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Writer's pseudonym harmful who is the author. Literary pseudonyms of children's writers

Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide one's name faded into the background here. Therefore, such pseudonyms can be distinguished into a special group and given the name payzonyms (from the Greek paizein - to joke).

The tradition of funny pseudonyms in Russian literature dates back to the magazines of Catherine's time ("Vsyakaya Vyashachina", "Neither this nor that", "Drone", "Mail of Spirits", etc.). A.P. Sumarokov signed them Akinfiy Sumazbrodov, D. I. Fonvizin - Falaley.

Joking signatures were put at the beginning of the last century even under serious critical articles. One of Pushkin's literary opponents, N. I. Nadezhdin, signed in Vestnik Evropy Ex-student Nikodim Nedoumko And Critic from the Patriarch's Ponds. Pushkin in the "Telescope" two articles directed against F.V. Porfiry Dushegreykina. M. A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the same years acted in the "Northern Mercury" as Evgraf Miksturin.

The comic pseudonyms of those times were a match for the long, wordy book titles. G. F. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko in the Vestnik Evropy (1828) signed: Averyan Curious, out of work collegiate assessor, who is in circulation in litigious cases and in monetary penalties. The poet of the Pushkin galaxy N. M. Yazykov "Journey on a Chukhon pair from Derpt to Revel" (1822) signed: Residing on the slings of the Derpt muses, but intending to eventually lead them by the nose Negulai Yazvikov.

Even longer was this alias: Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov house, author of the cramped stable "fire-breathing ex-president of the old garden, cavalier of three livers and commander of Galimatya. Thus, in 1811, V. A. Zhukovsky signed a comic "Greek ballad, transcribed into Russian manners", under the title "Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, impatience and cabbage." He composed this ballad, which remained unpublished during his lifetime, as a guest at the Muratovo estate near Moscow with his friends Protasovs. No less lengthy and bizarre was the pseudonym of the author of the "critical notes" to the same ballad: Alexander Pleshchepupovich Chernobrysov, real mameluke and bogdykhan, bandmaster of cowpox, privileged galvanist of dog comedy, publisher of topographical descriptions of wigs and gentle componist of various musical bellies, including the note howl attached here. Behind this comic signature was Zhukovsky's friend Pleshcheev.

O. I. Senkovsky "Private letter to the most respectable public about a secret journal called Veselchak" (1858), signed: Ivan Ivanov son of Khokhotenko-Khlopotunov-Pustyakovsky, retired second lieutenant, landowner of various provinces and cavalier of purity.

"History of Yerofey Yerofeyich, the inventor of "Erofeich", an allegorical bitter vodka" (1863) was published on behalf of Russian author, nicknamed the Old Indian Rooster.

N. A. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen(probably from "fuck me!").

Such pseudonyms were constantly used by employees of Iskra, Gudok, and Whistle - press organs that played a significant role in the struggle of revolutionary democrats against autocracy, serfdom and reactionary literature in the 60s and 70s of the last century. Often they added this or that imaginary rank, rank to a fictitious surname, indicated an imaginary profession, striving to create literary masks endowed with attributes of real personalities.

These are the pseudonyms: N. A. Nekrasova - Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin, D. D. Minaeva - Fedor Konyukh, Cook Nikolai Kadov, Lieutenant Khariton Yakobintsev, Junker A, Restaurantov, N. S. Kurochkina - Poet okolodochny(neighborhood was then called the police station), Member of the Madrid Learned Society Tranbrel, other comedians - Poluarshinov’s knife line clerk, Kradilo the Ober-exchange counterfeiter, Taras Kutsiy the landowner, Azbukin the telegraph operator, Fireman Kum, U.R.A. Vodka-alcohol breeder etc.

I. S. Turgenev feuilleton "Six-year-old accuser" signed: Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov, and poems allegedly composed by the six-year-old son of the author - Jeremiah Nedobobov. They ridiculed the shady sides of Russian reality:

Oh, why from infancy, Sorrow about bribes entered my soul! 1

1 ("Spark", 1859, No. 50)

The juvenile accuser exclaimed.

