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Leadval work. Biography

St. Petersburg - the main facade of the Russian Empire from Europe. According to it, the attitude of Western states to the new city and the entire Russian Empire will be formed. This was well understood by Peter I. But Russia did not yet have its own architects capable of creating a truly European face of St. Petersburg. Therefore, the emperor invites Western talents here on a contractual basis, for whom it was almost impossible to find work at that time in Europe. And they are going. Often, coming "for a little bit", they stay for many years, and even for life. And families are brought here. And they themselves serve the new sovereign, and their offspring, having become subjects of the Russian Empire by hereditary law. This is how the life of one of the most famous masters of the late 19th - early 20th century, the architect Lidval F.I.

Curriculum vitae

Baron Lidval is the son of a Swedish subject, but was born not in his historical homeland, but in St. Petersburg. He had an excellent education, like many aristocrats: he graduated from elementary school at the church of St. Catherine, located on Nevsky Prospekt, the Real School and the School of Technical Drawing, and then the Academy of the Three Most Noble Arts. The education continued in the studio of Lev Nikolaevich Benois helped to determine the stylistic direction of creativity and the purpose of buildings, to which the architect Lidval approached with care, creativity and responsibility.

For more than 25 years the master devoted his work, for more than 7 years he taught future architects, preparing personnel of a high level of skill. A year after the events of 1917 he emigrated to Sweden.

Fedor Ivanovich Lidval lived a long and eventful life. He lived to the age of 75 and died in Stockholm.

Characteristics of creativity

The architect Lidval chose the architecture of a profitable business as the main area of creative application. Most of its buildings are tenement houses and hotels. The master erected his creations in the style. According to him, the buildings of Lidval are massive and monumental, they seem built to last for centuries. In accordance with the chosen style, he used mainly natural building materials - stone and wood. Sparing in decor, they look strict and simple, but at the same time they retain aristocracy and sophistication. The scale of the master's intent is amazing.

In St. Petersburg, this is one of the most famous apartment buildings, built according to the project of F. I. Lidval. It is located on the embankment of the Fontanka River and Rubinstein Street. Why Tolstoy? Everything is very simple - in St. Petersburg people often gave tenement houses names after the name of the landlord, in this case M. P. Tolstoy.

Why is the Tolstoy House in St. Petersburg famous? This building can be called a film actor, because it is almost the main character of many famous films of the Soviet and post-Soviet period: "You never dreamed", "Winter Cherry", "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson", "Gangster Petersburg", etc. .

The house, like other buildings of F. I. Lidval, was erected in the northern modern style he chose. This nine-storey extended building with a large courtyard and many arches looks very monumental. It is also lined with hewn limestone. The lower part of the facade is highlighted with red brick and plastered. Relief panels and oval-shaped windows, vases in niches were used as decor.

"Astoria"

The hotel in St. Petersburg is one of the buildings of the architect Lidval, which harmoniously fit into the already existing architectural ensemble of St. Isaac's Square. It is located at its intersection with Bolshaya Morskaya Street and is made in the form of a trapezoid with a narrow, slightly concave side along the eastern border of the square.

The creation of a hotel with a claim to be one of the best in Europe was financed by the German organization Weiss & Freitag. In the work on the project, Lidval was helped by his students - students and graduates of the Polytechnic Institute. The site that was chosen for the construction of the new hotel was occupied by a dilapidated building of furnished rooms "Bristol".

The latest construction and design technologies, unique varieties of red granite from the Vyborg quarries, a large amount of glass and different tree species were used in the construction of the Astoria Hotel. Everything was done conscientiously and for centuries, which came in handy later, when the First World War was going on and the hotel became one of the important military facilities of the city.

The building of this commercial bank was erected according to the project of the architect Lidval not far from Astoria, on Bolshaya Morskaya Street. Both buildings, built next to a difference of a year, inherit the Northern Art Nouveau in their style. This is a fundamental element of ancient classics - an Ionic columned portico based on the order system and pilaster decoration.

