› › Pseudonyms of famous writers, which many consider their real names and surnames. Under the name of the opposite sex Pseudonyms of Russian writers of the 20th century

Pseudonyms of famous writers, which many consider their real names and surnames. Under the name of the opposite sex Pseudonyms of Russian writers of the 20th century

  • Afanasy Fet - Afanasy Shenshin
  • Igor Severyanin - Igor Lotarev
  • Arkady Gaidar - Arkady Golikov
  • Maxim Gorky - Maxim Peshkov

pseudonyms of 19th century writers

  • Jack London - John Griffith Cheney
  • Kozma Prutkov - Brothers Alexei, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov and Alexei Tolstoy
  • Alexander Grin - Alexander Grinevsky
  • George Sand - Aurora Dupin
  • Mark Twain - Samuel Clemens
  • Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
  • Andrey Bely - Boris Bugaev

pseudonyms of writers of the 20th century

  • Korney Chukovsky- Nikolai Korneichuk
  • Kir Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko
  • Grigory Gorin - Grigory Ofshtein
  • Eduard Limonov - Eduard Savenko
  • Arkady Arkanov - Arkady Steinbock
  • Boris Akunin - Grigory Chkhartishvili
  • Anna Akhmatova - Anna Gorenko
  • Eduard Bagritsky- Edward Dzyubin
  • Alexander Grin - Alexander Grinevich
  • Viktor Suvorov - Vladimir Rezun
  • Veniamin Kaverin- Veniamin Zilber
  • Daniil Kharms - Daniil Yuvachev
  • Alexandra Marinina- Marina Alekseeva

I thought - why did they change the name or surname?

Previously, they decorated their name, then they "hid" their nationality more or made it more memorable (remember Chkhartishvili, for example, Akunin is much easier).

Marinina, for example, being a police officer, did not want to "shine" under her name.

Journalists feel more at ease - they write what they want or come up with.

They still cannot understand why the pseudonym of Lenin or Stalin appeared ...

Trotsky Lev Davidovich, the second face of Soviet Russia during the time of Lenin, from childhood was called Leiba Davidovich Bronstein. He took the surname Trotsky after serving time in an Odessa prison in 1898. It is clear that after his release he changed his name, not much Russified. Also several versions.

Sergey Kostrikov became Kirov - it is assumed that he really liked the Persian ruler Cyrus.

Charles Aznavour - Aznavourian Shakhnur Vaghinak (Varenag)

Irina Allegrova - Klimchuk? Inessa? Alexandrovna

Russian pop singer. When she arrived in Moscow and entered the circus variety school, she borrowed her name from a hostel neighbor, and instead of a surname she took the first word from the Musical Dictionary, which was "allegro".
According to another version, the singer's father, operetta artist Alexander Sarkisov, took the pseudonym Alexander Allegrov, and his daughter Irina received this surname at birth.

Nadezhda Babkina Zasedateleva Nadezhda

Russian pop singer, founder and soloist of the ensemble "Russian Song" (1975). If the surname is difficult to pronounce, then your path to success will be difficult. Until they see you, they love you, they will finally remember your last name ... So Nadezhda Babkina has much more advantages than Nadezhda Zasedateleva.

VALERIA Perfilova (Shulgina) Alla

Russian pop singer. The pseudonym was invented by her ex-husband and producer A. Shulgin (perhaps because the name Alla is strongly associated with Alla Pugacheva)

Marina Vladi - Polyakova-Baidarova Marina-Louiza Vladimirovna

French actress and singer. Wife of V. Vysotsky, daughter of opera artist Vladimir Polyakov-Baidarov, a native of the Russian Empire. The pseudonym Vladi Marina took after the death of her father in his honor.

Lada Dance Volkova (Velichkovskaya) Lada

Russian pop singer. The pseudonym Lada Dance was "born" on tour. Sergei Lemokh after the performance announced: "It was Lada! And everything behind her is dance!" those. girls on the dance floor.

Chris Kelmi Kalinkin Anatoly

And he is not the Balts, he just has such a pseudonym. At that time, the Baltic artists were in vogue.

PENCIL Rumyantsev Mikhail Nikolaevich

The famous Soviet clown, he received the nickname Pencil not for his short stature, but came up with it himself when he saw the poster of the French artist Karan d "Ash. (Yes, he really was like that!)

Clara Novikova Herzer Clara Borisovna

Russian pop artist. She changed her surname Herzer to Novikova - (the surname of her first husband) ... but why, if she portrays Aunt Sonya from Odessa?

True, it's interesting - so, for fun.

Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide one's name faded into the background here. Therefore, such pseudonyms can be distinguished into a special group and given the name payzonyms (from the Greek paizein - to joke).

The tradition of funny pseudonyms in Russian literature dates back to the magazines of Catherine's time ("Vsyakaya Vyashachina", "Neither this nor that", "Drone", "Mail of Spirits", etc.). A.P. Sumarokov signed them Akinfiy Sumazbrodov, D. I. Fonvizin - Falaley.

Joking signatures were put at the beginning of the last century even under serious critical articles. One of Pushkin's literary opponents, N. I. Nadezhdin, signed in Vestnik Evropy Ex-student Nikodim Nedoumko And Critic from the Patriarch's Ponds. Pushkin in the "Telescope" two articles directed against F.V. Porfiry Dushegreykina. M. A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the same years acted in the "Northern Mercury" as Evgraf Miksturin.

The comic pseudonyms of those times were a match for the long, wordy book titles. G. F. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko in the Vestnik Evropy (1828) signed: Averyan Curious, out of work collegiate assessor, who is in circulation in litigious cases and in monetary penalties. The poet of the Pushkin galaxy N. M. Yazykov "Journey on a Chukhon pair from Derpt to Revel" (1822) signed: Residing on the slings of the Derpt muses, but intending to eventually lead them by the nose Negulai Yazvikov.

Even longer was this alias: Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov house, author of the cramped stable "fire-breathing ex-president of the old garden, cavalier of three livers and commander of Galimatya. Thus, in 1811, V. A. Zhukovsky signed a comic "Greek ballad, transcribed into Russian manners", under the title "Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, impatience and cabbage." He composed this ballad, which remained unpublished during his lifetime, as a guest at the Muratovo estate near Moscow with his friends Protasovs. No less lengthy and bizarre was the pseudonym of the author of the "critical notes" to the same ballad: Alexander Pleshchepupovich Chernobrysov, real mameluke and bogdykhan, bandmaster of cowpox, privileged galvanist of dog comedy, publisher of topographical descriptions of wigs and gentle componist of various musical bellies, including the note howl attached here. Behind this comic signature was Zhukovsky's friend Pleshcheev.

O. I. Senkovsky "Private letter to the most respectable public about a secret journal called Veselchak" (1858), signed: Ivan Ivanov son of Khokhotenko-Khlopotunov-Pustyakovsky, retired second lieutenant, landowner of various provinces and cavalier of purity.

"History of Yerofey Yerofeyich, the inventor of "Erofeich", an allegorical bitter vodka" (1863) was published on behalf of Russian author, nicknamed the Old Indian Rooster.

N. A. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen(probably from "fuck me!").

Such pseudonyms were constantly used by employees of Iskra, Gudok, and Whistle - press organs that played a significant role in the struggle of revolutionary democrats against autocracy, serfdom and reactionary literature in the 60s and 70s of the last century. Often they added this or that imaginary rank, rank to a fictitious surname, indicated an imaginary profession, striving to create literary masks endowed with attributes of real personalities.

These are the pseudonyms: N. A. Nekrasova - Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin, D. D. Minaeva - Fedor Konyukh, Cook Nikolai Kadov, Lieutenant Khariton Yakobintsev, Junker A, Restaurantov, N. S. Kurochkina - Poet okolodochny(neighborhood was then called the police station), Member of the Madrid Learned Society Tranbrel, other comedians - Poluarshinov’s knife line clerk, Kradilo the Ober-exchange counterfeiter, Taras Kutsiy the landowner, Azbukin the telegraph operator, Fireman Kum, U.R.A. Vodka-alcohol breeder etc.

I. S. Turgenev feuilleton "Six-year-old accuser" signed: Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov, and poems allegedly composed by the six-year-old son of the author - Jeremiah Nedobobov. They ridiculed the shady sides of Russian reality:

Oh, why from infancy, Sorrow about bribes entered my soul! 1

1 ("Spark", 1859, No. 50)

The juvenile accuser exclaimed.

To make readers laugh, old, obsolete names were chosen for pseudonyms in combination with an intricate surname: Varakhasy the Indispensable, Khusdazad Tserebrinov, Ivakhviy Kistochkin, Basilisk of the Cascades, Avvakum Khudodoshensky etc. Young M. Gorky in the Samara and Saratov newspapers of the late 90s was signed by Yehudiel Khlamida.

Gorky's signatures are full of wit in those of his works that were not intended for publication. Beneath one of his letters to his 15-year-old son is: Your father Polycarp Unesibozhenozhkin. On the pages of the home handwritten magazine Sorrento Pravda (1924), on the cover of which Gorky was depicted as a giant plugging the crater of Vesuvius with his finger, he signed Metranpage Goryachkin, Disabled Muses, Osip Tikhovoyev, Aristid Balyk.

Sometimes the comic effect was achieved through a deliberate contrast between the name and surname. Pushkin used this technique, though not to create a pseudonym ("And you, dear singer, Vanyusha Lafontaine ..."), and humorists willingly followed his example, combining foreign names with purely Russian surnames: Jean Khlestakov, Wilhelm Tetkin, Basil Lyalechkin, and vice versa: Nikifor Shelming, etc. Leonid Andreev signed the satire "The Adventures of an Angel of the World" (1917): Horace C. Rutabaga.

Often, for a comic pseudonym, the surname of some famous writer was played up. In Russian humorous magazines there are also Pushkin in a square, and Saratov's Boccaccio, and Rabelais of Samara, and Beranger from Zaryadye, and Schiller from Taganrog, and Ovid with Tom, and Dante from Plyushchikha, and Berne from Berdichev. Heine's name was especially popular: there is Heine from Kharkov, from Arkhangelsk, from Irbit, from Lyuban and even Heine from the stable.

Sometimes the name or surname of a well-known person was changed in such a way as to produce a comic effect: Darry Baldi, Heinrich Genius, Gribselov, Pushechkin, Gogol-Mogol, Pierre de Boborysak(allusion to Boborykin). V. A. Gilyarovsky in "Entertainment" and "News of the Day" signed Emelya Zola.

D. D. Minaev, under the "dramatic fantasy" dedicated to the massacre of a certain Nikita Bezrylov with his wife Literatura and written in the spirit of Shakespeare, staged Tryphon Shakespeare(under Nikita Bezrylov meant A.F. Pisemsky, who used this pseudonym). K. K. Golokhvastov signed the satire "Journey to the Moon of the Merchant Truboletov" (1890), allegedly translated, as it says on the cover, "from French into Nizhny Novgorod", signed Jules Unfaithful, parodying the name and surname of Jules Verne, who has a novel on the same subject.

Sometimes the names of characters in literary works were used as comic pseudonyms. This was done in order to evoke appropriate reminiscences from readers, sometimes having nothing to do with the topic. The main thing is to be funny!

These are the signatures: I. Bashkova - Executor Fried eggs, Midshipman Zhevakin(from Gogol's "Marriage"), D. Minaeva Court counselor Esbuketov(a surname adopted by the serf poet Vidoplyasov from Dostoevsky's story "The Village of Stepanchikovo").

In order to enhance the comic effect, a foreign literary hero was given a Russian "registration": Don Quixote St. Petersburg(D. Minaets), Mephistopheles from Khamovniki(A. V. Amfiteatrov), Figaro from Sushchev, Faust of the Shchigrovsky district and so on.

Type signatures Marquis Pose, Childe Harold, Don Juan, Gulliver, Quasimodo, Lohengrin, Falstaff, Captain Nemo etc. and also Blacksmith Vakula, Taras Bulba, Khoma-philosopher, Repetilov, Poprishchin, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Karas-idealist etc. were ready-made literary masks for humorists. As for the signature Puffer, then it was associated not so much with the surname of Griboedov's character, but with the expression "bar your teeth", that is, laugh.