To make readers laugh, old, obsolete names were chosen for pseudonyms in combination with an intricate surname: Varakhasy the Indispensable, Khusdazad Tserebrinov, Ivakhviy Kistochkin, Basilisk of the Cascades, Avvakum Khudodoshensky etc. Young M. Gorky in the Samara and Saratov newspapers of the late 90s was signed by Yehudiel Khlamida.

Gorky's signatures are full of wit in those of his works that were not intended for publication. Beneath one of his letters to his 15-year-old son is: Your father Polycarp Unesibozhenozhkin. On the pages of the home handwritten magazine Sorrento Pravda (1924), on the cover of which Gorky was depicted as a giant plugging the crater of Vesuvius with his finger, he signed Metranpage Goryachkin, Disabled Muses, Osip Tikhovoyev, Aristid Balyk.

Sometimes the comic effect was achieved through a deliberate contrast between the name and surname. Pushkin used this technique, though not to create a pseudonym ("And you, dear singer, Vanyusha Lafontaine ..."), and humorists willingly followed his example, combining foreign names with purely Russian surnames: Jean Khlestakov, Wilhelm Tetkin, Basil Lyalechkin, and vice versa: Nikifor Shelming, etc. Leonid Andreev signed the satire "The Adventures of an Angel of the World" (1917): Horace C. Rutabaga.

Often, for a comic pseudonym, the surname of some famous writer was played up. In Russian humorous magazines there are also Pushkin in a square, and Saratov's Boccaccio, and Rabelais of Samara, and Beranger from Zaryadye, and Schiller from Taganrog, and Ovid with Tom, and Dante from Plyushchikha, and Berne from Berdichev. Heine's name was especially popular: there is Heine from Kharkov, from Arkhangelsk, from Irbit, from Lyuban and even Heine from the stable.

Sometimes the name or surname of a well-known person was changed in such a way as to produce a comic effect: Darry Baldi, Heinrich Genius, Gribselov, Pushechkin, Gogol-Mogol, Pierre de Boborysak(allusion to Boborykin). V. A. Gilyarovsky in "Entertainment" and "News of the Day" signed Emelya Zola.

D. D. Minaev, under the "dramatic fantasy" dedicated to the massacre of a certain Nikita Bezrylov with his wife Literatura and written in the spirit of Shakespeare, staged Tryphon Shakespeare(under Nikita Bezrylov meant A.F. Pisemsky, who used this pseudonym). K. K. Golokhvastov signed the satire "Journey to the Moon of the Merchant Truboletov" (1890), allegedly translated, as it says on the cover, "from French into Nizhny Novgorod", signed Jules Unfaithful, parodying the name and surname of Jules Verne, who has a novel on the same subject.

Sometimes the names of characters in literary works were used as comic pseudonyms. This was done in order to evoke appropriate reminiscences from readers, sometimes having nothing to do with the topic. The main thing is to be funny!

These are the signatures: I. Bashkova - Executor Fried eggs, Midshipman Zhevakin(from Gogol's "Marriage"), D. Minaeva Court counselor Esbuketov(a surname adopted by the serf poet Vidoplyasov from Dostoevsky's story "The Village of Stepanchikovo").

In order to enhance the comic effect, a foreign literary hero was given a Russian "registration": Don Quixote St. Petersburg(D. Minaets), Mephistopheles from Khamovniki(A. V. Amfiteatrov), Figaro from Sushchev, Faust of the Shchigrovsky district and so on.

Type signatures Marquis Pose, Childe Harold, Don Juan, Gulliver, Quasimodo, Lohengrin, Falstaff, Captain Nemo etc. and also Blacksmith Vakula, Taras Bulba, Khoma-philosopher, Repetilov, Poprishchin, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Karas-idealist etc. were ready-made literary masks for humorists. As for the signature Puffer, then it was associated not so much with the surname of Griboedov's character, but with the expression "bar your teeth", that is, laugh.

Chekhov in "Shards" was signed by Ulysses; under the story "In the cemetery" at its second publication, he put Laertes. Chekhov signed a comic letter to the editor of "Oskolkov" Colonel Kochkarev(a hybrid of Colonel Koshkarev from "Dead Souls" and Kochkarev from "Marriage"). In this letter, he addressed the mediocre but prolific playwright D. A. Mansfeld: “Being, like my daughter Zinaida, a lover of theatrics, I have the honor to ask the respected Mr. Mansfeld to compose four comedies, three dramas and two tragedies for household use. more poignantly, for which item after making them I will send three rubles "1 .

