History of Russian names. How names are born The history of the origin of names in different countries of the world

Instruction

Names appeared when people began to make screams and other sounds to identify themselves. Each person had a sound that denoted him. More complex words began to be used later, when the whole tribe or family chose a person's name, or the person chose it himself. Names changed as people got older. This was accompanied by special rituals and ceremonies.

Surnames first appeared in China around 2850 BC. by imperial decree. The Chinese usually have three words in the full name, with the surname in the first place. The second name is called the generation name. It is chosen by the whole family from the poem. The last place is the name itself.

The ancient Romans used only one name to refer to a person. Then they switched to three components, then back to one. At the time of Julius Caesar, three words were used in the name: Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus.

In Europe, they began to use the surname in the full name of a person. This was especially true for people of the upper classes, for whom it was important to be different from the rest of society.

People of noble blood passed on their surnames to younger generations. For the first time this tradition originated in Italy, and then spread throughout Europe.

Surnames were of different origin. Some came from the names of cities, others from the name of an occupation, others from the names of animals, and others were borrowed from previous generations. Among the Anglo-Saxons, for example, such surnames were given by the name of the father. So, the surname Johnson meant "son of John", O'Rourke meant "son of Rourke".

The Jews were the last to adopt the custom of using surnames. Very often, Jewish clans lived separately, and they simply did not need surnames. Jesus Christ also did not have a surname. Christ, as many mistakenly believe, is not a surname, but a kind of title. Christ means "one who is in union with God and appears as a teacher."

But in 1800, laws appeared requiring every Jewish family to have a last name. Then the Jews began to choose pleasant-sounding surnames: Goldberg ("golden mountain"), Rosenthal ("valley of roses"), or biblical names: Benjamin, Levi.

Russian surnames did not appear immediately either. At the time of Prince Igor (12th century), there were no surnames. The famous commander was called simply by the name of Igor or by the name and patronymic Igor Svyatoslavlevich. Although he belonged to the Rurik family, the surname Rurikovich cannot be considered. This is an appeal by the name of the ancestor, which was Rurik. Such an appeal can also be read in the Bible: “the son of Joseph, Iliev”, nothing more than a mention of a father or other ancestor, something like a patronymic. The phrase Ivan the Terrible is also not a first name with a surname, since Grozny is more of a nickname. Until a certain time, the people gave various kinds of nicknames to Russian rulers. The Romanov dynasty, on the contrary, had a surname.

How and when did the names of people appear?
How did it happen that some girls were once called Dear, Saturday or Annoyance, and boys - Eagle, Wolf or even ... Lamb's head?
How do we know that the name Peter means "stone", Claudia means "lame", and Philip means "lover of horses"?
What do the names Chipka, Peda and the names Grinevich, Yashchuk, Matsko mean? When people were given surnames forcibly?
Whose name ... "shot"?

Name ... It became a true friend of man. In an infinite number of living beings, Man is endowed with the right: he, only he, has the right to choose names - for himself, for his children, for everything that surrounds him, for cities, villages, animals, plants, planets, particles of the atom. As the Old Testament testifies, even the almighty God fashioned animals and birds from clay in one day, but did not dare to give them names, but brought them to a man to see what he would call them. So, giving a name is not such an easy thing. Therefore, it is not surprising that the history of the human name has gone through a very difficult path.

Our distant ancestors obviously considered all the names of people, animals, plants, mountains, rivers, celestial bodies to be proper names, similar to our current names. (It is not for nothing that in some languages, for example, in German, except for the old one, even now all nouns are capitalized). Our ancestors could easily choose from the world around them various names that replaced their first name, last name and patronymic: Stone, Oak, Eagle, Bear, Elk, Deer, Summer, Winter, etc. A strange choice, you say. Of course, today it seems strange. But in those days, he was quite normal.

However, pagan parents chose names for their children for a reason. They are people who believed in spells, in talismans, they always tried to choose from a thousand names and names one that is most suitable for a child. It is the one that will help their children become happy, would protect them from evil spirits, and would be an example in their lives.

One of the first such names, obviously, were names - whole phraseological units, sentences-wishes, sentences-spells. Such names already many thousands of years ago had, say, the ancient Sumerians (Enmu-dugga - my lord (be) kind), Semitic peoples (Nebu-bulit - oh heaven, give me life). Tajiks also have such names (Kizlyarbas - that's enough, no (more) girls are needed). The ancient Slavs also had many such names. The echo of such names is felt even now (Bogdan - given by God (son), Dzedumila - dear grandfather, Stanislav - order: "Become glorious!", etc.).

The desire to “reward” a child with a talisman name brought up respect for strong animals among our ancestors all over the world. Parents believed that along with the name, the endurance and courage of the beast would “pass over” to the child. In the East, the name Leo has long been such a name, and in our country - the Wolf. The last to call their children: Serbs (Vuk), Poles (Wilk), Germans (Wolf), Romanians (Lupul), Eastern Slavs (Vovk, Wolf). This is also evidenced by the current names (Vuk Karadzic, Wolfgang), the Poles once even translated this name of Goethe as Vilkolaz (i.e. Volkohod).

Headings:

In Catholic countries, for example, in Poland, the baby on the day of baptism received not one, but two, three, and even more names. In some countries, such as Spain and Portugal, the number of child names depends on the social status or title of the parents. An ordinary hidalgo nobleman is allowed to have six names there, grand nobles twelve, and higher dignitaries as many as they want. Even the wife of the famous artist Goi officially signed with such (and that's not all) names: Maria del Pilar-Teresa-Cataena-Felicia-Luisa-Catalina-Antonina-Isabella; but in real life she was simply called Cataena. The Japanese have even more names.

The year 1917 and the first five-year plans of socialist construction brought a lot of new things to our names. New names were born, sometimes very strange ones (Traktor, Stal, Idea, Irtysh, etc.). Sometimes there were names associated with some events that took place in the country, for example, the glorious flights of Valery Chkalov and the heroic deeds of astronauts multiplied the births of Yuriev, Germanov, Valentin at that hour ... Some Polish mother in 1966 named her daughter after ... Gagarinka.

Sometimes a swarm of new names appeared after the release of some interesting film, book or play. Somehow, for example, in Perm, after the production of the opera "Aida", a lot of the names of Aida appeared in birth certificates.

Very often, fashion influences the appearance of new names that are not typical for a certain people. In the 19th century, there was a fashion for foreign names, which were selected from French, English and German magazines. It was from here that the names came to us: Elvira, Ulisa, Evelina, Louise, Palmyra, Jeanette, Emilia, Lala, Stela, Edward, Richard, Albina, Georgeta, etc.

This fashion has not passed even now. In the Urals, in Sverdlovsk, the name Pegasus was recorded in the last century. Some of these names have taken root thanks to the former bearer of this name. For example, the surname Pushkin (that is, the son of the father, whose surname was Pushka) was once considered simple and incomprehensible. But then the brilliant creator of "Eugene Onegin" appeared and the surname sounded in a new way.

It also happens vice versa. For example, the good meaning and sound form in the name Pulcheria (beautiful) or Evdokia (kind, happy) have completely gone out of fashion and are practically never found.

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Before the advent of Christianity in Rus', old Russian original names were used to name babies. By tradition, the names reflected the character traits and characteristics of a person, for example, Clever, Cunning, Kind, Brave, Molchan, Oblique, Krasava, Curly, Chernyak, Lame, Belyay. Sometimes the sons in the family were named in the order of their birth, for example: First, Second, Tretyak, Menshak, Elder, etc. Some names denoted an occupation or profession, for example, Selyanin, Kozhemyaka, etc. In ancient times, such features in the appropriation many nations had names. So, the Indians also noticed the features of people and reflected them in the names: Sly Fox, Eagle Eye, etc.

With the adoption of Christianity, the names were fixed in special church calendars. But even today you can find surnames derived from nicknames: Beetle, Cat, Sparrow, Wolf. From the 11th to the 17th centuries, Byzantine-Greek names became popular. The two-name system also received its development, when a person was given one name at birth, but was called differently. Names consisting of two roots, the last of which is “-glory”, became widespread during this period. This is how names with Slavic roots appeared: Borislav, Svyatoslav, Yaroslav, Vyacheslav and names with Byzantine-Greek roots: Miroslav, Stanislav, Bronislav, etc.

At one time, the Slavs had an interesting tradition when a child was given a name that only close relatives knew, and then they wrapped the child in a matting and carried it out the door. Thus, they showed the evil spirits that the child was thrown to them, and he was not native. Then the baby was given a second name, whose task was to scare away evil spirits. "They call Zovutka, but they call it a duck." This rite meant that a person would have an unsightly name so that no one could harm him. You can't tell your true name to anyone. In adolescence, the second rite was performed, and then the child was given a final name, which was supposed to reflect his already formed character.

