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Little Heroes of Mark Twain. Composition on the topic: “Mark Twain and his favorite characters Tom sawyer looked like what he played

Twelve-year-old boys, residents of a small provincial American town of St. Petersburg, comrades in games and fun, which every now and then gives birth to their irrepressible imagination. Tom Sawyer is an orphan. He is raised by his late mother's sister, the pious Aunt Polly. The boy is completely uninterested in the life that flows around, but he is forced to follow the generally accepted rules: go to school, attend church services on Sundays, dress neatly, behave well at the table, go to bed early - although he breaks them every now and then, causing the indignation of his aunt .

Enterprise and resourcefulness Tom does not hold. Well, who else, having received the task of whitewashing a long fence as a punishment, could turn things around so that other boys would paint the fence, and besides, paying for the right to take part in such an exciting event with “treasures”: some with a dead rat, and some with a fragment of a tooth buzzer. Yes, and not everyone will be able to receive the Bible as a reward for the excellent title of its content, in fact, without knowing a single line. But Tom did! To play a trick, to fool, to come up with something unusual - this is Tom's element. Reading a lot, he strives to make his own life as bright as the one in which the heroes of the novels act. He embarks on "love adventures", arranges games of Indians, pirates, robbers. Tom gets into whatever situations thanks to his bubbling energy: either at night in the cemetery he becomes a witness to a murder, or he is present at his own funeral.

Sometimes Tom is capable of almost heroic deeds in life. For example, when he takes the blame for Becky Thatcher - a girl who is awkwardly trying to woo - and endures a teacher's spanking. He is a charming fellow, this Tom Sawyer, but he is a child of his time, of his city, used to leading a double life. When necessary, he is quite capable of taking on the image of a boy from a decent family, realizing that everyone does this.

The situation is quite different with Tom's closest friend, Huck Finn.

He is the son of a local drunk who does not care about the child. No one forces Huck to go to school. He is completely on his own. The boy is alien to pretense, and all the conventions of civilized life are simply unbearable. For Huck, the main thing is to be free, always and in everything. “He didn’t have to wash or put on a clean dress, and he knew how to swear amazingly. In a word, he had everything that makes life beautiful, ”the writer concludes. Huck is undeniably attracted to the entertaining games invented by Tom, but personal freedom and independence are most precious to Huck. Having lost them, he feels out of place, and it is precisely in order to regain them that Huck in the second novel is already undertaking a dangerous journey alone, leaving his hometown forever.

In gratitude for saving Injun Joe from revenge, the widow Douglas took Huck to be raised. The widow's servants washed him, combed his hair with a comb and brush, laid him down every night on disgustingly clean sheets. He had to eat with a knife and fork and attend church. The unfortunate Huck survived only three weeks and disappeared. They were looking for him, but without Tom's help they would hardly have been able to find him. Tom manages to outwit the ingenuous Huck and return him to the widow for a while. Then Huck mystifies his own death. He himself sits in a shuttle and goes with the flow.

During the trip, Huck also experiences many adventures, shows resourcefulness and ingenuity, but not out of boredom and a desire to have fun, as before, but out of vital necessity, primarily for the sake of saving the runaway Negro Jim. It is the ability of Huck to think about others that makes him especially attractive. Perhaps that is why Mark Twain himself saw him as a hero of the 20th century, when, from the point of view of the writer, there would no longer be racial prejudices, poverty and injustice.

While working on "Tom Sawyer", Twain himself did not know well whether he was writing for adults or for children. Having put his cherished thoughts and aspirations into this perky, mocking, cheerful book, the writer was inclined to think that "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" "will be read only by adults" . However, enthusiastic letters from young readers, as well as responses from recognized luminaries of children's literature, convinced Twain that he, unexpectedly for himself, became the author of a children's book. This point of view found support among many representatives of contemporary American literature and criticism of Twain. Thus, W. D. Howells wrote to Twain: “A week ago I finished reading Tom Sawyer. I didn’t get up until I reached the end of the manuscript - I just couldn’t tear myself away. "read. The book will be an immense success. But you must absolutely treat it as a book for boys. If so, adults will enjoy it equally, and if you go on to study the character of a boy from the point of view of an adult - that would be wrong."

