The theme of the family in the novel "Fathers and Sons" (School essays). The role of the family in the education of the individual (based on the work of I.S.

One of the leading themes in the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is the theme of love and family. These are one of those "eternal" values, which, according to Turgenev, are the basis of human existence. It is they who form the personality, determine his future life and destiny, make him happy or deeply unhappy.
The foundation of a family is love. In many ways, it was this feeling that became the “stumbling block” between Bazarov and the Kirsanovs, between the generation of “fathers” and “children”, between the convictions of Yevgeny Vasilyevich and his true desires.
So, Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, representatives of the older generation, believe that love is the basis on which life rests, one of the most important human feelings that give meaning to existence.
We know that Nikolai Petrovich was married for ten years to the mother of his eldest son Arkady. The spouses were happy and lived “in perfect harmony”: “… they almost never parted, read together, played four hands on the piano, sang duets…” When Kirsanov’s wife died, “he barely took this blow, turned gray in a few weeks… “But the care of his son and life circumstances forced Nikolai Petrovich to live on. And a few years later, the hero met and fell in love with Fenechka, a simple girl, from whom Kirsanov had another son, Mitenka.
It can be said that Nikolai Petrovich was happy and was happy precisely with the love that filled his whole life, and with his large family, which he managed to create and preserve.
The brother of Nikolai Petrovich, Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, was unhappy, and precisely from a lack of love. He, in his declining years, was left completely alone, and the hero is painfully aware of this, living next to his brother and seeing his family happiness.
Pavel Petrovich had an unhappy fatal love that turned and determined his whole life. The hero "fatally" loved Princess R., who was married, distinguished by exaltation and inconstancy of character, and, in the end, "died in Paris, in a state close to insanity." Their short but stormy romance was forever imprinted in the soul of Pavel Petrovich - and in the future he was never able to start a family, he remained forever alone.
Love is also important for the younger Kirsanov - Arkady. Although he considered himself a nihilist who denied “higher matters”, in his heart the hero felt the need for love and family, he understood how important this was for him. That is why Arkady “painlessly” accepts love for Katenka Odintsova and marries her.
At the end of the novel, the author draws the Kirsanovs as a big and happy family: “the others all smiled and also seemed to apologize; everyone was a little awkward, a little sad, and, in fact, very good.”
Perhaps, only the protagonist of the novel, the nihilist Bazarov, categorically denies love. Up to a certain point, he reduces this feeling to the level of physiological instincts. However, a woman appears in his life, who evoked a storm of feelings, true love in Bazarov’s soul and heart: “So know that I love you, stupidly, madly ... That’s what you have achieved.”
Love made Bazarov realize that all his theories on which he built his life were erroneous. Yes, and he himself is an ordinary person, who is controlled by some laws unknown to him. This discovery crippled the hero - he did not know how to live on, what to believe in, what to rely on.
Bazarov decides to go to his parents in order to somehow recover. It is here, in the parental home, that a fatal incident occurs to him, which can be called fateful. By performing an autopsy on a typhoid patient, Bazarov becomes infected himself. Soon he realizes that he will die: “... my business is lousy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.”
Bazarov's behavior before his death fully reflects the strength and richness of his nature, his inner evolution and the tragedy of fate. A certain insight comes to the hero, he begins to understand what is really important in life, and what is superficial, the game of his pride, delusions.
True values ​​for Bazarov are his parents and their love: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day with fire ...” And also his own love for Odintsova, which the hero now recognizes and accepts: “Well, what let me tell you… I loved you!”
Thus, love and family in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" are shown not only as the most important human values ​​that determine the meaning of life. The family, the writer tells us, is the nest where a person is formed, where his views, character, and in many respects, fate are determined. Undoubtedly, the environment also affects everyone, but the life core formed in the family helps to survive, survive, preserve oneself and one's soul in any conditions. Helps to find true human happiness.