This tradition quickly faded away, as a person was called a nickname, and his character changed accordingly. There was little meaning in the name-amulet in this situation, since the person had no connection with this name.

The usual for us naming people according to the formula - last name, first name, patronymic - was introduced at the beginning of the 18th century until 1917. At the same time, lists of names that you can choose for a child were agreed upon, pseudonyms also appeared. In Soviet times, it was popular to form new names reflecting events in the country. These were very unusual names that were mostly worn by girls. Agree, not every day you meet a woman with the name Idea, Oktyabrina or Iskra. Sometimes such names sounded rather awkward, such as a girl named Artillery Academy. However, some names were so liked that they exist to this day: Lilia, Ninel (Lenin is just the opposite),

Konyukhov Timofey, Trofimova Anna

Even in ancient times, people faced the problem of how to address each other.

We are used to calling everyone by their first names, but a person’s name did not arise by chance.

We wanted to know:

1. when and how the names originated;
2. whence they came to our language;
3. what our names mean.

Therefore, we devoted our research work to the study of the history of names in Russia and in the city of Berezovsky.

The purpose of our work - study the history of names.

Research objectives. To achieve the goal of their work, the following tasks were set:

• consider the evolutionary development of names;
• explore which names were popular and rare in the past and now;
• find out what our names mean.

Research methods:

• study and analysis of literary sources;
• study of names in the kindergarten "Firefly" and in the MOU "Secondary School No. 2";
• questioning of children and statistical processing of the results of the questioning;
• work with archival documents of the registry office of the city of Berezovsky.

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Introduction. 3-4

1. Name history. 5-10

1.1. History of Russian names. 5-8

1.2. The name determines the fate. 9-10

2. What do the names mean. 11-13

2.1. The meaning of names. 11-12

2.2. Me and my name. 13

3. Study of names. 14-18

3.1. Study of the names of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 2". 14-16

3.2. A study of the names of children in the kindergarten "Firefly". 17

3.3. Work with archival documents of the city registry office. 18

Conclusion 19

Literature 20

Introduction

Even in ancient times, people faced the problem of how to address each other.

We are used to calling everyone by their first names, but a person’s name did not arise by chance.

We wanted to know:

• when and how the names originated;
• whence they came to our language;
• what our names mean.

Therefore, we devoted our research work to the study of the history of names in Russia and in the city of Berezovsky.

The purpose of our work- study the history of names.

Research objectives.To achieve the goal of their work, the following tasks were set:

1. consider the evolutionary development of names;
2. explore which names were popular and rare in the past and now;
3. find out what our names mean.

Research methods:

• study and analysis of literary sources;
• study of names in the kindergarten "Firefly" and in the MOU "Secondary School No. 2";
• questioning of children and statistical processing of the results of the questioning;
• work with archival documents of the registry office of the city of Berezovsky.

Research base.MOU "Secondary School No. 2", kindergarten "Firefly", Berezovsky, Kemerovo Region.

After systematizing and processing all the material, we made a conclusion. We summarized the results obtained and displayed them in this paper.

The relevance of our workis as follows: we have summarized data for many years, which names were popular in our city in the past and which names are popular now, which of them are rare.

Practical useis that we ourselves have learned a lot on the topic “Names”, with this work we can speak to the children of our school at the lessons of history, foreign language, literature, class hours, and also replenish the fund of the city and school museums.

1. History of names.

1.1. History of Russian names.

There was a custom in the old days:

They took the baby to church. There,

Pointing your finger at the pages of the saints,

Pop gave names by day.

If you were born on the day of Yefim,

It is named after that.

But if on the day of Jerome,

That - like it or not - Jerome!

M. Vladimov.

The names of people are part of the history of peoples. They reflect the life, beliefs, aspirations, fantasies and artistic creativity of peoples, their historical contacts.

At all times and among all peoples, the name played an important role in the communication of people. Russian names have an interesting history. Some of them lived a long life and survived to our time, others appeared quite recently. We are used to calling everyone by their first names, but a person’s name did not arise by chance. Years passed before the ancient people came up with a way to distinguish an individual from the crowd, referring to him by name.

There were many names in Ancient Rus'. They seem ridiculous to us now, but they noted the most characteristic signs or external features of a person: Svetlana, Chernava, Chernysh, Belyak, any properties of a newborn: Silent, Neulyba, Piskun, Jumper, Lobik.

(Appendix 1. p.2)

There were names that reflected the order of the appearance of children: First, Elder, Second, Tretiak, Chetvertunya, Fifth ... Others reflected the seasons: Winter, Veshnyak, natural phenomena: Blizzard, Frost, Christian holidays: Postnik, Meat-Eater.(Appendix 1. p.1)

Along with names, nicknames were common. They always reflected certain properties, qualities of a person or his occupation: Fisherman, Dyak, Balagur, Literate, Buffoon, Praying Mantis.

There were nicknames that indicated origin from a certain area or nationality: Muromets, Peasant, Kazan, Novozhil, Nesvoy, Tatar. There were nicknames that came from the name of the food: Kovriga, Borsch, Sugar. Many of the nicknames have turned into surnames.

There were also names of a different order, dating back to ancient beliefs. These are “bad” names that were allegedly able to ward off evil spirits, illness, death: Nemil, Nekras, Dislike, Neustroy, Malice, Old ...

The origin of Russian names is closely connected with the history of the country. Even in the annals of the 11th century, one can find well-known names (Oleg, Igor, Gleb, Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Olga) and unfamiliar ones (Rurik, Askold, Budimir, Luchezar, Milolika, Gorislava). From these names breathes antiquity, heroic and glorious campaigns of ancient Russian princes.

Even in pagan times, Christian names appeared on the East Slavic lands, which were brought by the Varangians, called to Rus'. It is known that the warriors from the squad of Prince Igor were Christians.

At that historical time, three groups of names were used in Rus': simple and dual-basic Old Slavic names (Bazhen, Vladimir, Svyatoslav, Lada, Lyudmila), Scandinavian names that have become familiar (Oleg, Igor, Olga, Askold) and names used by the church (Ivan, Fedor , Elena).

Interestingly, the Russian name Ivan has many relatives scattered all over the world: the English name John, the German Johannes, Johann, the French Jean, the Italian Giovanni, the Swedish Johan, the Danish Jens, the Spanish Juan, the Arabic Johanna ...

With the adoption of Christianity from Byzantium, Bulgaria, the countries of the West and the Middle East, new calendar names came to Rus' (Anisim, Anna, Maria, Elizabeth).

At baptism, a person was given a second, calendar name - ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Old Persian and others.

A foreign name was incomprehensible to a Russian person, they used it only in documents, but did not use it in everyday life. For example, in the documents Stefan, John, Glukerya, Xenia, and in everyday life Stepan, Ivan, Lukerya, Aksinya. The church branded the ancient Russian names as pagan.

At baptism, the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir was given the name Vasily, Princess Olga - Elena, Prince Yaropolk - Peter ...

In the 17th-19th centuries, the lists of calendar names were revised and their number increased. There were about 900 male names, and 250 female names.

The old calendar names are varied.

Some names stand out from the general mass as very short: Yves, Or, Iya, Agn, Var, Guy, Day, Leo, Cyrus, Ada, Aza, Eve, Zoya, Leah ...

The shortest also include monosyllabic names: Vass, Vlas, Gleb, Karp, Klim, Lavr, Maur, Mark ...

The longest and most difficult to pronounce, almost never found in our time, are: Exakustodian, Nyctopolian, Asclepiodotus, Thessaloniki.

As a result of a number of transformations, a set of paired names was obtained, i.e. those that can belong to both women and men:

Agniy - Agnia, Anastasy - Anastasia, Cyrus - Kira, Nataly - Natalia, Alexander - Alexandra, Eugene - Eugene ...

In the 18-19 centuries, calendar names acquired a foreign sound, as French and English were used in high society. As a result, Peter turned into Pierre, Natalya into Natalie, Nikolai into Nicolas, Nadezhda into Nadine, Elizabeth into Betsy. At that time, many were already giving children euphonious foreign names, and baptism was treated as formal.

Among modern Russian names there are Old Russian ones, as well as those created after the October Revolution.