Chekhov in "Shards" was signed by Ulysses; under the story "In the cemetery" at its second publication, he put Laertes. Chekhov signed a comic letter to the editor of "Oskolkov" Colonel Kochkarev(a hybrid of Colonel Koshkarev from "Dead Souls" and Kochkarev from "Marriage"). In this letter, he addressed the mediocre but prolific playwright D. A. Mansfeld: “Being, like my daughter Zinaida, a lover of theatrics, I have the honor to ask the respected Mr. Mansfeld to compose four comedies, three dramas and two tragedies for household use. more poignantly, for which item after making them I will send three rubles "1 .

1 ("Shards", 1886, No. 3)

The vindictive Mansfeld did not forgive the offense: after Chekhov's death, he spread a rumor that at the very beginning of his literary activity, he brought him, Mansfeld, who was then publishing a magazine, a thick novel, which he allegedly refused to publish.

Chekhov had many comic pseudonyms. Collaborating in "Dragonfly" and other journals of the end of the last century, he signed: Doctor without patients (a hint of his medical diploma), Nut No. 6, Akaki Tarantulov, Kislyaev, Baldastov, Champagne, Man without a spleen etc. He also liked to put joking signatures under letters. Under the epistles to brother Alexander is something your Schiller Shakespeare Goethe, then your father A. Chekhov, then A. Dostoynov-Blagorodnov. Signatures under some letters reflect certain facts from Chekhov's biography. So, your Tsyntsynnatus- a hint at farming in Melikhovo (Cincinnatus is a Roman senator who retired to the village). On the days of his trip to Sakhalin, Chekhov writes to his sister: your Asiatic brother, Homo sachaliensis. Under one letter to A. Suvorin is: Indispensable Member for Dramatic Affairs of the Presence. One letter to his wife signed Academician Toto(a hint at being elected to the Russian Academy), another - your husband A. Actress(a hint that his wife did not leave the stage even after marriage).

Some; comedians had a very large number of funny pseudonyms, under which they collaborated in various magazines and newspapers, without having a permanent literary name. With insufficiently bright talent, the variety of signatures was disastrous for comedians. I. Bashkov, N. Yezhov, A. A. and V. A. Sokolov, S. Gusev, A. Gerson each had 50 - 100 comic pseudonyms, but all of them are firmly and deservedly forgotten, as well as those who wore them. K. A. Mikhailov, an employee of almost all humorous magazines published at the turn of the past and present centuries, outdid everyone in this part; he had as many as 325 pseudonyms, but none of them stayed in the memory of readers.

Sometimes the nature of the comic pseudonym changed along with the political convictions of the author. This happened to the Iskra-born V.P. Burenin, who defected to the reactionary camp and attacked his former comrades-in-arms with such malice that he deserved an epigram:

A dog runs along the Nevsky, Behind her - Burenin, quiet and sweet. Policeman! See, however, that he does not bite her.

In "Iskra" and "Spectator" Burenin signed: Vladimir Monumentov; Mich. Zmiev-Infants; General Adversaries 2nd; Dangerous rival of Mr. Turgenev and even Lieutenant Alexis Republicans. Having switched to the Suvorin "New Time", he began to prefer pseudonyms with titles (aristonyms): Count Alexis Jasminov; Viscount Quebriol Dantrachet.

By means of an aristonym, S. I. Ponomarev wittily encrypted his profession, signing Count Biblio(instead of Bibliographer). And another aristonym - d "Aktil - by the poet A. Frenkel is formed from the name of one of the poetic sizes - dactyl.

Aristonyms on the pages of humorous magazines are very common: all sorts of titled persons frolicked here, fortunately anyone could turn into a noble person here. But they were aristocrats with surnames, one funnier than the other: Prince Ablai-Crazy(D. D. Minaev), Count Antre-Cote, Count de Pavetoire, Count Lapotochkin, Count de Pencil, Baron Klyaks, Baron Rikiki, Baron Dzin, Baron Meow-Meow, Baron von Tarakashkin, Marquis de Pineapple, de Neury, de Trubkokur, de Reseda, d "O "Vris d" O "Nelzya, Marquise Frou-Frou, Marquise K avar d" Ak, Mandarin Lay-on-the-moon, Mandarin Spit-on-everything, Khan Tryn-grass, Amur Pasha, Kefir Pasha, Don Flacon etc.

The invention of a pseudonym, designed for comic effect, required wit and gave a wide field for the imagination of humorists. As soon as they did not refine themselves, coming up with funnier signatures! Dr. Oh, Emil Pup, Erazm Sarkasmov, Not at all, Sam-drink-tea, Chertopuzov, Abracadabra, Begemotkin, Pelmenelyubov, Razlyulimalinsky, Incognitenko, Erundist, Morist, Vsekhdavish, Khrenredkineslashchev, Vdolguneostayuschensky, Charles Atan etc.

"Songs of wine and monopoly" (1906) came out on behalf of Ivan Always-Pyushchensky- a signature that fully corresponded to the content of the book (then the monopoly was the sale of vodka in state-owned wine shops).

Funny captions were also created using the epithet "old": old sparrow(that is, one that you can’t fool on chaff), Old Sinner, Old Bachelor, Old Romantic, Old Raven, Old Hermit, Old Summer Resident and so on.

Sometimes the same comic pseudonym was used by several writers who lived at different, and sometimes at the same time.

Soviet humor magazines of the 20s were full of such signatures, sometimes consonant with the era and the new composition of readers: Savely Oktyabrev, Luka Nazhachny, Ivan Borona, Vanya Gaikin, Vanya Garmoshkin, Neporylov, Ivan Child, Pamfil Golovotyapkin, Glupyshkin(comic type in the cinema), Yevlampy Nadkin, etc. It even came out as an appendix to The Laugher (1926 - 1927) Nadkin's Newspaper, the editor-publisher of which was the "popular adventurer Yevlampy Karpovich Nadkin."

Behind the signature Antipka Bobyl A. G. Malyshkin was hiding in the Penza newspapers, behind the signatures Mitrofan Mustard And Comrade Rasp in "Gudok" - Valentin Kataev. M. M. Zoshchenko signed Gavrila, and under the names Honored Worker M. Konoplyanikov-Zuev and Privatdozent M. Prishchemikhin acted as the author of funny scientific projects like the "cat-bus", "trailer crematorium", etc.

Among the pseudonyms of the young Marshak was weller(the name of Mr. Pickwick's merry servant), and Valentin Kataev signed Oliver Twist(another character of Dickens).

A. M. Goldsnberg ( Argo) parodies in the magazine "At the Literary Post" (1927 - 1930) were signed by May Day Plenums, and in "Evening Moscow" by Semyadei Volbukhin and Elizaveta Vorobei. The poet V. V. Knyazev invented for himself the pseudonym Tovavaknya, which meant "comrade Vasily Vasilyevich Knyazev."

In the future, this tradition almost disappeared. However, in recent years, in connection with humor contests held by the press, the number of funny pseudonyms has begun to grow again, since these contests are often closed and not the names of the authors are put under humoresques, but their mottos, which, in essence, are pseudonyms, usually comic.

Do you know that behind the big names of famous personalities, less well-known, not always easy to remember and beautiful names and surnames can be hidden. Someone has to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, someone believes that fame can only be achieved with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Here is a small list of pseudonyms and real names and surnames of famous writers.

Boris Akunin - Grigory Shalvovich Chkhartishvili (b. 1956). Russian writer, literary critic, translator. All 90s of XX century. writing popular books of the "low genre", that is, detective stories and thrillers, was considered an occupation unworthy of an intelligent person: the author should not be smarter than his works. In addition, as the writer himself admitted in an interview, the merchandisers of bookstores would never pronounce Chkhartishvili's last name anyway. And Boris Akunin speaks easily, and immediately sets the reader who has graduated from school to the classics of the 19th century. "Aku-nin" in Japanese means "bad person", "scoundrel". According to another version, this pseudonym was chosen in honor of the famous Russian anarchist Bakunin.
In 2012, Boris Akunin, in his blog on LiveJournal, confirmed that he was the author hiding under the pseudonym Anatoly Brusnikin. Three historical novels were published under this name: "The Ninth Spas", "A Hero of Another Time" and "Bellona". In addition, he revealed that he is also the author of novels under the female pseudonym Anna Borisova: "There ...", "Creative" and "Vremenagoda

Eduard Bagritsky - Eduard Grigorievich Dzyubin (1895−1934).

Russian poet, translator and playwright. Author of works: "Birdcatcher", "Till Ulenspiegel", "Thought about Opanas", "Smugglers", "Death of a Pioneer" and others. Since 1915, he wrote under the pseudonym "Eduard Bagritsky" and the female mask "Nina Voskresenskaya" began to publish his poems in Odessa literary almanacs. He was published in Odessa newspapers and humorous magazines under the pseudonyms “Someone Vasya”, “Nina Voskresenskaya”, “Rabkor Gortsev”. The author apparently took the pseudonym Bagritsky in honor of his partisan past in the 1st Cavalry Army of Budyonny. He himself characterized his pseudonym as follows: "It sounds like fighting time. It has something from my poems."

Demyan Bedny - Pridvorov Efim Alekseevich (1883−19 450).

Russian and Soviet poet. He wrote a large number of fables, songs, ditties and poems of other genres. A major bibliophile, well versed in the history of the book, collected one of the largest private libraries in the USSR (over 30 thousand volumes). The history of the emergence of his pseudonym is as follows: once the poet brought the poem “About Demyan Bedny, a harmful peasant” to the printing house, and the workers of the printing house greeted his next arrival with exclamations: “Demyan Poor is coming!” This nickname stuck to Pridvorov and later became his pseudonym. By the way, the poet's uncle, a really poor peasant from the Kherson region, was called Demyan.

By the way, Demyan Bedny became one of the prototypes of Ivan Bezdomny in Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita.

Andrey Bely - Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880−1934).

Russian writer, poet, prose writer, critic, memoirist. One of the leading figures of symbolism.

The pseudonym "Andrey Bely", by B. N. Bugaev's own admission, was invented by his friend's father Mikhail Solovyov, who was the son of the famous historian, author of the multi-volume "History of Russia from Ancient Times" Sergei Solovyov. White is a sacred, comforting color, which is a harmonious combination of all colors - the favorite color of Vladimir Solovyov.

Kir (Kirill) Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko (1934−2003). Science fiction writer Doctor of Historical Sciences, member of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The author of more than 200 works, including: a cycle about the girl Alice, a cycle about the great city of Guslyar, the adventures of Dr. Pavlysh and many others. Laureate of the Aelita Science Fiction Prize, Chevalier of the Order of the Science Fiction Knights.

He published his fantastic works exclusively under a pseudonym, which was composed of the name of his wife (Kira) and the maiden name of the writer's mother. The writer kept his real name secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious occupation, and was afraid that after the disclosure of the pseudonym he would be fired. Sometimes other pseudonyms were used: Mints Lev Khristoforovich, Lozhkin Nikolai, Maun Sein Gee.

Agatha Christie
Mary Westmacott (Westmacott) is the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detectives, Agatha Christie, under which she released 6 psychological novels: "Giants' Bread", "Unfinished Portrait", "Split in the Spring" ("Missing in the Spring"), "Rose and Yew" , “A daughter is a daughter”, “Burden” (“The burden of love”).

Volodin Alexander Moiseevich - Lifshits Alexander Moiseevich (1919 - 2001).

Playwright, novelist, screenwriter. According to his scripts, performances were staged and films were made: "Five Evenings", "Big Sister", "Assignment", "Do not part with your loved ones", "Dulcinea of ​​Toboso", "Two Arrows" and many others.

The pseudonym was formed from the name of Volodya's son.

Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich (1904−1941). Soviet children's writer, one of the founders of modern children's literature, author of the stories "Timur and his team", "Chuk and Gek", "The Fate of the Drummer", etc. An active participant in the Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the army as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda, was a machine gunner in a partisan detachment, and died in battle.

There are two versions of the origin of the pseudonym Gaidar. The first, which has become widespread, is "gaidar" - in Mongolian "a rider galloping in front." According to another version, Arkady Golikov could have taken the name Gaidar as his own: in Bashkiria and Khakassia, where he visited, the names Gaidar (Heidar, Khaidar, etc.) are very common. This version was supported by the writer himself.