Natural stone has traditionally been used in the design of the facades - the walls of the bank are lined with square slabs of gray granite. They have a modest relief decor in the form of garlands and medallions, which does not differ in color. Skillfully used asymmetry. This is all the more important because the plots on which the buildings of the bank and the Astoria Hotel were erected had an irregular shape, which greatly complicated the work on the project.

Mom's houses

Twice Fyodor Ivanovich Lidval fulfilled the order of his mother Ida Baltazarovna Lidval. Ida Baltazarovna was engaged in a profitable business and had several houses in St. Petersburg.

Initially, F.I. Lidval reconstructed her house on Bolshaya Morskaya Street, at No. 27. And then - on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, under No. 1-3.

The first of them, purchased from the former owner Alexandra Afanasyevna Malm, housed the company of the deceased husband Ida Lidval - a clothing trading house. Part of the premises was leased to other firms, for example, for the manufacture of optics for citizens, a photo studio, etc. The reconstruction carried out in the house by F. Lidval at the request of his mother was reduced to the installation of elevators, minor internal alterations and an addition to the 5th floor.

As for the second home, then all the work fell entirely on the shoulders of the son. The site was purchased by my mother from Yakov Mikhailovich Koks on credit, and there were still wooden buildings on it, which remained from the previous owner. The house therefore began to build on the far side of the site. It consisted of the main building and two wings, the northern one was wholly owned by the Lidvals. Here they lived, here Ida Baltazarovna died. The main building is decorated with a balcony, on the lattice of which is the Lidval monogram and his name. This house was different from others at that time, as it was the first in which a court-court-doner was located between the buildings.

All four buildings of the house are of different heights. The highest one overlooks Bolshaya Posadskaya Street and has five floors. The lower part of the facades of the buildings is lined with gray granite slabs, and parts of the facade are lined with potted tiles. In addition, the house has ceilings and ceilings made of expensive wood species, majolica tiles are used.

Fyodor Ivanovich Lidval was born on May 20, 1870 in St. Petersburg in the family of a Swedish citizen. After graduating from elementary school at the Church of St. Catherine, Fedor entered the 2nd Petersburg real school. After graduation, for the next two years, the young man studied at the School of Technical Drawing. In 1890, Fyodor Lidval entered the Academy of Arts. After four years of study at the Academy, the young architect continued his education in the workshop of Leonty Nikolaevich Benois.

The main works of the young Fyodor Lidval were tenement houses, which he designed in a new style for that time - modern. The architect built a residential building on the Kadetskaya line (house No. 9), a house-hotel of the merchant Alekseev (Apraksin per. 6). He also reconstructed the profitable house of his mother I. B. Lidval (Bolshaya Morskaya st. 27).

Real recognition came to Lidval in 1904, when he built an apartment building by I. B. Lidval (Kamennoostrovsky pr. 1-3). On the same avenue, he built the house of A.F. Zimmerman (No. 61). The first stage of the architect's work continued with buildings in the center of St. Petersburg: Malaya Konyushennaya st. 3; Bolshaya Konyushennaya st. 19 ; Mokhovaya st. 14.

In 1907, a special commission for awarding prizes for the best facades awarded Fyodor Ivanovich Lidval a silver medal. In 1909 he was awarded the title of academician of architecture. According to the project of the architect, buildings were built not only in St. Petersburg, but also in Moscow, Kyiv, Astrakhan, Kharkov.

In 1907-1909, Lidval built the building of the Second Mutual Credit Society (Sadovaya st. 34), the building of the Azov-Don Commercial Bank (Bolshaya Morskaya st. 3-5). For the design of the building of the Azov-Don Bank, he received a gold medal from the city commission for awarding prizes for the best facades.

Fedor Ivanovich Lidval took part in the fate of two prominent St. Petersburg hotel buildings. In 1908, he began to reconstruct the building of the hotel "European", in 1910-1912 he was engaged in the construction of the building of the hotel "Astoria".

Almost at the same time, Fyodor Ivanovich Lidval worked on the tenement houses of Count M.P. Tolstoy (52-54 Fontanka River Embankment) and industrialist E.L. Nobel (Lesnoy Ave. 20). For Nobel, next to his tenement house, Lidval also built a mansion.

