Biography of Ryleev according to school textbooks. Abstract of a literature lesson on the topic "Peter the Great of Russian literature

In the inscription "TO THE STATUE OF PETER THE GREAT" Lomonosov manifests himself as an adherent of the monarchy, a true patriot, which is not surprising, since, even after years of his study abroad, he returns to his homeland. Most likely, Mikhail Vasilievich shared the views of Westerners, and not Slavophiles, which may have been influenced by a trip to Europe. That is why in his work he gives a positive review to all the reforms of Peter the Great, missing any negative consequences for the common people. We see that the "game", according to Lomonosov, was worth the candle.

Our experts can check your essay according to the USE criteria

Site experts Kritika24.ru
Teachers of leading schools and current experts of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

And that he, as a person who has achieved success with his work and talent, understands that there are no brilliant results without significant sacrifices. We see that the author finds justification for Peter's cruelty in the Emperor's desire to help his subjects. Indeed, we can compare government with the work of an experienced doctor, where in order to heal the disease, you need to inflict some pain on the patient, but only so that he later begins to live a healthy, full life. The poet exalts the image of Peter himself and brings him almost to the level of God: "But in life he was already revered as a god." He emphasizes the strong spirit, strong-willed character, adherence to principles, diligence and many other positive qualities of the first Emperor of the Russian Empire: “This image is sculpted as a wise hero, who, for the sake of his subjects, depriving himself of peace, the latter took the rank and served as a reign, his laws he himself approved by example .. .". Reading this work, you really overflow with pride for the Fatherland and its "Father". This work is an attempt to perpetuate the immortal face of one of the main characters not only of his time, but also of his country, all the beauty of his soul, which cannot be conveyed by the creation of a soulless stone statue, as the poet himself admits: our care, then this image would be more beautiful than everything in the world. Thus, we see the goal pursued by Mikhail Vasilyevich - to convey in words what cannot be caught only by the features of the face and the outer shell, since erecting a monument to such a person is too little gratitude for what he did.

This image is sculpted by a wise hero,

That, for the sake of his subjects, depriving himself of rest,

The latter took the rank and reigned served,

He himself approved his laws by example,

Born to the scepter, hands stretched out to work,

He hid the power of the monarch in order to reveal the sciences to us.

When he built a city, endured labors in wars,

In distant lands he was and wandered in the seas,

He collected artists and trained soldiers,

Home wins and external matches;

And, in a word, this is Peter, Father of the Fatherland.

Russia honors the earthly deity,

And so many altars are burning before this vision,

Since there are many hearts indebted to him.

Elisaveta erected here the specter of Petrov

To the delight of the Ross of all, but who was he,

This city and fleet, arts and troops, says,

Civil labors and heroic deeds.

The metal that frightens with flames in battle,

In Petrovgrad, the Russians are comforting,

Having depicted in himself the faces of his features;

But if his sincere beauty

Moreover, our zeal could depict,

That would be the image of this whole world more beautiful.

To sculpted images that in ancient times

Heroes were set for glorious campaigns,

The ignorance of the ages has given divine honor,

And honored the victim of their subsequent childbirth,

That right faith always abhors to create,

But you are forgiven, O late descendants.

When, having heard the deeds of Peter, loud,

Place an altar before this heroic appearance;

We justified you by our example a long time ago

Wondering his deeds, exceeding mortal powers,

They did not believe that he was one from mortals,

But in life he was already revered as a god.

Thundering on all ends of the earth victory

And Ross through the whole world triumphant traces,

Collection of sciences, courts corrected,

Variable flow of water in rivers,

Pont covered by the fleet, among the waves hails are new

And other things, seeing the death of Petrova

Advertisement: “This man broke my limit

And Methuselah lived in this world.”

So, counting the summer on business, proclaimed

And she hid this great hero in the coffin.

But this city flaunts its image.

Looking at him, Persian, Turk, Goth, Sarmat

The majesty of the hero's face seems

Even the natural wealth of both Danubian principalities was not developed for fear that the Turks would introduce new taxes.

The path to the liberation of these lands from Turkish rule was difficult and long. Gradually, with the help of Russia, which was interested in crushing Turkish domination in the Balkans, the Romanian people, who inhabited Moldova and Wallachia, managed to free themselves from foreign oppression.

