Mostitsky what is the field of Mars, what does it mean and how to spell it correctly. Universal additional practical explanatory dictionary and

Campus Marzio (Campo Marzio) is a lowland in a bend with an area of ​​250 hectares, between the Quirinal, Pincio and Capitoline Hills, intended for gymnastics and military exercises. The center of the field, where the altar to Mars was built, subsequently remained free, was named Campo and was also turned into a war memorial, and the rest of the space was built up.

The history of the Campus Martius is closely connected with the military glory of Rome. In ancient times, there was a campus (Campo) here - barracks and other buildings for the needs of a large army: hospitals, an arsenal, training fields. In the center stood a sculpture of Mars, as if observing the events, the god of war and patron of all Ancient Rome, and an altar.

After the expulsion of the Tarquins (5th century BC), the status of the field changed. Now it was a place of public meetings, military parades and sports competitions, and every year Equiria was celebrated, accompanied by horse races. On the vast territory, everyone could find entertainment for themselves.

First buildings

Villa Publica

The first public building on the Champ de Mars is considered to be the Villa Publica. The structure, which dates back to 435 BC, was essentially 300 m of cleared space enclosed by a small portico. This place was used for regular (every 5 years) gathering of Roman citizens for political purposes.

During the Punic Wars in the 3rd century BC. numerous battles were fought outside Rome and its environs. However, wealthy commanders returning from campaigns considered it their duty to honor the memory of the dead and give glory to their gods. Thus, Campo Marzio was built up with various temples and tombs .

Circus Flaminius

In 221 BC, the consul Flaminius built a circus in the southern part of Campo Marzio for horse racing and the Plebeian Games. A path was laid to the circus that connected the gate del Popolo and the crossing of the Tiber - the Flaminian Way (Via Flaminia). The Circus of Flaminius has not survived to this day.

Torre Argentina Square

During the Republic, a space called Area Sacra (Latin: Holy Land) was formed on the territory of the Campus Martius. This name is more than justified, because on a relatively small plot of capital land, 4 impressive buildings were built: the Hall of 100 Columns (Hecatostylum), the Baths of Agrippa, the Theater of Pompey, and the Circus of Flaminius.

Archaeological excavations, which revealed the remains of ancient temples and public institutions, began in the 20th century and continue to this day. The main decoration of historical monuments today are four-legged fluffies. And it itself is better known as a place where cats live.

Temples

Temple of Bellona

The Temple of Bellona, ​​the patroness of the defenders of the Motherland, was built in 295 BC. Appius Claudius Caecus (lat. Appius Claudius Caecus) in honor of the victory of the Romans over the Etruscans. The sanctuary of the warrior goddess was located on the Campus Martius nearby (Teatro di Marcello). Political meetings took place in the temple, receptions took place in honor of foreign ambassadors, but at the moment the temple is ruins.

Temple of Hercules (lat. Ercole Oleario)

The Temple of Hercules was built around 120 BC. on the hilly bank of the Tiber, called at that time the Bull Forum (Foro Boario). The round rotunda, completely surrounded by columns, is the oldest marble building in Rome, still pleasing the eye of modern tourists. There is an assumption that the temple was built with money from an olive oil merchant, as evidenced by the inscription on one of the statues in the sanctuary. Located on the square opposite (Piazza della Bocca della Verita).

Pantheon

In 27 AD e. Marcus Agrippa built the first - the temple of all the gods, which burned down half a century later, and the most ancient public baths - the baths.

The Pantheon, created by Agrippa, was a building surrounded by a portico made of huge granite columns of the Corinthian order. The very first version of the great temple did not remain recorded even in ancient manuscripts. It is only known that the modern Pantheon is located in exactly the same place in the Circus of Flaminius as its predecessor.

The current Pantheon was rebuilt in 126 AD. Emperor Hadrian. The temple is equipped with several rows of columns, topped by a triangular cross beam. The main part of the temple is hidden under a round dome, in the center of which there is a round window - Oculus (from Latin “eye”).

A unique feature: the height to the Eye and the diameter of the dome have the same value - 43.3 m. There is also an interesting connection of the Oculus to the Vernal Equinox and to April 21!