Galperin
Nora Gal - Galperina Eleonora Yakovlevna (1912-1991). Russian translator. Translated from English and French over 1000 works - "The Little Prince" and "Planet of Men" by Saint-Exupery, "The Outsider" by A. Camus, stories by R. Bradbury, J. London, S. Maugham, Edgar Allan Poe, etc.

Galperina herself explained the origin of the pseudonym as follows: “There are a lot of Galperins, the surname is so common that at the institute and graduate school I turned out to be the namesake of my supervisor, I began to publish in that magazine. It would be very unpleasant for her, but, fortunately, even earlier and in another as I was already published under the school "nickname" - an abbreviation, as was common in the 20s, and so it went: Gal.

Rasul Gamzatov - Tsadasa Rasul Gamzatovich (1923-2003).

Avar poet, national poet of Dagestan.

He chose the pseudonym by the name of his father, also a poet, Gamzat Tsadasa. At first, Rasul signed poems with his father's pseudonym, Tsadas. But once a highlander, who did not know that Rasul wrote poetry, said to him: “Listen, what happened to your respected father? Previously, having read his poems only once, I memorized them right away, but now I can’t even understand! " And then Rasul decided to make his father's name his last name and began to sign Rasul Gamzatov.

Maxim Gorky - Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov (1868−1936). Russian and Soviet writer. The author of the well-known works "Song of the Petrel", "Mother", "The Life of Klim Samgin", etc.

He associated himself and his work with the bitterness of life and the bitterness of truth - hence the pseudonym. At the very beginning of his literary career, he also wrote feuilletons in the Samarskaya Gazeta under the pseudonym Yehudiel Khlamida. M. Gorky himself emphasized that the correct pronunciation of his last name is Peshkov, although almost everyone pronounces it as Peshkov.

Alexander Grin - Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880−1932).

Russian writer, prose writer, representative of the direction of romantic realism, author of the novels "Scarlet Sails", "Running on the Waves", "Golden Chain", etc.

The writer's pseudonym was the childhood nickname Green - this is how the long surname Grinevsky was shortened at school.

Daniel Defoe - Daniel Fo (1660-1731).

English writer and essayist, best known as the author of The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe... De Fo is the surname of Daniel's ancestors. After several generations, the prefix De was lost, the family surname was transformed into the English manner, and the former Defoe began to be called simply Fo. In 1695, the beginning writer returns her to her place. The reason was that Daniel decides to hide under a different name, because he had to hide from the authorities for participating in the uprising. And then from Daniel Fo he becomes Daniel Defoe. Although this surname is not entirely alien, it is not the same as that of his parents.

Musa Jalil - Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (1906−1944).

Tatar Soviet poet. The most famous work is the Maobit Notebook.

For participation in an underground organization, Musa was executed in a military prison in Berlin. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Jalil in translation from the Tatar language means: "great", "respected", "famous".

Elena Ilyina - Liya Yakovlevna Preis (1901-1964).

Soviet writer, sister of S. Ya. Marshak. She wrote a lot for children, the author of poems, poetic fairy tales, stories, essays. Author of the story "The Fourth Height".

I took the pseudonym out of solidarity with my brother, who for some time wrote under the pseudonym M. Ilyin.

Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf - Ilya Fainzilberg (1897−1937).

The pseudonym is formed from part of the name and the first letter of the surname: Ilya Fainzilberg.

Veniamin Kaverin - Veniamin Zilber (1902-1989).

About his pseudonym, the writer said that “the surname Kaverin ... took, referring to Pushkin's friend, a dashing hussar. I was impressed by his courage and courage.”

Kozma (Petrovich) Prutkov (1803-1863) - a literary mask, under which they appeared in the magazines Sovremennik, Iskra and others in the 50s and 60s. 19th century Poets Alexei Tolstoy, brothers Alexei, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikovs, as well as Pyotr Ershov.

Carlo Collodi - Carlo Lorenzini (1826-1890).

Lorenzini participated in the national liberation movement, so he needed a pseudonym. He began to sign his works "Carlo Collodi" - after the name of the town (town) where his mother was born.

Janusz Korczak - Ersh Henryk Goldschmit (1878-1942).

An outstanding Polish teacher, writer, doctor and public figure. In the Nazi concentration camp Treblinka, he refused a last-minute offer of freedom and chose to stay with the children, accepting death with them in the gas chamber.

G. Goldshmit borrowed his pseudonym from the hero of Yu. Kraszewski's novel "The Story of Janasz Korczak and the Daughter of the Sword." In the printing house, the compositor accidentally changed Janasz to Janusz, the writer liked this name and stayed with him for the rest of his life.

Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832−1898).

The pseudonym is formed on the basis of the "translation" of the real name into Latin and the reverse "translation" from Latin into English. Lewis Carroll signed all his mathematical and logical works under his real name, and all his literary works under a pseudonym.

Lazar Iosifovich Lagin - Ginzburg Lazar Iosifovich (1903−1979).

Jack London - John Griffith Cheney (1876-1916)

Max Fry is the literary pseudonym of two authors - the writer Svetlana Martynchik (b. 1965) and the artist Igor Styopin (b. 1967).

The Echo Labyrinths and Echo Chronicles series includes about 40 stories, which tells in the first person about the adventures of an ordinary, at first glance, young man who dramatically changes his life, agreeing to the proposal of his new acquaintance from dreams - to move to another world and enter his service.
Thus, Max Frei is both a pseudonym and the main character.

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887−1964).

Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator, literary critic.
The surname "Marshak" is an abbreviation meaning "Our teacher Rabbi Aaron Shmuel Kaidanover" and belongs to the descendants of this famous rabbi.

In his work, S. Ya. Marshak used the following pseudonyms: Dr. Friken, Weller, S. Kuchumov, S. Yakovlev. The last pseudonym is a patronym formed by the name of the poet's father. The pseudonym "Weller" Marshak signed in his youth. Weller is the surname of the merry servant of Mr. Pickwick, a character in the Charles Dickens novel The Pickwick Papers.

O. Henry - William Sidney Porter (1862−1910).

American novelist. While serving a prison term, Porter worked in the infirmary and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym for himself. In the end, he settled on the O. Henry variant (often misspelled like an Irish surname, O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the secular news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Oliver (the French name Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Oliver Henry. According to other sources, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Ocean Henri, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.

Leonid Panteleev - Alexei Ivanovich Eremeev (1908−1987).

Russian writer, author of the works "The Republic of ShKID", "Lenka Panteleev".
Being in an orphanage, Alexei was distinguished by such a sharp temper that he received the nickname Lyonka Panteleev, after the famous Petrograd raider of those years. He left it as a literary pseudonym.

Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev.

Russian writer who co-wrote "12 chairs", "The Golden Calf" with Ilf.
The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to use his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym formed from his father's name.

Boris Polevoy - Borukh (Boris) Nikolaevich Kampov (1908−1981).

Soviet writer, whose fame was brought by The Tale of a Real Man.
The pseudonym Polevoy was born as a result of the proposal of one of the editors to “translate the Kampov surname from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian.

Joan Kathleen Rowling (J. K. Rowling) - Joanna Murray Rowling (b. 1965).

English writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels.
Before the first publication, the publisher feared that boys would be reluctant to buy a book written by a woman. Therefore, Rowling was asked to use her initials instead of her full name. At the same time, the publisher wanted the initials to consist of two letters. Rowling chose her grandmother's name, Kathleen, for her middle initial.

Other pseudonyms of JK Rowling: Newt Scamander, Kennylworthy Wisp.

Rybakov Anatoly Naumovich - Aronov Anatoly Naumovich (1911-1998).

George Sand - Amanda Aurora Dupin (1804-1876).

Svetlov Mikhail - Sheinkman Mikhail Arkadievich (1903−1964).

Igor Severyanin - Lotarev Igor Vladimirovich (1887−1941).

Poet of the Silver Age.
The pseudonym Severyanin emphasizes the "northern" origin of the poet (he was born in the Vologda province).

According to another version, in his youth he went with his father on a trip to the Far East. This trip inspired the poet - hence the pseudonym Severyanin.

Sef Roman Semyonovich - Roald Semyonovich Firemark (1931−2009).

Children's poet, writer, playwright, translator.
Sef is the party pseudonym of the writer's father, Semyon Efimovich Fairmark.

Tim Sobakin - Andrey Viktorovich Ivanov (b. 1958).

Russian writer, author of prose and poems for children.
Andrei Ivanov has a lot of pseudonyms. The writer explained their appearance as follows: “When I felt that not today or tomorrow my poems could be published, I thought about a pseudonym. But nothing good came to my mind. And on May 1, 1983, I accidentally saw a children's film on TV. Gaidar. There, at the end, a boy stands in front of the squadron, so thin ... And the commander solemnly: "For the courage and heroism I express gratitude to Grigory ... what is your last name?" "And I immediately realized: this is mine. Especially when my mother reminded me that I was born in the year of the Dog. In addition, I love these faithful creatures that do not betray. In Japan, the dog is a symbol of justice. And then I was Tikhon Khobotov and Terenty Psov, and Savva Bakin, Nika Bosmit (Tim Sobakin vice versa), AndrushkaYvanov, Sidor Tyaff, Stepan Timokhin, Sim Tobakin and others.

Mark Twain - Samuel Lenghorne Clemens (1835-1910)

American writer, journalist and social activist, author of the novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Clemens claimed that the pseudonym "Mark Twain" was taken by him in his youth from the terms of river navigation. Then he was a pilot's assistant on the Mississippi, and the cry "marktwain" ("marktwain" literally - "mark two fathoms") meant that, according to the mark on the lotlin, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels had been reached.
In addition to Mark Twain, Clemens signed once in 1896 as Sieur Louis de Comte (under this name he published his novel Personal Memoirs of Jeanne d'Arxière Louis de Comte, her page and secretary).

Pamela (Lyndon) Travers (P. L. Travers) - Helen Lyndon Goff (1899-1996).

English writer, best known as the author of the Mary Poppins series of children's books.
At first she tried herself on stage (Pamela is a stage name), playing exclusively in Shakespeare's plays, but then her passion for literature won, and she devoted herself completely to writing, publishing her works under the pseudonym "P. L. Travers" (the first two initials were used to hide the female name is a common practice for English-speaking writers).

Teffi - Lokhvitskaya Nadezhda Aleksandrovna (1872−1952).

Russian writer, poetess, author of satirical poems and feuilletons.
She explained the origin of her pseudonym as follows: she knew a certain stupid person named Stefan, whom the servant called Steffi. Believing that stupid people are usually happy, she took this nickname as a pseudonym for herself, shortening it "for the sake of delicacy" to "Taffy".

Another version of the origin of the pseudonym is offered by researchers of Teffi's work, according to which the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies, feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author. There is also a version that Teffi took her pseudonym because her sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, who was called "Russian Sappho", was printed under her real name.

Erin Hunter is the common pseudonym of four British writers who wrote the Warrior Cats, Wanderers, and Survivors book series.

Cherith Baldry (1947), author of Forest of Secrets, Dangerous Path, Battle for the Forest, Message, Midnight, Moonrise, Starlight, Twilight, Sunset, Les Misérables, Long Shadows, and Sunrise from the Warrior Cats series, as well as books from the Wanderers series.

Victoria Holmes (b. 1975), editor and author of Tribal Heroes (Warrior Cats series).

Daniil Kharms - Yuvachev Daniil Ivanovich (1905−1942).

Russian writer and poet.
About 40 different pseudonyms are found in the writer's manuscripts: Khharms, Khaarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others.

The pseudonym "Kharms" (a combination of the French "charm" - charm, charm and the English "harm" - harm) most accurately reflected the essence of the writer's attitude to life and work.

Joanna Khmelevskaya - Irena Barbara Joanna Becker (b. 1932)

A well-known Polish writer, author of women's ironic detective stories (more than 60: "Wedge with a wedge", "What the dead man said", "Everything is red or a crime in Allerod", "Forest", "Harpies", "Ancestral Wells" and many others.) and the founder of this genre for Russian readers.
The pseudonym is the surname of the great-grandmother.