Mark Twain considered his first self-written novel to be the poetry of childhood. "It's just a hymn, arranged in prose in order to give it a verbal shell," he said.

John Galsworthy admitted: "Truly, of all the books I have ever read, the most pure pleasure I received from the charming epic of youth - "Tom Sawyer" and "Huckleberry Finn". They enlivened my childhood and continue to bring joy into adulthood - to this day."

It is appropriate here to recall the idea of V. G. Belinsky that a children's book is a literary work written "for everyone". Approximately the same way Mark Twain solved the problem of the specifics of children's literature.

“I believe,” Mark Twain argued, “that the correct method of writing a work for boys is to write in such a way that it is interesting not only for boys, but extremely interesting for anyone who has ever been a boy. This greatly expands the audience.”

With captivating artlessness, telling about the life, adventures and experiences of boys, remaining truthful and simple in revealing child psychology, Mark Twain creates a realistic picture of the reality that surrounds his little heroes.

The poetry of the purity of children's feelings and boyish disobedience has a social meaning for him. In the world he described, only in childhood and adolescence does a person retain the integrity and purity of the soul, the freshness and immediacy of feelings, which grow dim and disfigured in adults.

"Tom Sawyer" is not an autobiographical book, but it contains a lot of direct childhood impressions, real facts of the author's own biography, which give the story a charming charm. However, this material is subjected in the mind of the artist to a kind of selection and restructuring, dictated by a loving-elegiac attitude to the past.

In the preface to the story about Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain writes: "Most of the adventures described in this book happened in reality: two or three adventures with me, the rest with my schoolmates. Huck Finn actually existed. Tom Sawyer too. But not as a separate person: it combined the features of three of my familiar boys ". It was later established that they were the author himself, his school friend Will Bowen and a boy from Shawneetown. This lively, cheerful twelve-year-old boy told Twain about his school tricks; His name was Thomas Sawyer Spivey. Many years later, Spivey met Twain in New York. Spivey was a farmer, tried to write novels. He died in 1938. Each of the other characters also had a certain prototype.

Mark Twain lived for 13 years in the small cozy town of Hannibal on the west bank of the Mississippi. Later he will transfer this city to the pages of his stories under the name of St. Petersburg. For Twain, Hannibal became the source of those life experiences that later played such a huge role in his creative life. Here he spent his childhood, here, together with his peers, he spent time in games and pranks, swam in the Mississippi, deceived Sunday school teachers, wandered in caves located near the city. Here, in the crowd of barefoot boys who flooded the narrow streets of Hannibal, he first met the prototypes of his future heroes. Twain's friendship with the little tramp Tom Blenkeship, later immortalized by him under the name of Huckleberry Finn, became one of the most vivid memories of his life. The prototype of Huck's father was a simple Hannibal city dweller. There was also an Indian Joe in Hannibal, and one day he almost died of hunger, getting lost in one of the caves. “In a book called Tom Sawyer,” writes Mark Twain in Autobiography, “I starved him to death in a cave, but for the sole interest of art—it didn’t really happen.” The prototype of Becky Thatcher was the girl Laura Hawkins. She lived just across from Twain's house. It was here in front of her window that little Twain tried his hand at simple acrobatics in order to attract the attention of Laura, just like Tom Sawyer did. The prototype of Judge Thatcher was Laura's father. Tom's younger brother, quiet and sneaky, Sid is Henry, Twain's younger brother, who died in the explosion of the Pennsylvania steamer; cousin Mary - Twain's sister Pamela; Aunt Polly - the writer's mother; Negro Jim is written off from "Uncle Dan" - a slave on the plantations of John Quarles - the writer's uncle.