1 ("Shards", 1886, No. 3)

The vindictive Mansfeld did not forgive the offense: after Chekhov's death, he spread a rumor that at the very beginning of his literary activity, he brought him, Mansfeld, who was then publishing a magazine, a thick novel, which he allegedly refused to publish.

Chekhov had many comic pseudonyms. Collaborating in "Dragonfly" and other journals of the end of the last century, he signed: Doctor without patients (a hint of his medical diploma), Nut No. 6, Akaki Tarantulov, Kislyaev, Baldastov, Champagne, Man without a spleen etc. He also liked to put joking signatures under letters. Under the epistles to brother Alexander is something your Schiller Shakespeare Goethe, then your father A. Chekhov, then A. Dostoynov-Blagorodnov. Signatures under some letters reflect certain facts from Chekhov's biography. So, your Tsyntsynnatus- a hint at farming in Melikhovo (Cincinnatus is a Roman senator who retired to the village). On the days of his trip to Sakhalin, Chekhov writes to his sister: your Asiatic brother, Homo sachaliensis. Under one letter to A. Suvorin is: Indispensable Member for Dramatic Affairs of the Presence. One letter to his wife signed Academician Toto(a hint at being elected to the Russian Academy), another - your husband A. Actress(a hint that his wife did not leave the stage even after marriage).

Some; comedians had a very large number of funny pseudonyms, under which they collaborated in various magazines and newspapers, without having a permanent literary name. With insufficiently bright talent, the variety of signatures was disastrous for comedians. I. Bashkov, N. Yezhov, A. A. and V. A. Sokolov, S. Gusev, A. Gerson each had 50 - 100 comic pseudonyms, but all of them are firmly and deservedly forgotten, as well as those who wore them. K. A. Mikhailov, an employee of almost all humorous magazines published at the turn of the past and present centuries, outdid everyone in this part; he had as many as 325 pseudonyms, but none of them stayed in the memory of readers.

Sometimes the nature of the comic pseudonym changed along with the political convictions of the author. This happened to the Iskra-born V.P. Burenin, who defected to the reactionary camp and attacked his former comrades-in-arms with such malice that he deserved an epigram:

A dog runs along the Nevsky, Behind her - Burenin, quiet and sweet. Policeman! See, however, that he does not bite her.

In "Iskra" and "Spectator" Burenin signed: Vladimir Monumentov; Mich. Zmiev-Infants; General Adversaries 2nd; Dangerous rival of Mr. Turgenev and even Lieutenant Alexis Republicans. Having switched to the Suvorin "New Time", he began to prefer pseudonyms with titles (aristonyms): Count Alexis Jasminov; Viscount Quebriol Dantrachet.

By means of an aristonym, S. I. Ponomarev wittily encrypted his profession, signing Count Biblio(instead of Bibliographer). And another aristonym - d "Aktil - by the poet A. Frenkel is formed from the name of one of the poetic sizes - dactyl.

Aristonyms on the pages of humorous magazines are very common: all sorts of titled persons frolicked here, fortunately anyone could turn into a noble person here. But they were aristocrats with surnames, one funnier than the other: Prince Ablai-Crazy(D. D. Minaev), Count Antre-Cote, Count de Pavetoire, Count Lapotochkin, Count de Pencil, Baron Klyaks, Baron Rikiki, Baron Dzin, Baron Meow-Meow, Baron von Tarakashkin, Marquis de Pineapple, de Neury, de Trubkokur, de Reseda, d "O "Vris d" O "Nelzya, Marquise Frou-Frou, Marquise K avar d" Ak, Mandarin Lay-on-the-moon, Mandarin Spit-on-everything, Khan Tryn-grass, Amur Pasha, Kefir Pasha, Don Flacon etc.

The invention of a pseudonym, designed for comic effect, required wit and gave a wide field for the imagination of humorists. As soon as they did not refine themselves, coming up with funnier signatures! Dr. Oh, Emil Pup, Erazm Sarkasmov, Not at all, Sam-drink-tea, Chertopuzov, Abracadabra, Begemotkin, Pelmenelyubov, Razlyulimalinsky, Incognitenko, Erundist, Morist, Vsekhdavish, Khrenredkineslashchev, Vdolguneostayuschensky, Charles Atan etc.

