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The use of fairy tales as a means of moral education of children of preschool and primary school age. Diagnosis of empathy in children Star boy

To the 100th anniversary of the birth of S.P. Strelkova

Izv. universities "PND", vol. 13, No. 5-6, 2005 UDC 53:929(092)

Series: "Outstanding scientists of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University"

SERGEY PAVLOVICH STRELKOV

L.P. Strelkova, V.I. Smyslov

A scientific and biographical essay on the life and scientific and pedagogical activities of Professor of Moscow State University, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR Sergei Pavlovich Strelkov. His family, studies, and the beginning of work at the Physics Department of Moscow State University under the guidance of the outstanding scientist L.I. Mandelstam, further work at TsAGI im. NOT. Zhukovsky and at Moscow State University - as a professor and as the head of the department. The scientific achievements of Professor S.P. Strelkov in the field of the theory of vibrations, aeroelasticity, solving applied problems of aviation science related to ensuring the safety of aircraft and missiles from dangerous vibrations in flight. A born teacher, whose books and problem books on the theory of oscillations, mechanics, general physics gained worldwide fame, he left a great legacy in the form of scientific works, contributed to the formation of a certain system of scientific views of specialists who continue to work successfully in universities and scientific institutions in Russia. For a wide range of readers interested in the development of physics and the history of Moscow University, the development of aviation science and the history of TsAGI.

Foreword

Sergei Pavlovich Strelkov is a graduate of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University, with whom his scientific and pedagogical activities have been associated for many years. At the same time, he is a long-term employee of TsAGI * - the main research aviation institute. One of the brightest representatives of the Russian school of oscillation theory, a student of Academician L.I. Mandelstam, Head of the Department of General Physics, Moscow State University, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR

"Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after N.E. Zhukovsky, founded in 1918.

S.P. Strelkov served as head and then scientific director of the sector in the TsAGI strength complex, led a seminar on aeroelasticity, and was a member of the academic councils of Moscow State University and TsAGI. Both areas of activity of Sergei Pavlovich at TsAGI and at the Department of Physics were useful and complemented each other (this can be attributed not only to aviation topics). His name is associated with the formation and development of a number of scientific areas, his interests covered a wide range of very different areas of physics, the theory of vibrations, aeroelasticity, dynamic strength, aerodynamics.

The great merit of S.P. Strelkov was his pedagogical work as a professor, supervisor of graduate students, author of textbooks widely known in our country and abroad. He was a born teacher, his lectures, seminars on the theory of oscillations and general physics have always enjoyed well-deserved popularity, he played a big role in the development of the modern course of general physics taught at Moscow State University. Many scientists from Moscow State University and TsAGI are his students. He possessed exceptional erudition, encyclopedic knowledge, subtle engineering intuition, his work demonstrated a rare combination of great practical experience of an outstanding experimenter with a clear and flexible mind of an analyst. The practical purposefulness of the results, the rigor of theoretical conclusions, the simplicity and sophistication of style are the distinguishing features of his works.

Sergei Pavlovich was not only a physicist, but also an engineer who made a significant contribution to the development of aviation science and technology. He had a remarkable ability to find and explain the root causes of dangerous "diseases" of aircraft, helicopters, rockets, wind tunnels associated with their vibrational characteristics, quickly find effective ways to eliminate them and prevent their occurrence in the future.

S.P. Strelkov was endowed with the most attractive human qualities. Kind, benevolent, he willingly helped his students, employees, and everyone who came to him for advice. His authority as a physicist, a major aviation specialist, was exceptionally high in scientific centers, educational institutions and industrial enterprises.

S.P. Strelkov left a great legacy not only in his works, he contributed to the formation of a certain system of scientific views of specialists who continue to work in areas related to his activities.<...>

Moscow, December 2001

Sergei Pavlovich. Childhood. Preparation for the gymnasium

Seryozha, being a “trainer”, as the boys who were preparing to enter the gymnasium were called, usually sat in the class (which was led by their parents) and did their job. He had to come to the class, like all students, on time and not stand out among them in any way.

The mother came to class two hours earlier and, as a rule, examined the children who came - whether they were washed, combed. There was a washbasin in the hallway, where the class locker room was, and Serezha's duty was to see if there was soap, a towel, and if there was water in the washbasin. If she was not, he was obliged to immediately tell the watchman about it. Near the washstand was a mirror, and hung a handbag with

large wooden comb. The mother often washed and combed the children herself. The children sat at their desks, the lesson began with a prayer. Seryozha told how he taught three brothers (peasant children, the weather was good), who went to school in turn, since they had only one boots for three, they all studied in the same class. Father charged Seryozha with the duty to make sure that all the brothers did their homework: he checked their notebooks, and then, staying after the lessons, made them, in turn, write a dictation and solve problems, read aloud and talk about what they read, do a retelling. These were the first basics of his pedagogical activity, accustomed him to patience, reflection and understanding of children.

Seminary education (Krasnoslobodsk)

Unfortunately, Serezha, after he was prepared for the exam, did not have to study at the gymnasium. His mother intended to send him to the 1st Men's Gymnasium in Penza. He was supposed to live with his grandmother, but she died at the end of 1913. The mother's sister, Vera Apollinaryevna Murzina, who lived in Penza, suggested that her parents place Seryozha with her. She was married to the mayor's son. The mayor was a merchant of the first guild and had wineries. Rural teachers, carried away by revolutionary ideas, were not at all satisfied that their first-born would live in a family whose views on life, and life itself, were sharply different from their way of thinking and life. They could not keep a child in a strange family.

A friend and comrade of his father, Remerov Nikolai Ivanovich, being an inspector of public schools, persuaded his father to send Seryozha to the Krasnoslobodskaya Theological Seminary, where it was not easy to get. Basically, the seminary accepted children whose fathers and grandfathers were ministers of the Diocese. But Remerov's efforts and Serezha's good preparation played a role, and he passed the exams. Seryozha did not want to study at the seminary, as he dreamed of a gymnasium and then of the University.

Coming home from the seminary for vacancies, especially the first year of study, right in the hallway, untying his hood, he threw it on the floor, sat on a stool and began to cry and lament: “I won’t study at Bursa!” Book N.G. Pomyalovsky "Essays of Bursa", which tells about the life of the Bursaks, was in our parental library. My father believed that the work of Pomyalovsky, although not bad, cannot be considered generalizing all theological educational institutions.

In the religious sciences, my father highly valued the moral basis of self-improvement, honored all the commandments and tried to adhere to the Christian order of life in the house. However, he considered the number of hours allotted for theology lessons to be too large and said that they should be reduced by at least half.

Mother observed two holidays - Christmas and Easter. She never spoke, except out of necessity. During the vacancy, parents did not force Seryozha to attend church services carefully, he went only with his mother, sisters and brothers to matins on the holidays of Christmas and Easter. My father never went to church, although with the priest of the Little Azyas church, often on holidays, when he came in, having dismissed the deacon, he sat down to play chess. For the priest Veselovsky, the deacon went around all the courtyards of the village, and Veselovsky sometimes stayed with his parents until late in the evening. Their conversation never touched on religion.

At the end of Serezha's first year of study at the seminary, the war with Germany began. Serezha's conversations that he did not want to study at the seminary stopped. He quickly began to grow up: his father, leaving for the front, said: “Seryozha, you

you remain the most important assistant in the family to your mother, now no one will help her except you ... ”. Serezha remembered these words for the rest of his life... He carefully wrote letters to his father at the front all the years, until his safe return in 1917. Pavel Mikhailovich, while on the German front, sends a petition to the Zemstvo Administration of the city of Krasnoslobodsk and here is the answer of the Zemstvo Administration:

To the teacher of the Malo-Azyassky school, Pavel Mikhailovich Strelkov.