Twain's memories of childhood are surrounded by a poetic halo, and he repeatedly refers to them in his works. To see what impressions are made of the pictures drawn in the book, one should turn to the pages of Twain's Autobiography, written in the same vein as the book about Tom Sawyer:

"I can recall the solemn twilight and the mystery of the depths of the forest, the smells of the earth, the light fragrance of forest flowers, the brilliance of rain-washed leaves, the fraction of falling raindrops ...".

"I know what a wild blackberry looks like and what it tastes like, I know what a good watermelon looks like when it warms a fat round belly in the sun ...".

"I see a large hearth, on winter evenings, to the top full of flaming nut logs, at the ends of which sweet juice bubbles ... a lazy cat stretched out on uneven stones of the hearth..."

It is Twain who recalls his uncle's farm, where he visited a lot in his childhood.

In the autobiographical memoirs cited, Twain says that such a life was "a paradise for boys."

But the bright, cheerful impressions of Hannibal's life were inseparable from the terrible and tragic ones. Echoes of the violent, noisy life of the West often invaded the peaceful existence of Hannibal. Once Mark Twain witnessed a murder that took place in broad daylight on one of the main streets of the city. Twain subsequently captured this picture on the pages of his story The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Many of the painful impressions of Twain's childhood are connected with the slavery that existed in Hannibal. He grew up surrounded by Negro slaves, in close association with them, and to many of them he had a friendly affection.

And yet, the future writer repeatedly happened to witness the brutal reprisals against Negro slaves. He saw how six men beat an exhausted, exhausted fugitive, how a slave owner killed a Negro belonging to him for an insignificant offense.

The older brother of his friend Tom Blankenship, Ben, hid the runaway Negro in the reeds for two weeks, slowly delivering food to him. When the Negro was tracked down, he helped him escape. Subsequently, Mark Twain captured this childhood memory on the pages of the story about Huck Finn.

The hatred that Mark Twain had throughout his life for all manifestations of racial discrimination undoubtedly first arose in his soul in connection with early childhood impressions.

Tom Sawyer does not have a specific narrator. But he, an adult, the writer Mark Twain, is invisibly present in the story, and this "presence effect" is the source of both a special barely audible nostalgic note of the story and its lyrical humor. The events taking place in the book are illuminated by the author's smile, contemplating the "lost paradise" of his childhood from the depths of time. It is this view from afar, from another era of both the world and his own life, that allows Twain to see much that has not been seen before, and to find the cause of the conflict of generations not only in the peculiarities of their age, but also in the conditions of life in America past and present. The correlation of these two time dimensions is established here by the very idea of the story, which is based on the facts of the author's biography.

Finishing the story of Tom Sawyer, Twain writes: "Most of the heroes of this book are healthy to this day; they are prosperous and happy." Laura Hawkins lived to a ripe old age. In 1902, along with another Mark Twain schoolmate, John Briggs (Joe Harper in the novel), she greeted Mark Twain when he came to Hannibal to receive his degree from the University of Missouri. They were photographed together, and Mark Twain wrote a touching note on the bottom of the card: "Tom Sawyer and Becky Thatcher."

A long and happy journey for these literary heroes, favorites of readers around the world.

The purpose of the lesson: develop interest in the work of Mark Twain, in the study of literature and English

language, to form the skill of working in a group.

Decor: drawings of children; exhibition of the writer's books; portrait of Mark Twain; posters with the words:

Literature serves as a guide to other epochs and to other peoples, opens the hearts of people before you - in a word, makes you wise.

D. S. Likhachev.

All American literature came from one book by Mark Twain, from his Huckleberry Finn.

E. Hemingway.

During the classes

1. Dramatization

Country music sounds. (Huck appears in rags and a torn hat, with a cat (a soft toy in his hands). Tom comes out to meet him.)

Tom: Hey Huckleberry! Hello!

Huck (solidly, with dignity): Hello you too, if you want ...

Tom: What do you have? (He touches the cat.)

Huck: Dead cat.

Tom: Let me see, Huck! .. (Feeling the cat). Look, you're completely numb. Where did you get it?