Temple of the Divine Hadrian (lat. Templum Divi Hadriani)

The Temple of Hadrian was erected in 145 AD. a descendant of the emperor, Anthony Pius (lat. Antoninus Pius). The structure was made in a luxurious style: two rows of 13 marble columns were built on a rectangular podium, which supported a richly decorated roof. A wide staircase lined with marble slabs and carved reliefs led to the temple.

Unfortunately, only 11 columns and part of the wall of the sanctuary “survived” to the present day. The remains of the temple became part of the Roman customs building, and later the stock exchange, built at the end of the 19th century. Address of the Temple of Hadrian: Piazza di Pietra.

Theaters

Military leader Lucius Cornelius Sulla (lat. Lucius Cornelius Sulla) in the 2nd century. BC. gave the Campus Martius popularity among the Roman nobility. Tenement houses, called insulas, began to be built, and public buildings were erected. The once abandoned territory began to be actively built up with houses, porticoes, palaces, and theaters.

Theater of Pompey (lat. Theatrum Pompeium)

Gnaeus Pompey 52 BC began the construction of a huge stone theater for 27 thousand spectators, the amphitheater of which had a diameter of 158 meters. A grandiose public institution is the Theater of Pompey, the first theater made of stone. The huge entertainment complex, decorated with fountains and a garden, also included a curia where Senate meetings were held.

During the Ides of March 44 BC. great (Gaius Iulius Caesar) within the walls of the Senate Theater of Pompeii.

Theater of Marcellus (lat. Theatrum Marcelli)

The Theater of Marcellus is an ancient institution intended for holding open-air performances. The site for the drama theater was chosen by Julius Caesar himself; most of the construction work was carried out by his successor, Emperor Augustus. The theater was named in honor of Augustus’s nephew, Marcus Marcellus, who died in his early youth.

The establishment, which at its best could accommodate about 20 thousand spectators, has been well preserved since the times of Ancient Rome. Sometimes small summer concerts take place at the Theater of Marcellus.

Buildings from the imperial period

Septa Julia

During the reign of the Emperor on the Champ de Mars a place for voting for the inhabitants of Rome was built- Saepta Julia. The extensive structure (300 x 95 m) served the needs of Roman rulers for a long time, until in the 3rd century. AD did not fall into complete decline. However, part of the wall of Septa Julius can be seen next to the Pantheon.

Portico of Octavia (lat. Porticus Octaviae)

Not far from the Theater of Marcellus and the Circus of Flaminius are the ruins of a portico erected in honor of the sister of Emperor Augustus, Octavia Minor. The building was created around 27 BC, but at the dawn of the Christian era, the building, lined with expensive marble, was burned twice. In the past, works of art such as Pliny's Natural History could be seen within the walls of the Octavian portico. After significant upheaval, the building was used as a fish market and then fell into disrepair.

Altar of Peace (Ara Pacis)

In 13 BC. The Roman Senate presented Emperor Augustus with a gift - the Altar of Peace monument, named after the goddess of peace Pax.

A huge open altar, exquisitely decorated with carved slabs, was installed on the Campus Martius in the western part of the Flaminius Dry. For a long time, the monument, erected in honor of the imperial victories, was considered lost, until some of its parts were brought to light in the 16th century.

In the 19th century, in-depth excavations made it possible to restore most of the monument. It was only in 1938 that the sacred Altar of Peace was rebuilt under the leadership of Benito Mussolini opposite the Mausoleum of Augustus. Now a structure has been installed over the ancient monument to protect it from the vicissitudes of nature.

Mausoleum of Augustus

The Mausoleum of Augustus is a tomb built by the emperor in 28 BC. The tomb consists of several concentric rings of brick and earth stacked on top of each other. In the past, the roof of the mausoleum was crowned with an equestrian statue of Augustus, which has not survived.

The tomb contained the remains of the emperor’s relatives and heirs: sister, son-in-law, adopted son, Augustus himself, his wife Livia and many others.

The Mausoleum of Augustus was repeatedly looted; restoration work was carried out only under Mussolini. However, at the moment there is no access inside the monument; tourists have to admire its decadent beauty from the outside. Currently, the monument is located on the banks of the Tiber near Piazza Augusto Imperatore.