The next district meeting of the session of 1915, at a meeting on September 18, 1915, considered your application for granting your son a scholarship for education. Resolved your petition to REJECT. About what the county government notifies you. Chairman...»

He parted ways with Serezha's seminary in 1917. Father, by decree of the Senate, was released from military duty, as a multi-family. His mother began the troubles for his release in 1914 through the zemstvo and the marshal of the provincial nobility, Count Tolstoy. And only three years later the petition was signed. The seminary was dissolved in 1917 by a decree of the Soviet government, and Seryozha remained "not attested." It was necessary to think where and in what school to teach him, so that he would have the right to continue his studies, as he wanted, at the university.

University preparation

During the years of complete devastation, Seryozha worked with his father in agriculture. He learned to do agricultural work (mowing, knitting sheaves) from a neighbor, Marfa Grigorievna Koldaeva, since his parents did not know how to do this at all. His grandfather taught him to plow and handle horses. I had to learn how to repair agricultural implements. The family, now consisting of 10 people, had to provide for itself with food: bread, meat, potatoes, cereals, milk, eggs and vegetables.

However, the continuation of children's education is the main parental concern. The program of ten-year schools in mathematics, physics, chemistry and the Russian language approximately corresponded in these years to the program of a classical gymnasium.

We agreed to take exams for secondary school in the school that has remained unchanged so far, which belonged to the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway. The school was located 25 kilometers from the station. Bashmakovo, at Pachelma station. In 1924, Sergei successfully passed all the exams and received a high school diploma.

Who are you, Apprentice Strelkov?

But, alas... A matriculation certificate alone is not enough, and it is not enough to be well-prepared - it was also necessary to have an appropriate social position. Workers, poor peasants and their children then had the advantage - and all this had to be confirmed by a document.

And here are the parents-teachers, and even who are they on a social scale that was not yet established at that time? Employees... But mother? It is necessary to earn an independent position - and Serezha goes to study at the Soviet Party School in the city of Chembar and spends a year there.

The teachers of the Soviet Party School did not have a clear idea of what to teach the young men and women who came to them, and at the lessons, mainly newspapers were read, in which decrees of the Soviet power were published.

After graduating from school, he, the volost political enlightener, worked in the village. Understand in the reading room. In the evenings he read and explained to the inhabitants of the village the decrees of the Soviet government. During the day I solved problems with the boys who came to the reading room, located in the former house of the merchant Pankratov, on the main street of the village. He slept and lived in this big house, moving the tables, spreading newspapers on them and hiding himself in a sheepskin coat. After working there for a year, he goes to work in an elementary school in the village. Bloody. In the evenings and at night, he continues to prepare for admission to Moscow State University.

For the first time on his earnings, he goes in 1926 to take exams in Moscow. The only word “missed” on a postcard from Moscow upsets the whole family. He returns, continues to teach and prepare at Moscow State University.

Village teacher. S. Pokrovskoe (From the diary of L.P. Strelkova)

“Climbing up the large porch, she opened the door. The cold air rushing in from the street covered everything with a white veil, through the fog I saw a large, huge bright spot, a lamp and heard the cheerful laughter of the children, and in it the laughter of his brother Seryozha: he was telling something. The teacher saw me in the puffs of steam, stood up and approached me. He took the bag out of his hands and introduced it to his students: “Children, this is my little sister.” - I already told them: "Hello!" - "Well, say it again!" I repeated, and the children responded in unison.

Serezha showed the children "foggy pictures". I drew a drawing on paper with a pencil, then took a saucer where there was sunflower oil, and greased the leaflet - the transparencies were ready. He inserted it into the frame of a projection lamp, the illuminator of which was a ten-linear kerosene lamp (then, in 1926, there was no electricity in the villages of Russia), and a girl appeared on the screen - “Little Red Riding Hood” and a gray wolf. The children looked at the screen. The screen was a sheet hung on a wooden wall. Seryozha continued to draw the fairy tale. Finally he finished: “Children, now we have only watched half of the fairy tale. The rest is tomorrow evening. You see, my “little red riding hood” has already arrived. The children began to disperse. Seryozha extinguished the lantern lamp, then, standing on the bench, extinguished the top lamp. The classroom windows went white. We left the school and went to the house of Anna, an old woman, where Seryozha rented a corner. The hut was not far from the school, simple as a chest, had one door, one window and inside - a Russian stove, around which you can walk. In the front corner, opposite the door, hung an icon with a burning lamp, Grandmother Anna was busy near the stove. The oven was lit. Seryozha gave me a ladle and put down a bucket: “Here we wash with Baba Anna,” he explained. Then he opened the door leading directly into the field and pointed to the standing wattle fence, saying that this was a "latrine." I look with amazement. The hut had neither a yard nor a canopy, it was deserted and uncomfortable around ...

They drank milk and ate potatoes. Seryozha sent me to the stove, and he sat down at the table. On the table was a small "koptyushka" - a small bottle filled with kerosene, from the hole of which a burning wick protruded. On a home-made desk made of three boards (the boards were placed on the goats) lay a pile of books "University at Home". Seryozha sat at the table for a long time.

On the third day, he walked me home, and I told my parents for a long time how my brother lives. Mom wiped her tears and said: “He will catch a cold in such “mansions”!” Father reassured: “Tanya, don’t be upset, this is the last year - after all, it’s already spring ...” - “Have you, jumper, found out how teachers live?” - “The Vandyshev sisters live in a nice big house, warm and beautiful, Seryozha and I have lunch with them-

whether ... "-" The Vandyshev sisters have been teaching there for twenty years, - said the father. “Their father, the priest, built a house for them.” - “Seryozha said that they wanted to be kicked out of their house?” - “And it was already, they were kicked out, but God saved, the people stood up: ... he said, it’s enough that their father was sent to Solovki, and they teach our children. There was a reasonable person there. God grant them happiness, Seryozha said that they feed him, invite him to dinner.

Moscow. Student of Moscow State University (1927-1931)

New teaching methods in universities

On September 2, 1921, the “Regulations on Higher School” was signed, on the basis of which the GUUZ (Main Directorate of Educational Institutions) developed a new “Charter of the Higher School”, the main thing in it is the education in higher schools of SUBJECT COMMISSIONS, and the introduction of representatives from students. It became mandatory for the administration to participate in the subject commission of elected students with the right to vote.

Since 1929, the social composition of the student body has changed dramatically. The statute on higher education establishes that it is preferable to admit children of workers and peasants to the University. The level of training of students has dropped sharply. The teaching staff opposed such a composition of students, because all programs and methods of presentation of disciplines were designed for a different level of training of newcomers. Naturally, most of the workers and peasants who wanted to study were not prepared for classes at the University.

Now the "subject commission" approved the lecturer and the teacher leading the practical classes. She made it a condition that the course being taught should be understandable to the audience. Many professors of Moscow State University were forced to leave teaching, because for one reason or another they could not adapt their courses of lectures (seminars) to the new semi-literate, and, moreover, poorly educated students. For example, Professor V.I. Romanov did not want to change the General Physics course he taught and believed that "if they came to study at the University, then they need to work 16-18 hours a day." For which the Subject Committee at the next meeting did not approve him as a lecturer, and he was forced to leave work. The same thing happened to Professor E.V. Shpolsky, who went to work at the 1st Pedagogical Institute. Lenin (then - "Second University"). This position was also held by the well-known academic mathematician D.F. Egorov, who did not change the programs of the mathematics courses he presented, but read them in the same way as he had for all 25 years. According to the stories of G.A. Bendrikov, all students attended his lectures and really worked hard to understand this course. The method of teaching before the revolution was general, as it was established almost throughout Europe: professors announced their courses to be read, read them, then announced the days (months) when they take examinations. Moreover, the administration did not set the order of delivery of subjects, but the student himself. For example, a course that was taught in the senior year of study, the student could pass, if he was prepared, in the first year. The class schedule was free. For example, the physical workshop was open all year round (except for vacations) and the student could work out problems in it at a convenient time for him. There were no preliminary interviews or surveys. The colloquium was accepted by teachers, announcing this in the journals where students were kept.