Huck: Bought from a boy.

Tom: What did you give?

Huck: a blue ticket and a bull bubble... I got the bubble at the slaughterhouse.

Tom: Where did you get the blue ticket?

Huck: Bought from Ben Rogers two weeks ago. Gave him a stick for a hoop.

(Huck sits down on the floor, holding the cat on his knees.)

Tom: Listen, Huck, dead cats - what are they for?

Huck: Like what? And remove warts.

Tom: Is it? Well, but how to bring them dead cats?

(Tom sits down next to Huck.)

Huck: Here's how. Take the cat and go with it to the cemetery shortly before midnight to a fresh grave where some bad person is buried, and at midnight the devil will appear, or maybe two or three; but you won't see them, you'll only hear the noise of the wind, or maybe you'll hear their conversation. And when they drag the dead man, you throw a cat after them and say: "Damn after the dead man, cat after the devil, warts after the cat - this is the end of it, all three are down with me."

(Takes a pipe out of his pocket and busily “lights it up”).

Tom: Looks like it. Have you ever tried it yourself, Huck?

Huck: No, but old Hopkins told me...

Tom: Well, that's right: they say she's a witch. (Tom also takes out the phone. He pats Huck on the shoulder.) Listen, Huck, when are you going to try the cat?

Huck: Tonight. I think so, the devils will surely come this night for the old sinner Williams ...

Tom: Why, he was buried on Saturday. They, I suppose, dragged him off on a Saturday night?

Huck: Nonsense! Until midnight they could not drag him away, and at midnight it was Sunday. On Sunday, devils don't roam the earth much.

Tom: Right, right. I didn't even think. Will you take me with you?!

Huck: Of course, if you're not afraid.

Tom (jumps up indignantly): I'm afraid! Well, here's more!

(Huck gets up too. Music plays. Boys leave dancing.)

2. The word of the teacher of literature

“Even the most serious, most businesslike American, when he talks about these world-famous boys, begins to smile, and his eyes become kinder,” wrote Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov, having visited the USA in the 30s of the XX century. This, of course, you guessed it, is about Tom Sawyer and his bosom friend Huck Finn, whose adventures the American reader first met in December 1876.

And this wonderful book was written by the famous writer Mark Twain. Here are the memories left about him by the eldest daughter: “He has very beautiful gray hair, not too thick and not too long, but just right; Roman nose, from which his face seems even more beautiful, kind blue eyes and a magnificent mustache.

3. Students report about the writer in English and Russian

My dear friends!

Teacher: Our lesson is devoted to Mark Twain, a famous American writer. Some of his books are very popular with the children in our country, in other countries of the world and in America, of course. What books are these? Do you know (shows books)? Yes, you are right! Here are “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, “The Prince and the Pauper”, “Life on the Mississippi”. These books are great favorites not only with the boys and girls all over the world but also with grownup readers.

Listen please some words about Mark Twain`s life.

In these books Mark Twain shows the joys and sorrows of children with such deep understanding and sympathy that readers always see themselves in the characters. As Mark Twain said later, many events in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” really happened, and the characters were from real life.

There is also a b satirical element and humor in these books.

Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Clemens, was born in 1835 in the small town of Hannibal on the Mississippi River. He was the son of a lawyer.

Little Samuel spent his childhood in his native town. He was a bright, lively boy. He went fishing and swimming to the river and he was the leader in all the boy's games.

Samuel had a lot of friends at school. And when he became a writer he described them in his stories.

When Samuel was eleven years old, his father died, leaving his wife and four children with nothing. And the boy had to leave school and look for work. He learned the profession of a printer. For some years Samuel worked as a printer for the town newspaper and later for his elder brother, who at that time started a small newspaper of his own. The two young men published it themselves. Samuel wrote short humorous stories and printed them in their newspaper.

When Samuel was a boy, he dreamed of becoming a sailor. At the age of 20 he found a job on a ship traveling up and down the Mississippi.