In 1910-1917, Fedor Ivanovich Lidval taught at the Faculty of Architecture of the Women's Polytechnic Institute, was a member of many competition commissions, and participated in the publication of an architectural and art magazine.

In 1918, the architect left for Stockholm, where his family already lived by that time. In Sweden, the architect built several residential and public buildings. Fedor Ivanovich Lidval died in Sweden on March 14, 1945.

Petersburg architect Fedor Ivanovich (Johann Frederick) Lidval(1870-1945) - by origin and citizenship - a Swede with an admixture of Danish blood, and by his work - a Russian architect, a genius of St. Petersburg modernity, a leading master of an entire architectural era.

His buildings are the iconic symbols of the Silver Age, the standards of the capital St. Petersburg architecture in the period from 1899 to 1917. It is characteristic that the richest St. Petersburg family of Nobel industrialists ordered the construction of houses and mansions to Fyodor Lidval. The interiors of the magnificent Evropeyskaya Hotel were designed by Fyodor Lidval, and the most luxurious room (“presidential” suite) has a personal name “Lidval”. Preparing to enter in 1941 after the assault on the city on the Neva, the German command printed invitation cards for a gala banquet at the Astoria Hotel, designed by Fyodor Lidval. At the same time, it was forbidden to fire at it from long-range guns and bomb from the air. Fortunately, the banquet did not take place.

Fedor Lidval was born in St. Petersburg on May 20, 1870. In 1882 he graduated from elementary school at the Swedish Church of St. Catherine, and then the Second Petersburg Real School in 1888. For two years he studied at the School of Technical Drawing of Baron Stieglitz. In 1890 he became a student of the Academy of Arts, where from 1894 to 1896 he studied in the workshop of the outstanding architect Leonty Nikolaevich Benois. He graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1896 with the title: artist-architect.

Since 1909 - academician of architecture, member of the Imperial Academy of Arts.

From 1918 he lived and worked in Sweden. Built a number of buildings in Stockholm. He died in 1945 and was buried in Stockholm at the Yursholm Cemetery.

Lidval's buildings in our city are examples of style, taste, St. Petersburg sophistication, noble wealth and prestige.

Petersburg buildings of Fyodor Lidval

1. Profitable house of Ida-Amalia Lidval. The customer of the house is the mother of the architect. Fyodor Lidval lived in this house and his architectural workshop was located here until 1918. ( Kamennoostrovsky prospect, 1-3 - Malaya Posadskaya street, 5). Years of construction: 1899-1904.

2. Production facilities of the KK Ekval iron foundry. (. Expansion of facilities in 1899 and 1906.

3. Profitable house of A.I. Winter. (Congress line, 9 - Kuban lane, 1). Rebuilding in 1900.

4. The mansion of K.K.Ekval. (Krasnogvardeisky lane, 15). Year of construction 1901. Together with S.V. Belyaev.

5. Profitable house Sh.D. de Ritz-a-Porta. (Malaya Posadskaya street, 17). Year of construction 1902.

6. The building of the Merchant Hotel M.A. Alexandrova. (Apraksin lane, 6). Years of construction: 1902-1903.

7. Profitable house Sh.D. de Ritz-a-Porta.(Malaya Posadskaya street, 19). Year of construction 1904.

8. Profitable building of the Swedish Church of St. Catherine and Catherine's Hall. (Malaya Konyushennaya, 3). Years of construction: 1904-1905. The right side of the house is based on a completely rebuilt house of 1862, designed by architect K.K. Anderson .

9. Profitable house of N.A. Meltzer. (Bolshaya Konyushennaya street, 19 - Volynsky lane, 8). Years of construction: 1904-1905.

10. Y.P.Kollan's profitable house. (Bolshoi Prospekt V.O., 92). Years of construction: 1904-1905.

11. Profitable house O.I. Liebikh. (Mokhovaya street, 14). Years of construction: 1905-1906.

12. Profitable house of A.F. Zimmerman. (Kamennoostrovsky prospect, 61 - Chapygina street, 2). Years of construction: 1906-1907 and 1913. With the participation of A.F. Niedermeier.