It was not necessary to attend lectures and seminars, there were no groups as such. If a student set himself the goal of obtaining a diploma, during the time of study (which was not limited, and hence the “eternal” students), it was obligatory only to pass exams on the list of subjects indicated for this specialty in the volume established by the professor himself. The University and the Higher School set the task of educating the youth of the main features: the greatest independence and responsibility. There were no schedules drawn up in advance for them, no imposition of this or that lecturer, everything had to be done by the young man himself, because then it was believed that the age of 16-17 was already sufficient for making independent decisions and, mainly, choice.

The revolution brought a radical change to the Higher School - the elimination of independent choice in education, work, and life. All higher schools were transformed in such a way that they gave education to a certain class of people (workers and peasants) according to a predetermined timetable and according to a certain program, which was sent to professors. The main orientation was developed by the ideological department of the Central Committee. The quantitative part related to both politics and economics - what kind of specialists, at what time should be trained and how to use them.

Until 1917, universities partly existed at the expense of student fees (paid education). After the revolution, this education became free, since it educated people who did not choose their own work, but were assigned to work.

Key life dates

Sergey Pavlovich Strelkov was born. 1924 received a high school diploma. 1924 volost political enlightener in the village. Floodplain. 1927 enrolled in Moscow University. 1929 start of work in the laboratory of L.I. Mandelstam 1931 post-graduate student of the Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University. 1934 Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Oscillations.

1936 Ph.D. thesis defense (Study of self-oscillations in a hydrodynamic flow, Department of Oscillations, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University). Awarded the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Approved with the rank of Associate Professor. 1938 acting Professor of the Department of General Physics, Gorky State University.

1940 moving to the city of Zhukovsky, head of the group at TsAGI. October 13, 1941 TsAGI is evacuated to Kazan.

1942 August, doctoral dissertation (Auto-oscillations in wind tunnels, Academic Council of Moscow State University). Awarded the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.

1943 return from Kazan to Moscow.

1948 awarded the Order of the Red Star.

1949 head of department,

1951 head of the sector at TsAGI.

1955 Department of Physics Faculty of Moscow State University.

1960 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

1962 Prize of the first degree for the work of 1960 with the presentation of a diploma and a gold desktop medal named after the professor. NOT. Zhukovsky. 1968 awarded the title of "Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR". April 2, 1974 S.P. Strelkov died at the age of 68. Buried in Zhukovsky.

Chapter 1

Chapter 2. TsAGI. Aeroelasticity issues

Chapter 3. Moscow State University. Faculty of Physics. Department of General Physics for Mekhmat

Chapter 4. Pedagogical activity

textbooks

Key life dates

List of main scientific works of Sergei Pavlovich Strelkov List of abbreviations

Father Strelkov Pavel Mikhailovich - was born in 1881 in the village of Svishchevka, Chembarsky district, Penza province. He was the youngest of five sons. His childhood years were spent in the villages of Svishchevka and Kamynino. In 1889, the boy was sent to the Kamyninskaya Folk School, which was built by the landowner Shcheglov. In the autumn of 1893, Pavel successfully passed the exams for the three-year Chembarsk city school. Then he finishes the two-year Russian-Kachimsky teacher's courses of the Department of the Holy Synod and receives the "title of teacher of the parochial school." From 1902 to 1914, until being drafted into the active army, Pavel Mikhailovich taught in the Penza province with some interruptions related to the repressions of the authorities due to his participation in the revolutionary movement: the distribution of illegal literature, the organization of secret readings and conversations on political and anti-religious topics. In 1907, in Mokshan, he took part in the elections and was elected to the State Duma, but due to revolutionary views, he lost his job, and then went into an illegal position. In 1911, on behalf of the Zemsky Department of Public Education, he built a Zemstvo school in the village of Maly Azyas. During the February Revolution, he took part in the organization of soldiers' committees and was delegated to the Petrograd Soviet. In 1918, he held the position of head of the Uyezd Department of Public Education, and was delegated to the All-Russian Teachers' Congress. Due to the difficult financial situation (by this time the Strelkovs had seven children), the family moved to the Bashmakovo station of the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway, where the grandfather had a small farm, and since 1919 Pavel Mikhailovich began to engage in agriculture. He mechanizes his economy, restoring agricultural equipment abandoned in the master's estate, attracting his sons to do feasible work in the field. In the 1920s, he continued his social activities, in 1928 he joined an agricultural artel, transferring all livestock and implements to public ownership. However, in 1931 he was expelled from the collective farm on trumped-up charges and included in the lists of dispossessed. A lucky chance allows the family to avoid dispossession and eviction. In the late 1930s, he worked at the Bashmakov poultry plant as head of the planning department. Pavel Mikhailovich died in 1946.

Mother Perekrestova Tatyana Apollinaryevna - was born in 1879 in Penza in a noble family. My father died in the Russian-Turkish war in 1878 in the battle of Plevna. The mother alone raised and educated four children. Tatyana Apollinaryevna graduated with a silver medal from a gymnasium and teacher's courses in Penza, after which she worked as a teacher in Penza and in the countryside. “In 1903 she married Pavel Mikhailovich Strelkov. The further fate of the rural teacher is difficult. Children are born almost every year, the husband is often "on the run" for his revolutionary activities. Tatyana Apollinaryevna experiences difficult years during the war of 1914. Her husband was drafted into the army, she was left alone at school with six children, in 1915 the seventh child was born: Tatyana Apollinaryevna's main concern is her first son Sergei. She is afraid to leave him without a real education. Pavel Mikhailovich returns from the front, he is appointed head of the District Department of Public Education in the city of Krasnoslobodsk. After moving to Bashmakovo and giving birth in 1922 to the eighth child, the son of Mikhail, Tatyana Apollinaryevna devotes herself entirely to the family, housekeeping, raising and teaching children the subjects of elementary school. During the war years in Bashmakovo, the spouses take in the family of their eldest son and other relatives, only eleven people, their three children are at the front, the youngest son, Mikhail, dies on the Kursk Bulge in 1943. Tatyana Apollinaryevna died in 1947.

Strelkova Lidia Pavlovna - was born in 1915. In 1934 she graduated from the Moscow production school for film processing (1934) and worked in the cinema system until 1950. Then she graduated from the radio engineering department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and worked at the Physics Department of Moscow State University (19491986). Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (1968). Author of more than 50 scientific articles, methodological and scientific papers.

A fairy tale for children of senior preschool age L.P. Strelkov "Acquaintance"

Danilka opened his eyes: a gloomy morning peered into the room through the loosely drawn curtains. Danilka began to remember a dream - he dreamed of something wonderful, magical, bright! And then the gray day begins.

May there always be sunshine! Danilka sang not very loudly.

And suddenly something lit up in the room

feces. What is this? Sunny Bunny. He climbed the wall and approached Danilka. The boy immediately became warm and very cheerful and. oh miracle! Sunny Bunny spoke:

Good morning Danilka. The boy rubbed his eyes. "Am I awake?" he thought.