Sasha Cherny - Glikberg Alexander Mikhailovich (1880−1932).

Poet.
The family had five children, two of whom were named Sasha. The blond was called "White", the brunette - "Black". Hence the pseudonym.

Korney Chukovsky - Korneychukov Nikolai Vasilyevich (1882−1969).

Russian writer, poet, translator, literary critic.
The pseudonym of the poet is formed from the division of the surname: Korneichukov Korney Chukovsky

Representatives of creative professions often use pseudonyms, the reasons for this can be very different, I have always wondered why people take a different name for themselves, and in general it is surprising to find out that the name of the writer you are used to is not real. I decided to compile a selection of famous writers who used a pseudonym.

1. Boris Akunin, aka Anatoly Brusnikin and Anna Borisova - pseudonyms of Grigory Chkhartishvili

Initially, he published his works as B. Akunin. The Japanese word "akunin" (jap. 悪人), according to one of the heroes of the novel "Diamond Chariot", is translated as "scoundrel, villain", but of gigantic proportions, in other words, an outstanding personality standing on the side of evil. And it was precisely such villains that Erast Fandorin met throughout his career. Deciphering "B" as "Boris" appeared a few years later, when the writer began to be interviewed frequently.

He publishes critical and documentary works under his real name.

2. George Sand - real name Amandine Aurora Lucile Dupin, married - Baroness Dudevant.

At the beginning of her writing career, Aurora wrote with Jules Sando (French novelist): the novels "The Commissioner" (1830), "Rose and Blanche" (1831), which had great success with readers, came out for his signature, since Casimir Dudevant's stepmother ( husband of Aurora) did not want to see her name on the covers of books. Already on her own, Aurora began a new work on the novel "Indiana", the theme of which was the opposition of a woman looking for ideal love, a sensual and conceited man. Sando approved the novel, but refused to sign someone else's text. Aurora chose a male pseudonym: it became for her a symbol of deliverance from the slave position to which modern society doomed a woman. Keeping the surname Sand, she added the name Georges.

3. Richard Bachman is the pseudonym under which Stephen King published The Fury, The Long Walk, Roadworks, The Running Man, and Losing Weight.

There are two versions of the reasons that prompted King to take a pseudonym. The first is to see if his alter ego can achieve the same success as himself. The second explanation is that the publishing standards of the time allowed only one book per year. The surname Bachman was not taken by chance, he is a fan of the Bachman-Turner Overdrive musical group.

4. Joe Hill Real name - Joseph Hillstrom King, son of Stephen King.

Wanting to achieve literary success on his own, without using the fame of his father's name, he adopted the pseudonym "Joe Hill". It was both short for his real name Joseph and his middle name Hillstrom, and alluded to the man after whom, in fact, he received the name Joseph Hillstrom - a famous American labor activist of the early XX century and songwriter Joe Hill, who was unjustly accused of murdered and executed in an American prison in 1915.

5. Robert Galbraith is the pseudonym of JK Rowling, used for the Cormoran Strike detective cycle.

According to Rowling herself, the publication of the book under a pseudonym relieved her of the pressure to meet the expectations of readers and meet the fixed level of quality, and, on the contrary, made it possible to hear criticism of a work that does not contain her name. She told the Sunday Times magazine that she hoped that her involvement in writing the novel would not be revealed soon.

The publisher's website claimed that Robert Galbraith is the pseudonym of a former member of the Royal Military Police's Special Investigations Department, who quit in 2003 and moved into the private security business.

6. George Elliot real name Mary Ann Evans

Like many other writers of the 19th century (George Sand, Marco Vovchok, the Bronte sisters - “Carrer, Ellis and Acton Bell”, Krestovsky-Khvoshchinskaya) - Mary Evans used a male pseudonym in order to arouse a serious attitude towards her writings in the public and taking care of the inviolability his personal life. (In the 19th century, her writings were translated into Russian without disclosing a pseudonym, which was inclined like a male name and surname: "George Eliot's novel").

7. Kir Bulychev real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko

Published fantastic works exclusively under a pseudonym. The first fantasy work, the story "The Debt of Hospitality", was published as a "translation of the story of the Burmese writer Maun Sein Ji". Subsequently, Bulychev used this name several more times, but most of the fantastic works were published under the pseudonym "Kirill Bulychev" - the pseudonym was composed of the name of his wife - Kira and the maiden name of the writer's mother. Subsequently, the name "Kirill" on the covers of books began to be written in abbreviated form - "Kir." There was also a combination of Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev. The writer kept his real name secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious occupation, and was afraid that after the disclosure of the pseudonym he would be fired.

8. Arkady Gaidar, real name Golikov

Vladimir Soloukhin in the artistic and publicistic book "Salt Lake" cites a story according to which the pseudonym "Gaidar" is associated with the activities of A.P. Golikov in the position of head of the 2nd combat region of the CHON of the Achinsk district of the Yenisei province (now the Republic of Khakassia) in 1922-1924 years:

“Gaidar,” Misha said slowly, as usual, “the word is purely Khakassian. Only correctly it sounds not "Gaidar", but "Khaidar"; and it means not “going forward” and not “forward-looking”, but simply “where”. And this word stuck to him because he asked everyone: “Haydar?” That is, where to go? He did not know any other Khakas words.

The name "Gaidar" reminded the writer of his school years, meaning that "G" in this name meant "Golikov", "ay" - "Arkady", and "dar", as if echoing the hero of Alexander Dumas D'Artagnan, "in the French manner" meant "from Arzamas". Thus, the name "Gaidar" stands for "Golikov Arkady from Arzamas".

The third version of the origin of the pseudonym and surname: from the Ukrainian "gaidar" is a shepherd of sheep. Arkady Golikov's childhood is connected with the Gaidars, as he spent several summer months with them for several years in a row. He liked these places and childhood memories so much that he chose the pseudonym Arkady Gaidar.

9. Teffi Real name Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya

For the first time, the name Teffi (still without initials) appears in the 51st issue of the Theater and Art magazine, in December 1901 (this is the second publication of the writer). Perhaps Teffi took a pseudonym because, long before the start of her literary activity, her older sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, whom critics called the "Russian Sappho", gained fame. (By the beginning of her literary career, Teffi had already divorced her first husband, by whom she bore the surname Buchinskaya). According to the researchers of Teffi's work, E. M. Trubilova and D. D. Nikolaev, the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies, feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author.

The version of the origin of the pseudonym is stated by the writer herself in the story "Pseudonym". She did not want to sign her texts with a male name, as contemporary writers often did: “I didn’t want to hide behind a male pseudonym. Cowardly and cowardly. It is better to choose something incomprehensible, neither this nor that. But what? You need a name that would bring happiness. Best of all is the name of some fool - fools are always happy. She “remembered one fool, really excellent and, in addition, one who was lucky, which means that fate itself recognized him as an ideal fool. His name was Stepan, and his family called him Steffi. Having discarded the first letter out of delicacy (so that the fool would not become arrogant), "the writer "decided to sign her play" Teffi "". After the successful premiere of this play, in an interview with a journalist, when asked about her pseudonym, Teffi replied that "this is ... the name of one fool ... that is, such a surname." The journalist remarked that he was "told it was from Kipling." Taffy, who remembered such a name from Kipling, as well as the song "Taffy was a walesman / Taffy was a thief ..." from Trilby, agreed with this version.

10. Mark Twain Real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens

Clemens claimed that the pseudonym Mark Twain was taken by him in his youth from the terms of river navigation. Then he was a pilot's assistant on the Mississippi, and the cry "mark twain" (English mark twain, literally - "mark deuce") meant that, according to the mark on the lotlin, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels was reached - 2 fathoms (≈ 3 .7 m).

However, there is a version about the literary origin of this pseudonym: in 1861, Vanity Fair published a humorous story by Artemus Ward (Artemus Ward) (real name Charles Brown) "Northern Star" about three sailors, one of whom was named Mark Twain. Samuel was very fond of the comic section of this magazine and read Ward's works in his first speeches.

In addition to "Mark Twain", Clemens signed once in 1896 as "Sir Louis de Comte" (fr. Sieur Louis de Conte) - under this name he published his novel "Personal Memories of Joan of Arc by Sir Louis de Comte, her page and secretary.

11. Max Frei is a literary pseudonym of two authors - Svetlana Martynchik and Igor Styopin

The book cycle was written by Svetlana Martynchik in collaboration with Igor Stepin and published under the pseudonym "Max Fry". The authors maintained some anonymity by not revealing a pseudonym and not appearing in public precisely as the authors of the novels (while they were known as artists). On the site "Physiognomy of the Russian Internet" under the name of Max Fry, there was a portrait of an unknown black man. Together with the jokes of the Azbuka publishing house that Max Fry is a blue-eyed black man, this served as food for rumors that “literary blacks” write under a pseudonym.

My pseudonym was chosen precisely because of my hero. I wanted the name of the author and the name of the character from whom the story is being told to match. Svetlana Martynchik

Maria Zakharova notes that the language game characteristic of Max Frei's texts also manifests itself in the choice of a pseudonym: "for example, Max Frei - max frei (German) -" maximally free "" and "it is important to note that both Max Frei and Holm Van Zaichik - fictitious, “game”, pseudonyms of Russian-speaking authors"""

12. O. Henry real name William Sidney Porter

In prison, Porter worked in the infirmary as a pharmacist (a rare profession in prison came in handy) and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym for himself. In the end, he settled on the O. Henry variant (often spelled incorrectly like the Irish surname O'Henry - O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the secular news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Olivier (the French name for Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Olivier Henry.

According to others, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Ocean Henry, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.

Another hypothesis was put forward by the writer and scientist Guy Davenport: “Oh. Henry" is nothing more than an abbreviation of the name of the prison where the author was imprisoned - Ohio Penitentiary (Ohio State Penitentiary). Also known as the Arena District, which burned to the ground on April 21, 1930.

Al Jennings, who was in prison with Porter and became famous as the author of the book Through the Darkness with O. Henry , where there are such lines: "The beloved returned at 12 o'clock. Tell me, about Henry, what is the sentence?" .

There is an opinion that “The famous American writer W. Porter took the pseudonym O. Henry in honor of the physicist J. Henry, whose name was constantly pronounced with admiration by the school teacher: “Oh! Henry! It was he who discovered that the discharge of a capacitor through a coil is oscillatory! "" His first story under this pseudonym - "Dick the Whistler's Christmas Present", published in 1899 in McClure's Magazine - he wrote in prison.

13. George Orwell. Real name Eric Arthur Blair

Starting with the story based on autobiographical material "Pounds of dashing in Paris and London" (1933), he published under the pseudonym "George Orwell".

14. Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov

Ilya Ilf - Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg The pseudonym is formed from part of the name and the first letter of the surname: ILYA Fainzilberg. Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to use his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym formed from his father's name.

15. Alexander Grin real name Grinevsky

The writer's pseudonym was the childhood nickname Green - this is how the long surname Grinevsky was shortened at school.

16. Fannie Flagg Real name Patricia Neal

At the beginning of her acting career, she had to change her name, because despite the sonority, the Oscar winner was also called.

17. Lazar Lagin Real name Ginzburg

Pseudonym Lagin - short for Lazar Ginzburg - the name and surname of the writer.

18. Boris Polevoy Real name Kampov

The pseudonym Polevoy was obtained as a result of the proposal of one of the editors to “translate the Kampov surname from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian. One of the few pseudonyms invented not by the carrier, but by other persons.

19. Daniil Kharms Real name Yuvachev

Around 1921-1922, Daniil Yuvachev chose the pseudonym "Kharms" for himself. Researchers have put forward several versions of its origin, finding its origins in English, German, French, Hebrew, Sanskrit. It should be noted that in the writer's manuscripts there are about forty pseudonyms (Khharms, Khaarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others). When applying for entry into the All-Russian Union of Poets on October 9, 1925, Kharms answers the questions of the questionnaire in the following way:

1. Surname, name, patronymic: "Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev-Kharms"

2. Literary pseudonym: "No, I'm writing Kharms"

20. Maxim Gorky real name - Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov

The pseudonym M. Gorky first appeared on September 12, 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper "Kavkaz" in the caption to the story "Makar Chudra". Subsequently, the author said: “Don’t write to me in literature - Peshkov ...”