Essay on literature on the topic: The role of the family in the education of the individual (based on the work of I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Other writings:

1. In the novel Fathers and Sons, the twenty-eighth chapter plays the role of an epilogue. This is the conclusion that the author sums up under the novel, briefly describing the events that happened to the characters after the events of the novel, showing what usually happens to people similar to those described in the novel after Read More ......
2. The plot of the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is contained in its very title. The involuntary confrontation between the older and younger generations, due to the changing spirit of the times, can be viewed both in a tragic way (F. M. Dostoevsky in the novel “Demons”), and in a satirical, humorous way. Read More ......
3. Satirical motives and their role in the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons. The plot of the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is contained in its very title. The involuntary confrontation between the older and younger generations, due to the changing spirit of the times, can be seen in Read More ......
4. In the novel "Fathers and Sons" I. S. Turgenev constantly includes descriptions of nature in the text. We meet one of such descriptions in the eleventh chapter of the novel. A beautiful picturesque picture opens up to us here: “... the sun's rays, for their part, climbed into the grove, and, Read More ......
5. Already in the first episode of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" the most important themes, ideas, artistic techniques of Turgenev are outlined; an attempt to analyze them is the first step towards comprehending the artistic world of a work in its systemic integrity. One of the episodes that begins the novel by I. S. Turgenev Read More ......
6. The role of secondary characters in the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is multifaceted. The system of characters is built by the author in such a way that the relationship of the characters with Bazarov reveals the character of each of them and at the same time makes it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the worldview Read More ......
7. 1. Time of creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons". 2. Clash of representatives of fathers and children. 3. Is the problem of fathers and children obsolete today? I tried to imagine the conflict of two generations. I. S. Turgenev I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” appeared in print Read More ......

What is family? In my opinion, the family is people close to us who are ready to help you in any situation and who will always be on your side, regardless of the circumstances. The theme of the family in their works was raised by many writers and poets: I. S. Turgenev in his novel "Fathers and Sons", M. Gorky in the work "Childhood", A. N. Ostrovsky in the drama "Thunderstorm". So in his novel "Fathers and Sons" I. S. Turgenev clearly shows the relationship in the Bazarov family.

The main character of the work is Evgeny Bazarov. As a nihilist, he despises the entire heritage of the Russian nobles, denies art, considers it something useless and harmful, capable of only powdering brains and distracting from science. A smart, strong, confident person who can change the existing system of Russia by his actions. This is a person who knows how to act decisively, break and destroy, but is not able to create.

He has wonderful parents who love their son passionately. After their son arrives home, they collect all their savings and buy the most delicious food on the market so that their only son has the best. Parents are so afraid of not pleasing Eugene that they are afraid to ask him anything. Father Vasily Ivanovich considers his son an exceptional, extraordinary person who will soon become a great personality and glorify the names of his parents. Parents fulfill all the requests of their son, even when he says not to appear in front of his eyes, they dutifully obey. Upon learning of Yevgeny's infection with typhus, Vasily Ivanovich does not tell his wife anything, so as not to disturb and excite her. Parents did not believe until the very end that their son could contract an incurable disease and die from such an absurd case, and hoped that it was just a cold. Evgeny Bazarov loves his parents no less, but does not show it. Eugene, knowing about his imminent death, does not tell his old loving mother about this, and answers her questions that it is just a cold, so as not to sadden Arina Vlasyevna. At death, he says that people like his parents cannot be found during the day with fire, and asks Anna Sergeevna to take care of them. Yevgeny Bazarov loves his parents, but is afraid to express it, because he denies love. He calls love "romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art." Eugene is afraid to show his feelings for his parents, because this proves that all his beliefs and views were wrong. Despite his cold, indifferent attitude towards his parents, the writer loves him, and says that "this is the cutest of all his figures."

Thus, I came to the conclusion that my family should be treated with love, trust and understanding. The writer encourages us to admire the family of his hero Yevgeny Bazarov. It is truly a blessing to have such loving, caring parents.