Do not be surprised, Danilka, I came to you because you believe that on a rainy day there can be sun! - said Sunny Bunny very seriously.

Will you be friends with me? - the boy was delighted.

Can you make friends? - in turn asked Sunny Bunny.

Certainly. What is there not to know? Danilka was terribly surprised.

This we will see! - Sunny Bunny laughed, and small warm rays ran from him.

How wonderful everything is! - Danilka exclaimed and began to jump on one leg, saying: - I will not make the bed, let my grandmother clean it. And I don't feel like it today. - And at that moment the Bunny disappeared.

Bunny, Sunny Bunny, are you 1_dv? Danilka shouted, the room was quiet and dark.

Danilka parted the curtains, there were clouds in the sky.

“Where did the Sunny Bunny come from? he thought.

Yes, he is magical! AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

The boy guessed. And then he was afraid that the Bunny would not appear again. - No, you have to be a man, - he remembered his father's words and began to make the bed. When he raised his head, he saw that on the table, legs dangling, the Bunny sat comfortably.

“He appeared again. What happiness! Danilka laughed.

And why did he disappear? Probably by accident."

For now, don't tell anyone that we've met. It will be our secret, - Sunny Bunny whispered softly. Daniel nodded happily. “I have my own secret. That's great! Grandma entered the room. Her face was kind of strange. “Angry,” Danilka decided. - And he does not see anything that I have already washed, combed and dressed. Well, if the bed does not notice? indignant in advance, thought Danilka.

Rather, you will be late for the garden, ”grandmother hurried.

I didn't notice anything, I tried in vain! Danilka grumbled.

Before leaving, Danilka wanted to say goodbye to his friend, but. There was no Sunny Bunny in the room. “Gone again. Why? It is she who is to blame for everything, - and Danilka looked angrily at his grandmother. - Wow, what an evil face. He doesn’t even say anything, not like always.” Danilka walked to the kindergarten upset. Grandmother, breathing heavily, hardly caught up with him.

"What's wrong with her?" - [I] thought he and immediately ran skipping.

He looked around, grandmother was far behind and hurried to him. There was something unusual about her face and bent figure. Danilka did not understand, but for some reason his heart sank. [!] The boy ran towards his grandmother, took her by the hand.

What's wrong with you, grandma? he asked kindly,

Something bad for me today, dear. It can be seen that the weather is so damp and gloomy, ”grandmother answered quietly. And Danilka noticed that her face was not at all angry and angry, but sick and sad.

"Well, how stupid I am!" - the boy thought bitterly and immediately felt - something very warm and affectionate touched his shoulder. He turned his head and rejoiced. On his shoulder, as at home, his friend, Sunny Bunny, is located.

“Returned. Why?" - [!] Danilka thought.

Don't be upset. Now we will help grandmother.

Think yourself.

Grandma, hold on tight to me. My dear, honey, we won't be late, don't rush, don't worry. I won’t whine to be picked up early,” Danilka said. Grandmother smiled with difficulty, but walked a little more confidently and faster. And then Danilka saw a Sunny Bunny run over her face and hair. Grandmother closed her eyes and whispered:

The sun has broken through the clouds. Breathing became easier. Thank you, granddaughters, and the heart does not seem to hurt.

And the sun, too, "thank you"?

And to him, dear. Danilka walked and smiled. Grandma smiled too.

Goodbye. Until evening, - whispered Sunny Bunny. - Be| more carefully. - And disappeared.

“What is he talking about? At the table, perhaps, be more careful? No, probably when crossing the street. He worries about me,” Danilka decided. [!] . In the evening, Danilka's mother came for her. She smiled, though her eyes were tired.

At home, everyone sat down to drink tea. "Tomorrow is Saturday. All houses. Grandma is healthy. Mom isn't going anywhere! How good! flashed through Danilka's head, and he quickly slipped into the room. - Is there a Sunny Bunny? He promised." It was dark outside the windows, but Sunny Bunny sat quietly on the table. - See you tomorrow, Danilka. Good night, - Sunny Bunny whispered and disappeared. Danilka fell asleep smiling. Thus began the friendship between Danilka and Sunny Bunny. Many different adventures happened to Danilka and his friend. Here we begin the story about it.

L.P. Strelkov "The sad story of how Mishka's paw was torn off"

Danilka woke up early. Sunny Bunny was there. The mood is wonderful, one might say, festive. I wanted to quickly talk to my mother, have breakfast and go for a walk. Danilka listened: the apartment was quiet. "Are they still sleeping?" - the boy was upset. Now I will raise everyone, - he turned to the Bunny. The room became darker, and Sunny Bunny said sadly - I'm cold, Danilka. Danilka blushed. Why did he blush, do you think?

I understand everything, now you will be warm.

The boy went out into the corridor and began to walk on tiptoe in front of the door of his mother's room and sing loudly:

Tired toys are sleeping…

And then the Bunny called him into the room.

Danilka, tell me, did your mother work in the evenings?

Yes, a lot, - the boy answered.

Well, now she can sleep a little longer, rest?

Of course, I created all the conditions for her! - the boy said almost in a grandmotherly tone.

You created the conditions, but what?

Are these the right conditions for sleeping?

Danilka was confused. The bunny smiled.

I think you can tell me how to keep adults calm when they are very tired.

What should we do while everyone in the house is asleep? Danilka asked.

The hostess abandoned the bunny,

Bunny remained in the rain ...

Dropped Mishka on the floor

Mishka's paw was torn off...

Now look at the picture. Do you see three girls? What do you think, which of them is the mistress of Bunny, which one tore off Mishka's paw, and which of the girls takes pity on Mishka?

How can I tell, since it's not shown what they're doing? - protested Danilka

Can you tell?

And you look better. Danilka looked at the girls with all his might and again saw nothing.

Maybe this one is sorry for Mishka, she is serious, thoughtful, no, not this one. I don't know,

Danilka was perplexedly looking from one girl to another.

Help Danilka, please!

After breakfast, Danilka went out into the yard and looked around with interest. Life was teeming all around. A toddler stood in a large puddle and vigorously kneaded the mud, wiping his palms on his own pants. Danilka followed him with interest. And suddenly the poems came to mind. Danilka read them out loud to the baby, pointing his finger at him:

This one got into the mud and is glad that his shirt is dirty! They say about this: He is bad, a slob.

The dirty little boy smiled at him. Satisfied, Danilka went on.

What would you do in his place?

-What is this verse? - asked Sunny Bunny, who was on Danilka's shoulder.
- These are the poems of the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky "What is good and what is bad." I know them by heart.
- This is good. But are you doing everything right?

Certainly. I don’t tear a ball and a book, I don’t go out for a walk when it rains ...

Okay, okay, - Sunny Bunny stopped him. - Let's go for a walk. They went along the alley among tall trees. The rays of the sun made their way through the foliage, and from this, sunbeams jumped on the path. But his Sunny Bunny was still the only one. Daniel looked around. "Now, if now a fighter beat a weak boy, I would stand up for him and prove to Bunny that I am fearless." But there were no fights anywhere.

What are you guys playing? Danilka asked instead of greeting.

The wizards, they shouted at each other. Glory explained:

We have read the Fairy Tale "Flower-Semitsvetik" and now we are playing wizards. Do you know this book?

Of course, - Danilka somehow unexpectedly lied. - Who does not know her!

"Then the Bunny will tell me," he thought to himself.

Well, what would you wish for if you had the last petal left? Slava asked him.

“What other petal? It’s a pity, I don’t know the book. Now you won’t even ask the guys, you lied.”