Domiziano Stadium

After a fire in 64 AD, Emperor Domitian had to rebuild many of Rome's public places. In particular, the current(Piazza Navona), was once a stadium on the Champs de Mars, where all the major sporting and social events of the capital took place.

Column of Marco Aurelius

The 30-meter column was erected at the end of the Marcomannic War (166-180 AD) between Rome and the Germanic tribes. The marble pillar is densely decorated with battle scenes that glorify the valor of the emperor and military leader Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, as well as his army.

In the original, a statue of the emperor was installed on top of the column, which was replaced in the Middle Ages by a sculpture of the Apostle Paul. The pillar is well preserved and can be viewed in the Piazza Colonna.

Modern days

The modern Campus Martius is part of the historical center, one of 22 districts in Rome that has preserved its historical layout and buildings. In the center is the Champ de Mars, an undeveloped square that still preserves the memory of the military glory of our ancestors.

Subsequently, Campo Marzio changed its appearance many times, but could not return its former splendor. Having turned into an ordinary residential area in Rome, the Campus Martius was built up with apartment buildings, which inevitably led to the destruction of ancient monuments. The ancient temples were replaced by palaces of wealthy citizens: Borghese, Firenze, Ruspoli and many others.

How to get there

You can get to the Campus de Mars square (Piazza in Campo Marzio) from the nearest Barberini station, moving along Via del Tritone.

If you are already in the city area of ​​the Campo Marzio, then you can walk to the desired place from the Pantheon, from Piazza Venecia, from Torre Argentina, and from many other attractions.

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Campus Martius in Rome (Campo Marzio) - a lowland in the bend of the Tiber River, its area is 250 hectares, between the Quirinal, Pincio and Capitoline Hills, which served as a place for gymnastics and military exercises. The central part of the field, where the altar to Mars was erected, was later preserved free, acquiring the name Campo, and in Ancient Rome it was transformed into a war memorial, and the rest of the space was built up.

The history of the Campus Martius is closely linked to the military glory of Rome. In antiquity, there was a campus (Campo) here - barracks and other buildings for the needs of a large army: hospitals, training fields, an arsenal. In the central part there was a sculpture of Mars, the god of war and patron of all Ancient Rome, as if watching what was happening, and an altar.

Following the expulsion of the Tarquins (5th century BC), the status of the Campus Martius in Rome changed. From now on, it became a place for public meetings, military reviews and sporting competitions; Equiria was celebrated annually, accompanied by horse races. In the vast territory, anyone could find entertainment for themselves.

First buildings

Villa Publica

The first public building on the Champ de Mars is considered to be the Villa Publica. The structure, which appeared in 435 BC, was essentially 300 meters of cleared space, surrounded by a small portico. This place was used for systematic (every five years) collection for political purposes.

During the Punic Wars in the third century BC, many battles were fought outside of Rome and its environs. But the rich commanders who returned from campaigns recognized it as their duty to honor the memory of those who fell in battle and bring glory to their gods. And so, the Field of Mars turned out to be built up with various temples and tombs.

Circus Flaminius

In 221 BC, the consul Flaminius built a circus in the southern part of the Campus Martius in Rome for horse racing and the Plebeian Games. A path was built to the circus that combined the gate del Popolo and the crossing of the Tiber - Via Flaminia. To this day, the Circus Flaminius has not survived.

Torre Argentina Square

During the days of the Republic, a space called Area Sacra (from Latin - “Holy Land”) appeared on the territory of the Campus Martius in Rome. This name is more than justified, since four solid structures were erected on a relatively small plot of land in the capital: the Hall of 100 Columns (Hecatostylum), the Baths of Agrippa, the Theater of Pompey, and the Circus of Flaminius.

Campus Martius in Rome: Torre Argentina Square

Archaeological excavations, which made it possible to find the ruins of ancient temples and public institutions, began in the 20th century and are currently ongoing. The main decoration of historical monuments now are four-legged furry animals. And Tore Argentina Square itself has become more famous as a place where cats live.

Campus Martius in Rome: temples

Temple of Bellona

The Temple of Bellona, ​​the patroness of the defenders of the Motherland, was built in 295 BC by Appius Claudius Caecus (from the Latin Appius Claudius Caecus) in honor of the victory of the Romans over the Etruscans. The sanctuary of the warrior goddess was located on Mars in Rome, not far from the Theater of Marcellus (Teatro di Marcello). Political meetings were held in the temple, there were receptions in honor of foreign ambassadors, but at the moment the temple is ruins.