After the victory of Russia over Turkey in the war of 1828-1829. under the Adrianople peace treaty, Wallachia and Moldova received some political and economic independence, although they managed to finally free themselves from Turkish dependence much later ....

Biographical audio article about Kondraty Ryleev based on school textbooks of literature, anthologies and the Children's Encyclopedia.
Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev (1795 - 1826) was born in the village. Batovo, Petersburg province, in the family of a retired lieutenant colonel from an old noble family. Received a military education. He fought as part of the Russian troops with the army of Napoleon. In 1818 he retired. From January 1821 until the spring of 1824 he served as deputy of the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber, then - the ruler of the office of the Russian-American Trading Company.
In 1823 he was accepted by I. Pushchin into the Northern Society and soon became one of its leaders. Participated in the uprising on December 14, 1825 on the Senate Square. July 13, 1826 was executed.
Ryleev's earliest poetic experiments date back to 1813-1814. This is a patriotic ode, a friendly message, elegies, songs, epigrams. In the autumn of 1820, the satire "To the temporary worker" was written, which brought fame to its author. In 1822, 13 thoughts of Ryleev appeared. Contemporaries noted "nationality" in Ryleev's thoughts, a simple and natural language. The romantic poem "Voinarovsky" (1825) was rated by Pushkin above "dooms".

To the statue of Peter the Great. Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747

To the statue of Peter the Great

Elizabeth erected here the specter of Petrov
To the delight of the Russians of all, but who was he,
This city and fleet, arts and troops, says,
Civil labors and heroic deeds.

OH YEAH
on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne
Her Majesty the Empress Empress
Elisaveta Petrovna 1747

Oh you who are waiting
Fatherland from its bowels
And he wants to see them.
Which calls from foreign countries,
Oh, your days are blessed!
Be emboldened now
Show with your care
What can own
Platonov And quick minds
Peutons Russian land to give birth.

The sciences nourish young men.
They give joy to the old,
Decorate in a happy life
In an accident, take care;
Joy in domestic difficulties
And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance.
Science is everywhere
Among the nations and in the wilderness,
In the city noise and alone,
In peace, sweet and in work ...

Questions

1. What "calms" are the works of Lomonosov cited in the textbook?

2. What is the main idea of ​​each of them?

3. What works of Lomonosov do you know?

Enrich your speech

1. Look in the dictionary of literary terms for the meaning of words ode, poem, tragedy, drama, satire, epigram. Remember what "calms" the great scientist and poet refers to these genres. What words give special solemnity to the read texts?

2. Give examples in which cases it is possible not to use words in modern speech reputed, dare, joy. How do you understand the lines: ...can its own Platons / And quick-witted Newtons / The Russian land give birth. Spiders feed young men. Do they give joy to the old?

3. Make a small dictionary of obsolete words.

4. Make up a story about the poet, based on the works and articles you read.

5. Prepare an expressive reading of one of the poems or one of the odes, think about "a laudatory word to Lomonosov, a poet, scientist, public figure."

Elizabeth erected here the specter of Petrov
To the delight of the Russians of all, but who was he,
This city and fleet, arts and troops, says,
Civil labors and heroic deeds.

OH YEAH
on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne
Her Majesty the Empress Empress
Elisaveta Petrovna 1747

…O you who are waiting
Fatherland from its bowels
And he wants to see them.
Which calls from foreign countries,
Oh, your days are blessed!
Be emboldened now
Show with your care
What can own
Platonov And quick minds
Peutons Russian land to give birth.

The sciences nourish young men.
They give joy to the old,
Decorate in a happy life
In an accident, take care;
Joy in domestic difficulties
And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance.
Science is everywhere
Among the nations and in the wilderness,
In the city noise and alone,
At rest, sweet and in work ...

Answers on questions

What "calm" are the works of Lomonosov cited in the textbook?
What is the main idea of ​​each of them?