Then society tried to do away with the old life and create everything new, including names. (Spark, Revolution, Genius, Radium, Electron, Grace, Will). These names did not stick. They also gave names according to the names of the months: October, November, Maya. The most popular were the names formed from several first or initial letters of the leaders' names: Vladlen (Vladimir Lenin), Marlene (Marx, Lenin), Donara (daughter of the people).

If only you are smart

Don't let the guys

So fancy names

Like Proton and Atom.

Mother wanted to please

Blonde daughter.

That's what I thought to call

Daughter Dictatorship.

Though her family called her

Dita for short

On the parents of the ball

The girl is angry.

For another father was looking for

The name is smarter

And he finally called

Daughter his idea.

Called mother and sister

Girl Idea.

And the guys from the yard

They began to call the Indian.

………………………

Let father and mother understand

What's up with this nickname

Age will have to age

Unfortunate children...

S. Marshak. "In defense of children".

Currently, 95% of Russian people have old traditional Russian calendar names. Among these names there are widely known, and there are rare, unfamiliar ones.

In the "Dictionary of Russian Personal Names" by N.A. Petrakovsky, there are about 2600 names. This number includes Old Slavic, calendar and modern names. An ordinary person hardly knows more than 500 names. The reason for this is the fashion for names. In Russian nomenology, this fashion changes after about 10-20 years.

Common names (Alexander, Andrey, Viktor, Sergey, Marina, Natalya, Tatyana) are supplemented by previously little-used names (Anton, Arkhip, Zakhar, Daria, Zlata) and very beautiful Old Slavic names (Vseslav, Ladimir, Lubomir, Milolika).

1.2. The name determines the fate.

“There is no such word in the language that, in terms of its influence on your character and destiny, in terms of the power of expressing feelings, in terms of usage, could be compared with your name. The name can sound like a request or an order, like a reproach or approval, like a slap or caress. Pierre Rouge.

The power of the name is great, and this has been known since the time when the first people learned to speak. They did not doubt that the whole life of a person and an entire community is predestined and contained in a name.

In ancient times, people perceived names materially, as an integral part of a person. They hid their names from their enemies, believing that knowing the name alone was enough to harm someone. Sometimes they wrote the names of their enemies on their heels in order to trample them while walking and thereby do evil to the bearers of these names.

And among the Indians of the Kwakiutl tribe, a person borrowing had to leave as a pledge not something, but ... his name! And until he repays the debt, all members of the tribe considered this man nameless and did not call him by name.

No one can better choose a name for a child than the one who will feed the baby, take care of him and educate him - his mother. Only the mother has the right to decide what name her baby will bear.

To give a name meant to give a destiny that could not be changed. The name is a kind of code. The one who has this code has power over the person himself.

The name has a special meaning at the first meeting. The most ancient and deepest meaning of acquaintance is that, by revealing his name, a person gives another person great trust - "I know that, knowing my name, you will not harm me."

Knowing the name made it possible to influence fate. The name is like a formula for happiness and health. Each name carries a store of energy. The “stronger” the name, the more possibilities dormant in us will be manifested, the more fully the personality will be realized.

Sometimes people decide to change their name, or take a pseudonym for themselves. The most common reason for this is that the name causes ridicule among others. (Grace Neumytova, Belyan Gryaznova, Rudolf Stepanovich ...) In such cases, the name most often does not really suit this person. You can have a very beautiful name, but feel as bad with it as in badly tailored clothes. Hence the desire to change it.

But we should not forget that the change of name entails a break with the past, the beginning of movement in a new direction. It's like a new birth.

Most often, actors change their names and surnames so that the name sounds better, is easier to remember. There are examples when a name change had a beneficial effect on a person’s fate, but there were also unsuccessful and even dramatic cases.

Any of us knows and remembers, and sometimes does not realize that these are not real names and surnames: Stanislavsky, Arkady Gaidar, Maxim Gorky, Mark Twain, Lenin, Stalin ...

2. What do the names mean.

2.1. The meaning of names.

"My name is Alice and I...

Pretty stupid name! - impatiently

Humpty interrupted her. – What does it mean?

Is the name supposed to mean anything?

asked a perplexed Alice.

Without a doubt, Humpty Dumpty snorted.

L. Carroll. " Alice in the Wonderland».

In history lessons in grade 3, we learned that each name means something. We wanted to better understand this issue. We read special literature, encyclopedias.

For example, Greek and Roman names emphasized moral and physical dignity in people..(Appendix 2. p.1)

Greek names:

Andrew - "courageous"

Alexander - "protector"

Alexey - "protective"

Eugene - "noble"

Nikita - "winner"

Tikhon - "happy"

Zoya - "life"

Elena - "sparkling"

Sophia - "wise"

Galina - "calm"

Aksinya - "alien"

Angelina - "messenger"

Anastasia - "reborn"

Larisa - "seagull"

Roman names:

Victor - "winner"

Valery - "healthy, strong"

Marina - "sea"

Natalya - "native"

Maxim - "the greatest"

Vialetta - "little violet"

Margarita - "pearl"

Stele - "star"

Hebrew names:

Michael - "equal to God"

Elijah - "the power of God"

Elizabeth - "an oath to God"

Susanna - "white lily"

Daniel - "judgment of God"

Ivan - "God's favor"

Maria - "bitter, mistress"

Anna - "mercy"

Old Slavic names:

Vladimir - "owning the world"

Vyacheslav - "more glorious"

Stanislav - "glorious for his fortress"

Zlata - "golden"

Faith is a translation of the Greek. Them. Pistis

Lada - "sweet, perfect"

Lyudmila - "dear to people"

Scandinavian names:

Oleg - "holy, sacred"

Olga - "saint"

We asked the students of our school if they knew what their names meant. Almost none of them knew this, and many became interested in learning more about their name.

2.2. Me and my name.

We learned what other people's names mean. It became interesting to us, what do our names mean - Anna and Timofey.

Anna is a Hebrew name meaning "mercy." Also, this name is characterized by such positive qualities as a sense of duty, kindness, caring. She achieves great success in her studies. She has a sharp mind and a wonderful memory. But there are also negative qualities, imperiousness, the desire to solve everything at once. This name was worn by queens, empresses, singers, ballerinas, poetesses.

Timothy is a Greek name meaning "one who worships God."

Also, this name is characterized by such positive qualities as love of life, independence, knows how to stand up for himself. Timofey thinks quickly and grasps information on the fly. He can prove himself a good organizer, friendly to people. But there are also negative qualities, cunning, hypocrisy. This name was borne by the disciple of the Apostle Paul, bishop, historian, surgeon.

3. Study of names.

Sergeys, Andreys, Ivans,

Irinami, Marinami, Tatyana

Now they are trying to name the children.

And there was a time - strange names

They were given by their father and mother ...

E. Dolmatovsky.

3.1. Study of the names of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 2".

We conducted a study of the names of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 2".

The school has 485 students who were born from 1992 to 2001. What names were given to children in these years?

The most popular male names of these years:

• Alexander - 21 people
• Andrey - 16 people
• Alexey - 16 people
• Dmitry - 14 people
• Artyom - 12 people
• Maxim - 12 people
• Sergey - 10 people
• Kirill -10 people
• Vladimir - 8 people
• Ivan - 8 people

The rarest male names are Anton, Anatoly, Akim, Boris, Valentin, Victor, Matvey, Gleb, Grigory, Georgy, Semyon, Timur, Leonid, Oleg, Timofey, Philip, Fedor, Yuri (for - 1 person).

The most popular female names of these years:

• Ekaterina - 18 people

• Anastasia - 16 people
• Natalia - 13 people
• Christina - 11 people

• Daria - 10 people

• Svetlana - 10 people
• Anna - 9 people.
• Olga - 9 people
• Elizabeth - 8 people
• Tatyana - 7 people

The rarest female names are Albina, Antonida, Varvara, Vialetta, Karina, Larisa, Lyudmila, Marina, Nina, Olesya, Polina, Tamara, Ulyana (1 person each).

We also conducted a survey of students on the following questions:

1. Do you like your name? (Not really).

We received the following responses:

	Questions.	Yes	No	Don't know
	Do you like your name?		25 %
	What names do you like and what do you not?	Kirill, Oleg, Denis, David, Roman, Arseny, Sergey, Svyatogor, Yaroslav, Victoria, Anna, Evelina, Aksiniya, Taisya, Xenia, Maria, Sophia, Veronica, Glafira, Tatyana, Daria, Elizabeth, Diana,	Igor, Mikhail Gennady, Peter, Vasily, Polina, Nina, Valentina, Ekaterina.

Conclusions: According to the responses, we see that the majority of students in our school like their names (65%), but there are children who do not like their names (25%), they even suggested other names for themselves that they would like to have. And 10% did not think about their name.