Temple of Hercules (lat. Ercole Oleario)

The Temple of Hercules was built around 120 BC on the hilly bank of the Tiber, called at that time the Forum of the Boar (Foro Boario). The round rotunda, entirely framed by columns, is the most ancient marble structure in Rome, still pleasing the eyes of modern travelers. There is a theory that the temple was built at the expense of an olive oil merchant, as evidenced by the inscription on one of the statues in the sanctuary. Located on the square opposite the Mouth of Truth (Piazza della Bocca della Verita).

Pantheon

In 27 AD, Marcus Agrippa built the first Pantheon - the temple of all gods, which died in a fire 50 years later, and the most ancient public baths - the baths.

The Pantheon, erected by Agrippa, was a structure framed by a portico made of huge granite columns of the Corinthian order. The very first version of the grandiose temple did not remain depicted in ancient manuscripts. It is only known that today's Pantheon is located on exactly the same territory in the Circus of Flaminius as its predecessor.

The modern Pantheon was built in 126 AD by Emperor Hadrian. The temple has several rows of columns topped by a triangular cross beam. The main part of the temple is covered under a round dome, in the center of which there is a round window - Oculus (from Latin “eye”).

Exclusive feature: the height to the Eye and the diameter of the dome are the same - 43.3 meters. There is also an interesting connection between the Oculus and the Vernal Equinox and the Birthday of Rome on April 21!

Temple of the Divine Hadrian (lat. Templum Divi Hadriani)

The Temple of Hadrian was built in 145 AD by a descendant of the emperor, Antony Pius (from Latin - Antoninus Pius). The construction was executed in a chic style: two rows of thirteen marble columns were erected on a rectangular podium, which supported a luxuriously decorated roof. A wide staircase, decorated with slabs of marble and carved reliefs, led to the temple.

Alas, only eleven columns and part of the wall of the sanctuary have “reached” to this day. The remains of the temple were converted into part of the Roman customs building, and later - the stock exchange, erected at the end of the nineteenth century.

Campus Martius in Rome: Temple of Divine Hadrian

Address of the Temple of Hadrian: Piazza di Pietra.

Theaters

The military leader Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the 2nd century BC endowed the Campus Martius in Rome with popularity among Roman aristocrats. They began to build apartment buildings, called insulas, and began to erect public buildings. At one time, the desolate territory began to be dynamically built up with houses, porticos, palaces, and theaters.

Theater of Pompey (lat. Theatrum Pompeium)

Gnaeus Pompey in 52 BC began the construction of a huge theater made of stone for 27 thousand people, the amphitheater of which was 158 m in diameter. A monumental public institution is the Theater of Pompey, the first theater made of stone. The huge entertainment complex, decorated with fountains and a garden, also contained a curia where Senate meetings were held.

During the Ides of March in 44 BC, the great Gaius Julius Caesar was killed within the walls of the Senate Theater of Pompeii.

Theater of Marcellus (lat. Theatrum Marcelli)

The Theater of Marcellus is an ancient institution that served as a venue for performances under the open sky. The territory for the drama theater was chosen directly by Julius Caesar, the vast majority of construction work was carried out by his successor, Emperor Augustus. The theater was named in honor of Augustus’s nephew, Marcus Marcellus, who died in his early youth.

The establishment, which in its heyday could accommodate approximately 20,000 spectators, has been fairly preserved from the times of Ancient Rome. Sometimes small summer concerts are held at the Theater of Marcellus.

Campus Martius in Rome: Theater of Marcellus

Buildings from the imperial period

Septa Julia

During the reign of Emperor Augustus, a voting place for the inhabitants of Rome, Saepta Julia, was installed on the Campus Martius in Rome. The huge structure (300 x 95 m) was intended for a long time to serve the needs of Roman rulers, until it fell into complete disrepair in the 3rd century AD. Although, a fragment of the wall of Septa Julius can be seen near the Pantheon.