If you were a wizard, what would you wish for, only if it is the only wish? - the guys teased him.

Danilka thought for a long time, sorting through whole mountains of toys, dogs, sweets in his head, and suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, said:

I would like to get into a fairy tale, a real fairy tale, at least one, no, better two or three.

All the children fell silent and looked at the boy in surprise.

We also wanted to, but this is probably dangerous, in a fairy tale it can be very scary, - the guys started talking animatedly. They were so carried away by the discussion of the journey to the fairy tale that they did not hear how the Sunny Bunny quietly said to Danilka:

This is not only dangerous for you, Danilka, but also for fairy-tale heroes. You're not ready for this yet! It's still too early! Danilka was upset. It seemed to him that he was quite ready for an independent dangerous journey: in a fairy tale, good and evil always fight, and good always wins. And Danilka would only help him win, because he knows so well what is good and what is bad.

Just then, Slava's sister, Nastya, came into the yard, she was already in the sixth grade. She had a book in her hands. The guys shouted: "Read again, read, please."

I've already read to you! - Nastya was surprised.

Well, please, Nastya, we still want.

Okay, listen, I myself wanted to read it again. Danilka listened, afraid to move, forgetting everything in the world.

The girl was so much like him, Danilka, she even conceived the same desires*. But the last petal is torn off. All children are silent, everyone thinks about his own.

ASCENT TO THE PAST

(Only for adults)

... at the beginning, probably, it was "oh" or "ai" ...

I. Brodsky

... Ascension to ... the past ... Is there a paradox here? the reader will think. If we mean our and the world Culture, then it is the Ascension. Remember how much we have lost in recent decades. After all, the Golden and Silver Ages of our culture and art have passed. What else can be, if not a belated return to the Past. It was available to us only partially, in grains, weeded out by cruel ideological censorship. In truth

... The connecting thread has broken for days,
How can we put them together!...

(W. Shakespeare)

Those patterns of emotional culture that had developed in Russian noble families, in a patriarchal peasant family and in small provincial towns of Russia were thrown into the dustbin of history. We created a new person... But let's not talk about that... Let's get back to emotional culture. Our book is about it. Of course, we will not cover all aspects of this problem even briefly. Rather, we are opening a cycle of scientific and artistic books on this topic that is most relevant for us, and especially for our children. Of those published, we recommend the book "Lessons from a Fairy Tale", where the child, together with an adult, will join the samples of moral culture, the culture of sympathy, enter into situations of moral choice that he will try to resolve on his own or together with the heroes of the book. The main thing is that there is no obsessive edification, declaring hackneyed elementary truths.

The purpose of the proposed book is somewhat different, although close in essence (both there and here - emotions, feelings!). We hope that this book will help a child and, to some extent, an educating adult, enter the world of emotional culture, master the ways and techniques in the manifestation and understanding of emotions, feelings in those forms that are accepted or have been accepted in society (especially in the very Past ) and which are ethically and aesthetically valuable in various social situations.

Let's expand on our main goal. Firstly, I would very much like to help educators teach the child to "read", or rather, to read, to understand the "language of emotions" in real life, i.e. the ability to look closely at the faces and gestures of a person (and all living and spiritualized by a person), to the expressiveness of the eyes; peer into them and catch their variability, listen to the intonations of speech, notice and understand the various nuances of its sound. Secondly, we hope to lay the foundations for teaching the child in a timely, adequate and aesthetic way (the latter is extremely important) to show their own emotions, fill them with warmth and a humane attitude towards others. And, finally, thirdly, I would like the joint work of a child and an adult (on a book) to stimulate the child to master his emotions and feelings, to teach the child, as psychologists say, emotional self-regulation - one of the fundamental personality traits of an intellectual (it’s not even worth saying, that the same was wanted from adults).

So who and what is this book intended for? Of course, children and adults. For reading and further joint reflection and activity. But for which children? Children of senior preschool (but you can start earlier) and primary school age (and maybe even older).

The main content of the book consists of two parts. The first part introduces children and adults into the world of experiences and emotional behavior in various situations that are significant for social life. We are talking here about whole emotional episodes, rituals and those problematic situations in which conflicting emotions are manifested. In the second, the author tries to reveal individual emotional states of people in as much detail as possible.

The story texts for children and the "Emotional Workshops" for adults included in the fabric of Parts I and II are similarly divided. This is another division of the entire text, already within the parts, according to the principle of destination to different categories of readers.

"Emotional workshops" are aimed at educators of children's institutions, elementary school teachers, parents - and in general, all educators adults. Educators can use these informative texts not only for their own pedagogical practice and for working on themselves (after all, all adults are models of emotional behavior for children, and it is desirable that these samples be more perfect both in an ethical and aesthetic sense), but also, finally, for pedagogical assistance to parents, many of whom may have serious gaps in this regard.

What is the best way to work with a book? We recommend that you read the entire book from start to finish. Then scroll through it again to get a holistic view of the arrangement of the material, you may want to return to this or that material from the Emotional Workshops. Pictures and expressive interjections like "ah!", "ha-ha-ha", "ay-ya-yay!" and so on. Located along the edge of the sheet, they will help you immediately find out what will be discussed - about the feeling of surprise, about the funny, about experiencing the feeling of shame, etc. So you can quickly find the information you need at the moment (this applies to two types of texts in Part II).

When working together on a book, a non-reading child can be shown the spelling of a letter, pronounce the corresponding sound and interjection, and then talk about the experiences associated with it. In this way, a double goal will be achieved - children will better remember sounds and letters and get acquainted with the primer of emotions: one will contribute to the development of the other (mnemonics technique).

Texts for adults, as we have already mentioned, are intended for educators in the family and in children's institutions. The problems and questions raised in the workshops do not always have comprehensive answers; they can be discussed at teachers' seminars with the development of productive discussions and analysis of problem situations.

The theme of "Emotional Workshops" is easy to determine by the table of contents.

Texts for children can be read to your child at home, sitting in a comfortable chair, but they can also be read in a kindergarten group, elementary school class or orphanage. The main characters of all plot texts are the girl Natalie, the bearer of the noble culture of the 19th century, and two children - contemporaries of our six-year-olds.

In the first part of the book, Natalie invites Misha and Dasha on a journey to the last century, to her ancestral home. Modern children find themselves in an environment completely unknown to them, they become witnesses of amazing relationships, to which they do not always adequately respond. At the same time, such situations arise that sometimes Natalie also gets into a dead end, who is well-educated and in many ways can serve as a model in behavior and experiences for other characters. Some emerging questions remain open, as they say: "think for yourself, decide for yourself ...".

In part II, the characters travel to fantastic countries, and the first country in this series is Surprise ("Hello, Surprise!"). Here the adventures of the characters unfold in the capital of this fantastic country, the city of Akh-Tyubinsk. Here the main signs are revealed - obvious and hidden, which are, as it were, in the subtext of emotional life - the emotions of "surprise", by which you can recognize this emotion, determine the degree and depth of its experience, those situations in which it productively or destructively, destructively manifests itself.

Recall that the content of the "Emotional Workshops" of Part II is subject to the dynamics of describing and mastering a certain emotion: its identification, its subtlest understanding, its own manifestation in complete harmony with the social situation, mastery of emotion, contributing to the formation of emotional self-regulation.

