - 1. Device for clamping the running end. 2. Knot (button) at the end of the tackle, for
preventing it from spilling out of the block (bale).
STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.
STRINGER is a longitudinal element of the ship's hull frame. There are bottom, zygomatic,
side and deck stringer (carlings).
SLING- 1. A device made of cables for gripping (girth) and hanging from the hook of the load-
call. 2. A short end for tying something.
SHIP ROLE - list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions
on a yacht, recording the time and port of arrival/departure, on a form indicating the name
the vessel's location and its port of registry.
SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS - the main lights that all ships must carry in
sea: side, top, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.
GANDWAY - a portable ladder used to go ashore.
PATH CALCULATION - calculation of the coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift
fa and demolition. Hence the countable place.
TIDE TABLES - aids used to determine the moments of the onset
and heights of high and low waters every day, as well as heights of water levels at any
point in time at coastal points.
RIGGING - a set of gear for attaching and controlling the spar and sails.
The rigging is divided into standing ones - for securing the spar (shrouds, backstays, for-
dunes, stays), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into running
rigging (spar halyards, braces, spar sheets, topenants, etc.) and running
sail rigging (sail halyards, nyrals, sail sheets, etc.).
TALI - traction, load-lifting device with manual or mechanical drive,
consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which
the cable is passed through. The presence of one lopar in the hoists reduces the applied force
doubled. See also hvat-tali, sei-tali, gini and lopar.
TURLEP - 1. A swivel, consisting of a body into which two steel rods are screwed -
ka with fittings for fastening tightened elements (gear, spar, etc.).
2. Eye eyes and a cable between them for tightening the standing rigging
TENDER (CUTTER) - a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-masted yachts carrying
more than one headsail.
TOLBOY - a narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher on courses 45 * -
120* to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp backstays.
BOOMBUY - a buoy tied with a thin cable (buyrep) to the trend of the anchor, to indicate
places where the anchor is released and the ability to lift the buoy on board. See buyrep.
TOP - the upper end of a vertical spar (mast, flagpole, etc.).
MASTER LIGHT - shining forward, white light on the mast, along the ship's DP. See COLREG-72.
TOPENANT - running rigging gear for holding parts at the desired angle to the deck
lei spar (reeves, geeks, etc.).
TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.
TRAVEL - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.
ETCH - loosen, release or skip the cable while holding it. Reverse
action - choose.
TRANSOM - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.
TRANSOM PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as an extension of its bottom, for adjusting trim and roll.
GALLERY - a staircase for communication between rooms on a yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, out of the water.
TRAPEZE - a safety rope from the mast of a racing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when heeling (countering the wind, heeling moment).
TRAILER - a trailer for a car for transporting yachts, lowering them and lifting them out of the water.
TREND - the connection point between the arms and the anchor spindle.
TRIMARAN - three-hulled yacht.
TRISEL- 1. Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, made of durable canvas. It is installed instead of the mainsail, with a free luff (without a boom).
2. On sailboats, a slanting, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trysail mast behind the main one.
ROPE - rope-rope product made of natural or artificial fibrous
materials or steel wire.
HOLD - the space in the hull of a yacht between the inner lining and the floorboards.
TUZIK is a small boat on a yacht, secured on the deck.
TURACHKA - capstan drum, windlass.
FALL (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht’s DP and the wind direction increases. DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.
DEMOLITION ANGLE - see demolition.
BOOSTER - sea knot.
KNOT is a unit of speed accepted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.
WISHBON - a bent boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).
CONTROLLABILITY - the ability of a yacht to obey the control of the rudder and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.
STABILITY (on course) - the ability of a yacht not to deviate from the main course. Depends on design features and crew qualifications. MUSTACHS - curved, wooden strips on the heel of the gaff or boom, covered with leather and clasping the mast. DUCK is a small two-horned bar for fastening the free end of the cable.
FAL - gear used for lifting individual parts of the spar, sails, flags, etc.
FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of a boat.
BULK - a belt above the deck of a yacht, designed as a continuation of the side.
FALSEKILL - 1. A heavy casting or loaded cavity of a streamlined shape attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars, stuffed from below onto the keel beam, to protect it from damage to the ground.
FAIRWAY - a safe passage for ships in an area of navigational hazards.
FITTING - a fixed metal butt (device) for attaching gear to it.
FLOOR - the lower part of the frame frame.
FOC- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2.Oblique, triangular
a sail (foresail staysail) hoisted on the forestay of a tender, sloop.