Portico of Octavia (lat. Porticus Octaviae)

Not far from the Theater of Marcellus and the Circus of Flaminius are the ruins of a portico erected in honor of the sister of Emperor Augustus, Octavia Minor. The building was created around 27 BC, but at the dawn of the Christian era, the building, decorated with expensive marble, burned twice. Previously, within the walls of Octavia’s portico it was possible to see works of art, for example, Pliny’s “Natural History”. Following significant upheavals, the building was used as a fish market, and then fell into disrepair.

Altar of Peace (Ara Pacis)

In the thirteenth year BC, the Roman Senate presented Emperor Augustus with a monument - the Altar of Peace, named in honor of the goddess of peace Pax.

A huge open altar, exquisitely decorated with carved slabs, was placed on the Campus Martius in Rome in the western part of the Via Flaminia. For a long time, the monument, erected in honor of the imperial victories, was considered lost, until in the sixteenth century a number of its elements were brought to light.

In the nineteenth century, expanded excavations made it possible to reproduce much of the monument. And only in 1938 the sacred Altar of Peace was again erected under the leadership of Benito Mussolini opposite the Mausoleum of Augustus. Currently, a structure has been erected over the ancient monument to protect it from the vagaries of nature.

Mausoleum of Augustus

The Mausoleum of Augustus is a tomb built by the emperor in 28 BC. The tomb contains several concentric rings of brick and earth, stacked one on top of the other. In the past, the roof of the mausoleum was crowned with an equestrian statue of Augustus, which did not survive.

The tomb contained the remains of the emperor’s relatives and heirs: sister, son-in-law, adopted son, Augustus himself, his wife Livia and many others.

The Mausoleum of Augustus was looted more than once; restoration work was carried out only under Mussolini. But currently, entry into the monument is prohibited; travelers can only admire its decadent beauty from the outside. Now the monument is located on the banks of the Tiber near Piazza Augusto Imperatore.

Domiziano Stadium

Following a fire in 64 AD, Emperor Domitian needed to rebuild many of Rome's public spaces. Specifically, today's Piazza Navona was once a stadium on the Campus Martius in Rome, where all the important sporting and social events of the capital took place.

Column of Marco Aurelius

The 30-meter column was built at the end of the Marcomannic War (166-180 AD) between Rome and the Germanic tribes. The marble pillar is densely decorated with battle scenes in which the valor of the emperor and military leader Marcus Aurelius, as well as his army, is glorified.

In the original, a statue of the emperor was placed at the top of the column, which was replaced in the Middle Ages by a sculpture of the Apostle Paul. The pillar is perfectly preserved and is open for inspection on the Column Square (Piazza Colonna).

Modern days

The modern Campus Martius in Rome is a segment of the historical center, one of 22 districts in the capital that has preserved its historical layout and buildings. In the center is the Campus Martius in Rome, an undeveloped public square that still preserves the memory of the military glory of our ancestors.

Subsequently, Campo Marzio changed its appearance several times, but failed to return its former splendor. Having transformed into a typical residential area in Rome, the Campus Martius in Rome was built up with apartment buildings, which inevitably led to the destruction of ancient monuments. Ancient temples were replaced by palaces of wealthy citizens: Borghese, Firenze, Ruspoli and many others.

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(Campus Martius). - That was the name of the part of the city of Rome, on the left bank. Tiber, originally intended for military and gymnastic exercises. Since the expulsion of the Tarquins, military and civil meetings have taken place here. As a place for military exercises, the field was dedicated to Mars, who had his own altar in its center. This center of the field subsequently remained free, under the name Campus proper, while the rest of the field was built up.

Wed. Becker, “Handbuch der Römischen Allertümer” (I vol.); L. Preller, “Die Regionen der Stadt Rom” (Jena, 1846); Gilbert, “Geschichte und Topographie der Stadt Rom in Altertum” (Lpc., 1883-1890); H. Jordan, “Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum” (B., 1871).

• - , between Khalturina Street, the Lebyazhy Canal embankment and the river embankment. Sinks. Named after the ancient Roman god of war, Mars...

  St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

• - , the lowland between the Tiber, Pincium, Capitol and Quirinal, where popular meetings were held - comitia centuriata - sports competitions and military shows...

  Dictionary of Antiquity

• - square in St. Petersburg...