13. The building of the Second Mutual Credit Society. (Sadova faces, 34). Years of construction: 1907-1909. With the participation of A.A. Olya. Sculptor A.L. Kozelsky.

14. The building of the hotel "European". (Mikhailovskaya street, 1 - Italian street, 7). Internal reconstruction, interior decoration. Years of work: 1908-1910.

15. Income house. A.K. Lemmerich. (Malaya Posadskaya street, 15). Years of construction: 1908-1910.

16. The building of the Azov-Don Bank. (Bolshaya Morskaya street, 3-5). Years of construction: 1908-1909 and 1912-1913. Sculptor V.V. Kuznetsov.

17. The building of the Oil Production Association "Nobel Brothers". (Embankment of the Griboyedov Canal, 6 – Italian st. 2). Perestroika in 1909.

18. Mansion of E. Nobel. (Forest Avenue, 21). Year of construction 1910.

19. Profitable house of E. Nobel. (Lesnoy prospect, 20, building 8). Years of construction: 1910-1911.

20. Profitable house of M.P. Tolstoy. (Embankment of the Fontanka River, 54 - Rubinstein Street, 15-17). Years of construction: 1910-1912. With the participation of D.D. Smirnov.

21. The building of the hotel "Astoria". (Bolshaya Morskaya street, 39 - Voznesensky prospect, 12). Years of construction: 1911-1912.

22. Foundry workshop of the factory "Ludwig Nobel". (Fokina Street, 4, right side). Years of construction: 1912-1913.

23. Outbuilding of the town of E. Nobel. (Lesnoy Prospekt, 20, building 7). Years of construction: 1912-1913.

24. Profitable house of S.L. Lipavsky. (Bolshoi Prospekt P.S., 39 - Gatchinskaya Street, 4). Years of construction: 1912-1913. Together with D.D. Smirnov

25. Residential buildings of the joint-stock company "New Petersburg". (Zheleznovodskaya street 19, 34 - Kima Avenue, 7.5 - Dekabristov lane 14, 12). Years of construction: 1912-1914.

26. The building at the Ludwig Nobel factory. (Bolshoi Sampsonievsky prospect, 27). Year of construction 1913.

27. The building of the joint-stock company "Pekar". (11th Krasnoarmeyskaya street, 18-20). Year of construction 1913. Now the building has been rebuilt.

28. The building of the school at the Nikolaev charity home for the elderly and the crippled citizens. (Tambovskaya street, 80). Year of construction 1913.

29. Reinforced concrete vault in the main hall of the Exchange. (Exchange Square, 4). Years of construction: 1913-1914. Together with M.M. Peretyatkovich.

30. Profitable house of G.F. Eilers. (X-ray street, 4). Years of construction: 1913-1914. Builder K. G. Eilers.

31. Mansion of V.N.Soloviev. (X-ray street, 9). Extension, extension from the yard. Year of construction 1914.

32. Profitable house of the Azov-Don Bank. (Grotto Street, 5 - Professor Popov Street, 41). Years of construction: 1914-1915.

33. The building of the Russian Foreign Trade Bank. (Bolshaya Morskaya street, 18 - Brick lane, 5-7 - embankment of the Moika River, 63). Years of construction: 1915-1916. Together with L.N. Benois. Due to the war it was not completed. Completed in 1929-1930 according to a modified project.

Several banking buildings were built according to the designs of Lidval in Moscow, Astrakhan, Kyiv and Kharkov, the best of which, in Kyiv, is the decoration of Khreshchatyk.

In Stockholm, Lidval built a number of buildings and residential complexes.

Literature.

Architects-builders of St. Petersburg-Petrograd at the beginning of the 20th century./ Authors-compilers Isachenko V.G., Kirikov B.M., Fedorov S.G., Ginzburg A.M.. - L., 1982.

Isachenko V.G., Ol G.A. Fedor Lidval.- L.: Lenizdat, 1987.- 97 p.

Kirikov B.M.. Petersburg modern architecture. Mansions and tenement houses. - 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg: Kolo Publishing House, 2008. - 576 p.