FORE MAST - the forward mast on a sailing ship with three or more masts. On a two-match
On commercial sailing ships, the front mast is the foresail, if it is lower or equal to the rear one.
FORDEWIND - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.By-
gate when the yacht crosses the wind direction with her stern while changing tack.
FORDEK - the bow part of the deck of a ship.
FORDUNS - 1. Standing rigging carried from the top of the mast to the sides and stern,
complementing the backstays and, at times, replacing the backstay. 2. Standing tackle
crap, securing the topmasts from the sides and aft.
FORPIK - the outermost bow compartment of the ship.
FORE-beam along the contour of the bow of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.
LIGHT CHARACTERISTICS - the nature of the color and change in the glow of the navigation sign.
GRAB-HOIST - hoists consisting of single-pulley and double-pulley blocks.
WALK (on a yacht) - to be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - on the go.
RUNNING END - see end.
RUNNING LIGHTS - mouth. the name of a ship's navigation lights while the vessel is underway.
SNORING (SNORING) - a folding hook made of two hooks located towards each other.
CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodyne -
microscopic forces of water resistance to the lateral drift of the yacht.
YACHT CENTERING - reducing the horizontal distance between the center of sail and the center of lateral resistance of the yacht. CYCLONE is a vast air vortex around an area of low pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). H
CHICKSTAY - a device (hoist) for adjusting the tension of backstays (foreuns), when bringing more than one backstay into one tackle near the deck. CHICS - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast to support long salings.
MOORING - a rope (mooring rope) designed to secure the yacht at the pier
or on board another vessel. They are divided into longitudinal, clamping and spring.
MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring site.
MOORING DEVICE - spiers, bollards, fairleads, views and other equipment intended for mooring. CENTERBOARD - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the hull of the yacht (centerboard well), and ensures stability and reduction of drift in the lowered position. DOORBOAT - a shallow-draft yacht with a centerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder.
DECORDS - centerboards hung from the sides of the yacht.
SHIRSTREK - the upper chord of the outer skin.
PENDANT - a short, soft cable with a fire, thimble or block at the end, designed for lifting loads. SHKERT (SHTERT) - a short and thin cable for auxiliary work.
SHKIMUSHGAR - single-strand hemp line.
clew - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew angle) and drawn towards the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the lower luff of the sail in the desired position. The boom sheets are equipped with hoists that allow the boom to be set at the desired angle to the wind.
SLAG - one full turn of the cable around something.
SHLAGTOV - a steel beam inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.
SLOOP is a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-mast yachts with one front sail - a staysail (foresail staysail). SLOOP-BEAMS - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering over the side of a boat. FRAMED - the main curved beam of the transverse frame, the basis for the cladding.
SPACING - the distance between the frames. There are constructive and theoretical.
SCUPPER - a hole for the free flow of water in a horizontal plane.
SPIRE - a large gate with a vertical axis, for selecting an anchor chain and mooring lines.
SPOR - the lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING - longitudinal moorings from the bow towards the stern or from the stern towards the bow.
SPRINT (SPRINT) - a rack that diagonally stretches a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail. SPRIT-BUY - buoyancy of the milestone.
SPRUYT is a cable guy that distributes the load to two or more points.
Tongue belt - a belt of hull plating adjacent to the keel.
STAY - standing rigging gear located in the yacht's DP and securing the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest forestay is the main one, coming from the top of the mast is the top stay, and between them there are intermediate stays. If the forestay is used to set a sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Stay connecting tops
mast is called a stay-carnage. See also backstay.
STAY-PIER - a profile with a lip gap (for the jib rope) covering the stay.
POST - stem and sternpost.
SHTERT - see shketr.
ROD - a rod across the anchor spindle.
STEERING WHEEL - a heading movement control body in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.
STURTROSS - a steel cable (chain) used to transmit force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.
BAYONET is an element of a sea knot.
SCHOONER - a sailing vessel with a slanting rig and two or more masts. On two-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear one.
EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spar trees, has two holes - quadrangular and round. The quadrangular one is put on the top or bottom of the spar, and the round one is used to pass additional wood. (mast - topmast, bowsprit - jib, etc.).
ERNST-BAKSTAGI - gear for holding the gaff by the end (from the sides and to the stern).
ESTUARY - a bay at the mouth of a river, in the area of tidal currents.
UT - superstructure in the aft part. On yachts, the poop is the aft part of the deck.
YUFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring the lanyards.
ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, all-round), ship's distinctive lights at anchorage.
YAL is a multi-oared (more than two) boat of the navy.
YACHT is a recreational vessel (sailing or motor), without tonnage restrictions.