We were very pleased and even surprised by the students' answers to the second question (Which names do you like and which do not?). Many called little-used Old Slavic names. From the answers it is clear that the guys like beautiful, sonorous names. I would like to hope that when they have their own children, they will bear just such names.

It is also interesting that the most popular female name in school is Ekaterina, but it is on the list of names that people don’t like. The students said that there are a lot of children with the same names at school, and they don't like it very much.

3.2. Research of the names of children of the kindergarten "Firefly".

We conducted a study of the names of the children of the kindergarten "Firefly". There are 143 children in the kindergarten who were born in 2002-2006. What names were given to children in these years?

The most popular male names are

• Danil - 7 people.
• Ilya - 6 people.
• Alexander - 6 people
• Denis - 5 people.
• Nikita - 4 people
• Artyom - 4 people

The rarest male names are Ivan, Matvey, Mark, Vyacheslav, Gleb, Stepan, Leo, Semyon, Timur, Prokhor, Leonid, Hector, Arthur (1 person each).

The most popular female names are

• Anastasia - 6 people
• Angelina - 6 people
• Alexandra - 4 people

The rarest female names are Alena, Vlad, Angela, Arina, Snezhanna, Elvira, Julia, Larisa, Lilia, Lydia (1 person each).

Conclusions: this shows that those names that are popular now (Alexander, Artyom, Anastasia) were popular 10 years ago. And the names Angelina and Danil have become much more popular than they were 10-15 years ago.

3.3. Work with archival documents of the city registry office.

We turned to the employees of the Berezovsky registry office to find out what names were given to our townspeople many years ago and what they are giving now.

Here's what they told us. In the 20th century, the names were popular: Tatyana, Vera, Natalya, Ekaterina, Lyudmila, Sergey, Vladimir, Vasily, Andrey, Nikolai, Oleg, Alexander, Anatoly, Eduard, Ilya ...

Rare names were also given: Elisha, Eleanor, Dina ...

In the 21st century: Maria, Anastasia, Catherine, Elizabeth, Danil, Kirill, Nikita, Alexander…

Now there are also such rare names as Evelina, Karina, Mark, Hector, Leo, Vsevolod ...

Conclusion: as we can see, the names Alexander, Andrey, Elizabeth, Maria, Anastasia, Ekaterina are always popular. The names Anatoly, Eduard, Ilya, Vasily, Vera, Natalya, Lyudmila are now rarely found.

At all times there were parents who wanted to give their children rare, exotic names.

Conclusion.

Between living people, no one is nameless

Not at all; at the moment of birth, each, both low and noble,

He receives his name from his parents as a sweet gift ...

Homer. Odyssey.

We devoted our research work to the study of the history of names in Russia and in the city of Berezovsky. To achieve our goal, we made a historical digression into the past, traced the evolutionary development of names; learned what the names mean.

We also studied and analyzed literary sources; conducted a study of names in the kindergarten "Firefly" and in the MOU "Secondary School No. 2"; conducted a survey of teaching MOU "Secondary School No. 2"; worked with archival documents of the registry office of the city of Berezovsky.

Based on the data obtained, it can be said that at present 95% of Russian people have old traditional Russian calendar names. Among these names there are widely known, and there are rare, unfamiliar ones.Russian names have an interesting history. Fashion for names changes in about 10-20 years. But there are such names that have always been and will always be popular (Alexander, Andrei, Elizabeth, Maria, Anastasia, Catherine ...).

We were very pleased and even surprised by the students' answers to the question: what names do you like and which do not? Many called little-used Old Slavic names. From the answers it is clear that the guys like beautiful, sonorous names. I would like to hope that when they have their own children, they will bear just such names.

Working on this topic, we learned a lot of new and interesting things. Now we know not only what our names mean, but also many others; we know their history; What is the importance of a name in a person's life.

Many of our classmates are also interested in this topic.

With this work, we will perform in front of the children of our school at the lessons of history, foreign language, literature, class hours, and also replenish the fund of the city and school museums.

List of literature.

1. Gorbanevsky M. In the world of names and titles. - M: Knowledge, 1987.
2. Ivanov E. To a young erudite about everything. - M: Machaon, 2005.
3. Orlova L. Complete encyclopedia of names. – AST Publishing House LLC, 2007.
4. Prokhorov A.M. Great Soviet Encyclopedia in 30 volumes. - M: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989.
5. Saplin E.V., Saplin I.V. "Introduction to History". - M: Enlightenment, 2006.
6. Collection "Name, patronymic, surname". - Novosibirsk. "Ven-Mer", 1996.
7. Suslova A., Superanskaya A. - About Russian names. - Lenizdat, 1985.
8. Directory of personal names of the peoples of the RSFSR. - M: "Russian language", 1979.
9. Khigir B. Name and fate. -M: Kron - Press, 1995.
10. Encyclopedia for schoolchildren. - M: Enlightenment, 2006.