21. Lewis Carroll real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

This pseudonym was coined on the advice of the publisher and writer Yates. It is formed from the real names of the author "Charles Lutwidge", which are correspondences of the names "Karl" (lat. Carolus) and "Louis" (lat. Ludovicus). Dodgson chose other English equivalents of the same names and swapped them.

22. Veniamin Kaverin real name Zilber

The pseudonym "Kaverin" was taken by him in honor of the hussar P.P. Kaverin, a friend of the young Pushkin, bred by him under his own name in the first chapter of "Eugene Onegin"

23. Voltaire's real name is François-Marie Arouet

Voltaire - an anagram of "Arouet le j (eune)" - "Arue the younger" (Latin spelling - AROVETLI

24. Kozma Prutkov

The literary mask under which the poets Aleksey Tolstoy (the largest contribution in quantitative terms), the brothers Aleksey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikovs (in fact, the collective pseudonym of all four)

25. Stendhal's real name is Marie-Henri Beyle

As a pseudonym, he took the name of Winckelmann's hometown, the laurels of which he claimed. Why Frederick is often added to the pseudonym Stendhal is a mystery.

26. Alberto Moravia

His real surname was Pinkerle, and his later pseudonym Moravia was the surname of his Jewish paternal grandmother.

27. Alexandra Marinina real name - Marina Anatolyevna Alekseeva

In 1991, Marina Alekseeva, together with her colleague Alexander Gorkin, wrote the detective story "Six-winged Seraphim", which was published in the magazine "Police" in the fall of 1992. The story was signed with the pseudonym "Alexandra Marinina", made up of the names of the authors.

28. Andrey Platonov - real name Andrey Platonovich Klimentov

In the 1920s, he changed his surname from Klimentov to Platonov (a pseudonym derived from the name of the writer's father).

29. Eduard Limonov real name Savenko

The pseudonym "Limonov" was invented by cartoonist Vagrich Bakhchanyan

30. Joseph Kell - under this pseudonym, the novel "Inside Mr. Enderby" by Anthony Burgess was released

Fun fact - the editor of the newspaper where Burgess worked didn't know that he was the author of Inside Mr. Enderby, so he assigned Burgess to write a review - thus the author wrote a review of his own book.

31. Toni Morrison Real name - Chloe Ardelia Wofford

While studying at Harvard, she acquired the pseudonym "Tony" - a derivative of her middle name Anthony, which, according to her, was given to her when she converted to Catholicism at the age of 12

32. Vernon Sullivan

The pseudonym of Boris Vian, who used 24 pseudonyms, Vernon Sullivan is the most famous of them.

33. André Maurois Real name - Emil Erzog

Subsequently, the pseudonym became his official name.

34. Mary Westmacott (Westmacott)- the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detectives, Agatha Christie, under which she released 6 psychological novels: "The Giants' Bread", "An Unfinished Portrait", "Separated in the Spring" ("Missing in the Spring"), "Rose and Yew", "Daughter is a daughter "," Burden "(" The burden of love ").

35. Molière's real name is Jean-Baptiste Poquelin

36. Yuz Aleshkovsky real name Joseph Efimovich Aleshkovsky

37. Sirin V. - pseudonym of Vladimir Nabokov

38. Pamela Travers real name Helen Lyndon Goff

39. Daria Dontsova - real name - Agrippina

40. Knut Hamsun real name Knud Pedersen

41. Anatole France real name - Francois Anatole Thibaut

42. Daniel Defoe - real name Fo

43. Ayn Rand, nee Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum

44. Irving Stone real name Tennenbaum

Municipal educational institution of the city of Noyabrsk

"Secondary school No. 5"

Research

Riddles of pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets

Completed by: students of grades 6B, 9B

Project Manager:

Sabinina I.A., teacher

Russian language and literature

2016

Content:

I. Introduction. From the history of pseudonyms……………………………………………………..3

II. Main part……………………………………………………………………………4

1. The theoretical aspect of the study of pseudonyms……………………………………..5

1.1. The science of anthroponymy……………………………………………………………………...6

1.2. Definition of "pseudonym". Different approaches to the definition…………7

1.3. Types of aliases. Ways of their formation, classification. Causes

appearance and use of pseudonyms…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1.4. Reasons for the emergence and use of pseudonyms ……………………………………9

2. Literary pseudonyms…………………………………………………………………10

2.1. Pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets……………………………………………….11

3 . Aliases in the modern world…………………………………………………………..12

III. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 13

I.Y. Bibliography……………………………………………………………………..14

Y . Applications……………………………………………………………………………...15

The motive for choosing the research topic and the relevance of the study.

One of the most important sections of modern Russian onomastics is anthroponymy - the science of naming person, which includes personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames, pseudonyms, etc. Names, patronymics, surnames have long been the subject of interested attention of scientists, they are collected, described and studied in various aspects. Pseudonyms are a large layer of unofficial naming- have not yet been sufficiently explored in terms of language theories, so they represent a special linguistic interest.

By exploring this topic and focusing only on writers and poets, we hope that some of our peers will look at such a subject as a book in a completely different way, perhaps that a teenager who never reads anything will want to read something. Therefore, we consider that subject our research relevant enough .

The purpose of the research work is:

the study of a significant layer of literary pseudonyms used by Russian writers and poets;

study of the reasons for the appearance of pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets, their classification according to the methods of formation ;

finding out the reasons why people give up their real name and take pseudonyms.

Research objectives:

1) consider different approaches to the definition of the concept alias;

2) to study the origins and causes of pseudonyms;

3) determine the ways of forming aliases;

4) identify the most popular literary pseudonyms of Russian writers

and poets;

5) having studied the biography of poets and writers, find out what pseudonyms they signed their works with;

6) find out the main reasons that prompt them to take a pseudonym;

7) find out how relevant the use of pseudonyms is in modern times. The object of the study is section of the science of anthroponymy - pseudonyms (the science of false names), the names of famous Russian writers.

Subject of study : pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets, whose work is studied in grades 5-11 under the program of V.Ya.Korovina.

During the work, the following research methods :

theoretical (analysis of facts from literary and Internet sources, generalization of material);

mathematical (statistical processing of the material).

The practical significance of the research work: materials and results of the work can be used in the lessons in the course of teaching the Russian language and literature at school.

Hypothesis: pseudonyms allow a more complete presentation of the history of literature, a closer look at the biography and work of writers.

1. Introduction.

From early childhood and throughout life, a person does not hear a single word as often as his name. And what is a name, why is it needed and how does it affect our lives? After all, the name is what remains after us.

The name of a person is shrouded in a veil of secrets. Maria, Elena, Anna, Dmitry, Anton, Oleg… What is it? Just names that allow us not to get lost in the crowd, or something more - our own path, winding, not quite distinct?

What is hidden behind the name that we receive at birth, like a fragile and expensive gift, and is it possible, knowing the name, to highlight from the darkness at least the outlines of a person’s life path? There is no consensus on this matter - there are only assumptions and versions.

People had personal names at all times. Each person can be called only by name, thanks to the name all his good and bad deeds become known.

Choosing a name is a serious task, because it is given to a person for the rest of his life.

In our country, it is customary for a person, immediately after birth, to receive a first name, patronymic and surname. But throughout our lives, many of us acquire second names: pseudonyms, nicknames or nicknames.

Sometimes, additional names in terms of frequency of use come out on top, thereby displacing the first name, patronymic and last name given by parents at the birth of their child. Previously, people were proud of their names and surnames, because they associated them with their ancestors and their great achievements. Why do so many of us try to forget about it? Why do we give ourselves a new alternate name?

Who first came up with aliases, not known for sure. But there is a widespread opinion on this topic. Our ancestors believed in the mysterious power of the name over the fate of a person.

It was believed that the name can protect a person from evil spirits, therefore

it turns out that the first aliases appeared along with the name. The child was given two names: one, by which everyone called him, and the second, the real one, which was known only to the priests (clergymen), parents and the person himself. Thus, all the names that were in use were in fact pseudonyms.

2. What is an alias? From the history of pseudonyms.

In linguistics, there is a special section devoted to the "art of giving names" - onomastics and its "daughter" - anthroponymy, the science of human names.

“A name is the sweetest sound for a person in any language,” wrote renowned psychologist Dale Carnegie. All people in all civilizations had personal names. What he said remains true to this day. Each person has a name, and each name, whether its owner likes it or not, contains a huge amount of information about its carrier.
The results of the study indicate that most of the writers whose works are offered for study by the school curriculum had pseudonyms. Why did they do this? What are their motives?

Alias ​​(pseudos - lie, onyma - Name; Greek) - a fictitious name or conventional sign with which the author signs his work. A pseudonym replaces the real name or surname of the author, sometimes both.

The law does not allow the disclosure of a pseudonym without the consent of the author, except in cases where the pseudonym is used to falsify authorship.The science of pseudonyms is sometimes called pseudonomastics.

The custom of replacing one's name with another arose long ago, even before the invention of printing. Who was the first writer to use a pseudonym is not known for certain. But nicknames are even older than pseudonyms. Sometimes nicknames became literary names, regardless of the will of their bearers.

The real names of the creators of many wonderful epic works have not come down to us, but we know the nicknames of their authors.

So, one of the first Indian poets who wrote the Ramayana (5th century BC) is known as Valmiki, i.e. "anthill" (in Sanskrit). Where does such a strange nickname come from? The legend says that in his youth he was engaged in robbery, and in his old age, having repented and becoming a hermit, he sat so motionless for many years that the ants built their dwelling on him ...

We do not know the real name of the ancient Indian poet, whose drama "Shakuntala" (about love

king and a simple girl) gained worldwide fame. We only know the name of the author -

Kalidasa, that is, the slave of Kali, the goddess who personified the birth and death of all living things.

Some nicknames were associated with the appearance of the author. So, the first ancient Roman poet, whose works have survived to our time, is known not as Appius Claudius, but as Appius Claudius the Blind.

The name of the famous Roman speaker - Cicero - a nickname received for a wart (cicero - pea), the Ancient Roman poets Ovid and Horace also had third names that marked the features of their appearance: the first - Nason (nosed); the second - Flakk (lop-eared).

Sometimes the nickname emphasized some trait in the character of the author, his life or work. So, the Roman fabulist, who first introduced the genre of satire into literature, where people were depicted under the guise of animals, was nicknamed Phaedrus (in Greek - cheerful). He lived in the first century AD. e.

In ancient times, when surnames did not yet exist, the names of the authors could coincide, which caused confusion. So, in ancient Greek literature there are as many as four Philostratus, which have to be distinguished by numbers: Philostratus I, Philostratus II, etc.

Various methods have been used to avoid confusion. One of them was based on the use of the name of the father or grandfather. The famous scientist of the 11th-12th centuries, who lived in Bukhara, went down in history as Ibn-Sina, that is, the son of Sina (in the Latinized form, this name turned into Avicenna). In essence, it was the germ of a family name: after all, the Ivanovs and Petrovs appeared among us because one of the more or less distant ancestors was called Ivan or Peter.

The first pseudonym dictionaries appeared in the 17th century. At the same time, a treatise was written by the Frenchman Andrien Baye, which for the first time described the reasons for the replacement of their names by other writers, as well as the ways in which these replacements were made.

In Russia, this issue was studied somewhat later. In 1874, the "List of Russian anonymous books with the names of their authors and translators" compiled by N. Golitsyn was born.

The most authoritative Russian source on this topic to this day is Masanov's dictionary, the last (four-volume) edition of which dates back to 1956-1960. It contains over 80 thousand pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures. Relatively recently, the works of another Russian researcher V.G. Dmitriev were written: “Hiding their name” (1977) and “Invented names” (1986). .

Dmitriev proposes the most universal classification scheme for pseudonyms, based on the method of forming pseudonyms and dividing them into two large groups: those associated with true names and those not associated with them. In the first case, the author's name can be deciphered, in the second - no.

3. Classification of aliases: types (types) of aliases.

All pseudonyms, whatever they may be, are divided into certain groups, which are based on the principle of their formation. According to researchers, there are now over fifty different types of aliases. So, Dmitriev V.G. in the book "Hiding Their Name" identifies 57 classification groups of pseudonyms.