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The novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", of course, has long been on the shelf of the classics of Russian literature. The brightest figure of the work - Yevgeny Bazarov - became not only an example for inheritance, but also a spokesman for free-thinking and the latest ideological trends that raged among young people in the 1860s.

A few words about the plot of the novel

So, we have before us the events that unfold two years before the peasant reform of 1861. The novel begins with the arrival of Arkady Kirsanov and his friend, Yevgeny Bazarov, at the estate of Arkady's parents, Maryino.

Eugene is a representative of what will later be called progressive youth. The representatives of this peculiar and marginal stratum were beautifully described, among other things, by Boris Akunin in the epic novel The Adventures of Erast Fandorin. So, Bazarov and the Kirsanovs have an ideological conflict and Eugene decides to go to the city. Arkady Kirsanov follows him.

Bazarov is distinguished by his commitment to nihilistic ideas, and in the city at the governor's ball he meets a fairly young widow, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. The latter is inclined to host representatives of the youth underground of that time. In the estate of Odintsova - Nikolskoye - Arkady and Evgeny are also invited. However, Anna is frightened by Bazarov's too open and frank romantic feelings for her, and he again decides to leave another place that disappointed him.

Dear readers! We bring to your attention in the story of Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

The next "stop" is the house of Bazarov's parents - Arina Vlasyevna and Vasily Ivanovich. However, their specificity is the topic of the next part of our article. In the meantime, let's turn to the logic of the further development of the plot.

Eugene is quickly weighed down by the excessive love of his parents, whom he soon leaves again. The path again leads Evgeny and Arkady to Odintsova, but she does not show warmth when meeting them. As a result, our heroes once again find themselves in Maryino.

Eugene spends some time at the house of Arkady's parents, but comes into conflict with his uncle and shoots himself in a duel - because of the girl. The younger Kirsanov leaves for Nikolskoye, where he gives vent to his feelings for Katya, the sister of Anna Odintsova.

As for Bazarov, he also soon leaves Maryino again. In these ups and downs, Bazarov is experiencing some kind of spiritual and ideological renewal: he asks for forgiveness from Anna, and also, having completely quarreled with the Kirsanovs, returns to his parents' house. Eugene also breaks off communication with Arkady, who finally confesses his love to his sister Odintsova.

Staying with his parents, Bazarov helps his father, the doctor. However, after an unsuccessful autopsy of a man who died of typhus, Eugene dies from blood poisoning.

Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov

What is known about the appearance of Father Eugene? Vasily Ivanovich is described as a tall, thin man. He is not rich, but not poor either. The peasants were in his dues, and in total the estate numbered 22 souls and belonged to Bazarov's wife, Arina. Vasily himself worked as an army surgeon.

Both father and mother do not have a soul in their only son, Eugene. Some of the innovation that hovered in the pre-reform air is manifested here in what the culturologist Margaret Mead has called prefigurative culture. What does this mean? For example, this means that a father learns from his son, and not vice versa, which was certainly more common for that time, and indeed for the patriarchal and conservative Russian culture.

The father perceives the son's nihilistic worldview with curiosity. He begins to actively study the latest journalistic texts, to delve into the features of modern thought.

But why? Was Vasily Bazarov doing this because he himself was imbued with sincere feelings for the latest cultural trends? No, he was just very afraid of losing his son, he was afraid that he would turn away from him, stop paying attention to his father. As a result, Vasily gets confused and cannot find landmarks in life again.

In fact, the position of Father Bazarov expresses his inner strength: no matter how difficult it was for him to reject the principles, strict and conservative, in which he was brought up, he still does it by choosing priorities. Yes, he strives to have the image of an enlightened and modern person who perceives and accepts progressive ideas, but the reader guesses (which is not at all difficult to do) that this is just a guise in which the hero himself tries to believe, but in reality he still remains conservative, not liberal.

Arina Vlasevna Bazarova

Like her husband, she madly loves her son and idolizes him. Arina is not a noblewoman, she is an ordinary, simple and good-natured woman. If her husband is tall and slender, then she is short, fussy and plump - a hostess and a loving, caring mother.