Questions that arise can be discussed with the children after reading. It is advisable to use the plot basis for games that can include both ready-made dolls (having previously made costumes or important costume details together with the children), and made together or only by children. For this, a doll drawn, pasted on cardboard and then cut out, etc., is well suited. Plots can simply be reproduced, but it is better, of course, for children to develop them creatively. There are incentives and opportunities for this in the book. You will be convinced of this by reading the texts. Suitable game attributes are also easy to pick up or make. But the main thing here is that children, while playing, learn to master their facial expressions, the sound of speech, gestures in ethical and aesthetic terms, and at the same time master the understanding of this peculiar language, listening and looking closely at others. Therefore, it is desirable that an adult also takes part in these games. It is very good to start games in a group, distributing roles between children.

Let us emphasize once again the great importance of introducing the child to an emotional culture that will contribute to the formation of an emotionally bright, morally rich and self-possessed personality. We draw attention to the fact that children should be taught the "language of emotions", starting with mastering the "emotional primer" and not entrusting this learning to a spontaneous process (which is now happening everywhere).

Different kinds of feelings, emotions arise in a child in relation to natural phenomena (living and inanimate nature), to objects created by human hands, including works of art, to other people and social events, and, finally, to himself. All these various emotions require their understanding, decoding, manifestation corresponding to the situation, and for all that - mastery of oneself, one's feelings. bright and morally formed personalities, because for this the subtlety of the soul is absolutely necessary: smart emotions and a kind mind.

The thing is that the norms of behavior, ethical rules, etiquette and familiarization with the PERCEPTION of beauty should be presented to the child only in the context of his emotional development and upbringing (his interests, needs, feelings), and not in a purely verbal, divorced from his inner world, binding form, the binding nature of which, alas! - instantly collapses in a problem situation.

“Hearing with the eyes is the highest mind of love,” Shakespeare said, and we simply must help parenting adults teach this to our children. I would like our children to learn to "see with their ears", in other words, that a variety of sounds, intonations and, finally, music evoke visual images rich in colors. So that shades of color contribute to the emergence of various moods, the subtlest experiences of the soul. So that the soul is prepared to perceive the beauty of the deed.

Of course, children and adults more or less understand the "language of emotions". But how does it happen? Looks, facial expressions are accompanied by words that most often help to reveal the meaning of emotions (for example, mom looks reproachfully and says: “Shame on you!”), And if only a reproachful look, and even with a touch of sadness, whether every child or even an adult understand it? But we have given the simplest example. So that in the future our children could experience the strongest cleansing pleasure from beautiful music, painting, ballet (all this is a separate sound, image, pantomime movement), they naturally need to know the “basics” of the language of emotions. Actually, this is what our book is about. The content of its sections, both in artistic and popular science form, represents the basic principles of the formation of an individual's emotional culture: it is the adequacy of emotions, a sense of proportion and appropriateness in their manifestation, aesthetically and ethically valuable forms of their manifestation, the effectiveness and humanity of feelings and emotions.

I would like to reiterate several important provisions. We deliberately showed through the image of Natalie some of the positive aspects of Russian noble culture, its best moments in the sphere of experiences and feelings. It is especially important to protect children from manifestations of aggressiveness, anger, revenge, envy. Just in the culture of Russian nobles, it was especially shameful to show such feelings, it was not accepted, it was not supposed to be in society, it was excluded from the etiquette of behavior, and finally, not “comme il faut” (comm il faut - as it should).

The other side of acquaintance with some aspects of the culture of the past is cognitive. It will be interesting for children to get acquainted with the features of a bygone life, way of life, traditions. Of course, they are shown in the fullness that corresponds to our task - to familiarize children and adults with emotional culture. Therefore, it is not at all necessary to adopt those patterns of life and behavior that were mandatory in noble etiquette (for example, decorating a dining table with a lot of cutlery or French in home communication). By the way, the French language is present in the texts in order to convey the color of that time, for a more organic familiarization with the past era, getting used to it. If adults can read in French the individual short phrases we have given, then this would be highly desirable, especially since there is a translation and there are not so many of them.

Texts for children are special "psycho-dramatic" (from the word "psychodrama") texts - "constructed" in such a way that, based on emotional identification (merging with characters), empathy, they make you feel what the characters feel and do. These texts are the basis, the starting point for dramatization games, in which children can not only continue, develop and invent their own stories, but also include (with the imperceptible help of an adult) experiences of their own lives. With favorite characters, children are very sincere and frank. Therefore, do not look for individual educational games and exercises for children in the manual. This is the subject of another special manual ("Pull the string").

After reading the book to the end, you will see that modern children are no worse than the well-bred Natalie, the envoy of the 19th century, they are simply not well-educated, and precisely in the field of emotional culture. And that, of course, is our fault.

We emphasize once again: since the atmosphere of aggressiveness, anger is extremely harmful and dangerous for the fragile souls of children, we paid a lot of attention to these feelings. Of course, you don’t think that everything negative shown in the book will be a role model for children, the most important thing here is the changes that occur with the characters, the gradual transformation and enlightenment of their feelings and emotions, their relationship to each other and to everyone. surrounding. With the help of fantastic artistic images, children will be able to get closer to the "convex" presented, almost separately "materialized" emotions. Indeed, in life, emotions sometimes acquire such a powerful power over us that they seem to separate from us and lead us, and we drag along behind them (for example, remember Paul Verlaine "I accompanied my sadness ...").

The area of our feelings is such a subtle and subjective sphere that its features have subordinated the author to their own laws and determined a special, intimate style of presenting the material of "Emotional Workshops". In an effort to develop this sphere in children, it is impossible to conduct traditional classes in a group, hence the "intimacy" of the appeal to the reader. In the group and classroom, this means an individual approach to each child. Therefore, the allowance is equally focused on the family, and on the group of kindergarten and school.

In conclusion, we emphasize once again that the upbringing of adults in the field of emotional culture has many gaps, so that, to some extent, the information in this publication may be useful to them as well. The book is based on many years of research by the author and on the theoretical foundation of a new concept of preschool education, one of the developers of which is the author of this book.

So, let's try to go together all the way from Ah to ... ai-yay-yay!

Misha, Dasha and doll Natasha

WHO'S COME?

- Ring, ring, ring - rang throughout the apartment in the early morning. There was something mysterious, enigmatic in this call...

Misha and Dasha in their pajamas rushed straight out of bed to the front door. While they were trying to push each other away from the castle, gradually turning to a friendly brawl, mom came out into the corridor, and dad looked out of the room with the Ogonyok magazine in his hand. Mom pushed the furiously puffing children away from the door and calmly opened the door. An uncle in a handsome uniform stood on the threshold, holding a large cardboard box wrapped in wax paper with golden flowers by a string.

Take delivery, gentlemen. She walked for a very long time, very long,” said the uncle, then looked thoughtfully at the wall clock, bowed politely and ran down the stairs.

We have an elevator,” the children shouted after him, who were the first to come to their senses from everything that had happened.

Thank you gentlemen. It’s already been paid,” the uncle said incomprehensibly from somewhere below.

The front door slammed. The children, followed by their parents, rushed to the window. Well, exactly! There was something wrong with this whole incident! Imagine, at the entrance, next to the brand new Zhiguli, there was a real mail carriage drawn by a pair of horses. The man jumped on the footboard of the carriage, and in an instant it disappeared.

Mom and dad were silent. And in the silence of the morning apartment a cry was heard:

Box!!! Misha and Dasha came to their senses at the same time. Half a second later they were in the corridor and, of course, they clung together to the gleaming gold paper. The paper was smooth, cool, and seemed to caress the fingers. Dasha felt a chill inside her, her fingers trembled. She looked at Misha and realized that the same thing was happening to him. Only he is more brave because he is a boy.

Don't tear the paper,' Dasha said angrily to her brother to hide her confusion.