Kolotilo M.N. Tolstoy house of the architect Fyodor Ivanovich Lidval: history, modernity and problems / Coursework for the 2nd course / Supervisor A.L. Punin. Faculty of Theory and History of Art of the St. Petersburg State University. Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. I.E. Repina. - St. Petersburg, 1997-1998 academic year. - 45 p., illustration. (manuscript).

Kudashev B.M. Along the Fontannaya River: Eight routes along the embankments of the Fontanka. Guide. - St. Petersburg: North-Western Scientific Methodological Center, 1997. S. 123-124.

Lidval Ingrid. Russian family chronicle / Publication by M.G. Talalai, afterword by B.M. - M.-SPb.: "Phoenix", 1993. S.65-87.

Lisovsky V.G.. Master of St. Petersburg Art Nouveau: pages of F.I. Lidval's creative biography.// Construction and architecture of Leningrad. 1980, no. 1.

[Ol A.A.] F.I. Lidval.- St. Petersburg, Ed. "Partnership of R. Golike and A. Vilborg", 1914.

Modern apartment buildings, Stalinist skyscrapers, communal houses and high-rise buildings of the 1970s are not just residential buildings, but real city symbols. In the heading "" The Village talks about the most famous and unusual houses of the two capitals and their inhabitants. In the new issue, we learned from Petr Lobanov and Dasha Sinyavskaya, the heads of the bar-burger "Bureau", how life works in the profitable house of Ida Lidval on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt. And the architect Ilya Filimonov told why the hypothetical city defenders of the early 20th century would not have allowed the construction of such a scandalous building at that time.

Photos

Dima Tsyrenshchikov

ILYA FILIMONOV

member of the Union of Architects of Russia, organizer and vice-president of the architectural festival "Arteria"

“I LIKE AESTHETICS OF MODERN, but the arguments of its opponents are understandable: they are not satisfied with the inconsistency of the architecture of this direction. If I'm not mistaken, Ivan Fomin (a well-known Russian and Soviet architect, he started with Art Nouveau, but at the beginning of the 20th century he switched to the neoclassical genre. - Approx. ed.) for this inconsistency and scolded modernity. In my opinion, the aesthetics of northern modernity - the aesthetics of granite - are close and pleasant to our city, it makes us related to the Finns.

For its time, Art Nouveau was an advanced trend. In this sense, the Lidval house is a good urban example. He violates the canons to which the inhabitant of the late XIX - early XX century is accustomed. For example, do not stand on the “red line”: there was a misconception that houses should stand clearly along the line, forming a smooth front of the street. In most cases, this was the case, but the Lidval house is one of the exceptions: it seems to go deep into Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, and the building itself is preceded by an open spacious courtyard. To some extent, the Lidval house maintains the image of the Petrograd side as a close suburb of St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century.

Modern teaches us that the city must change and develop. The hypothetical city defenders of the early 20th century would not have allowed the construction of such a building as the Lidval house. City guards would be outraged by the asymmetry, the oddly shaped windows. If you look at the house from the side of the Trinity Bridge, on the top floor you can see some strange balcony at all. Plus the active use of animal and plant ornaments - "obscurantism"! All this went against the established architectural canons. At that time it was an advanced architecture that many did not understand, but over time it became part of history.

Our contemporaries could learn from the architects of the late XIX - early XX century, among other things, the accuracy of handling details and the principles of selecting proportions. Of the current architects working in the Art Nouveau style, first of all it is worth mentioning Mikhail Aleksandrovich Mamoshin and his projects, of the last - the house on Chernyshevsky, 4 (meaning the elite complex " Tauride", commissioned in 2011. - Approx. ed.). Moreover, Mamoshin does not copy modernity: he rethinks and develops it.”

Four-room apartment

150 m2

Six-room apartment

180 m2

Eight-room apartment

203 m2

Petr Lobanov

co-founder of the bars "Bureau"

Dasha Sinyavskaya

bar marketer "Bureau"

PETER: Our family moved into the Lidval house in the early 1990s when I was two years old. Before that, we lived in Avtov, and then we exchanged apartments favorably, settling a four-room communal apartment that was here before us.