  Russian Encyclopedia

• - Campus Martius, see Roma, Rome, 12 and 17...

  Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

• - a square in Paris, in the west. part of the city, on the left. on the banks of the Seine, between the river and the Military School; served for parades, since 1867 for world exhibitions...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - I Campus Martius in Ancient Rome is a large lowland on the left bank of the Tiber, outside the city limits, where popular meetings - comitia centuriata - were held...
• - Campus Martius, in Ancient Rome, a large lowland on the left bank of the Tiber, outside the city limits, where popular meetings - comitia centuriata - were held...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - Champ de Mars, a square in Leningrad, an important link in the planning system of the city center...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - Field of Mars - in Dr. In Rome, a lowland on the left bank of the Tiber, outside the city, where military parades were held in honor of the god of war Mars, and then public meetings were held...
• - Field of Mars - Square in St. Petersburg...

  Large encyclopedic dictionary

• - In Roman mythology, Mars is the god of war. Figuratively: a military, belligerent person. The expression “son of Mars” is used in the same meaning; the expression "Champus of Mars" meaning: battlefield...

  Dictionary of popular words and expressions

• - ...

  Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

• - M'arsovo p'ole, M'arsova p'...

  Russian spelling dictionary

• - Razg. . An arena of activity and a refuge for people and forces outside the law. Larin 1977, 188...

  Large dictionary of Russian sayings

• - 1) among the Romans - a plain near Rome for gymnastic exercises and public meetings. 2) in Paris - a maneuver area on the right bank of the Seine; in St. Petersburg - a square on the banks of the Neva for military parades...

  Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

"The Field of Mars in Rome" in books

65. FIELD OF MARS

From the book One and a Half Eyed Sagittarius author Livshits Benedict Konstantinovich

65. FIELD OF MARS It was not a seer who bordered Your river with ditches and dusty sadness, Already a solemn mouth. The horses are rearing up, And the slender squads know that the voice of fate is equal to a single cockcrow. Oh, just a turn and a call - And the shine of armor and helmets will fall on

Field of Mars and monument to A.V. Suvorov.

From the book Daily Life of a Russian Officer of the Era of 1812 author Ivchenko Lidia Leonidovna

Field of Mars and monument to A.V. Suvorov. Engraving by B. Paterson. 1807

CHAPTER SEVEN FIELD OF MARS

From the book Monsieur Gurdjieff by Povel Louis

CHAPTER SEVEN FIELD OF MARS When my hand is empty, I hold a shovel in it. And I sit on the back of a bull when I walk. FUDESHI (497-569) TIGHT, darkish bathroom. Dirty cream walls. But this is the best place to think. The other rooms are noisy, but the hubbub doesn’t come here

Champ de Mars

From the book Codes of a New Reality. Guide to places of power author Fad Roman Alekseevich

Field of Mars During the time of Peter I, on the left bank of the Neva there was a vast wasteland called the Amusing Field. After the death of Peter, they began to call it the Tsaritsyn Meadow, and a little later - the Field of Mars. In March 1917, the funeral of the victims of the February Revolution took place there.

Champ de Mars

From the book Book of Changes. The fate of St. Petersburg toponymy in urban folklore. author

Field of Mars 1720. At the beginning of the 18th century, to the west of the Summer Garden there was a swampy field overgrown with low-growing trees and shrubs. In 1711–1716, the forest was cut down and two canals were dug from the Neva to the Moika to drain the swamps - Lebyazhy, which still exists, and Krasny,

Champ de Mars

From the book Leningrad Utopia. Avant-garde in the architecture of the Northern capital author Pervushina Elena Vladimirovna

Champ de Mars During the February Revolution, the Champ de Mars, which had previously been a military parade ground, began to bury people who died during armed clashes between government troops and the people. The coffins were lowered into a mass grave, the names of those buried remained

Champ de Mars

From the book Legends of St. Petersburg gardens and parks author Sindalovsky Naum Alexandrovich

Field of Mars At the beginning of the 18th century, a swampy field covered with trees and bushes stretched to the west of the Summer Garden. In 1711–1716, the forest was cut down and two canals were dug from the Neva to the Moika to drain the swamps - Lebyazhy, which still exists, and Krasny, along the modern