The directory contains brief information about the origin and meaning of some Russian names
Accepted abbreviations: Arabic - Arabic Aramaic - Aramaic Greek - Greek Gothic - Gothic OE - Old English other Heb. - Hebrew dr.-germ. - Old Germanic Old Persian - Old Persian Old Russian - Old Russian Old Scand. - Old Norse Latin. - Latin Russian. - Russian Slav. - Slavic Turk. - Turkic Ethiopian. - Ethiopian Nar. - folk is simple. - common obsolete. - obsolete august- venerable, majestic (lat.). Avdotya- sweet, glorious, supportive (Greek), Russian folk version of Evdokia. avenir- bright, shining; lit.: son of light (heb.). Averky- secretive, hostile, rejecting (lat.). Folk variant: Averyan. Averyan- secretive, hostile, rejecting (lat.). Folk version of the name Averky. Auxentius- healthy, growing, blooming (Greek). Agapit- beloved, affectionate, dear (Greek). Agathon- kind, worthy, useful (Greek). Agafya- kind, good, noble (Greek). Haggai- funny; lit.: festive (heb.). Aglaida- joyful, beautiful; lit.: daughter of Aglaya (Greek). Aglaya- cheerful, beautiful, important (Greek). In the mythology of the ancient Greeks, Aglaya is one of the Charites, the goddess of beauty, the joys of life, the personification of female charm. Agnes- pure, modest, immaculate; lit.: sheep (Greek). Agnia- pure, modest, immaculate; the same as Agnes (Greek). Agrafena- villager Russian folk version of the name Agrippina (lat.). Agrippina- working trouble-free; lit.: peasant horse (lat.). Adelaide- noble, noble; lit.: daughter of Adele (dr. German). Adeline- noble, noble; lit.: belonging to Adele (other German). Adele- noble, noble (other German), originally - Adella. Akaki- meek, gentle, ingenuous (Greek). Akim- lucky, happy; lit.: God raises up (heb.). Option: Joachim (outdated). Colloquial options: Ekim, Yakim. Akindin- faithful, reliable, not endangered (Greek). Aksinya- developing, healthy, blooming (Greek). Option: Auxinia (obsolete). Akulina- bold, proud; lit.: eagle (lat.). Folk version of the name Akilina (outdated). Alevtina- cautious, impregnable (Greek). Alexander- courageous defender, brave man (Greek). Alexandra- courageous protector (Greek). Alexei protector, protector (Greek). Alyona- bright, sunny, clear (Greek). Folk version of the name Elena. Alice- noble, noble (other German), French and English version of the name Adelaide. Alla- presumably: ruler, mistress (Goth.). Albert- noble, famous (other German). Albina- light, blond, happy (lat.). Ambrose- very pleasant, divine (Greek). Ambrosia - according to the ancient Greeks, the food and drink of the gods. Amos- industrious, industrious; lit.: burden-bearing (heb.). Ananias- rich, lucky; lit.: God is merciful to him (heb.). Anastasia- immortal (Greek). Anastaty- resurrection, resurrected (Greek) Anatoly- clear, morning; lit.: eastern (Greek). Angelina messenger, messenger (Greek). Andrey- courageous, courageous; lit.: man (Greek). Andron- a real man; lit.: conqueror of men (Greek). Abbreviated version of the name Andronicus. Anempodist- unstoppable, not encountering obstacles (Greek). Anikita- lucky, invincible (Greek). Folk variants: Anikey, Anika. Anika is the hero of an old Russian verse "About Anika and Death". He was not defeated by anyone before meeting with Death. Hence the saying: Anika is a warrior. Anisya- lovely, perfect (Greek). Not to be confused with the name Onisia. Anna- beautiful, fertile, blessed (heb.). The same as John, the female version of the male name John, Ivan. Antip- replacement for the father, an abbreviated version of the name Antipater (lat.). Anton- An ancient Roman family name. The meaning is unclear. Presumably: a person with an easy character (lat.). Antonina- cheerful, cheerful; lit.: belonging to Anton (lat.). Option: Antonida. Anfisa- blooming, bright, full of life (Greek). Option: Anfiya. Apollinaris- beautiful, smart, healing; lit.: dedicated to Apollo (see) (Greek). Apollinaria- beautiful, smart, poetic; lit.: dedicated to Apollo (Greek). Apollo- bright, beautiful, smart (Greek). Apollo is the ancient Greek god of light, beauty, prophetic gift, poetry and healing. Ardalion- fidget, troublemaker, hard worker (lat.). Arefiy- two explanations: 1) a virtuous plowman; 2) eagle (both Arabic). Ariadne beautiful, attractive (Greek). According to Greek legend, Ariadne, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos, helped the Athenian hero Theseus get out of the labyrinth palace after he killed the terrible half-beast, half-man Minotaur there. She gave Theseus a ball of thread, fastening one end at the entrance. Having accomplished the feat, the hero left the palace, holding on to the "thread of Ariadne". Arina- peaceful, calm (Greek). Russian folk version of the name Irina. Aristarch- an excellent organizer, a skillful ruler (Greek). Arkady- simple, good-natured, happy; lit.: inhabitant of Arcadia (Greek). According to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Arcadia is a country of happy, carefree existence in the bosom of nature. Arseniy- a real man, lover (Greek). Artemy- healthy (Greek). Options: Artyom, Artyom, Artamon. Archelaus- ruler, leader of the peoples (Greek). Arkhip- head of horses, senior rider (Greek). Astafy- stable (Greek). The same as Eustathius (see). Folk variant: Ostap. Athanasius- eternal, immortal (Greek). Folk variants: Afonya, Ofenya. Athanasius- full of life, immortal (Greek). Athenogen- smart, skillful, prosperous; lit.: born of Athena, goddess of the sciences, arts and peaceful prosperity (Greek). African- swarthy, black-haired; lit.: African (lat.) Bogdan- given by God (Russian). In the old days, orphans adopted in foreign families were called Bogdans, if they did not know their name. Boris- fighter for glory (Russian); an abbreviated version of the Slavic name Borislav. Bronislav- keeper of glory (glor.). Bronislava- guarding glory, honest (glorious). Budimir- tribune, orator, peacemaker (glor.). Vavila- a restless person, a fidget, a rebel (other Hebrew). Vadim- leader, teacher of the people (Russian); an abbreviated version of the old Russian name Vadimir: from vaditi - "to teach" and the world - "people". Valentine- big man, strong man (lat.). Valentine- strong, healthy, invigorating (lat.). Valerian- soothing, giving strength (lat.). Valery- strong, healthy, vigorous (lat.). Valeria- strong, healthy, vigorous (lat.). barbarian- foreigner, foreigner (Greek). Varlam- the meaning is unclear. Option: Varlaam (outdated). Bartholomew- son of Tolmay, Ptolemy (aram.). The meaning of the name Tolmai is unclear. Bartholomew is one of the twelve biblical apostles. Basil- royal, ruler: lit.: basileus, king (Greek). Basilisk- king (Greek). Vasilsa- Queen (Greek). Vassa- Queen (Greek). Abbreviated version of the name Vasilisa. Benedict- reasonably speaking, friendly; lit.: blessed (lat.). Venus- young, beautiful, beloved (lat.). In ancient Roman mythology, Venus is the daughter of Jupiter, the goddess of spring, beauty and love. Faith- faithful, unchanging (Russian). This name entered the Russian name book as a translation of the Greek name Pistis. Veronica- lucky; lit.: victorious (Greek). Vivey- lively, fresh, ardent (lat.). Vincent- victorious, excellent (lat.). Victor- winner (lat.). Victoria- victory (lat.). Virineya- young, blooming (lat.). Vissarion- Forest man; lit.: inhabitant of the forest valley - bessy (Greek). Vitaly- alive, healthy; lit.: life-giving (lat.). Vitalina- living, viable, durable (lat.). Vladimir- lord of the world, ruler (glory). Russian version of the name: Volodymyr. Vladislav- glorious, famous; lit.: possessing glory (glory). Vladislav- glorious, famous, venerable (glorious). Vlas- hairy, curly (glory). A variant of the name of the ancient Slavic god Veles (Volos), the patron saint of domestic animals. Option: Vlasy (outdated). Boniface- kind, sympathetic, doing good (lat.). Vsevolod- rich, owning everything (other Russian). Vukol- shepherd (Greek) Cf. expression: bucolic poetry is a kind of literature that describes the life of a shepherd in the bosom of nature. Vyacheslav- the most famous, glorious (other Russian). Gavril- strong, powerful; lit.: God is my strength (heb.). Options: Gabriel (obsolete), Gabriel (simple). Galaction- blond, white; lit.: milky (Greek). Colloquial option: Laktion. Galina- quiet, calm, serene (Greek). Gennady- noble, son of respectable parents (Greek). Henrietta- hostess (dr.