The apartment has gone through three renovations. Initially, there was a beautiful white piano - it was inherited from the previous tenants and stood in the bedroom. Thanks to the grand piano, the apartment was reminiscent of the imperial style. At the turn of the 2000s, the parents made repairs with partial redevelopment, and in 2010 - another one. But over time, the apartment was shabby, in addition, it was very dark here - an oppressive atmosphere, like a castle from The Hound of the Baskervilles. Parents left to live outside the city, and Dasha and I stayed here. There were too many rooms for the two of us. In general, a year ago we took Peeb's plan, looked at what walls could be demolished. And they made an open space, thanks to which the apartment became an order of magnitude lighter.

The Lidval house is an architectural monument, but the security restrictions mainly concern the elements of the facade, which, of course, we did not touch during the renovation. Moreover, when changing windows, we left the old deglazing, and the color of the frame is the same as in the whole house: we specially made them wooden, not plastic. As for the internal arrangement, the stove remained in the bedroom - it is working, albeit pre-revolutionary. The stove is well preserved: when repairs were made, chimney sweeps were called - so there is draft, you can heat it. But this is not necessary. But we often heat a fireplace in a large room, especially when guests come - it turns out very cozy. By the way, unlike the stove, there was no fireplace: apparently, it was dismantled in Soviet times, so only the canal remained. His parents found him, cleaned and made a new fireplace.

Another unusual thing: in the apartment - for 150 square meters of area - there are three exits. One, however, behind the closet. In principle, it is not bad to have access to two staircases.

DASHA: This is a common story in the old fund, for example, on Vasilyevsky Island. The fact is that unusual people lived in such houses, with servants. And so that the servants did not go through the main passage, they made another one, black. We live on the first floor, so the third entrance, I suspect, is the janitor's. But it's not known for sure.

The house is very quiet. Noise isolation here due to the court-court d'honneur. Even if we open the windows now, it won't be noisy. The yard seems to absorb sounds.

Ceiling height

3.5 meters

Separate bathroom

kitchen area

23 m2

PETER: During construction, acoustic aspects were considered. And this is what distinguishes the old fund from new buildings: the architects approached the matter wisely. They built not only for the sake of money. The house itself also has excellent sound insulation: we almost stood on our heads here when we were younger - and nothing, none of the neighbors ever came. Probably, the closet must fall in order to hear something in the next apartment.

The form of house management is a homeowners association (HOA). But it is nominal. We do not have meetings and practically do not carry out any work to improve the territory. We could turn on the fountain in the summer, and pave the yard with paving stones instead of asphalt. Yes, a million things could be done, but there is no initiative. Homeowners' associations made it possible to use the no-man's rooms of attics and basements - so they did not leave KUGI (Committee for City Property Management - Ed.) and remained with the residents. There, however, there is nothing special: sometimes someone just stores something.

There is no neighborhood community in the Lidval house. However, there are not so many tenants here: for each front door (there are three of them on the front side) - eight to ten apartments. And all the people are very wealthy, multimillionaires. With statuses: owners of steamboat factories. But at the same time, they do not want to invest anything in common property and thus make their own life better. A bunch of oligarchs who don't care where they live. We are the poorest family here and, it turns out, we want to change something more than anyone else. Another specificity is that neighbors spend a lot of time abroad. Plus, we have a big difference in age, there are no common interests. But in general, everyone here is polite, everyone greets each other.

The building consists of several buildings, part of which faces Malaya Posadskaya Street - but there, unlike the front building, there is nothing remarkable. It can be said that the Lidval house, which everyone knows, is only the front part with the court d'honneur. There are non-residential premises in the left and right wings of our part of the house. On the left is a state kindergarten, I went there as a child. On the right was the office of Rosgosstrakh, but now it has moved out. In each of our three "facial" front doors there are guards, moreover, from the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This is probably such a show off from the gangster 1990s: you are guarded by a real cop.