"Songs of wine and monopoly" (1906) came out on behalf of Ivan Always-Pyushchensky- a signature that fully corresponded to the content of the book (then the monopoly was the sale of vodka in state-owned wine shops).

Funny captions were also created using the epithet "old": old sparrow(that is, one that you can’t fool on chaff), Old Sinner, Old Bachelor, Old Romantic, Old Raven, Old Hermit, Old Summer Resident and so on.

Sometimes the same comic pseudonym was used by several writers who lived at different, and sometimes at the same time.

Soviet humor magazines of the 20s were full of such signatures, sometimes consonant with the era and the new composition of readers: Savely Oktyabrev, Luka Nazhachny, Ivan Borona, Vanya Gaikin, Vanya Garmoshkin, Neporylov, Ivan Child, Pamfil Golovotyapkin, Glupyshkin(comic type in the cinema), Yevlampy Nadkin, etc. It even came out as an appendix to The Laugher (1926 - 1927) Nadkin's Newspaper, the editor-publisher of which was the "popular adventurer Yevlampy Karpovich Nadkin."

Behind the signature Antipka Bobyl A. G. Malyshkin was hiding in the Penza newspapers, behind the signatures Mitrofan Mustard And Comrade Rasp in "Gudok" - Valentin Kataev. M. M. Zoshchenko signed Gavrila, and under the names Honored Worker M. Konoplyanikov-Zuev and Privatdozent M. Prishchemikhin acted as the author of funny scientific projects like the "cat-bus", "trailer crematorium", etc.

Among the pseudonyms of the young Marshak was Weller(the name of Mr. Pickwick's merry servant), and Valentin Kataev signed Oliver Twist(another character of Dickens).

A. M. Goldsnberg ( Argo) parodies in the magazine "At the Literary Post" (1927 - 1930) were signed by May Day Plenums, and in "Evening Moscow" by Semyadei Volbukhin and Elizaveta Vorobei. The poet V. V. Knyazev invented for himself the pseudonym Tovavaknya, which meant "comrade Vasily Vasilyevich Knyazev."

In the future, this tradition almost disappeared. However, in recent years, in connection with humor contests held by the press, the number of funny pseudonyms has begun to grow again, since these contests are often closed and not the names of the authors are put under humoresques, but their mottos, which, in essence, are pseudonyms, usually comic.

Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide one's name faded into the background here. Therefore, such pseudonyms can be distinguished into a special group and given a name. payzonyms(from Greek. paizein- tell jokes).

Joking signatures were put at the beginning of the last century even under serious critical articles. One of Pushkin's literary opponents, N. I. Nadezhdin, signed in Vestnik Evropy Ex-student Nikodim Nedoumk oh and Critic from the Patriarch's Ponds. Pushkin in "Telescope" signed two articles directed against F.V. Bulgarin Theophylact Kosichkin, and the one in the "Northern Bee" signed under the name Porfiry Dushegreykina. M. A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the same years acted in the "Northern Mercury" as Evgraf Miksturin.

Even longer was this alias: Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov house, author of a cramped stable, fire-breathing ex-president of the old garden, cavalier of three livers and commander of Galimatya. Thus, in 1811, V. A. Zhukovsky signed a comic "Greek ballad, transcribed into Russian manners", under the title "Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, impatience and cabbage." He composed this ballad, which remained unpublished during his lifetime, as a guest at the Muratovo estate near Moscow with his friends Protasovs. No less lengthy and bizarre was the pseudonym of the author of the "critical notes" to the same ballad: Alexander Pleshchepupovich Chernobrysov, real mameluke and bogdykhan, bandmaster of cowpox, privileged galvanist of dog comedy, publisher of topographical descriptions of wigs and gentle componist of various musical gluttony, including the note howl attached here. Behind this comic signature was Zhukovsky's friend Pleshcheev.

"History of Yerofey Yerofeyich, the inventor of "Erofeich", an allegorical bitter vodka" (1863) was published on behalf of Russian author, nicknamed the Old Indian Rooster.