She is accommodating and kind, but too old-fashioned in her piety and adherence to the old ways. Even the author of the novel himself notes that her birth should have happened much earlier, by 200 years.

In addition to pride in her son, she also feels fear of him. But if Vasily Bazarov tries to make contact with him, then Arina closes in on herself and tries to completely bypass the younger Bazarov.

She hardly speaks to him and practically does not show her attitude and feelings towards her son. However, she does this not because she wants to, but only because she knows that Eugene does not like excessive tenderness. Of course, her simplicity sometimes betrays her: it happens that a woman cries or rushes to hug Bazarov. But these impulses are suppressed either by Eugene himself, or by his father.

Bazarov's parents are an example of how paternal and maternal love without boundaries, to the point of likening one's own child to God, can have the opposite effect on this child: instead of approaching Eugene, they became infinitely far from him, despite all the efforts of the unfortunate old people.

The gap between fathers and children

It can be seen from the novel that the educated and well-read Yevgeny is drawn to the Kirsanovs who are similar to him in terms of intellectual development, but he does not find a place with them either. As for Bazarov's parents, it cannot be said that he does not love them: of course, he loves them, but he cannot speak the same language with them.

Of course, one can pretend that such a language exists, but it still did not allow Yevgeny to have discussions and intellectual, ideological disputes with his parents. Like many learned people, internally Bazarov partially withered, withered, like a tree living too long. If you listen carefully, peer into the image of Bazarov Jr., you can see how unhappy and lost he is, because his life philosophy preaches all-denial, skepticism and constant doubts.

Not all literary critics, however, agree that Bazarov loved his parents. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that the love of Arina and Vasily for their son was blind: this can be seen not only in their words, but in every deed. In Evgenia, the whole meaning of the life of the Bazarovs was concluded.

At the end of the novel, we see how thin and fragile the ideological shell is: it affects the minds of people like Yevgeny Bazarov only to the extent that it rebuilds his behavior, and not his inner essence. Only dying, he finally tells his parents that he loves them, and in fact he always noticed and appreciated their care. But he didn't know how to express his feelings. Perhaps Kirill Turovsky was right when he wrote that some people tend to fall into "sadness of the mind."