The advantage of the house is the location. Center, opposite the metro. Plus there is a green area, which is unique for the center. Dasha and I are running around Petropavlovka. There are also high ceilings and general ventilation. It is not modern: they just made ventilation ducts during construction, which give air circulation in the house. And finally, from the pluses - a geyser: we do not depend on summer water cuts. Of the minuses: old communications. During the last repair, a lot of things had to be redone, millions of rubles were spent on it. We even thought about whether to sell the apartment: repairs cost as much as new housing in the north of the city. But now we are glad that we stayed, we love the apartment and we will not move anywhere.

From local legends (this, however, is pure truth): in the 1990s, the well-known crime boss Kostya Mogila lived in the Lidval house on the fifth floor. He was the number one gangster in the city at that time. I remember that time very well. I would come home from school with a huge briefcase on my back, but they wouldn't let me into the yard, because Kostya Mogila and his thousand guards were leaving from there. And when Kostya Mogila left the house, everyone had to sit in their apartments; he descends - and the lights are turned off in the whole front room so that it can be seen whether they are aiming at him. In the early 2000s, Kostya Mogila was still shot, but already in Moscow.

Lidval F.I.

Lidval Fedor Ivanovich

Years of life: 1870 - 1945

Architect

Fyodor Ivanovich Lidval - one of the leading masters of the St. Petersburg Art Nouveau, architect-artist and builder - came from a Swedish-Danish family that settled in the city on the Neva in the middle of the 19th century. and having strong ties with the Scandinavian diaspora. He was born in 1870, studied at the School of Technical Drawing of Baron Stieglitz, then at the Academy of Arts - in the workshop of L. N. Benois, performing ordinary, unremarkable term papers. In 1896, having developed a graduation program (a project for an exhibition building), Lidval completed his education.

For twenty years of continuous creative activity, Lidval built several dozen buildings in St. Petersburg, which left a noticeable mark on the architectural appearance of the city. Brought up on traditional eclecticism, he quickly moved into the forefront of adherents of the new Art Nouveau style. Two periods can be distinguished in his work: 1897-1907 and 1907-1918.

At the first stage, the architect clearly showed himself to be a master of the "northern modern", his searches in these years were close to the aspirations of Scandinavian and Finnish architects. The main theme is an apartment building, the main type of buildings in capitalist Petersburg. Lidval, like his colleagues, sought to create a memorable image, at the same time placing as many apartments in the houses as possible for various segments of the population.

In 1900, he rebuilt a large house facing the Kadetskaya line, Kuban and Tuchkov lanes. The bay window and the dome emphasized the responsible position of the house. In 1901, together with S. V. Belyaev, Lidval built a wooden mansion of K. K. Ekval on the territory of his own factory (Krasnogvardeisky per., 15) - a rare monument of this kind in the Art Nouveau style. In 1903, Lidval built a hotel building at 6, Apraksin Lane, in the shopping center of the capital. Shops were located on the lower floors of this austere, business building.

The first largest program work of Lidval was the profitable house of his mother, I. B. Lidval (Kamennoostrovsky pr., 1-3, - M. Posadskaya st., 5; 1899-1904). The Lidval House is an example of a complex urban planning and artistic solution for a large plot of trapezoidal configuration.

Lidval's first major building immediately made him famous, this house was a prime example of the forms of the "northern modern", demonstrated with generous ingenuity.

In 1902, 1904 and 1908-1910. in the neighborhood, Lidval built houses on Malaya Posadskaya Street, 15, 17 and 19, which formed a large residential complex.

In 1908-1910. one of the most interesting houses in terms of urban planning was built in the Lidvalevsky, if you can call it that, style - in a completely different landscape environment. This is a house at 14 Primorsky Prospekt, which is unusually spectacularly towering on the low bank of the Nevka, just opposite the Rossi pavilion.

Actively working on the Petersburg side, Lidval showed himself no less brightly in the development of the city center. On Bolshaya and Malaya Konyushenny streets, he erected simultaneously in 1904-1905. two buildings, each of which is a program in his work and a milestone in the development of St. Petersburg Art Nouveau. The House of the Swedish Church (M. Konyushennaya UL., 3) clearly demonstrates the author's desire to combine modern motifs with the classical technique of the overall composition. In the courtyard part there was a concert hall that became very popular, which V. Mayakovsky loved.