Here on a ship he “found” his pen-name “Mark Twain”. It was taken from the call of the Mississippi pilots when they measured the depth of the river.

Many steamboats moved up and down the river carrying all kinds of people - rich and poor , farmers and businessmen , slave owners and slaves. Thus, Samuel Clemens saw America passing before his eyes. This work gave him the opportunity to get to know a great deal about life. He worked as a pilot for more than four years.

Later he used to speak about this time as the happiest period of his life and described it in his book “Life on the Mississippi’’

Then the young man worked with the goldminers in California for a year. Here he began to write stories about camp life and sent them to newspapers under the name of Mark Twain.

The many professions that he tried gave Mark Twain a knowledge of life and people and him to find his true calling – that American satirical and critical literature began with Mark Twain.

In 1876 he published “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and eight years later “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”. Children and grownups all over the world now know these two novels.

Writing did not bring much money to Mark Twain, so he had to give lectures on literature and read his stories to the public. He visited many countries and lived in England for a long time. In 1907 Oxford University gave Mark Twain an honorary doctorate of letters.

We advise you to read Mark Twain's books.

The teacher himself will determine the number of presenters who will talk about the life and work of Mark Twain. In all the scenes below, the main character is Tom Sawyer. This role can also be filled by multiple students.

Sam Clemens was born in 1835. His parents were poor people. When his father died, the little son had to leave school and family to look for work. Life forced the boy to go to the people. He first learned the typographic trade and became an itinerant typesetter. He wandered around the country, worked in the printing houses of large cities. However, something else attracted Sam Clemens. In his audacious dreams, the boy from Hannibal saw himself at the helm, driving large twin-tube steamboats through the rapids and rifts of the Mississippi. Sam Clemens entered the “puppies” (that was the name of the pilot students) to one of the most famous pilots on the river. “Having learned the Mississippi by heart, the young man became a brave driver of steamboats.”

But Clemens could not stay long in one place. He wanted to see everything and know everything. In a few years we will meet him on the outskirts of the country, in California, among the gold diggers. It was a harsh life, full of surprises and vivid impressions.

Here came a great upheaval in the fate of Sam: he became a writer. Sitting by the fires after a hard day's work, the gold diggers loved to tell funny and perky stories. Clemens decided to record one of these stories and publish it in a local newspaper. It was a story about Jim Smiley and his trained frog. Under the pen of Clemens, a simple story turned into a small miracle of fun and wit. It became clear that the young gold digger was gifted with great writing talent. He was invited to contribute to the newspaper. Then his new name was born - Mark Twain. Few of those who read the essays and stories of the new writer knew that “mark twain” was an old expression of navigators brought by Clemens from the Mississippi. "Mark Twain!" - (measurement two) the sailor shouts, pulling a lot out of the water and making sure that the depth of the river is sufficient for the passage of ships.

Teacher: Of course, not everyone knows English. But the language of theater is an international language.

Look at the scenes prepared by our classmates. Try to remember what events the guys are talking about in English.

4. Dramatization of the scene "Tom and Aunt Polly" (in English)

I hope that you have carefully read the work and made sure that Tom did not represent life

no trials, no adventures. Are you ready for the test?

Listen please to my children. They are today the heroes from the books by Mark Twain.

Scenes from the book “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”

Scene 1

Aunt Polly: Tom! Tom! Where is that boy? Where are you, Tom?

Aunt Polly: Oh, you've been in that closet. What were you doing there?

Aunt Polly: Nothing! look at your hands. (Tom looks at his hands.) What is that?

Tom: I don't know, Aunt.

Aunt Polly: Well, I know. It's jam, that's what it is. (Pointing to a switch on the floor) Hand me that switch!

Tom: Oh, look behind you, Aunt! Aunt Polly looks behind her. Tom runs away. Aunt stands surprised, then she breaks into a laugh and goes away.

Teacher: Tom liked the adventures very much but he didn't like to go to school. We have a little story about Tom and about school for you.