*aliases - characteristics

*literary masks

*joking aliases

*collective aliases

* not invented by ourselves

An acrostic is a poem in which the initial letters of the lines form a word or phrase.

Allonym, or heteronym - the surname or name of a real person accepted as a pseudonym.

An anagram is a cryptonym obtained by rearranging letters. I don’t know why the classics liked this group of pseudonyms, but their “lion’s share” refers specifically to them.

Anonymous is a literary work published without indicating the name of the author.

An antionym is a pseudonym formed in contrast, in contrast to the meaning with the true surname of the author or with the surname (pseudonym) of some famous person.

An apoconim is a cryptonym obtained by discarding the beginning or end of a given name and surname.

ON THE. Dobrolyubov under the famous article "Dark Kingdom" signed N.-bov

Sometimes only final letters were left from the first and last names.

From the first syllables of the name and surname, comic pseudonyms are composed: Nick-Nek -ON THE. Nekrasov .

Aristonym - a signature with the addition of a title, most often not actually belonging to the author.

Astronim – a signature consisting of one or more asterisks.

These are some kind of aliases-riddles. The number of stars in these signatures varied (from one to seven), as well as the arrangement (in a row, a triangle, a rhombus). Asterisks were put instead of their last nameON THE. Nekrasov, S.N. Turgenev, F.I. Tyutchev (Derzhavin, Baratynsky, Pushkin, Odoevsky, Gogol, etc.).

Athelonim - a cryptonym obtained by skipping part of the letters of the first and last names.

More often, however, the beginning and end were left from the surname, and the middle was replaced by dots or dashes. At the same time, there were coincidences: for example, the same signature T ... in stands under the verses of F.I. Tyutchev in "Galatea" (1829), and under the letter of I.S. Turgenev about Gogol's death in Moskovskie Vedomosti (1852).

Geonim or troponym - an alias associated with a geographical location. The geonim can serve as an addition to the real surname: Mamin - Sibiryak.

Geronim - the surname of a literary character adopted as a pseudonym: or a mythological creature.

hydronym - a special case of a geonym - a signature based on the name of a river, sea, lake.

Zoonym - a signature based on the name of the animal.

Initials - the initial letters of the name and surname (or the name and patronymic, or the name, patronymic and surname).

incognitonym – a signature emphasizing that the author wishes to remain anonymous.

Signatures N. and N.N. were very common, which were abbreviations of the Latin words nemo (no one) and nomen nescio (I don’t know the name, but in a figurative sense - a certain person). These pseudonyms were put under their works by dozens of authors, both Russian and foreign, since this was the simplest way to remain incognito, without bothering to either invent a pseudonym or encrypt your last name. Signed N.N. putON THE. Nekrasov (Derzhavin, Karamzin, Griboyedov, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Kuprin ).

Ichthyonym - a signature based on the name of the fish.

Kalka is a pseudonym formed by translating the name and surname into another language.

A koinonym is a common pseudonym adopted by several authors who write together.

Contamination is the combination of two or more words into one.

Latinism is a pseudonym formed by rewriting the name and surname in the Latin way.

Literary mask - a signature that deliberately gives false information about the author, characterizing the fictitious person to whom he ascribes authorship.

Matronym is a pseudonym formed from the name or surname of the author's mother.

A mesostich is a poem in which the letters taken from the middle of each line form a word or phrase.

A metagram is a permutation of the initial syllables in words next to each other.

A metonym is a pseudonym formed by analogy, by the similarity of meaning with a real surname.

So, N.G. Chernyshevsky Ethiopian signed (Ethiopian - Negro - black - Chernyshevsky).

An imaginary pseudonym is the surname of the plagiarist or a surname erroneously put instead of the real one.

Negatonym - a signature that denies the author's belonging to a particular profession, party, etc. or opposing it to one or another writer.

Neutronim is a fictitious surname that does not cause any associations and is set as a signature.

Ornithonym - a signature based on the name of a bird.

Pizonym is a comic pseudonym intended to produce a comic effect.

Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide one's name faded into the background here.

The tradition of funny pseudonyms in Russian literature dates back to the magazines of Catherine's time ("Very different things", "Neither this nor that", "Drone", "Mail of Spirits").

ON THE. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky,.

I.S. Turgenev

A palinonym is a cryptonym formed by reading a given name and surname from right to left.

A paronym is a pseudonym formed by the similarity of sound with a real surname.

A patronymic is a pseudonym formed from the name of the author's father.

So prosaic talesL.N. Tolstoy were signed by Mirza-Turgen. This pseudonym goes back to the legendary forefather of the Turgenev family, from which the author descended from his mother, Alexandra Leontievna, nee Turgeneva.

A polyonym is a signature that gives an idea of ​​the number of authors who write under it together.

A semi-alonym is a pseudonym consisting of a combination of a surname belonging to a real person with another, not his name.

A prenonym is a signature consisting of one author's name.

A proxonym is a pseudonym formed from the names of persons close to the author.

A pseudoandronym is a male given name and surname adopted by a female author.

A pseudo-geonym is a signature that masks the true place of birth or residence of the author.

A pseudonym is a female given name and surname adopted by a male author.

Pseudo-initials are letters that do not correspond to the true initials of the author. Some encrypted titlonims may look like initials.

Pseudotitlonim - a signature indicating the position, title or profession of the author, which does not correspond to the true ones.

Pseudophrenononym - a signature that gives such information about the character of the author that is contrary to the content of the work.

A pseudo-ethnonym is a signature that masks the true nationality of the author.

Stigmonim - a signature consisting of punctuation marks or mathematical symbols.

Tahallus is a literary name of the frenonym type among the writers of the peoples of the East.

A televerse is a poem in which the last letters of a line form a word or phrase.

Titlonim - a signature indicating the title or position of the author.

Physionim - a pseudonym, which is based on the name of a natural phenomenon.

A phytonym is a pseudonym based on the name of a plant.

A frenonym is a pseudonym that indicates the main character trait of the author or the main feature of his work.

A chromatonym is an alias based on the name of a color.

Diphronim - a surname or initials encrypted by replacing letters with numbers. This group of pseudonyms was awarded the title of the most rare among known pseudonyms.

For example, the Roman numeral X was signedON THE. Dobrolyubov.

Eidonym - a pseudonym or nickname that characterizes the appearance of the author.

An entonym is a pseudonym based on the name of an insect.

An ethnonym is a pseudonym indicating the nationality of the author.

Among Russian writers and poets, whose work is studied at school, 17 groups of pseudonyms were distinguished according to the method of their formation. Here are some of them:

*aliases - characteristics

*literary masks

*joking aliases

*collective aliases

* not invented by ourselves

* pseudonym that does not cause any associations

*pseudonyms associated with the true name

*pseudonyms not related to the true name

*pseudonyms replacing the real name.

As a result of the study of the types of pseudonyms, we found out that the pseudonyms of these people can be classified as follows:

A. P. Chekhov Apoconym: Anche; Paronym: Antosha Chekhonte

Paizonym: Man without a spleen, Doctor without patients, Champagne, Nut #6

M. Gorky - real name - A.M. Peshkov.Paizonym: Yehudiel Chlamys

Rasul Gamzatov - real name: Tsadasa Rasul Gamzatovich:Patronymic

Anna Akhmatova - real name: Anna Gorenko:Matronym

Sasha Cherny - real name - Glikberg A. M .:chromatonym

George Sand - real name - Aurora Dudevant:pseudoandronym

Erich Maria Remarque - real name - E. Kramer: palinonym

4 . Reasons for the emergence of pseudonyms

Most literary works have an author whose name is placed on the cover. But this is not always the true name of the writer.

There are cases when works are not signed, presented as a find or translation, attributed to another person, but more often, in order to hide authorship, they resort to a pseudonym. Why is an alias needed? Why are people not satisfied with their own names and surnames? There are many reasons for this phenomenon. Here are some of them:

* Silent, funny surname, real surname;

* pen test (fear of debut);

*fear of censorship the desire to avoid persecution for writing accusatory * character);

*social status;

* the presence of namesakes;

* the desire to mystify the reader;

* it was fashionable to write under a pseudonym;

* on the advice of other people;

*comic effect.

We have compiled a table in order to understand whether the reasons for using pseudonyms have been the same at all times. The pseudonyms of fifteen famous writers and poets of the 19th and 20th centuries were chosen for analysis.

19th century

20th century

Alexander N.k.sh.p –

A. S. Pushkin

L.- M. Yu. Lermontov

V. Alov -

N. V. Gogol

Antosha Ch.-

A. P. Chekhov

Nicholas Shchedrin -

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

Friend of Kuzma Prutkov - F.M.Dostoevsky

N.N. - N. A. Nekrasov

T. L. - I.S. Turgenev

L.N.- L. N. Tolstoy

Maksim Gorky –

A. M. Peshkov

Anna Akhmatova -

A.A. Gorenko

Alexander Green -

A. S. Grinevsky

Andrey Bely –

B. N. Bugaev

Demyan Bedny -

E. A. Pridvorov

A.A.B.- A. A. Blok

Igor Severyanin -

Igor Lotarev

Revealed whythe authors of the works turned to the choice of pseudonyms:

1 . Attempt at writing

Perhaps one of the most common cases. A rare aspiring author is one hundred percent sure of his success. Why not use a pseudonym or not subscribe at all.

Below are the names of poets that fall into this category and their pseudonyms relevant to this case.

S.A. Yesenin - 1) Meteor 2) Ariston
N.V. Gogol - V. Alov
I.A. Krylov - 1) unsigned 2) I.Kr. 3) Cr.
M.Yu. Lermontov - L.
V.V. Mayakovsky - 1) -b 2) V. 3) M. 4) V.M.
ON THE. Nekrasov - N.N.
A.S. Pushkin -1) Alexander N.k.sh.p. 2) P 3) 1…14-16
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin - S-v.
I.S. Turgenev - 1) ... in 2) T.L.
A.A. Fet - A.F.

2. Comic effect

Another case that occurs among poets - pseudonyms, the purpose of which was to create a comic effect, are called paizonyms (from the Greek paizein - to joke). As a rule, they were temporary and arose not so much to hide the real name as a joke, or to emphasize the satirical nature of the work.

V.A. Zhukovsky - Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov house, author of a cramped stable, fire-breathing ex-president of the old garden, cavalier of three livers and commander of Galimatya.
N.A. Nekrasov - Bob Feklist, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum

A.S. Pushkin - Feofilakt Kosichkin.

They decided to combine the material in a table and find out the percentage of the reasons that prompted the authors of the works to use pseudonyms.

Attempt at writing

Alexander N.K.Sh.P. -

A. S. Pushkin The first poem of Pushkin (then a 15-year-old lyceum student) that appeared in print, “To a Poet Friend,” was secretly sent from the author to Vestnik Evropy by his lyceum comrade Delvig. No signature was given.

In 1814-1816. Pushkin encrypted his last name, signing Alexander N.K.Sh.P., or - II -, or 1 ... 14-16.

V. Alov - N.V. Gogol

Antosha Ch. - A. P. Chekhov

The 19 year old did the same. Nekrasov, on the first book of poems "Dreams and Sounds" (1840) put only his initials N.N., following the advice of V.A. Zhukovsky, to whom he brought the manuscript to get his opinion. Zhukovsky positively evaluated only two poems, saying: "If you want to print, then publish without a name, later you will write better, and you will be ashamed of these poems."

My first fable Ivan Andreevich Krylov signed I. Kr., then either did not sign the fables at all, or put one letter under them TO. And only at the age of 37 he began to sign his last name.

Under the first printed linesI.S. Turgenev (he was then 20 years old) - the poems "Evening" and "To the Venus of the Medicius" in "Contemporary" (1838) - stood ... in. Then the future author of the "Hunter's Notes" signed T.L. for a number of years, i.e. Turgenev - Lutovinov (his mother was nee Lutovinova). Under these initials, his first book was published - the poem "Parash" (1843).

20 year old A.A. Fet hid his name and surname on the first book of poems - "Lyrical Pantheon" (1840) underinitials A.F.

22 year old ON THE. Dobrolyubov in Sovremennik he published his 6 poems under the pseudonym Volgin, this was the first publication of his poetic heritage.