-germ.). Henry- master; lit.: the owner of the estate (Old German). George- peasant, plowman, farmer (Greek). Folk variants of this name: Yegor, Yuri (see). Gerasim- venerable, respected (Greek). Hermogenes- smart, hardy, quick; lit.: born of Hermes (Greek). Hermes among the ancient Greeks is the messenger of the Olympic gods, the guide of souls in the world of the dead, the patron of travelers and cattle breeders, the god of trade, the inventor of the lyre and the shepherd's flute, the alphabet and numbers. The same as Mercury among the Romans. Glafiira- graceful, slender, courteous (Greek). Gleb- strong, healthy, courageous (other German). The Russian version of this name (Golob) is preserved in the name of the settlement in Volhynia - Goloby. Glyceria- sweet, sweet, beloved (Greek). Gordey- the meaning is unclear (Greek). In ancient Greece, there was a legend about the farmer Gordias, who invented the wheel and made a cart. When the inhabitants of Phrygia elected him king, he founded the city of Gordion and donated his cart to the temple of Zeus. He tied a yoke to her drawbar with a very complex knot. The oracle at the same time predicted that the one who untied the knot would be the ruler of the world. According to legend, Alexander the Great simply cut the "Gordian knot" with a sword. Gradislava- honest, cherishing his glory (glor.). Granislav- perfecting his glory (glory). From granite - "grind" and glory. Granislava- perfecting its glory (glor.). Gregory- awake, vigilant, cautious (Greek). Gury- a young man with beautiful eyes, handsome (arab.). In Muslim mythology, the houris are heavenly maidens, distinguished by their beauty. Another explanation: a lion cub (ancient Hebrew). Davyd- beloved, beloved (heb.). Option: David (obsolete). Danil- a fair person; lit.: my judge is God (heb.). Options: Daniil (outdated), Danilo. Darina- a gift of fate (Russian). Another explanation: the same as Daria. Daria- rich, domineering (other Persian). Dementy- a joker, a deceiver; lit.: maddening (lat.). Demid- prosperous, happy; lit.: Zeus takes care of him (Greek). Option: Diomede (obsolete). Demyan- the name has two interpretations: 1) people's choice; 2) conqueror, tamer (both Greek). Option: Damian (obsolete). Denis- merry fellow (Greek). Option: Dionysius (obsolete). In the mythology of the ancient Greeks, Dionysus is the god of wine, poetic inspiration, theatrical art and cheerful folk gatherings. Dina- lively, mobile, restless (Greek). Another explanation: avenged (heb.). Dmitriy- farmer, peasant lit.: Dedicated to Demeter (Greek). Demeter among the ancient Greeks is the goddess of agriculture and fertility. Dobrognev- fair in anger (glory.). Dobromila- kind, merciful (glorious). Dobroslav- famous for its kindness (glor.). Blast furnace- hostess, imperious, managerial; lit.: mistress (lat.). Donat- the long-awaited son, a gift of fate (lat.). Dorotheus- long-awaited, desired; lit.: gift of God (Greek). evangelina- Bringing good news (Greek). Eugene- noble, son of good parents (Greek). Evgeniya- noble, falling into sublime feelings (Greek). Evgraf- graceful, beautiful; lit.: written handsome man (Greek). Evdokim- venerable, enjoying good fame (Greek). Evdokia- glorious, kind, supportive; lit.: blessing (Greek). Eulalia- eloquent, possessing oratorical talent (Greek). Evlampy- light, shiny; lit.: blessing (Greek). Eulampia- bright, sunny, enlightened (Greek). Eularia- beautiful, charming singer (Greek). Eupl- an excellent swimmer (Greek). Folk variant: Eupol. Eupraxia- happy, prosperous (Greek). Yevsey- pious, venerable, respected (Greek). Option: Eusebius (outdated). Evstafiy- calm, persistent, balanced (Greek). Options: Astafy, Ostap. Evstigney- noble, excellent (Greek). Eustolia- richly dressed, rich (Greek). Eustrat- an excellent warrior, strategist (Greek). Option: Eustratius (outdated). Eutychius happy (Greek) Option: Euthytheus. Euphalia- luxuriantly blooming, prolific (Greek). Euphemia- decent, friendly (Greek). Folk variants: Efimya, Ofimya. Egor- farmer, peasant (Greek). Russian folk version of the name George. Catherine- gentle, meek, purest (Greek). Elena- bright, clear, sunny (Greek). Options: Alena, Olena. Elizabeth- faithful, respectful; lit.: "I swear to God" (heb.). Elizar- benevolent, helpful; lit.: God helped (heb.). Option: Eleazar (outdated). Eliconida- talented, dedicated to the muses; lit.: inhabitant of Helikon (Greek). In ancient Greece, the mountain was called Helikon, where, according to myths, the Muses lived - goddesses who patronized the arts. Elisha- desirable, wonderful, beautiful (Greek). Wed Elysium - a paradise in ancient mythology, the place of residence of the souls of the righteous. Another explanation: God helped (heb.). Emelyan- slender, solid, serious (Greek). Another explanation: belonging to the ancient Roman family of Aemilia; presumably: zealous, zealous (lat.). Folk options: Emelya, Omelya. Epifan- prominent, noble, glorious (Greek). Option: Epiphanius (outdated). Erast- lovely, sweet, amiable (Greek). Option: Erast. Eremey- exalted; lit.: exalted by God (other Heb.). Options: Jeremiah (obsolete), Yerema (simple). Yermolai- happy, dexterous, eloquent; lit.: a man from a clan patronized by Hermes - the god of trade and profit, dexterity and eloquence (Greek). Erofei- happy, fortunate; lit.: consecrated by God (Greek). Option: Hierofey (obsolete). Yefim- respectful, modest (Greek). Option: Evfimy (obsolete). Ephraim- viable, prolific (other Hebrew). Euphrosyne- joyful, cheerful, laughing (Greek). Jeanne - European version from John, Ivanna; see Ivan. Zakhar- lucky, happy; lit.: God remembers him (heb.). Options: Zechariah, Zechariah (outdated). Zinaida- beautiful, divine; lit.: daughter of the god Zeus (Greek). Zinovy- long-awaited, desired; lit.: who received life at the will of Zeus (Greek). Zlata- fair-haired, golden (glorious). Zosima- vital, tenacious; lit.: marked with the sign of life (Greek). Zoya- live, mobile; lit.: life itself (Greek). Ivan- beautiful, rich, wonderful; lit.: the grace of God (heb.). The name Ivan, which has become synonymous with the word "Russian" outside of Russia, comes from the Hebrew Jehochanan - "God's beloved, promised land." Through the Greek Johann, the Bulgarian John turned into the Russian Ivan. Option: John (obsolete). Ignat- modest, humble; lit.: commoner (lat.). Option: Ignatius. Igor- a diligent farmer (Old Scand.). The ancient Scandinavians Ing - "the god of fertility and abundance", varr - "attentive". The name Ingvar, Igor came to Rus' with the Varangians: one of the first Kyiv princes of the 9th century, Igor was the son of the Varangian Rurik. In Russian chronicles, Russian princes with the name Ingvar are encountered more than once. isosim- viable, marked with the sign of life (Greek). Folk version of the name Zosima (see). Hilarion- cheerful, joyful (Greek). Folk variant: Larion. Ilaria- cheerful, joyful (Greek). Iliodor gift from the sun (Greek) Ilya- faithful to God, strong, incorruptible; lit.: Yahweh is my god (heb.). Inessa- pure, immaculate (Greek). The same as Agnes. In the Russian name book, the name Inessa came from Spain. Innocent- honest, disinterested, impeccable (lat.). John- beautiful, rich, wonderful (heb.). The same as Ivan (see). Job- persecuted (ancient Hebrew). Joel- the Lord God himself (heb.) (obsolete). And she- dove (ancient Hebrew). Options: Ion, Yvon. Joseph- diligent, helpful; lit.: the grace of God (heb.). Folk variant: Osip. Ipat- high (Greek). Option: Hypatium. Hippolyte- rider unharnessing horses (Greek). Heraclius- strongman, giant, Hercules; lit.: overshadowed by the glory of Hera - the goddess of love and married life (Greek) Irina- peaceful, calm; lit.: goddess of peaceful life (Greek). Folk options: Arina, Orina. Irinarch- peaceful ruler, peacemaker (Greek). Irenaeus- calm, peaceful (Greek). Wed female name Irina (see). Iroid- bold, courageous; lit.: hero's daughter (Greek). Isakiy- cheerful, funny; lit.: he will laugh (heb.). Options: Isaac (obsolete), Isak. And I- violet, levkoy (Greek). Kaleria- hot, ardent; lit.: flammable (lat.). viburnum- handsome (Greek). The Russian version of the name - Kalin - is found in fairy tales. Callinicus- glorious winner; lit.: beautifully victorious (Greek). Options: Kalenik, Kalina (see). Callista- beautiful, graceful (Greek). Callistratus- an excellent commander (Greek). Capitolina- smart, important; lit.: servant of the main Roman temple of the Capitol (lat.). Kapiton- reasonable person, leader; lit.: big head (lat.). Carp- viable; lit.: fruit (Greek). Kasyan- fair; lit.: belonging to the ancient Roman family of Cassius, consuls and tribunes, distinguished by strictness and justice (lat.). Option: Cassian (obsolete). Kelsius- mobile, lively (Greek); exalted (lat.) Kensorin- severe moralist, strict critic; letters. belonging to the censor (lat.). Kypriyan- a resident of the island of Cyprus, Cypriot (Greek). Folk variant: Kupriyan. Kirill- domineering, powerful (Greek). Kiryan- chief, lord, lord (Greek). Option: Kirian (obsolete). Claudian- belonging to Claudius (lat.). Folk variant: Claudian. Claudius- lame (lat.). Claudia- shaky, unstable; lit.: lame (lat.). Clara- clear, glorious, famous (lat.). Klementy- meek, merciful, affectionate (lat.). Options: Kliment, Klim. Clementine- meek, calm, affectionate (lat.). Option: Clementine. Kondrat- stocky, folding; lit.: square (lat.). Option: Kondraty. Conon- (Greek). The meaning is unclear. In ancient Greece, the following were known: Konon the naval commander (IV century BC), Konon the mathematician and astronomer (III century BC) and Konon the grammarian and writer, the author of many stories about gods and heroes ( 1st century AD). Konstantin- persistent, resolute, unshakable (lat.). Roots- hard, rigid; lit.: horn-like (lat.). Options: Kornil, Cornelius. Another explanation: dogwood berry (lat.). Ksenia- hospitable, kind (Greek). Xenophon- a person who speaks a foreign language, a foreigner (Greek). Kuzma- beautiful, peaceful, bright (Greek). Options: Kozma, Kosma (obsolete). The name of the same root with the modern words "cosmos", "cosmetics". Lawrence- the winner, crowned with laurels; laureate (lat.) Folk variant: Laver. Lada- dear, beloved (other Russian). The ancient Russians worshiped Lada, the goddess of love and marriage. The modern expression "way in the family" is of the same origin as this name. Ladimir- peace-loving, getting along with the world (glor.). Lazarus- asking for help; lit.: God's help (heb.). The popular expression "sing Lazarus", that is, "ask for help", reflects the meaning of the name. Option: Elizar (see). Larisa- charming, pleasant; lit.: seagull (Greek). a lion- mighty, courageous; lit.: lion (Greek). Options: Levon, Leon. Leonid- lion cub (Greek). Leonty- courageous, strong; lit.: lion (Greek). liberium- free, free, independent (lat.). Lydia- Asian; lit.: a resident of the country of Lydia, Lydian (Greek). The ancient Greeks called Lydians not only Asia Minor, but also Ethiopians, Egyptians, Libyans. Lily- blonde; lit.: white lily (lat.). Leah- slim, fast; lit.: antelope (heb.). Login- high; lit.: long (lat.). Options: Loggin, Longin (outdated). Luke- light, clear (lat.). Variants: Lukyan (simple), Lukyan (obsolete) Lukerya- sweet, sweet, beloved (Greek). Folk variant of the name Glykeria. Lukiya- light, brilliant, incendiary (lat.). Lupp- wolf (lat.). Lyubava- beloved, dear, adored (other Russian). love- beloved, dear (Russian). Abbreviated version of the name Lubomir (see). Love- beloved, adored (Russian). It entered the Russian name book as a literal translation of the Greek name Agape. Lubomir- peaceful, peace-loving (glor.). Ludmila- sweet to people, kind, sympathetic (Russian). Maura- dark-skinned, brunette; lit.: Moorish (Greek). Makar- happy, satisfied, rich (Greek). Option: Macarius (obsolete). Maccabeus- stupid (Greek) Option: McKay. Makrida- thin (lat.). Options: Makrina, Mokrida (simple). Maksim- great, greatest (lat.). Malachi- the messenger of God (ancient Hebrew). Options: Malachi (obsolete), Malafei. Mamant- presumably: sucker (Greek) (obsolete). Folk variant: Mammoth. Manoilo- brave, lucky; lit.: God is with us (heb.). Options: Manuilo, Immanuel, Emmanuel. margarita- pearl, pearl (lat.). maremyana- glorious, excellent (heb.). Folk variant of the name Marianne. Marina- sailor; lit.: belonging to the sea (lat.) Maria- glorious, instructive, excellent (heb.). Option: Mary. Mark- ancient Roman family name; lit.: hammer (lat.). Another explanation: fading (lat.). Markel- hammer (lat.). Martin- militant; lit.: dedicated to Mars, the ancient Roman god of war (lat.). Option: Martin (obsolete). Martha- madam (aram.). Option: Martha. Matvey- a gift of God (dr. Heb.) The same as the Russian name Bogdan or the Greek Theodosius, Fedot. Matryona- venerable, respected mother of the family (lat.). Melania- dark-skinned woman (Greek). Another explanation: melancholic, thoughtful (Greek). Folk variant: Malanya. Meletius- caring, diligent, hardworking (Greek) Option: Melentius. Melitina- sweet, pleasant; lit.: honey (lat.). Merkul- fast, agile; lit.: from the merchant rank (lat.). Derived from the Latin name Mercury. In Roman mythology, Mercury is the god of trade. Methodius- purposeful, consistent in their actions, methodical (Greek). Milava- sweet, pretty (other Russian). Militsa- dear, beloved (glory). Milon- sweet, gentle, wonderful (Russian). Abbreviated version of the Slavic name Miloneg. Myron- peace-loving, finding happiness in a peaceful life (Russian). Abbreviated version of the Slavic name Mironeg. Misail- desired; letters. asked from God (heb.). Mitrodor- beloved son; lit.: mother's gift (Greek). Mitrofan- mother's joy; bringing glory to the mother (Greek). Michael- powerful, smart, beautiful; lit.: equal to the god Yahweh (heb.). Micah- powerful, smart, beautiful (heb.). The same as Michael (see). Modest- modest, calm, reasonable (lat.). Mokey- merry fellow; lit.: mocker (Greek). Option: Moky (outdated). Muse- smart, talented, graceful (Greek). In ancient Greek mythology, there were nine muses, patron goddesses of sciences and arts: Euterpe - the goddess of lyrical poetry and music, Calliope - epic, Clio - history, Melpomene - tragedies, Polyhymnia - hymns, Thalia - comedy, Terpsichore - dances, Urania - astronomy, Erato - love poetry. Hope- faithful, reliable (Russian). Folk variant: Hope. The name entered the Russian name book as a literal translation of the Greek name Elpis. Nazar- devoted to God, a monk; lit.: he dedicated himself to God (heb.). Natalia- native (lat.). Option: Natalia. Naum- consoling (dr. Heb.). Nellie- Derived from Neonilla. neonilla- young, new (Greek). Folk variant: Nenila. Nestor- old sage (Greek). In Russian nomenology, this name has existed for about a thousand years. From history, the monk Nestor is known - the compiler of one of the most ancient Russian chronicles, The Tale of Bygone Years. Nefed novice, newcomer (Greek). Option: Neophyte (obsolete). Nikandr- winner of husbands, daredevil (Greek). Nicanor- Seeing victory (Greek). Nikita glorious winner (Greek). Option: Nikifor. Nikifor- glorious winner, victorious (Greek). Nicodemus- winner of the peoples (Greek). The same as Nicholas (see). Nicholas- winner of the peoples (Greek). Folk variant: Nikola. Nina- there are three interpretations of this name: 1) dreamer, dreamer (from the Slavic verb ninati - "to doze off", "to dream"); 2) an abbreviated version of the name Antonina (see), often used in Spain; 3) the female version of the name of the Assyrian king Nina (the meaning is unclear). Nifont- snow-white (Greek). The ancient Greeks called the Caucasus with the word Nifantes - "Snowy". Nonna- ninth in the family (lat.). Oksana- hospitable. Ukrainian folk version of the name Xenia. Oleg- bright, clear, sunny (other Scandinavian). Wed female name Olga (see). Olympics- strong, fast, enduring (Greek). Weasel: Linden, Lima, Lily, Olya, Pia, Ada. Olga- light, clear, sunny, golden-haired (Old Scand.) Russified Norman Helga with the same meaning. The root "hel" was borrowed by the languages ​​of the Germanic group from ancient Greek: hel - "solar"; German hell - "light". The same as Elena. Another interpretation: holy (Varangian). Onesimus- beneficent, healing (Greek). Not to be confused with the consonant name Anisim. Onisia- beneficial, healing pain (Greek). Not to be confused with the name Anisya. Osip- diligent owner (heb.). Folk variant of the name Joseph. Hosea- an assistant who brings salvation (heb.). Ostap- stable, constant (Greek). The same as Eustathius, Astafius. Paul- small, graceful (lat.). Paul- small, graceful (lat.). Option: Polina. Paisios- merry fellow, dancer, joker. Another explanation: child, baby (both Greek). Palladium- invincible, talented, hardworking; lit.: the image of Pallas Athena - the goddess of victorious war, sciences, arts and crafts (Greek). According to legend, palladium was the amulet of the city of Troy for a long time, but after its abduction by Odysseus and Diomedes, Troy was defeated and destroyed. Pankrat- almighty, omnipotent (Greek). Panteleimon- all-merciful, one of a kind (Greek). Option: Panteley. Panfil- beloved, sweet, pleasant (Greek). Option: Pamphil (obsolete). Paramon- reliable, faithful, tenacious (Greek). Option: Parmen. Parmen- reliable, faithful, tenacious (Greek). Variant of the name Paramon. Parthenius- honest, well-behaved, unspoiled; lit.: like a girl (Greek). Option: Parfen. Parthenia- honest, pure, immaculate; lit.: virgin (Greek). patrickey- noble, noble; lit.: patrician (lat.). Option: Patricius (obsolete). Pahom- fat, plump, massive (Greek). Option: Pachomius (outdated). Pelagia- sailor (Greek). Option: Pelagia. Peter- solid, reliable; lit.: stone (Greek). Pigasius- inspiring, talented; lit.: winged horse (Greek). In ancient Greek mythology, the winged horse Pegasus knocked out the spring of Hippocrene on Helikon, inspiring poets. Pimen- supervisor; lit.: shepherd (Greek). Plato- powerful, broad-shouldered (Greek). Platonides- stocky (Greek). Polyeuct- longed for, long-awaited, desired (Greek). Folk variant: Poluekt. Polycarp- viable; lit.: multiple (Greek). Polyxenia- very hospitable (Greek). Pauline- small, graceful (lat.). Same as Paul. semi-project- longed for, long-awaited, desired (Greek). Folk variant of the name Polievkt. Porfiry- fair-haired, purple, crimson, (Greek). Potap- a stranger, a stranger, it is not known whose (Greek). Option: Potapy (outdated). Praskovya- thrifty, secured; lit.: Friday (Greek). Folk variants: Paraskovya, Paraskeva. Prov- honest, modest, decent (lat.). Proclus- glorious from a young age (Greek). Procopius- careful, vigilant; lit.: drawing a sword from its scabbard (Greek). Option: Prokop. Protogen- first-born (Greek). Prokhor- sang, merry fellow, dancer (Greek). Pud- perfect, honest, bashful (lat.). Pulcheria- beautiful, glorious, noble (lat.) Radomir- pleasing people, rejoicing about the world (glory). Raisa- carefree, careless, light (Greek). Raphael- healing, healing; lit.: God cured (heb.). Rimma- beautiful, pleasant; lit.: apple In the Hebrew nomenclature, this name was masculine. Robert- sparkling with glory (other German). Rodion- hero, hero, daredevil (Greek). Abbreviated version of the name Herodion. Another explanation: buying roses (Greek). Rose- pink, blush, rose (flower) (lat.). Novel- important, imperious, proud; lit.: Roman (lat.). Russian- Russian, son of Russia (Russian). Rostislav- multiplying the glory of the father (glor.). Ruslan- curly, happy, lucky (Greek). Another explanation: lion (Turk.). Option: Yeruslan (outdated). ruf- golden flower, red-haired (lat.). Rufina- golden-haired (lat.). Savva- man (Ethiopian). Another explanation: old man, grandfather (aram.). Savvaty- rich, joyful; lit.: born on Saturday (heb.). For Jews, Saturday is a holiday. Options: Savatiy, Savatey. Savely- desired, long-awaited; lit.: asked from God (heb.). Option: Savel. Samoilo- happy, fortunate; lit.: heard by God (heb.). Option: Samuel (outdated). Samson- strong man, strong man, daredevil; in the bible, Samson is the last of the twelve judges of Israel, who possessed unprecedented physical strength contained in his hair; lit.: solar (heb.). Svetlan- a person with a bright soul, blond (glory). Svetlana- bright, clean, clear (glor.). Svyatoslav- sacredly keeping his honor and glory (glor.). Sebastian- domineering, revered (Greek). Option: Sebastian. Severyan- strict, severe, hardened (lat.). Selivan- villager; lit.: forest (lat.). Option: Selifan (outdated). Among the ancient Romans, Silvanus is the god of forests and wildlife, the patron of cultivated agriculture and cattle breeding. Semyon- lucky; lit.: heard by God (heb.). Option: Simeon (outdated). Seraphim- fiery, hot, domineering (heb.). Seraphim, fiery six-winged angels - guardians of God's throne in a number of religions. Seraphim- fiery, burning (heb.). In a number of religions, seraphim are fiery six-winged angels guarding the throne of God. Sergey- ancient Roman family name; presumably: highly esteemed, respected; another explanation: watchman (both Latin). Option: Sergius (outdated). Sidor- farmer; lit.: the gift of Isis - the goddess of agriculture (Greek). Option: Isidore (obsolete) Force- strong, mighty (Russian). Another explanation: an abbreviated version of the name Siluyan (see). Siluyan- villager; lit.: forest man (lat.). The same as Selivan (see). Sylvester- villager; lit.: living in the forest or in the steppe (lat.). The same as Selivan, Siluyan (see). Folk variant: Seliverst. Simon- lucky; lit.: heard by God (heb.). The same as Simon. Snezhana- light, blond, snowy (slav.). Sozon- saving (Greek). Variants: Sozont, Sozonty (obsolete). Sofron- modest, restrained, prudent (Greek). Sofia- smart, quick-witted; lit.: wisdom (Greek). Option: Sofia (outdated). Spiridon- beloved, dear; lit.: gift of the soul. Another explanation: energetic, lively (both Latin), basket (Greek). Stanislav- claiming his glory (glor.). Stanislav- glorifying (glorious). Stepan- crowned, laureate; lit.: wreath (Greek). Option: Stephanie (obsolete). Stepanida- glorious, crowned; lit.: daughter of Stepan (see) (Greek). Taisiya- the meaning is unclear. Option: Taisya. Tamara- slender, beautiful; lit.: palm tree (heb.). Taras- noisy, restless, fidget (Greek). Options: Taratiy, Tarasy (outdated). Tatiana- founder, mistress, organizer (Greek). Terenty- slender, smooth, graceful (lat.). Timothy- God-fearing; lit.: worshiping God (Greek). Timur- firm, persistent; lit.: iron (Turk.). Titus- honest, glorious, venerable (lat.). Tikhon- quiet, calm, peaceful (Russian). Abbreviated version of the Slavic name Tikhoneg. Another explanation: lucky (Greek). Tryphon- vociferous; lit.: three-voiced (Greek). Another explanation: rich, living in luxury (Greek). Trofim- breadwinner (Greek) Ulyana- ardent, hot, hot; the same as Julia (lat.). Option: Julia (outdated). Ustin- fair, indulgent (lat.). Options: Justin (outdated), Ustim (simple). Ustinya- fair, honest (lat.). Option: Justinia (obsolete). Thaddeus- glorious, persistent; lit.: spear of God (heb.). Faina- bright, radiant, joyful (Greek). Falaley- beautiful, full of strength; lit.: olive tree in bloom (Greek). Fevroniya- the meaning is unclear (Greek). Options: Fevronya, Khavronya (simple). Fedora- the name has two interpretations: 1) militant; lit.: God's spear; 2) long-awaited; lit.: gift of God (both Greek). The female version of the male name Fedor. Fedot- joyful, desirable; lit.: gift of God (Greek). Fedul- God's servant (Greek). Options: Fedul, Theoduli (outdated). Felix- happy, rich, fruitful (lat.). Felicity- happy, rich, prolific (lat.). Colloquial variant: Great. Theodosius- joyful, desirable; lit.: gift of God (Greek). Option: Fedos. Feodosia- desired; lit.: gifted by God (Greek). Feofan- conspicuous, happy; lit.: marked by God (Greek). Folk variant: Fofan. Theophilus God-loving (Greek) Folk variant: Fefil. Theophilus- God-loving (Greek). Folk variant: Fefela. Ferapont- hospitable, hospitable, ready to serve (Greek). Fedor- two interpretations: 1) militant; lit.: God's spear; 2) long-awaited; lit.: gift of God (both Greek). The same as the Russian name Bogdan. Thekla- glorious; lit.: God's glory (Greek). Filaret- strict moralist; lit.: loving virtue (Greek). Filimon- faithful, reliable; lit.: monogamous (Greek). Philip horse lover (Greek) Firs- joyful, good sign; lit.: a wand decorated with flowers and grapes (Greek). Flavian- golden-haired, red-haired (lat.). Phlegon- ardent, easily excitable (Greek). floor- blooming, fresh, beautiful (lat.). Flora was the goddess of flowers in ancient Roman mythology. This name entered the Russian name book in a slightly modified form: Frol. Fock- fat man; lit.: seal (Greek). Thomas- twin (aram.). Fortunat- lucky; lit.: marked by Fortune - the goddess of fate, good luck and happiness (lat.). Photius- light, blond (Greek). Frol- blooming, fresh, beautiful (lat.). Same as Flor. Hariessa- pleasant, charming (Greek). The same as Kharitina (see). Kharitina- graceful, beautiful, charming (Greek). In the mythology of the ancient Greeks, the Charites are the goddesses of beauty, grace and nobility. The same as the Roman graces. Khariton- charming, graceful, joyful (Greek). Kharlampy- bright, joyful; lit.: joyful light (Greek). Khionya- blond, blonde; lit.: snowy (Greek). Wed Russian name Snezhana. Chrysanth- golden; lit.: golden flower (Greek). Wed chrysanthemum flowers. christina- Christian (Greek). Christopher- bringing joy, healing. Another explanation: carrying Christ (both Greek). Chernava- dark-skinned, brunette (other Russian). Edward- keeper of wealth, rich man (OE). Eleanor- bright, clear, sunny (Old French version of the name Helene (Greek). The same as Elena. Elvira- protector (Goth.). Emilia- affectionate, cordial, hardworking (lat.). Emma- beautiful, precious, mysterious; lit.: depicted on a precious stone, gem (lat.). Erast- cute, charming, in love (Greek). Option: Erast (outdated). Ernest- serious, zealous (Old German). Juvenaly- youthful, characteristic of youth (lat.). Julia- ardent, hot; lit.: belonging to the ancient Roman genus Julius (lat.). The etymology is unclear. In Rus', this name is interpreted as "July", that is, hot. Yuri- farmer. Russian pronunciation of the Greek name George: George - Gyurgiy - Yuri. Jacob- presumably: stubborn, intractable (heb.). Yaroslav- bright, sunny, shining with glory (Russian). Formed from the words Yarilo - "sun" and glory. Yaroslav- brilliant, sunny (glorious). Formed from the words Yarilo - "sun" and glory. Based on the materials of the book “On the declension of names and surnames: a reference dictionary. Ser. "For a word in your pocket." Issue. 3 / Ed. E.A. Glotova, N.N. Shcherbakova. - Omsk, 2011 See more about Russian and foreign names: www. ruplace. en/ imenoslov/