One of the leading themes in the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" is the theme of love and family. These are one of those "eternal" values, which, according to Turgenev, are the basis of human existence. It is they who form the personality, determine his future life and destiny, make him happy or deeply unhappy.
The foundation of a family is love. In many ways, it was this feeling that became the “stumbling block” between Bazarov and the Kirsanovs, between the generation of “fathers” and “children”, between the convictions of Yevgeny Vasilyevich and his true desires.
So, Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, representatives of the older generation, believe that love is the basis on which life rests, one of the most important human feelings that give meaning to existence.
We know that Nikolai Petrovich was married for ten years to the mother of his eldest son Arkady. The couple were happy and lived “in perfect harmony”: “... they almost never parted, read together, played four hands on the piano, sang duets ...” When Kirsanov’s wife died, “he barely took this blow, turned gray in a few weeks ... » But the care of his son and life circumstances forced Nikolai Petrovich to live on. And a few years later, the hero met and fell in love with Fenechka, a simple girl, from whom Kirsanov had another son, Mitenka.
It can be said that Nikolai Petrovich was happy and was happy precisely with the love that filled his whole life, and with his large family, which he managed to create and preserve.
The brother of Nikolai Petrovich, Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, was unhappy, and precisely from a lack of love. He, in his declining years, was left completely alone, and the hero is painfully aware of this, living next to his brother and seeing his family happiness.
Pavel Petrovich had an unhappy fatal love that turned and determined his whole life. The hero "fatally" loved Princess R., who was married, distinguished by exaltation and inconstancy of character, and, in the end, "died in Paris, in a state close to insanity." Their short but stormy romance was forever imprinted in the soul of Pavel Petrovich - and in the future he was never able to start a family, he remained forever alone.
Love is also important for the younger Kirsanov - Arkady. Although he considered himself a nihilist who denied "high matters", but in his heart the hero felt the need for love and family, he understood how important this was for him. That is why Arkady "painlessly" accepts love for Katenka Odintsova and marries her.
At the end of the novel, the author draws the Kirsanovs as a large and happy family: “the others all smiled and also seemed to apologize; everyone was a little embarrassed, a little sad, and, in fact, very good.
Perhaps, only the protagonist of the novel, the nihilist Bazarov, categorically denies love. Up to a certain point, he reduces this feeling to the level of physiological instincts. However, a woman appears in his life, who evoked a storm of feelings, true love in Bazarov’s soul and heart: “So know that I love you, stupidly, madly ... That’s what you have achieved.”
Love made Bazarov realize that all his theories on which he built his life were erroneous. Yes, and he himself is an ordinary person, who is controlled by some laws unknown to him. This discovery crippled the hero - he did not know how to live on, what to believe in, what to rely on.
Bazarov decides to go to his parents in order to somehow recover. It is here, in the parental home, that a fatal incident occurs to him, which can be called fateful. By performing an autopsy on a typhoid patient, Bazarov becomes infected himself. Soon he realizes that he will die: “... my business is lousy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.”
Bazarov's behavior before his death fully reflects the strength and richness of his nature, his inner evolution and the tragedy of fate. A certain insight comes to the hero, he begins to understand what is really important in life, and what is superficial, the game of his pride, delusions.
True values ​​for Bazarov are his parents and their love: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day with fire ...” And also his own love for Odintsova, which the hero now recognizes and accepts: “Well, what let me tell you... I loved you!”
Thus, love and family in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" are shown not only as the most important human values ​​that determine the meaning of life. The family, the writer tells us, is the nest where a person is formed, where his views, character, and in many ways, fate are determined. Undoubtedly, the environment also affects everyone, but the life core formed in the family helps to survive, survive, preserve oneself and one's soul in any conditions. Helps to find true human happiness.

The strength and weakness of Bazarov's nihilism (based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

In the first part of the novel, Bazarov is a relatively integral person. He is confident that he knows the fundamental needs of the people, and that his negative direction serves the interests of the people. In a conversation with Arkady, Bazarov bluntly states: "The only good thing about a Russian person is that he has a bad opinion of himself."
In the Bazarov mindset, the typical qualities of a folk character really appear: distrust of excessive enthusiasm, which in the eyes of the Russian people has always been ridiculous and sugary, a tendency to sharp critical self-esteem. Bazarov is not at all embarrassed that a significant part of the Russian peasants will not understand his views. He is ready to go against the peasants themselves for the benefit of the people.
The heroic strength of Bazarov's denials does not exclude despotic arbitrariness. He is ready to lead the people to freedom in this way, if they do not have the expected revolutionary strength and consciousness. “Finally, remember, strong gentlemen,” Pavel Petrovich reasoned with the nihilists, “that there are only four and a half of you, and there are millions of those who will not allow you to trample under your feet your most sacred beliefs, which will crush you!” “If they crush it, that’s where the road is,” Bazarov said. “Only my grandmother said it in two.”
When Kukshina accuses Sitnikov of Domostroy's sympathies: "You should have a whip in your hands," Bazarov responds for a reason: "A whip is a good deed." In a conversation with Arkady, Bazarov encourages similar actions of his father: “The other day he ordered to flog his quitrent peasant and did very well; don’t look at me with such horror ... because he is a terrible thief and drunkard.” “In the carved object,” Pisarev clarified Turgenev’s hero, not without humor, “the process of thought really takes place. It refines the sense of self-preservation,” which “is the first cause of all human progress.”

In the strong hands of Bazarov there is also a heroic "club" - natural science knowledge. The hero believes in their crushing and renewing power. Pavel Petrovich sneers in vain: "He doesn't believe in principles, but he believes in frogs." Bazarov would not take his irony to heart.