24 year old L.N. Tolstoy , then an officer, his first work - "The Stories of My Childhood" (this is how the editors of Sovremennik changed the name of "Childhood" without the knowledge of the author) - signed in 1852.L.N., those. Lev Nikolaevich.

A. M. Peshkov-

M. Gorky

Alexander Green-

A. S. Grinevsky

A.A.B.-

A. A. Blok

Andrey Bely-

B. N. Bugaev

Censorship

A.N. Radishchev

N. G. Chernyshevsky

Nikolai Shchedrin -

M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

T.L. - I.S. Turgenev

Dr. Friken-

S. Ya. Marshak

class prejudice

K.G. Paustovsky I had not yet finished high school when I brought my first story entitled “On the Water” to the Kiev magazine “Lights”. This was in 1912. “Did you sign the story with your real name? the young author was asked. - Yes. - In vain! Our magazine is leftist, and you are a high school student. There may be trouble, come up with a pseudonym. Paustovsky followed this advice and appeared in print under the name K. Balagin, to which he subsequently did not revert.

Friend of Kuzma Prutkov

F.M. Dostoevsky

A. A. Akhmatova-

A.A. Gorenko

Anna Akhmatova

Other profession

A. I. Kuprin

A. A. Perovsky

Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky served as a trustee of the educational district. His novels were signed by Anthony Pogorelsky , by the name of his estate Pogoreltsy.

L.- Lermontov

Alexander Green

Andrey Bely-

B. N. Bugaev

comic effect

A. P. Chekhov

A. S. Pushkin

Among the journalistic pseudonyms of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Feofilakt Kosichkin is the most expressive and significant.

N. A. Nekrasov - Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen, stock broker Nazar Vymochkin.

ON THE. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky,Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin.

I.S. Turgenev feuilleton "Six-year-old accuser" signed: Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov.

Demyan Poor-

E.A. Courtyard

Presence of family members.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

In the 80s of the XIX century, in the satirical magazines "Alarm clock", "Dragonfly", "Shards" began to appear stories signed by Antosha Chekhonte, Doctor without patients, Nut No. 6, Akaki Tarantulov, Someone, Brother of my brother, Nettle, Hot-tempered man .

Many do not know that Anton Pavlovich had brothers Mikhail and Alexander, who also acted in the literary field. (Michael signed

M. Bohemsky (under the influence of the legend that the Chekhovs come from the Czech Republic), in addition - Maxim Khalyava, Captain Cook, S. Vershinin, K. Treplev.

Alexander used other pseudonyms - A. Sedoy, A. Chekhov-Sedoy, Agafond Edinitsyn.)

They didn't come up with it themselves.

This is, for example, one of the signatures ON THE. Nekrasov, concealing a hint of censorship harassment. The poet was not allowed to publish the second edition of the poems for a long time. Finally, in 1860, one of the courtiers, Count Adlerberg, who enjoyed great influence, obtained the necessary visa from the censorship department, but subject to the introduction of numerous banknotes. “Still, they cut you off, put a muzzle on you! he said to the poet. “Now you can sign under comic verses like this: Muzzles.” Nekrasov followed this advice, signing his satirical poems Savva Namordnikov.

Sometimes its creator, in order to convince the public that the author he invented exists in reality, described his appearance in the preface (on behalf of the publisher) or even attached to the book his portrait, allegedly painted from nature. A classic example is Belkin's Tales. Acting as their publisher, Pushkin in the preface gives a verbal portrait I.P. Belkin, gives data about his parents, his character, lifestyle, occupations, circumstances of his death ...

So Pushkin tried to assure readers of the reality of the existence of the author he invented, whose name he put on the book instead of his own with the addition: “Published by A.P.”.

2. LITERARY PSEUDONYMS

2.1. Pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets

As already mentioned, aliases used by writers and poets, politicians and criminals, actors, directors and other people who would not like to know their autonym (the real name of the person hiding under pseudonym).

In this section, we consider the pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets.

Akhmatova Anna(1889-1966). In the notebooks of Anna Akhmatova there are entries: “Everyone considers me a Ukrainian. Firstly, because my father's surname is Gorenko, secondly, because I was born in Odessa and graduated from the Fundukleev gymnasium, thirdly, and mainly, because N. S. Gumilyov wrote: “From the city of Kiev , // from Zmiev's lair, // I took not a wife, but a sorceress ... ”Shortly after the wedding in 1910, Nikolai Stepanovich and Anna Andreevna settled in Tsarskoye Selo in the house of Gumilyov's mother. In St. Petersburg, N. Gumilyov introduced his young wife to famous poets. She read poetry in their circle, began to publish under the pseudonym Anna Akhmatova, which later became her last name. In brief autobiographical notes, Anna Akhmatova writes: “They named me after my grandmother Anna Egorovna Motovilova. Her mother was the Tatar princess Akhmatova, whose last name, not realizing that I was going to be a Russian poet, I made my literary name. So Anna Gorenko, who was considered a Ukrainian, became a Russian poet with a Tatar surname.

Yesenin Sergey(1895-1925). He signed his first poetic experiments Meteor. And for the first publication (the poem "Birch" in the journal "Mirok", 1914), he chose a different pseudonym Ariston, although he was dissuaded from this in every possible way. In the future, he did not use pseudonyms.

Krylov Ivan(1769-1844). His first work - an epigram in the journal "The Cure for Boredom and Worries" (1786) - the future great fabulist signed I.Kr. And he printed the first fables without a signature at all, then put the letter under them TO. or Navi Volyrk. He began to sign with his full surname only at the age of 37.

Lermontov Mikhail(1814-1841). The first publication of Lermontov - the poem "Spring" - refers to 1830. Under the poem was the letter L. For the first time, the full name of the author appears five years later - "Khadzhi Abrek" was printed in the "Library for Reading". But this happened without the knowledge of the author: the poem was taken to the editor by one of his comrades at the cadet school.

Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich(1799-1837). Alexander Sergeevich also often used pseudonyms, especially at the dawn of his creative biography.

A few more pseudonyms of Pushkin are associated with his lyceum past. This Arz. under the epigram in "Northern Flowers for 1830" And Art. under one article in the "Moscow Telegraph" (1825) - Arzamas and Stary Arzamas, respectively (in 1815-1818 Pushkin was a member of the literary circle "Arzamas"). And St ... ch.k under the poem "To the Dreamer" in "Son of the Fatherland" (1818) and Krs under the poems "Kalmychka" and "Answer" in the "Literary Gazette" (1830). The first stands for Cricket (nickname of Pushkin the lyceum student), the second is an abbreviated palinonym. The poem "Skull" in "Northern Flowers for 1828" was signed by the poet I.. Another playful pseudonym of Pushkin is known, with which he signed two articles in Telescope: Theophylact Kosichkin.

Nekrasov Nikolai(1821-1877/78). Nekrasov's first book of poems "Dreams and Sounds" (1840), signed with the initials NN. was received very coldly, in particular, by Zhukovsky and Belinsky. Nekrasov acted like Gogol: he collected all unsold copies from bookstores and burned them. Nekrasov actively resorted to pseudonyms while working at Literaturnaya Gazeta: he signed most of his articles Naum Perepelsky. He also used such humorous pseudonyms as Petersburg resident F. A. Belopyatkin(in the satirical poem "The Talker"), Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Churmen(probably from "fuck me!"), Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin.

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Efgrafovich(1826-1889) also began as a poet - with the poem "Lyra", signing it with the initials S-in. He was then 15 years old. The writer also had other pseudonyms - M. Nepanov(the first story "Contradictions") and M.S.(story "A Tangled Case").

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich(1820-1892). Under the first printed poems of Turgenev ("Contemporary", 1838) stood ... in. Then he started signing T.L., i.e. Turgenev-Lutovinov (his mother is nee Lutovinova). Under these initials, his first book was published - the poem "Parash" (1843).

Chukovsky Roots(1882-1969). The pseudonym of the poet is very close to his real name (in fact, it is formed from him): Korneychukov Nikolay Vasilyevich. Anna Akhmatova at one time told how this pseudonym appeared: allegedly, in the heat of controversy, someone used the phrase "Korneichuk's approach."

Maksim Gorky (1868-1936) first story published in 1892 under a pseudonym Bitter, which characterized the hard life of the writer, this pseudonym was used in the future. At the very beginning of his literary career, he also wrote feuilletons in Samarskaya Gazeta under the pseudonym Yehudiel Chlamys. M. Gorky himself emphasized that the correct pronunciation of his surname is Peshkov, although almost everyone pronounces it as Peshkov.

The most inventive in inventing pseudonyms was Anton Pavlovich Chekhov(1860-1904). Over 50 known .

In the index of Chekhov's pseudonyms there are: A.P.; Antosha; Antosha Chekhonte; A-n Ch-those; An. Ch.; An, Ch-e; Anche; An. Che-in; A.Ch; A. Che; A. Chekhonte; G. Baldastov; Makar Baldastov; My brother's brother; Doctor without patients; Hot-tempered person; Nut #6; Nut No. 9; Rook; Don Antonio Chekhonte; Uncle; Kislyaev; M. Kovrov; Nettle; Laertes; prose poet; Colonel Kochkarev, Purselepetanov; Ruver; Ruver and Revore; S. B. Ch.; Ulysses; C; Ch. B. S.; H. without S.; A person without a spleen; C. Honte; Champagne; Young old man; "... in"; Z. Chekhov's humorous signatures and pseudonyms: Akaki Tarantulov, Nekto, Schiller Shakespeare Goethe, Arkhip Indeikin; Vasily Spiridonov Svolachyov; Famous; Turkey; N. Zakharieva; Petukhov; Smirnova.

First in a row takes the signature Antosha Chekhonte. He became the main pseudonym of Chekhov the comedian. It was with this signature that the young medical student sent his first works to comic magazines. He not only used this pseudonym in magazines and newspapers, but also put it on the cover of the first two author's collections (Tales of Melpomene, 1884; Motley Stories, 1886). Researchers of the literary heritage of the writer believe that the pseudonym Antosha Chekhonte(options: Antosha Ch***, A-n Ch-te, Anche, A. Chekhonte, Chekhonte, Don Antonio Chekhonte, Ch. Khonte etc.) arose when Chekhov studied at the Taganrog gymnasium, where Pokrovsky, the teacher of the law of the gymnasium, liked to change the names of the students.

Chekhov signed a comic letter to the editors of "Oskolkov" Colonel Kochkarev(a hybrid of Colonel Koshkarev from Dead Souls and Kochkarev from Gogol's Marriage).

Origin of the pseudonym My brother's brother researchers attribute to the fact that since 1883 Chekhov began to publish in the same humorous magazines in which his older brother Alexander had spoken before him. In order not to create confusion, Chekhov on the title page of his book At Twilight (1887) wrote a surname with corrected initials: An. P. Chekhov. And then I started signing My brother's brother.

The rest of Chekhov's pseudonyms were, as a rule, short-lived and were used solely for comic effect. And only a pseudonym had a serious semantic component of a “medical” nature. Chekhov used it for more than ten years. Under this alias (and its variants: Ch. without S., Ch.B.S., S.B.Ch.) 119 stories and humoresques and 5 articles and feuilletons were published. An unusual Chekhovian pseudonym, scientists believe, originated at the medical faculty of Moscow University, where the anatomy course was considered the most difficult course, with which, perhaps, the combination Man without a spleen

Thus, there are many reasons for the appearance and methods of formation of pseudonyms of writers and poets, their study, “decoding” is of particular interest.

3. Aliases in the modern world.

Most people have never heard of pseudonyms in their lives and don't need them. Only a narrow part - writers, poets, artists, scientists - know, use and understand a lot about pseudonyms. It is about them that the media always talk - TV, radio, the press, it is they who are always in sight, and as they have now begun to be expressed: "by ear!". With the spread of the Internet, the use of pseudonyms has never been moretopical : almost every web user has a pseudonym, which is usually called .

Conclusion

There is a Latin proverb: "Habent sua fata libelli" - "Every book has its own fate." We can say that each pseudonym has its own destiny. Often his life was short: a fictitious name, under which a novice author, out of caution or for other reasons, entered the literary field, turned out to be unnecessary and discarded. But sometimes, and not so rarely, a literary surname completely replaced the real one, both on the pages of books and in the lives of their authors.