Scene I I

Tom and Sid are in their beds. It is morning and time to get up. Tom doesn't want to go to school. He wants to be ill. Then he could stay at home.

Tom: Oh, Sid, Sid!

Sid: What's the matter, Tom?

Tom: Oh, Sid! I am dying. I forgive you everything, Sid. When I am dead… (Groans.)

Sid: Oh, Tom, you are not dying! Don't!

Tom: I am not angry with Aunt Polly. Tell her so. And, Sid, give my cat with one eye to the new girl at school and tell her…

Sid runs away. A minute later Sid and Aunt Polly came in.

Sid: Oh, Aunt Polly, Tom is dying.

Aunt Polly: Dying?

Aunt Polly: Tom, what has happened to you, my boy?

Tom: Oh, Auntie, look at my right hand! It is red and hot.

Aunt Polly: Oh, Tom, stop that nonsense and get up!

Tom stops growing. He feels a little foolish.

Tom: Oh, Auntie, it's so hot that I've forgotten about my tooth.

Aunt Polly: Your tooth! And what has happened to your tooth?

Tom: It's loose and aches terribly.

Aunt Polly: Open your mouth. Well, you are right. Your tooth is loose. Sid, bring me some thread.

Tom: Oh, please, Auntie, don't pull it out. It's all right now.

Sid brings the thread. Aunt Polly ties one end of the thread to Tom's tooth and the other to the bed. Then she suddenly claps her hands before Tom's face. Tom falls back. The tooth hands on the thread.

Tom: Oh! oh!( He covers his mouth with his hands.) Oh! My tooth was all right. But I didn't want to go to school.

Aunt Polly: Oh, Tom, so all this is because you don't want to go to school! You want to go fishing. Tom, Tom, I love you so dearly, and you… Now get up quickly and get ready to go to school!

6. The word of the teacher of literature

Mark Twain was an inexhaustible inventor, a master of practical jokes, he believed that "nothing can stand against laughter."

Watch a dramatization of the episode "Mark Twain and His Friend on the Train." Scene in English.

Mark Twain, as everybody knows, was a famous American writer. He wrote many stories, which are still popular in many countries today. Mark Twain was also famous in his days as a speaker. In his speeches Mark Twain always liked to tell funny stories and to play jokes on his friends.

Scene III

“A Journey with Mark Twain”

Mark Twain and his friend are buying tickets

Mark Twain"s friend:" Mark, I have lost my money Pay please my train fare for me."

Mark Twain:" But I haven"t enough money to pay both your fare and mine."

Mark Twain's friend: That's too bad. What shall I do then?"

Mark Twain: "I"ll tell you what we can do. We can get on the train and when the conductor asks the passengers for the tickets, you can get under my seat."

(Scene in the train. The conductor comes to ask for the tickets.Mark Twain gives him two tickets-one for himself and one for his friend.)

Conductor: "Your tickets, please."

Mark Twain:" My friend is a very strange man. When he travels on a train, he doesn't like to sit on the seat. He prefers to lie on the floor under the seat."

If the guys do not understand, you can translate. At the train station, a friend discovered that he had forgotten the money. In confusion, he turned to Mark Twain: “What to do?”. The writer replied that he only had enough money for one ticket. Then he invited a friend to hide under the seat. A friend did just that. When the conductor entered, Mark Twain handed him two tickets, and pointing under the seat, he explained: “My strange friend: he does not like to travel while sitting on a bench, but prefers to lie under it.”

5. Quiz

At the end of the skit, the children are offered a quiz “Mark Twain and his characters” (“Mark Twain and his characters”).

Type I "Cat in a bag"

From a pre-prepared bag, one of the students takes out cards with questions for each group. The cards should be of two types: one for the English learners and one for the rest of the class. English language learners are encouraged to answer questions in English.

Sample list of questions in English

1.What is the real name by Mark Twain?

2.When and where did Mark Twain live?

3.What professions did he know?

4.What is his best novel?