Champ de Mars

From the book All about Paris author Belochkina Yulia Vadimovna

Champ de Mars is a public park in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, between the Eiffel Tower to the northwest and the Ecole Militaire to the southwest. Its grounds have been used for parades and have regularly hosted world exhibitions since 1867. This is where I was

Champ de Mars

From the book Legendary Streets of St. Petersburg author Erofeev Alexey Dmitrievich

Field of Mars By the time of the founding of St. Petersburg, the vast space between Bolshaya (now Millionnaya) Street and the Moika was swampy, and in 1711–1716 two canals were dug to drain it - Lebyazhy and Krasny. Already since 1720, this territory was called the Great Meadow.

FIELD OF MARS

From the book Petersburg in street names. Origin of names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands author Erofeev Alexey

FIELD OF MARS By the time of the founding of St. Petersburg, the vast space between Bolshaya (now Millionnaya) Street and the Moika was swampy, and in 1711-1716 two canals were dug to drain it - Lebyazhy and Krasny. Already since 1720, this territory was called the Great Meadow.

Campus Martius (lowland in Ancient Rome)

TSB

Field of Mars (square in Leningrad)

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MA) by the author TSB

**FIELD OF MARS

by Blake Ulrike

**FIELD OF MARS In ancient times, the area around the great bend of the Tiber was called the Field of Mars in honor of the god of war (Campo Marzio; lat. Campus Martius). During the era of the Roman Republic, up to the 2nd century BC. e., not only were public assemblies held here, but also

FIELD OF MARS

From the book of Rom. Vatican. Suburbs of Rome. Guide by Blake Ulrike

FIELD OF MARS

From the book of Rom. Vatican. Suburbs of Rome. Guide by Blake Ulrike

CHAMPION OF MARS Ciccia Bomba: Via del Governo Vecchio 76, tel. 06688 02108. Roman kitchen in an antique interior. On Sundays - homemade egg noodle dishes. Myosotio al centra: Vicolo della Vaccarella 3/5, tel. 0668 65554. Delicious fish dishes and pasta with hare or wild boar sauce (pappardelle in

On the left bank of the Tiber River, originally intended for military and gymnastic exercises. Since the expulsion of the Tarquins, military and civil meetings have taken place here. As a place for military exercises, the field was dedicated to Mars, who had his altar in its center. This center of the field subsequently remained free, under the name Campus proper, while the rest of the field was built up.

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• Campus Martius (lowland in Ancient Rome)- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

Excerpt characterizing the Campus Martius (Rome)

- How is it, mother, that all Sorcerers and Sorceresses are closed to their Fate? But why?.. – Anna was indignant.
“I think this is so because we don’t try to change what is destined for us, honey,” I answered not too confidently.
As far as I could remember, from an early age I was outraged by this injustice! Why did we, the Knowers, need such a test? Why couldn’t we get away from him if we knew how?.. But, apparently, no one was going to answer this to us. This was our Life, and we had to live it the way it was outlined for us by someone. But we could have made her happy so easily if those “above” had allowed us to see our Fate!.. But, unfortunately, I (and even Magdalena!) did not have such an opportunity.
“Also, Magdalene was becoming more and more worried about the unusual rumors that were spreading...” Sever continued. – Strange “Cathars” suddenly began to appear among her students, quietly calling on the others to “bloodless” and “good” teaching. What that meant was that they called to live without struggle and resistance. This was strange, and certainly did not reflect the teachings of Magdalene and Radomir. She felt there was a catch in this, she felt danger, but for some reason she could not meet at least one of the “new” Cathars... Anxiety grew in Magdalena’s soul... Someone really wanted to make the Cathars helpless!.. To sow in their brave doubt in the hearts. But who needed it? Church?.. She knew and remembered how quickly even the strongest and most beautiful powers perished, as soon as they gave up the fight for just a moment, relying on the friendliness of others!.. The world was still too imperfect... And it was necessary to be able to fight for your home, for your beliefs, for your children and even for love. This is why the Magdalene Cathars were warriors from the very beginning, and this was completely in accordance with her teachings. After all, she never created a gathering of humble and helpless “lambs”; on the contrary, Magdalene created a powerful society of Battle Mages, whose purpose was to KNOW, and also to protect their land and those living on it.