Both excerpts from the work of Lomonosov, given in the textbook, refer to the high "calm".
The main idea of ​​the inscription “To the statue of Peter the Great” is as follows: his deeds, his achievements speak about a person, the monument would mean nothing if it were not for the deeds that Peter I committed.
The main idea of ​​the excerpt from "Ode on the Day of Ascension" is the glorification of domestic sciences, which young people should master, because the Russian land is rich in talents.

Look in the dictionary of literary terms for the meaning of the words ode. poem, tragedy, drama, satire, epigram. Remember what "calm" refers to these genres of the great

Ode is a genre of lyric poetry, a solemn poem written to the glory of a person or historical event. Refers to "high calm".
A poem is a work with a detailed narrative or lyrical plot, usually in poetic form. Refers to "high calm".
Tragedy is one of the genres of drama, which is based on a tragic conflict, which contains a sharp, irreconcilable contradiction, leading to catastrophic consequences. Refers to "high calm".
Drama is a play with an acute conflict, which, unlike tragedy, allows for a favorable resolution. Refers to the "medium calm".
Satire is a merciless, destructive ridicule of human shortcomings or phenomena of social life. Refers to the "medium calm".
An epigram is a genre of lyrical miniature of an acutely satirical or ironic nature. Refers to "low calm".
Church Slavonicisms (special words that were used by poets to create a “high calm”) give special solemnity to the passages cited: zrak, says, dare, rachenye, city.

Give examples in which cases it is possible to use the words reputed, dare, joy in modern speech. How do you understand the lines: ...maybe its own Platons / And Lystryh reason Newton / The Russian land to give birth. Spiders feed young men. / Do they give joy to the old?

In modern speech, the word "reputed" means "was known as someone"; “dare” - “boldly strive for something”; "joy" - "pleasure, fun."
The lines “…can own Platons/ And fast-witted Newtons/ The Russian land give birth” mean that the Russian land is rich in talented people, you just need to strive, learn and prove it.
The words “Sciences nourish young men, / Give joy to the old” indicate that knowledge in youth contributes to intellectual and spiritual growth. And in old age - bring joy.

Make a small dictionary of obsolete words.

Erect - build; ghost - appearance, appearance;
Ross - Russians, Russians; to say - to speak;
city ​​- city;
bowels - depths;
dare - strive;
rachenye - diligence;
use - help;
urban - urban.

Make up a story about the poet, based on the read works and articles.

Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich - scientist-encyclopedist, poet (1711-1765).
The Lomonosov family lived in the Russian north, where there was no serfdom. This region was a major craft and cultural center of Russia.
From the age of eight, Lomonosov went fishing with his father in the White and North Seas.
Since childhood, Lomonosov had a craving for knowledge, at the end of 1730, having joined the carts departing for Moscow, he left home. On January 15, 1731, he entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, hiding his origin. Trained very well.
In 1736, among the best students, he was sent to St. Petersburg for further study at the Academy of Sciences, and in September 1736 he went to Germany to study chemistry and metallurgy.
In Germany, Lomonosov is successful, as evidenced by his independent research "On the transformation of a solid into a liquid", "Physical dissertation on the difference between mixed bodies."
Lomonosov is an outstanding encyclopedic scientist, the creator of fundamental works in the field of chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology, and history.
In 1755, thanks to the efforts of Lomonosov, the first Russian university was opened in Moscow.
Lomonosov completes the reform of Russian verse, begun before him. In "Letter on the rules of Russian poetry"
Lomonosov theoretically substantiated the general and unified principle of Russian versification.
In 1757, Lomonosov wrote "Foreword on the Usefulness of Church Books in the Russian Language", in which he sets out the famous theory of "three calms".
Lomonosov also created a guide to the theory of literature - "Rhetoric" (1748) and "Russian Grammar" (1757).
Lomonosov was the embodiment of the spiritual power of the Russian people, radically changed the face of Russian science, his most important merit is the development of European traditions in combination with the active use of national cultural experience.

In the playful work "Darkness of the Night"(1747) tells how Cupid knocked on the door of an unsuspecting owner at night, after the owner warmed him up, Cupid, checking his bow, shot him in the chest. The owner of the house felt that a "sharp arrow" pierced his chest - so love came to him. This very kind poem presents us with the theme of love in an unusual way. Refers to "low calm".