An example of "northern modernism" is house ¦ 19 on Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street. There was no house of the Guards Economic Society (DLT) yet, and the Lidval building proudly towered in space, and even today it is an important accent.

In the same years, he created another outstanding building, the figurative characteristics of which are distinguished by greater restraint, even severity. The four-storey house of the Vyborg citizen Kollan (V. O. Bolshoy pr., 92) is one of the first-class monuments of the "northern modern", without extremes and grotesque, which often discredited this direction.

The five-storey Liebig house (14 Mokhovaya Street) also belongs to the same period, harmoniously inscribed in a different spatial environment, with a rather neutral composition devoid of strong accents and a uniform rhythm of windows.

The creativity of Lidval at the first stage of his activity impresses with the diversity of artistic images, united, despite the variety of forms and techniques, with special poetry, romantic excitement.

Having received wide recognition, Lidval expanded the field of activity. In a difficult situation of struggle between various artistic movements and groups, the architect found application for his talent, turning, like many of his contemporaries, to the classics. Striking examples of the architect's appeal to the classics were the buildings of the Second Mutual Credit Society (Sadovaya st., 34; 1907-1908) and the Azov-Don Commercial Bank (B. Morskaya st., 3-5; 1908-1909, 1912).

These monumental, ceremonial, respectable-looking houses are the monuments of the new St. Petersburg, which caused a wide resonance and influenced the architecture of such institutions. In both buildings - strict St. Petersburg symmetry, accentuation of the center, interpretation of the first floor as a powerful foundation, a certain static.

In 1915-1916. Lidval, together with his teacher L. N. Benua, began the construction of the Russian Bank for Foreign Trade (B. Morskaya st., 18, - embankment of the Moika River, 63), however, due to the war, the building remained unfinished and was completed already in 1920- x years. for the modified project. Several excellent banking buildings were built according to the designs of Lidval in Moscow, Astrakhan, Kyiv and Kharkov, the best of which, in Kyiv, is the decoration of Khreshchatyk.

Lidval also showed itself in hotel construction. These are the internal reconstruction, decoration and superstructure of the Evropeyskaya Hotel on Mikhailovskaya Street (1908-1910) and the design and construction of the Astoria Hotel in the ensemble of St. Isaac's Square (1911-1912). Until now, the assessment of this building is ambiguous.

However, neither banks nor hotels could distract the architect from his main theme - a residential building, and here again he showed great flexibility of creative thinking. Houses built in the 1910s have new qualities that are associated with the requirements of the time.

Apartments of varying degrees of comfort and size, different outlines in the plan testify to the sensitive attitude of the architect to changing requirements. And this house influenced Lidval's contemporaries (the house at 41 Lenina Street, built by A. L. Lishnevsky, and others).

The house of the Swedish industrialist Nobel on Lesnoy Prospekt is one of a number of residential and industrial buildings built for him by Lidval. Among them, a thoroughly rebuilt house (Emb. Can. Griboedova, 6; 1909),

a mansion for him opposite the apartment building in question (Lesnoy 21), rebuilt by Lidval in 1910, possibly a country house in Sergiev (not preserved) and industrial buildings on the Vyborg side. The house at 20 Lesnoy Prospekt is also one of the architect's program works.

In 1913-1914. Together with the architect D. D. Smirnov, Lidval built an excellent residential building (P. S., Bolshoy pr., 39; by the way, Smirnov actively participated in the construction of Tolstoy's house), and together with M. M. Peretyatkovich created a reinforced concrete vault in the main hall of the Stock Exchange.

The buildings of Lidval and the masters of his circle to a large extent determined the originality and high level of St. Petersburg architecture of the 1900-1910s.

At the end of 1918, he left for the homeland of his ancestors - to Stockholm, where he lived the last, long, but much less productive period of his life. This is understandable - after all, Lidval was connected with the culture of St. Petersburg and Russia with all his roots, he continued to consider himself a Russian architect, and the years of work in St. Petersburg were the happiest years of his life.