5.What did Tom Sawyer like to eat?

a) milk
b) jam
c) honey

6. Tom didn't like to go ...

a) to the river
b) to the school
c) to the church

7.What present did Tom Sawyer become for the whitewashing of the fence?

a) dead dog
b) dead cat
c) good dinner

8.Who was Tom Sawyer's best friend?

The correct answers of students are evaluated by verbal praise.

Sample list of questions in Russian

1. What happened to the apple and the gingerbread while painting the fence? ( Aunt Polly gave Tom an apple

and he stole the gingerbread from the pantry.)

2. What illness did Tom invent to avoid going to school?( He said he had gangrene on his finger.)

3. Why did Tom and Huck go to the cemetery at night? ( Remove warts by taking a dead cat.)

4. Who was Tom's favorite character? ( Robin Hood).

5. What would Tom and his friend choose to be in the presidency, what would they like to be? ( Rogues from Sherwood Forest.)

6. Why did Tom tie a handkerchief as if he had a toothache? ( In order not to let it slip in a dream, when I was delirious because of the story of the murder in the cemetery.)

7. Why was Aunt Polly looking for a piece of bark in Tom's pocket? ( She was looking for a note to make sure the boy thought of her on the island..)

8. Why Tom joined the Society of Friends of Sobriety. ( Tom was attracted by a shiny uniform with a red scarf.)

9. How did Tom make peace with Becky?( Tom took the blame for the girl when she tore the teacher's book.)

II round

The tasks of this round are given immediately for four groups and are carried out simultaneously.

Tasks for children studying English.

1. Students are offered groups of adjectives, nouns, verbs, from which they must make a description of Tom Sawyer as a literary character.

For example: gay, cheerful, merry, jolly, kind, helpful, hero, friend, bravemen, adventures, adventureslover, find, like, love, considerate, think.

2. Students compose a letter-message to future readers, future adventurers in English. Students with a good level of preparation can complete this task on their own. Less prepared students can be offered a pre-prepared letter, cut into its component parts. They must connect the cut parts in the right order.

7. Group work

Independent generalization - a conclusion about the hero of the work - compiling a syncwine.

Tasks for children who do not study English. Here are some options.

Tom Sawyer, who loves adventure and seeks them everywhere, fights, saves, creates, he is the eternal disturber of the peace of adults.

Tom Sawyer, in love, noble, courageous seeks, cunning, invents, he has a warm heart, a subtle soul, he is a gentleman.

Task for the second group: write a letter to a fifth grader with a request to read the works of M. Twain. The letter is the result of the work of the group.

Letter to younger brother

My little friend! Have you read Mark Twain's wonderful book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer yet? I envy you! You just have to enjoy laughing along with mischievous Tom Sawyer. You will only still be eyes widened with delight, dig into the lines of description of the pranks of the cheerful eccentric Tom. All this is ahead. It is only important not to miss a minute and read this wonderful book on time.

A timely read book by Mark Twain can decide your fate, determine your lofty goals.

It is unfair to believe that the entire responsibility for your education, for what you will be, lies on the shoulders of the teacher who taught you. Like every member of the crew on the ship, and every student in the school depends on the appearance of the school. The more inquisitive, well-read children there are in the classes, the more lively and interesting all circles work, the easier it is for the teacher to discover something new for the children, and not waste time pulling up those who are lagging behind and repeating what has been passed.

I tell you this, your elder sister. Listen to me, Seryozha, and read as many Mark Twain books as possible.

After completing the task, the children are invited to evaluate their own work.

For self-assessment, cards with symbols are prepared:

8. Final word of the teacher

Mark Twain, in my opinion, was one of the most talented writers of the last century. He left over 20 books and a huge number of unpublished manuscripts to the people. “I'm not familiar with the 20th century yet. I wish him good luck,” Twain wrote. Did he know that he himself would become one of the greatest successes of the now 20th century? And his words: "Peace, happiness, the brotherhood of people - that's what we need in this world" - will be modern and timely.