Let's ask dad to open it, Misha unexpectedly suggested.

Come on, come on, - the girl was delighted. And the brother and sister carefully carried the box to their parents.

Mom and dad sat at the table and talked quietly. When the children entered, they immediately fell silent.

Open the parcel, please,” Dasha asked. Mom visibly flinched.

You see,” she turned to her father, “the package has remained. Will you deny it? What is this dream? And how could he dream of everyone at once?

Dad was surprised, raising his eyebrows high, looking at the box, then for some reason touched it.

Yes, it's business," he drawled. “Since it’s already happened, we’ll have to open it.” Dad hesitated a little more. Painfully, everything is wonderful, and it doesn’t climb into any normal gates. But the children knew that their dad was a real man and would not back down from difficulties!

Well, dad ... - Dasha encouraged him, herself turning cold from inexplicable joyful horror.

Wait, wait, something is written here, ”papa suddenly saw.

Wow! A message from the last century. It was not for nothing that the messenger apologized for the delay,” my mother said in a rustling voice.

Yes. She walked for maybe 100 years, dad calculated. began to unpack the package. The address is still ours!

When the box was finally opened, Dasha squealed with delight, and Misha immediately turned sour, because there was a doll in the box. Oh, what a beautiful and elegant doll it was! How extraordinary, how fragile and at the same time brave!!

Apparently, the package got lost in time, - dad said completely incomprehensibly and sighed with relief. He was pleased that he found at least some explanation for what had happened. Dasha reached out her hands to the doll and took it out of the box. Now, in the hands of the girl, the doll seemed even more beautiful and more defenseless.

“Do you know, the girl’s name is Natalie,” my mother said. For some reason, she could not call this miracle a doll: there was something in Natalie that made her unlike all dolls known to her mother, including Barbie.

Misha frowned and thought to himself: “Just think, some other Natalie!”, but for some reason he also couldn’t take his eyes off her. Indeed, Natalie always wanted to look. Watch and quietly rejoice, her face seemed to even glow, especially her eyes.

All day Dasha did not leave Natalie.

- Mom, is it true that Natasha is the most beautiful girl from dolls? Dasha asked every minute, knowing in advance what answer would follow.

At dinner, Natalie sat on a chair next to Dasha. Dasha looked at her endlessly and because of this she almost knocked over a plate of borscht. Dasha refused to go for a walk. In fact, you can’t take Natalie with you into the yard, so tender and beautiful and in such an outfit.

No, no, it's impossible! But leaving her at home alone is also impossible. And Misha, perhaps for the first time in his life, went for a walk without his sister. He took a bicycle with him and decided that now he would ride to hell. They often fought over this bike! And now Misha will own the bike completely. But Misha did not walk for long. He didn't feel like riding a bike today. It was kind of boring! Yes, and all the time pestered one thought: "What is there at home?". And Misha quickly returned.

But, of course, nothing particularly interesting happened at home. Dasha still rushed about with this Natalie and could not get enough of her.

"Here, wait, drop it and break it. It beats!" Misha thought gloomily.

"DO NOT CRY, DASHA!"

No, Misha shouldn't have thought so badly! Of course, he later regretted it very much. It was not necessary! And here's what happened.

Dasha began to arrange Natalie for the night in her bed, laid her on a pillow - Natasha's curls scattered beautifully over a snow-white pillowcase, wrapped her in a blanket, tucked her in from all sides and went to brush her teeth. In the bathroom, she found that her brush was wet. "Aha! So Mishka was brushing his teeth with my brush again!" Dasha thought angrily, and with a wet brush in her hands flew into the nursery. Her cheeks were on fire. Rushing to her brother, she began to rub her toothbrush on the defenseless top of her head. Misha twitched in surprise, cried out in some kind of thin voice, and, saving himself, jumped onto Dasha's bed. The sight of Dasha made him angry and stood up abruptly. Clenching the corner of the blanket in his fist, he tugged at it. And then something terrible happened... In the warm air of the children's room, the children heard a thin cold sound, from which they froze in warlike poses.

Dasha closed her eyes. She realized that she would never open them again. And Misha looked with all his eyes: on the floor, spreading porcelain handles, lay Natalie's doll, beautiful Natalie. Apparently, it crashed, although it is not immediately visible. It was impossible to believe it!

Dasha stood with her eyes closed, silently opening her mouth like a fish on the sand, and could not cry out loud, howl. She wanted this the most. But the grief of the girl was so great that nothing worked.

And suddenly the unexpected happened. Something seemed to push Misha's arm. The boy bent down, took a silver bag from Natalie's handle, opened it and took out a bottle trimmed with small sparkling stones. Why did he do it? Misha still doesn't know. Then he was completely taken aback.

Although Misha was a little distracted, how hard it was in his soul! "Well, why won't she cry at all? She would cry or something, but I would tell her:" Don't cry, Dasha! "I would calm her down, otherwise ..." Misha opened the bottle. A wonderful smell wafted through the room. The boy felt a little dizzy, the chandelier floated quietly to the side. By itself, the bottle in Misha's hand tilted, and a few crystal droplets, sparkling under the electric light, fell on Natalie's doll.

... And at that moment, at that very moment, when Dasha finally closed her mouth and opened her eyes, someone said in a most gentle voice:

Sir, close the bottle, please. After all, everything will spill. Be so kind, sir!

Misha opened his eyes wide. They became completely round. Misha looked at his sister with all his round eyes. But no! She didn't say o-n-a! Then who is?

Help the lady up, sir. Give me your hand, please. “Yes, who, who-uuu!?” Misha yelled in horror.

Me, Natalie. Can't you see that I fell. I hurt my shoulder. I'm sorry to disturb you.

Brother and sister looked at the doll. Yes, what am I? What doll is there? A girl was sitting on the floor, in a stunningly beautiful dress with bare shoulders and thin fingers rubbing her shoulder.

Misha held out his hand to Natalie, she put her hand in his and he quickly pulled. Natalie screamed.

Michelle, I'm sorry, but I'm hurting. Haven't you ever helped Dashenka?

- Dasha? Give a hand. What am I, some kind of goat?

Why is the goat here? I don't understand. Explain, please, Michelle, Natalie was mildly surprised. In general, when she spoke, her voice sounded so that it seemed to Misha and Dasha that someone was stroking their heads with a very gentle hand and at the same time blowing a warm breeze. I must admit * that after all Misha turned out to be a real man - he quickly came to his senses and even spoke to Natalie.

But Dasha... Dasha stood quietly swaying. She was sure it was a dream. Only now she was tormented by the question: did the doll crash in a dream or before going to bed?

Dasha felt that the whole room was filled with the most delicate aroma, that this aroma evokes in her the feeling of flying, some shadows appear from the fog, circle, approach and disappear ...

Dasha, Dashenka, look at your brother. He can't stop the bottle. Help him, Dashenka, please. In this bottle is the spirit of my time, my century unknown to you, - Natalie spoke completely incomprehensibly ...

But Dasha finally came to her senses. She snatched the vial from her brother's hands and began looking for the cap. Natalie gasped softly, but said nothing, only slightly blushed and lowered her long black eyelashes. Dasha busily searched for the lid, found it, tightly closed the bottle and looked triumphantly at Natalie and Misha.

Natalie sighed.

Let's get to know each other, gentlemen," Natalie said solemnly. - My name is Natalie, or rather, Natalia Nikolaevna. We lived very interestingly, I had brothers and sisters. My dad ordered a doll from a master puppeteer that would look like one of the children. The doll looks like me. Then many, many years passed and I don’t remember how everything got mixed up - either I am a living Natali doll, or I am a Natali girl, just like a doll. And it's all because of the spirits. They were inherited by my mother. Her great-great-grandfather was a secret alchemist.