N. A. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen(probably from "fuck me!").

Employees of Iskra, Gudok, and Whistle constantly used such pseudonyms - press organs that played a significant role in the struggle of revolutionary democrats against autocracy, serfdom and reactionary literature in the 60-70s of the XIX century. Often they added this or that imaginary rank, rank to a fictitious surname, indicated an imaginary profession, striving to create literary masks endowed with attributes of real personalities.

These are the pseudonyms of N. A. Nekrasov - Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin, D. D. Minaeva - Fedor Konyukh, Cook Nikolai Kadov, Lieutenant Khariton Yakobintsev, Junker A. Restaurantov, N. S. Kurochkina - Poet okolodochny(neighborhood was then called the police station), Member of the Madrid Learned Society Tranbrel, other comedians - Poluarshinov’s knife line clerk, Kradilo the Ober-exchange counterfeiter, Taras Kutsy the landowner, Azbukin the telegraph operator, Fireman Kum, U.R.A. etc.

Oh, why from the baby diaper
Sorrow about bribes entered my soul!

The juvenile accuser exclaimed.

Sometimes the comic effect was achieved through a deliberate contrast between the name and surname. Pushkin used this technique, though not to create a pseudonym ("And you, dear singer, Vanyusha Lafontaine ..."), and humorists willingly followed his example, combining foreign names with purely Russian surnames: Jean Khlestakov, Wilhelm Tetkin, Basil Lyalechkin and vice versa: Nikifor Shelming and so on. Leonid Andreev signed the satire "The Adventures of an Angel of the World" (1917): Horace C. Rutabaga.

Often, for a comic pseudonym, the surname of some famous writer was played up. In Russian humorous magazines there are also Pushkin in a square, And Saratov Boccaccio, And Rabelais Samara, And Beranger from Zaryadye, And Schiller from Toganrog, And Ovid with Tom, And Dante with Plyushchikha, And Berne from Berdichev. Heine's name was especially popular: there is Heine from Kharkov, from Arkhangelsk, from Irbit, from Lyuban and even Heine from the stable.

Sometimes the name or surname of a well-known person was changed in such a way as to produce a comic effect: Harry Baldi, Heinrich Genius, Gribsyelov, Pushechkin, Eggnog, Pierre de Boborysak(allusion to Boborykin). V. A. Gilyarovsky in "Entertainment" and "News of the Day" signed Emelya Zola.

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Writers, especially beginners, often take literary pseudonyms for themselves, the reasons for this can be very different. And it often happens that these pseudonyms of theirs “grow together” with the authors so much that they replace real names and surnames for many in life.

A.P. Chekhov and his pseudonyms

Chekhov was the greatest master of inventing pseudonyms. He had over forty of them.

And the most famous, which everyone knows from the school bench, of course, was Antosha Chekhonte. It was under this pseudonym that, while still a medical student, Chekhov sent his first humorous stories to magazines. Antosha Chekhonte was jokingly called the young student Chekhov by one of the teachers of the gymnasium.

And it is all the more surprising that out of so many pseudonyms, none of them “got accustomed”. For all Chekhov, as he was, and remained Chekhov.

Grin Alexander - Grinevsky Alexander Stefanovich

At school, the guys addressed Alexander briefly - “Green!”, And one of his childhood nicknames was “Green-pancake”. Therefore, it was precisely such a pseudonym that he chose for himself, without much hesitation. " I feel like only Green, and it seems strange to me when someone says: Grinevsky. It's someone I don't know". Even his third wife, when changing her surname, received a passport in the name of Nina Green.

Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich - Korneychukov Nikolai Vasilyevich

The fact that he was illegitimate, in his youth, was very burdensome for Chukovsky. And having taken up literary activity, he began to use a pseudonym, which was his last name, divided into two parts: Korneichukov = Korney + Chukov + sky.

Subsequently, without further ado, he also came up with a middle name for him - "Ivanovich". After the revolution, changing his real name, patronymic and surname to a pseudonym, he became Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky also according to his passport.