Pseudonyms deserve to be studied as one of the important factors in the literary life of all times and peoples. We think that acquaintance with such an interesting topic will broaden the horizons of literature lovers.

The name has a greater influence on the life and character of its bearer. And when adopting fake names, a certain personality is formed, associated with a combination of surname, name and patronymic. That is, it turns out that by choosing a pseudonym for himself, the writer himself chooses his fate, first of all, in writing. For someone, a name change will bring success and fame, for someone, on the contrary, it will turn out to be a fatal step in their career.

When we hear a person's pseudonym, we learn much more about him than when we hear just a name. After all, a pseudonym characterizes a person, carries a large flow of information about him.

It was very interesting for us to conduct this study, it makes us want to look into the mystery of the name, to understand the reasons that encourage people to take this or that pseudonym.

On the example of studying the pseudonyms of some Russian writers, we can draw the following conclusions.

The main reasons by which people use pseudonyms are:

1) In the 19th century, it was, first of all, censorship, the first literary experience and class prejudices.

2) In the 20th century - fear of persecution, a test of the pen, dissonance of a name or surname.

3) In the 21st century - the influence of social status, another profession, the first literary experience.

4) For satirists and humorists at all times - to produce a comic effect.

With the help of the definition of classification, we learned what an amazing variety of aliases exists in a world that we did not even know existed.

12. http://litosphere.aspu.ru/sections/

13.

24.

APPENDIX No. 1

Comparative table "Reasons for the use of pseudonyms in different periods of time"

A. S. Pushkin

The first poem of Pushkin (then a 15-year-old lyceum student) that appeared in print, “To a Poet Friend,” was secretly sent from the author to Vestnik Evropy by his lyceum comrade Delvig. No signature was given. In 1814-1816. Pushkin encrypted his last name, signing Alexander N.K.Sh.P., or - II -, or 1 ... 14-16.

N. V. Gogol

20-year-old Gogol, embarking on the literary path as a poet, released the idyll "Hanz Kühelgarten" signed by V. Alov. But when negative reviews appeared in the Northern Bee and the Moscow Telegraph, Gogol bought up all the remaining copies of the idyll from the booksellers and destroyed them.

A. P. Chekhov

20-year-old A.P. Chekhov's humoresques in "Dragonfly", "Spectator" and in "Alarm Clock" were signed by Antosha Ch., An. Ch. and A. Chekhonte. A comic letter to the editors of "Oskolkov" Chekhov signed "Colonel Kochkarev."

M. Gorky

M. Gorky, under the notes in Samarskaya Gazeta and Nizhny Novgorod Sheet (1896), put Pacatus (peaceful), and in the Red Panorama collection (1928) he signed Unicus (the only one). In Samarskaya Gazeta, the feuilletons Samara in All Relationships, with the subtitle Letters from a Knight-Errant, were signed by Don Quixote (1896). Gorky in his captions to feuilletons often used the incognitonym N. Kh., which should have read: "Someone X."

A. Gaidar

The author himself did not write unequivocally and clearly about the origin of the pseudonym "Gaidar". The name "Gaidar" reminded the writer of his school years, meaning that "G" in this name meant "Golikov", "ay" - "Arkady", and "dar", as if echoing the hero of Alexander Dumas D'Artagnan, "in the French manner" meant "from Arzamas". Thus, the name "Gaidar" stands for "Golikov Arkady from Arzamas".

A. S. Grinevsky

Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky, inventing a pseudonym for himself, shortened his surname so that it acquired a foreign, exotic sound, like the names of many of his characters, like the names of alluring cities and lands that he describes. He also called himself Grin Grinych Grinevsky: "I am three times as I am."

Kir Bulychev

Mozheiko Igor Vsevolodovich (1934-2003)
Russian science fiction writer, screenwriter, historian-orientalist (candidate of historical sciences). Author of scientific papers on the history of Southeast Asia (signed with his real name), numerous fantastic novels, stories (often combined into cycles), the collection "Some Poems" (2000). The pseudonym is composed of the name of the wife (Kira) and the maiden name of the writer's mother. As the writer admitted, the idea of ​​a pseudonym arose long ago, when he was still a graduate student at the Institute of Oriental Studies and wrote the first fantastic story. He was afraid of criticism, ridicule: “I skipped the vegetable base! He didn’t show up for the trade union meeting… And he also indulges in fantastic stories.” Subsequently, the name "Kirill" on the covers of books began to be abbreviated - "Kir."

Grigory Gorin

Ofshtein Grigory Izrailevich (1910-2000)

Russian writer-satirist, as well as the author of feuilletons, plays, monologues. When asked about the reason for choosing such a pseudonym, Grigory Izrailevich answered that it was just an abbreviation: "Grisha Ofshtein Decided to Change Nationality".

Censorship

A.N. Radishchev

The first book that denounced the horrors and barbarism of the serfdom, the famous "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" by A.N. Radishchev was published in 1790 without indicating the name of the author, under a deliberately harmless title. But never before has such a bold protest against slavery been issued in Russia. The book remained banned, "dangerous" for over 100 years.

P. V. Dolgorukov

Prince Pyotr Vladimirovich Dolgorukov published in Paris in French, on behalf of Count Almagro, the brochure Notes on Noble Russian Families, which contained incriminating materials about high-ranking persons. The pseudonym did not help the author: upon his return to Russia, he was arrested and, by order of Nicholas I, exiled to Vyatka. Later he became a political emigrant.

N. G. Chernyshevsky

N.G. Chernyshevsky, the author of the novel “What is to be done?”, which thundered in his time, was sent by the authorities to hard labor, and then into exile with a ban on appearing in the press, still sometimes managed to smuggle his works into the wild and abroad. So, in the London printing house of Russian emigrants, the first part of the novel "Prologue", written by Chernyshevsky in hard labor, was anonymously published. After the exile, the disgraced writer, whose name was forbidden to be mentioned, was able to publish a number of articles under the pseudonyms Andreev and the Old Transformist.

S. Ya. Marshak

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak, being in the years of the civil war on the territory of the White Guards, was published in the journal "Morning of the South" under the pseudonym Dr. Friken. Only a pseudonym, carefully guarded by the editors, helped Marshak avoid reprisal for making fun of the tyrant generals.

Julius Kim - Julius Mikhailov
In the late 60s, Russian poet, composer, playwright, screenwriter, bard.
due to participation in the human rights movement, Yuli Chersanovich Kim was "recommended" to stop public concerts; from the posters of performances, from the credits of television and films where his songs were used, his name disappeared. Later, Kim was allowed to collaborate with film and theater, provided that he uses a pseudonym. And right up to perestroika, he signed the name of Julius Mikhailov.

Arkady Arkanov

Steinbock Arkady Mikhailovich (born 1933)

Russian satirist. In the early 1960s, Arkady Steinbock began to engage in literary activities, but not everyone liked his surname - it was too Jewish. As a child, Arkady was simply called Arkan - hence the pseudonym.

Eduard Limonov

Savenko Eduard Veniaminovich (born 1943)

The infamous writer, journalist, public and political figure, founder and head of the liquidated National Bolshevik Party. Since July 2006, he has been an active participant in the Other Russia movement, opposition to the Kremlin, and the organizer of a number of Marches of Dissent. The pseudonym Limonov was invented by the artist Vagrich Bakhchanyan (according to other sources - Sergey Dovlatov).

class prejudice

A.M. Beloselsky-Belozersky

Prince A.M. Beloselsky-Belozersky - Unprinceetranger. Under this name ("Foreign Prince") he released in 1789. his French poetry.

E. P. Rostopchina

K. K. Romanov

K. R. is the pseudonym of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov. For the first time this pseudonym appeared in 1882 in the Vestnik Evropy under the poem "Psalmist David", in order to then enter Russian poetry for three decades.

Anna Akhmatova Gorenko Anna Andreevna (1889-1966)

Russian poet. With her pseudonym, Anna Gorenko chose the surname of her great-grandmother, who was descended from the Tatar Khan Akhmat. Later, she said: “Only a seventeen-year-old crazy girl could choose a Tatar surname for a Russian poetess ... Therefore, it occurred to me to take a pseudonym for myself, because dad, having learned about my poems, said:“ Don’t shame my name. ”-“ And I don’t need yours name!" I said.

Other profession

A. I. Kuprin

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, at the age of nineteen, being a cadet of the Alexander Military School, published the story “The Last Debut”, signing it Al. future officer with paperwork.

A. A. Bestuzhev

The stories of the Decembrist Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev were published under the pseudonym Marlinsky (after the name of the Marley Palace in Peterhof, where his regiment was stationed). Marlinsky enjoyed great success as a novelist; in it, according to Belinsky, "they thought to see Pushkin in prose."

A. A. Perovsky

Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky served as a trustee of the educational district. His novels were signed by Anthony Pogorelsky, after the name of his estate Pogoreltsy.

B. Bugaev

The son of a Moscow professor of mathematics, Boris Bugaev, as a student, decided to publish his poems and met with opposition from his father. The pseudonym Andrei Bely was invented by Mikhail Sergeevich Solovyov, guided only by a combination of sounds.

K. Bulychev

Kir (Kirill) Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko. Science fiction writer Doctor of Historical Sciences, member of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

He published his fantastic works exclusively under a pseudonym, which was composed of the name of his wife (Kira) and the maiden name of the writer's mother. The writer kept his real name secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious occupation, and was afraid that after the disclosure of the pseudonym he would be fired.

Irina Grekova

Elena Sergeevna Wentzel (1907 - 2002).
Russian prose writer, mathematician. Doctor of Technical Sciences, author of numerous scientific papers on the problems of applied mathematics Efim Alekseevich Pridvorov (1883-1945), a university textbook on probability theory, a book on game theory, etc. Like Lewis Carroll, she published her scientific works under her real name, and novels and stories under a “mathematical” pseudonym (from the name of the French letter “y”, which goes back to Latin). As a writer, she began to publish in 1957 and immediately became famous and loved, her novel "The Department" was literally read to the holes.

Alexander Green

G. N. Kurilov

He began to write his first poems in 1961. He wrote under the pseudonym UluroAdo.

D. Dontsova

Journalist Agrippina Vasilyeva, having married, changed her occupation, her last name and first name, and became Daria Dontsova.

Discordant name or surname

F.K. Teternikov

In the editorial office, where he took his first works, he was advised to choose a pseudonym. And then Teternikov was chosen a pseudonym - Fedor Sologub. With one "l", so as not to be confused with the author of "Tarantas".

Sasha Black - Glikberg Alexander Mikhailovich.
1880-1932.
Poet.
The family had 5 children, two of whom were named Sasha. The blond was called "White", the brunette - "Black". Hence the pseudonym.

Demyan Bedny

Pridvorov Efim Alekseevich (1883-1945)

Russian and Soviet poet. The surname of Yefim Alekseevich is by no means suitable for a proletarian writer. The pseudonym Demyan Poor is the village nickname of his uncle, a people's fighter for justice.

B. Akunin

Boris Akunin - Grigory Shalvovich Chkhartishvili. As the writer himself admitted in an interview, the merchandisers of bookstores would never pronounce Chkhartishvili's name anyway. And Boris Akunin speaks easily, and immediately sets the reader who has graduated from school to the classics of the 19th century.

comic effect

A. P. Chekhov

Numerous pseudonyms of Chekhov, used exclusively for comic effect: G. Baldastov; Makar Baldastov; Doctor without patients; Hot-tempered person; Nut #6; Nut number 9 and others.

A. S. Pushkin

Among the journalistic pseudonyms of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the most expressive and significant is Feofilakt Kosichkin.

N. A. Nekrasov

ON THE. Nekrasov - Bob Feklist, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen, broker Nazar Vymochkin of the literary exchange.

M. Gorky

To make readers laugh, Gorky invented comic pseudonyms, choosing old names that had long been out of use, combined with an intricate surname. He signed Yehudiel Khlamida, Polycarp Unesibozhenozhkin. On the pages of his home hand-written journal Sorrento Pravda (1924), he signed Metranpage Goryachkin, Disabled Muses, Osip Tikhovoyev, Aristid Balyk.

30 .

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