Who, who?—the children did not understand.

“Oh, please excuse me. This is something like a magician, but not fabulous, but real. He, this distant ancestor of ours, managed to make such spirits, inhaling which we can return to the past. Here I, for example, again became a girl. I am very grateful to you, Michel, - and Natalie, taking the hem of her dress with her fingertips, slightly sat down in front of Misha.

But Misha paid no attention to this. Now he already understood: the girl is old, with all sorts of ancient things, dryuchki, which you should not pay attention to. It will be easier this way, otherwise, if you take everything into your head, you will go crazy!

Dasha, casting aside all doubts, decided that she would be friends with Natalie, she really liked her, but she seemed somehow unearthly, airy or something. And not only because Natalie's dress looked like a fluffy cloud, but also because all this airiness came out of her voice, movements, expression of her eyes and something else ... Dasha could not, for example, easily pull Natalie's hand, push her into side. Something was bothering her. “Nothing, then I’ll get used to it. Everything will be fine,” the girl reassured herself.

Guys, remember, please, during the day I will be Natalie's doll so as not to frighten your parents, and in the evenings we will inhale wonderful perfumes and thanks to them we will travel through time and space, even in distorted space.

What else is distorted? Misha was surprised.

“Have you ever looked into crooked mirrors, been in a fun room, Michel?” This is something similar, only the space is writhing and the people who live there too, Natalie tried to explain. Dasha understood almost nothing, but she liked the way Natalie moved, waved her pen, said something very clever.

Oh, gentlemen, how I want to be at least a little bit in my home in St. Petersburg, not far from the Mariinsky Theater, Natalie murmured dreamily. Suddenly, her eyes lit up with a blue light. “But it’s possible. Why are we wasting time on empty talk. Michelle, would you be so kind as to open the bottle of perfume, please. But please, be careful.

The children opened the bottle and took turns sniffing. A subtle noble smell, as it were, parted the walls of the nursery, the floor slid under your feet and turned into a sparkling picture: it was scary to step on the weave of an ornament of flowers and geometric shapes, lined with small parquets - suddenly you would destroy it! Cupids made of gypsum fluttered along the dazzling white ceiling, the walls were cast in silk.

The door opened without a creak and a ruddy, well-dressed girl in a lace apron peered into the room.

“Ah, Natalie, are you ready and your guests too?” Mamma will be angry, - she sang outright, and it seemed that she was not scolding Natalie, but simply admiring her sluggishness, her voice was so gentle.

Is this a princess? Misha asked in a matter-of-fact way, he wanted to demonstrate his knowledge.

Natalie laughed as if silver bells were ringing.

This is our maid Anyuta. It looks like everyone is going to the Opera.

Where-ku-y-yes? - Misha drawled in shock. Dasha tugged sharply at his sleeve.

Don't go anywhere! What are you, a savage?

Misha bit his tongue. The old girl was beginning to annoy him.

We need to live easier,” he said, raising his finger.

Fool, - Dasha hissed at him, - anyway, you don't look like dad, even though you talk like him.

Misha imperceptibly poked Dasha in the side. The girl squealed and wanted to answer her brother with the same courtesy. But Natalie hastened them.

Hurry, gentlemen, you mustn't be late for the Opera. We'll miss the overture," Natalie whispered as she walked.

The room was full of children. They quickly dressed in beautiful outfits. Even the tiniest boys pulled gloves over their plump hands. And Misha immediately got entangled in lace, jabot, pantaloons and other nonsense. But Anyuta helped him very quickly and deftly. At the same time, she pulled the dress on Dashenka from behind.

Now everything is in order. Gentlemen, look at yourself in the mirror, have you forgotten anything? Anyuta asked cheerfully.

They all descended in a rustling crowd down the wide marble staircase. Downstairs, a lady was waiting for them, elegant and beautiful, like a fairy.

This is our maman, - Natalie whispered in Dasha's ear, her eyes shining merrily and as if checking the impression made on the children by the beautiful fairy.

Dear children, good evening! We're glad to see you. - the voice of a beautiful fairy sounded like a musical instrument.

Good evening. Good evening, dear mother! Children screamed from all sides. But although they shouted loudly and joyfully, there was no hubbub and uproar. This just puzzled Misha. He grinned to himself: "Now, if so many children in our group screamed at once! Maybe because they don't shout in Russian?" Misha suggested.

Do you know French? Natalie asked our time travelers.

Are you crazy? We are not in school yet. Who will teach us? Misha asked the laughing Natalie, squinting mockingly. And then Dasha pinched him. As soon as he abruptly turned to his sister in order to restore justice, a three-year-old toddler politely addressed him:

Laissez passer, s’il vous plait, Michel (Please let me through, Misha), the little one chirped.

Misha's eyes nearly popped with surprise; he just choked on his words, which is why Dasha got away with her trick.

Even downstairs, in the vestibule, there was a subtle, noble smell of familiar perfume. He made voices quieter and more musical, looks and smiles softer and more benevolent. For some reason, I even wanted to love everyone and admire everyone.

Suddenly, someone laughed loudly. Of course, this is Misha. Dasha looked sternly at her brother.

“Dashka, this stupid toad is tickling my neck.

It was obvious that he was about to start laughing indecently. Dasha went cold.

- Not a frill, but a frill, you fool. And it doesn't tickle, it tickles. And shut up, finally, ”Dasha taught her brother courtesy.

Children and adults did not hear (or pretended not to hear) the skirmish between brother and sister. Everyone wrapped themselves in fur coats and sat in three carriages.

We drove through the evening Petersburg ... Snow was falling outside the window of the carriage. The lanterns were barely noticeable. There were already many carriages at the theater, children and adults were getting out of them. The doors were constantly opening and the bright golden light of hundreds of candles escaped from the theater...

Everyone was seated in the couch. The girls took out fans and fanned themselves like real ladies. No one threw papers from sweets and cookies on the floor. There was an even, joyful hum in the huge hall, and suddenly everything was quiet.

The orchestra played the overture.

This is the introduction to the opera. It tells about what will happen in the whole opera,” Natalie, who was sitting next to her in the box, explained very quietly to Misha and Dasha.

Misha and Dasha began to expect that now someone would come on stage and begin to tell the contents of the opera. At least it will be a little more fun. But there was music and everything.

When will they tell? Misha asked Natalie rather loudly. Several heads immediately turned towards the boy. The eyes looked stern, but not very.

What are they? Misha was surprised. “After all, nothing has started yet! Natalie put her thin pink finger to her laughing lips.

Misha was indignant to himself, but this time he said nothing. “This girl teaches me all the time…” But still he began to listen to the sounds. For some reason they didn't tell him anything. They just sounded and sounded to themselves - either rare and transparent, or a whole joyful or sad crowd and very thick, saturated. Something began to break through these sounds to the boy's heart: someone's suffering and joy, someone's pain and someone's laughter, but then Misha laid his head on the velvet fence of the box, next to the theater binoculars, quietly closed his eyes and plunged into sweet Dreams.

Misha woke up in the morning in his nursery, on the second tier of the bed. Hanging down his head, shaggy from sleep, Misha saw his sister sleeping below. And Natalie was sleeping next to her, but not the living yesterday's girl Natasha, but an ordinary doll, though not quite ordinary, it seemed to Misha that the doll's eyelashes were barely noticeably trembling.

"What is it - I dreamed everything? Or was it really?" the boy thought.

"Everything was a dream!" he decided at last.

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