Anna Akhmatova - according to the passport Anna Gorenko

After her divorce from Gumilyov, Anna took the name Akhmatova as a pseudonym. The female branch of her mother was descended from the Tatar Khan Akhmat. She later recalled: Only a seventeen-year-old crazy girl could choose a Tatar surname for a Russian poetess ... That's why it occurred to me to take a pseudonym for myself, because dad, having learned about my poems, said: "Do not shame my name." “And I don’t need your name!” - I said…»

Ilya Ilf - Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg

There are several versions about the origin of this pseudonym, and one of them is as follows:
In his youth, Ilya Fainzilberg worked as a journalist, wrote articles for newspapers. But his last name was not very well suited for the signature - it was too long and difficult to pronounce. Therefore, Ilya often abbreviated it - either “Ilya F”, then “IF”, then “Falberg”. And, in the end, it turned out - "Ilf".

Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev

Eugene was the younger brother of the then-famous writer Valentin Kataev. Not wanting to use the fruits of his fame, he came up with a literary pseudonym for himself, forming it on behalf of his father, that is, from his patronymic. So Evgeny Kataev became Evgeny Petrov.

Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich

Arkady Golikov, under his real name, wrote only the first book - "In the days of defeats and victories." All the rest were published under the pseudonym Gaidar, under which he became a well-known writer.
As for the origin of this pseudonym, one can only guess about it.
It may have originated from the Mongolian "gaidar" - "a rider galloping in front."

According to another version, while on duty in Khakassia, Gaidar often had to ask the locals - “haidar”? ("where to go"?). Perhaps that's how this word - "haydar" stuck to him.

Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev

The writer Daniil Yuvachev also invented many pseudonyms for himself (Khharms, Khaarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, etc.), signing one of them, then another. Until he finally settled on one thing - Daniil Kharms. However, its meaning is interpreted ambiguously. “Sharm” in French means “charm”, while “charm” in English means “harm”, “suffering”. But based on what Kharms once wrote in his diary: “ Yesterday dad told me that while I was Kharms, I would be haunted by needs.”, then the English version is still preferable. The writer adored this pseudonym to such an extent that he even manually attributed it to his surname in the passport.

There are also many examples in Western literature when pseudonyms replaced the real names of the authors:

O. Henry - William Sydney Porter
Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
Voltaire - Francois-Marie Arouet
Stendhal - Marie-Henri Beyle
Mark Twain - Samuel Langhorne Clemens

Pseudonyms are also widely used in Eastern literature. So, everyone heard the name of the Japanese poet who lived in the 17th century - Basho.

But this is also a pseudonym, and it means " banana tree O". At his house, the poet planted a banana tree, which he looked after. Neighbors began to call him that - "basenoo" - an old man living near a banana. His real name - Matsuo Munzfusa - few people know.

And in continuation of the literary theme.

We know some writers and poets under an assumed name and surname. Many of them take pseudonyms so that they are not compared with namesakes or well-known relatives, in order to simplify their complex name or make it more euphonious and effective.

10. Anna Akhmatova (Anna Andreevna Gorenko)

Anna Gorenko's father was Andrey Gorenko, a hereditary nobleman who once worked as a fleet mechanical engineer.

She wrote her first poems after a serious illness, she was then only 11 years old. For several days the girl was delirious, her relatives no longer hoped for her recovery. But when she woke up and regained her strength, she was able to pick up her first rhymes.

She read the poems of French poets and tried to compose poetry herself. But the father did not really like his daughter's hobby. He not only was not interested in her poems, but also spoke dismissively of them.

Realizing that Anna nevertheless decided to become a poetess, he forbade her to sign her real name, because. was sure that she would dishonor his name. Anna did not argue with him. She decided to choose a pseudonym for herself. Upon learning that her maternal grandmother had a sonorous surname "Akhmatova", she took it.

So the famous Russian poetess chose a Tatar surname for herself, which allegedly went to her ancestors, because. they were from the clan of the Tatar Khan Akhmat.

9. Ilya Ilf (Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg)

The famous author of "12 Chairs" took his pseudonym to make it easier to sign his work.

His daughter said that his real name, Fainzilberg, was too long for a newspaper article. And, in order to shorten it, he often signed "Ilya F" or "IF", and gradually his pseudonym "Ilf" turned out on his own.

But there is another version. At birth, he was Yehiel-Leib Arevich Fainzilberg, was born into a Jewish family. And his pseudonym is an abbreviation in accordance with the tradition of Jewish nominal abbreviations.

He sometimes signed by other names. So, acting as a literary critic, Ilya called himself Anton Extreme.