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, the materialist Bazarov denies what the aristocrat Kirsanov is even afraid to say - faith in God. The successes of the natural sciences supported the pathos of revolutionary negation.

Turgenev drew attention not only to the strengths, but also to the weaknesses of the teachings of the German vulgar materialists widespread at that time - Vogt, Buchner and Moleschott. In "Fathers and Sons" through the views of the protagonist, he clearly showed the negative consequences of an uncritical attitude towards them. At the beginning of the novel, Bazarov speaks of the Germans with undisguised reverence: "The local scientists are efficient people," "the Germans are our teachers in this." And then the life of the people, through the mouth of a peasant boy in a swamp near an aspen grove, asks Bazarov a bewildered question: "What do you need frogs for, master?" - "But what," Bazarov answered him ... what's going on inside us."

Peasant children do not agree with Bazarov: something in his intelligibility and simplicity alarms them: "Vaska, listen, the master says that we are the same frogs. It's wonderful" - "I'm afraid of them, frogs," Vaska remarked . "What to be afraid of? Do they bite?" - "Well, get into the water, philosophers," said Bazarov.
And the kids really turned out to be little wise men. The "philosopher", a smart and sober little boy, felt the strangeness of Bazarov's reasoning about the resemblance of people to frogs. And Vaska, an impressionable kid, expressed his disagreement emotionally. The gross mistake of the vulgar materialists was a simplistic idea of ​​the nature of human consciousness, of the essence of psychological processes, which were reduced to elementary, physiological ones: the brain secretes thought, like the liver - bile.
In the utilitarian view of Bazarov, which denies art, not everything is nonsense. In Bazarov's attacks against the "art of making money" there is a challenge to sterile aestheticism, especially immoral in an era of deep social upheaval.

Bazarov, a businesslike and practical man, a democrat to the end of his nails, hates the lordly effeminacy, excessive cultural refinement, internal flabbiness of characters, the illusory nature of interests devoid of connections with the practical needs of life. There is an element of sober social truth in Bazarov's anger at the "damned barchuks", especially since these "barchuks" are deliberately pouring salt on an open wound. Pavel Petrovich's rude jokes (are there leeches in Bazarov's bag and does he eat frogs) humiliate the hero.

Bazarov does not remain in debt. He also explains the traits of nobility among the older Kirsanovs as a pathological phenomenon, as a physiological inferiority. "They will develop their nervous system to the point of irritation ... well, the balance is broken." Moreover, Bazarov despises the Kirsanov brothers also because they are "old men". In general, "old men", from his point of view, are retired people, their "song is sung". Kirsanov approaches his parents with the same yardstick: "Remarkable vitality!" "A funny old man and kind ... He talks a lot."

Bazarov is ready to call not only respect for old age a prejudice, he does not want to "get rid of" not only with his parents. He considers the spiritual refinement of love feelings to be romantic nonsense: “No, brother, this is all licentiousness, emptiness! ... We, physiologists, know what kind of relationship this is. "It's all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art."
The more the hero boasts of his strength, the more often in the novel there are dull threats, fatal warnings to the arrogant Bazarov. Fate sends the hero a test of love. Bazarov’s self-confidence, which ridicules Pavel Petrovich’s love for Princess R., is costly for Bazarov: “A man who staked woman’s love all his life, and when he was killed this card, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person - not a man, not a male.
There is no love, if only a physiological attraction, there is no beauty in nature, there is only an eternal cycle of chemical processes of a scientific substance, of which everything consists, as Turgenev's main character believes. Bazarov, in a bitter moment of life, is inclined to consider the feeling of compassion living in a person as cowardice. And here he is deeply mistaken. After all, besides the truth of physiological laws, there is another truth, the truth of human spiritualized naturalness. So the mighty forces of beauty and harmony, love, art stand in the way of Bazarov. "What you laugh at, you will serve" - ​​the bitter cup of this life wisdom Yevgeny Bazarov is destined to drink in full.