Homework:

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a wonderful book, magical, mysterious. It is beautiful above all in its depth. Everyone at any age can find something of their own in it: a child - a fascinating story, an adult - the sparkling humor of Mark Twain and memories of childhood. The protagonist of the novel during each reading of the work appears in a new light, i.e. Tom Sawyer's characterization is always different, always fresh.

Tom Sawyer is an ordinary child

It is unlikely that Thomas Sawyer can be called a bully, rather he is a mischievous one. And, more importantly, he has the time and opportunity to do everything. He lives with an aunt who, although she tries to keep him strict, is not good at it. Yes, Tom is punished, but despite this, he lives quite well.

He is quick-witted, resourceful, like almost every child of his age (about 11-12 years old), one has only to remember the story of the fence, when Tom convinced all the children in the district that work is a sacred right and privilege, and not a heavy burden.

This characterization of Tom Sawyer gives him a person who is not very bad. Further, the personality of the most famous inventor and mischief-maker will be revealed with more and more new facets.

Friendship, love and nobility are not alien to Tom Sawyer

Another virtue of Sawyer - the ability to love and sacrifice - appears before the reader in all its glory when the boy discovers that he loves. For her sake, he even makes a sacrifice: he exposes his body to the blows of the teacher's rods for her misconduct. After all, this is a wonderful characteristic of Tom Sawyer, which highlights the sublime attitude towards the lady of the heart.

Tom Sawyer has a conscience. He and Huck witnessed the murder, and even despite the far from illusory danger to their lives, the boys decided to help the police and rescue the poor fellow Meff Potter from prison. The act on their part is not only noble, but also courageous.

Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn as a confrontation between the world of childhood and the world of adulthood

Why is Tom like this? Because he is relatively good. Tom, though difficult, is a beloved child, and he knows it. Therefore, almost all the time he lives in the world of childhood, in the world of dreams and fantasies, only occasionally looking out into reality. The characterization of Tom Sawyer in this sense is no different from that of any other prosperous teenager. Such a conclusion can only be drawn if we compare the two images - For Sawyer, fantasy is like the air he breathes. Tom is full of hope. There are almost no disappointments in him, so he believes in imaginary worlds and in imaginary people.

Gek is completely different. He has a lot of problems, no parents. Rather, there is an alcoholic father, but it would be better if he did not exist. Father for Huck is a source of constant anxiety. His parent, of course, disappeared several years ago, but it is known for certain that he did not die, which means that he can appear in the city at any moment and begin to bully his unfortunate son again.

For Huck, fantasy is an opium, thanks to which life can still be somehow endured, but an adult cannot live in a world of illusions all the time (and Finn is just like that).

Sawyer is even a little sorry, because he does not know how things really are. His world is without tragedy, while Huck's existence is a constant struggle. Just like an ordinary adult: he comes out of the world of childhood and realizes that he was deceived. Thus, another characteristic of Tom Sawyer is ready.

How could Tom be an adult?

A tempting question for all those who have read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. But it seems that the story about the boys does not say anything about their adult lives for nothing. There can be at least two reasons for this: either there will be nothing remarkable in these lives, or for someone, life will not bring pleasant surprises further. And all this can be.

What will Tom Sawyer be like? The characteristic may be as follows: in the future he is an ordinary, ordinary person without special life achievements. His childhood is full of various adventures, but by and large they always happened in some comfort zone, and this allowed Tom to constantly fabricate fantasies.

Gek is a different story. At the end of the adventure, Finn leaves the bourgeois world, where satiety and morality reign, into the world of the streets, where freedom reigns, in his opinion. The tramp boy does not tolerate limits. But it is impossible to live forever outside the framework and breathe only the air of freedom, because any life needs one form or another. If a single vessel (man) is not limited, then it will break out, destroying the vessel itself. Simply put, if Huck does not choose a certain value system for himself, he may well become drunk and die under the fence, like his father, or disappear in a drunken brawl. Adult life is not as bright as the life of a child, which is a pity.

On this not too joyful note, Tom Sawyer says goodbye to us. The characterization of the hero ends here.

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