8. Evgeny Petrov (Evgeny Petrovich Kataev)

The elder brother of Evgeny Kataev was Valentin Kataev. He was a famous writer, founder and editor of the Youth magazine.

Not wanting to use the fame and popularity of his brother, Eugene took a pseudonym. He became Petrov, slightly altering the name of his father, Pyotr Vasilyevich Kataev.

7. Arkady Gaidar (Golikov Arkady Petrovich)

The writer himself never told why he decided to become Gaidar. When asked about it, he usually joked, never explaining anything.

There were several versions of the origin of his name. The most popular was the version of the writer B. Emelyanov. He was sure that the pseudonym came from the Mongolian word "gaidar", which meant a rider galloping in front.

There is another version. A school friend of the writer A.M. Goldin is sure that the pseudonym is an encrypted message. Since childhood, he was a great inventor, he loved to invent his own ciphers. “Gaidar” is deciphered as follows: “G” is the first letter of his last name Golikov, “ay” is the first and last letters of the name Arkady, “d” is from the French “de”, which means “from”, and “ar” is the first letters of his hometown. It turns out "Golikov Arkady from Arzamas."

6. Boris Akunin (Grigory Chkhartishvili)

The writer publishes critical and documentary works under his own name. He became Boris Akunin in 1998, after he began to write fiction.

At first, no one knew what the letter "B" before his new name meant. A little later, in an interview, he said that this is the first letter of his name - Boris.

There are several suggestions as to why he took this pseudonym. "Akunin" can be translated from Japanese as "a supporter of evil or a villain." Someone believes that this pseudonym is associated with the name of the famous anarchist Mikhail Bakunin.

The writer himself explains that his novels are not like his other activities. Akunin's thought does not work in the same way as Chkhartishvili, who writes articles. They are two completely different people, Akunin is an idealist, kind, and believes in God. In addition, you should not write detective stories with such an unpronounceable surname.

5. O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)

Once he was accused of embezzlement and was in a hard labor prison. He had an education as a pharmacist, so William was allowed to work in the infirmary as a night apothecary.

At night, sitting on duty, he composed his stories. Some of them got free. But the writer did not want readers to know about his hard labor past. He was always ashamed of him and afraid of exposure. Therefore, it was published only under a pseudonym.

It is believed that he became O. Henry, remaking the name of the pharmacist Etienne Ocean Henri. He was the author of the reference book, which was also used in the prison pharmacy.

William himself assured that he chose the initial "O" only because it is the simplest letter and it stands for Oliver. And the name "Henry" he took from the newspaper.

4. Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson)

The writer was a famous English mathematician, graduated with honors from Oxford. In order to become a professor and give lectures, according to the charter, he had to take the clergy, which he did when he became a deacon.

After that, it was dangerous for him to sign humorous stories with his own name, because. both the church and colleagues could react painfully to his work. In addition, he did not like his own name, it seemed to him boring and dissonant.

Dodgson had a double name, in honor of his father and mother. He translated both parts into Latin, it turned out "Carolus Ludovicus". After that, I changed their places and again translated into English. This is how his pseudonym Lewis Carroll came about. But he always signed his mathematical works with his real name.

3. Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)

Once an aspiring writer worked as a sailor on the Mississippi River. The safe depth through which the steamer could pass was considered a mark of 2 phantoms or 3.6 m. In the slang of sailors, this depth was called "twins". Boatmen measured it with a special stick, and if everything was in order, they shouted “by mark twain”. This combination of words was to the liking of the writer.

2. Daniil Kharms (Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev)

The writer came up with this pseudonym while still a schoolboy, signing his notebooks with this surname. He later made it his official name.

It is still unknown why he chose such a surname for himself, there are many versions of its origin. But the most common - Harms sounds almost like Holmes, and this was Harms' favorite character. From him, he adopted the style of dressing and often posed with a pipe in the pictures.

1. Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneichukov)

The writer was illegitimate. His father was Emmanuil Levenson, and his mother was the peasant Ekaterina Korneichuk, who was his maid. Therefore, the boy did not have a patronymic.

After he became a writer, he used a pseudonym - Korney Chukovsky, adding a fictitious middle name to it. And after the revolution, the pseudonym became his name.

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