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Why Gogol calls the mayor an intelligent person. Why H

Topics on the work of Gogol N.V.
1. What is the main reason for the temporary "accession" of Khlestakov in the county town N?
2. What is the innovation of the dramatic conflict of N.V. Gogol's "Inspector"
3. What is the ugliness of the life of a bureaucratic city?
4. What is the meaning of the final scene of Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"?
5. Why N.V. Gogol includes in the text of the poem "Dead Souls" the life story of P.I. Chichikov?
6. How is the ambiguity of the author's position manifested in the depiction of the people?
7. Can Nozdryov - a restless, lively, "historical" person - be called a "dead soul"?
8. What is the author of the comedy The Inspector General laughing at and sad about?
9. Why N.V. Gogol calls the mayor, so easily fooled by Khlestakov, "a smart man"?
10. Why N.V. Gogol opens the gallery of images of landowners with Manilov, and ends with Plyushkin?
11. Why among the characters of the comedy N.V. Gogol "The Government Inspector" is there no positive hero?
12. Why did fate treat Akaky Akakievich so cruelly after he finally found his dream? (According to the story of N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat")
13. Chichikov - a strong personality or "a person with petty passions"?
14. What internally unites the "fathers of the city" and the landlords in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
15. What do you think is the real subject of ridicule in N.V. Gogol's "Inspector"
16. What is Khlestakovism?
17. Above the pages of the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
18. Mastery N.V. Gogol in the poem Dead Souls.
19. The originality of the genre of the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
20. Journey through Russia in the 40s. XIX century with Chichikov.
21. “World literature did not know such greatness in the depiction of trifles, as in Gogol’s” (A. Bely)
22. “He preaches love with the magical power of denial” (N.A. Nekrasov)
23. The image of Chichikov in Gogol's poem "Dead Souls".
Gogol "The Overcoat" What fantastic components and why does the author use in the work "The Overcoat"?
Which Russian writers of the XIX-XX use science fiction in their works?
Gogol N.V. "Dead Souls"
The combination of “laughter visible to the world and invisible tears” in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
The symbolic meaning of the image of the road in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". The role of author's digressions in the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls". The image of the city in the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls" and the comedy "The Inspector General". How do you understand the statement: "Regardless of the continuous geometric laughter, one feels the quick, unstoppable movement of the comedy to a tragic height" (based on the comedy "The Inspector General").
City in comedy N.V. Gogol "Inspector"
According to V.Ya. Bryusov, in his work N.V. Gogol strove for “eternal and infinite”. The artistic thought of N.V. Gogol always strove for a broad generalization, his goal in many works was to draw the most complete picture of Russian life. Speaking about the concept of The Inspector General, Gogol noted that in this work he decided to “... gather together everything that was bad in Russia, which he then knew ... and at one time laugh at everything ...”. Thus, the city of the “Inspector General” arose, which the author called “the prefabricated city of the entire dark side.”
The comedy presents all aspects of Russian reality. N.V. Gogol depicts the most diverse strata of the urban population. The main representative of the bureaucracy is the mayor, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky. City landowners are represented by Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, the merchant class - by Abdulin, the bourgeoisie - by Poshlepkina. The choice of characters is due to the desire to cover as widely as possible all aspects of social life and management of society. Each sphere of life is represented by one person, and the author is primarily interested not in the social function of the character, but in the scale of his spiritual or moral values. The charitable establishments in the city are run by Strawberry. His people are dying “like flies”, but this does not bother him at all, because “a simple man: if he dies, then he will die anyway; If he recovers, then he will recover.” The court is headed by Lyapkin-Tyapkin, a man who "has read five or six books." Drunkenness and rudeness flourish in the police. People are starved in prisons. The policeman of Derzhimorda, without any embarrassment, enters the shops of merchants as if in his pantry. The postmaster Shpekin, out of curiosity, opens other people's letters... All officials in the city have one thing in common: each of them considers his state position as an excellent means of living without worries, without spending any effort. The concept of public good does not exist in the city, outrages are happening everywhere and injustice flourishes. Surprisingly, no one even seeks to hide their criminal attitude to their duties, their own idleness and idleness. Bribery is generally considered a normal thing, even, rather, all officials would consider it abnormal if a person suddenly appeared who considers taking bribes a very shameful occupation. It is no coincidence that all officials are deep in their hearts sure that they will not offend the auditor when they go to him with offerings. “Yes, and it’s strange to say. There is no person who would not have some sins behind him, ”the Governor says with knowledge of the matter.
The city in the play is depicted through an abundance of everyday details in remarks, but, above all, of course, through the eyes of the owners of the city themselves. That is why we also know about the real streets, where “tavern, uncleanness”, and about the geese, which were bred in the waiting room of the court. Officials do not try to change anything before the arrival of the auditor: it is enough just to embellish the city and its offices, put a straw milestone near the garbage dump, so that it looks like a “layout”, and put clean caps on the unfortunate patients.
In his play, N.V. Gogol creates a truly innovative situation: torn apart by internal contradictions, the city becomes a single organism due to the general crisis. The only sad thing is that the common misfortune is the arrival of the auditor. The city is united by a feeling of fear, it is fear that makes city officials almost brothers. Some researchers of N.V. Gogol's work believe that the city in The Inspector General is an allegorical image of St. Petersburg and that Gogol, only for censorship reasons, could not say that the action takes place in the northern capital. In my opinion, this is not entirely true. Rather, we can say that the city in the play is any Russian city, so to speak, a collective image of Russian cities. Gogol writes that from this city to the capital “at least three years of galloping” - you won’t get there. But this does not make us begin to perceive the city in the play as a separate island of vice. No, N.V. Gogol does everything to make the reader understand that nowhere is there a place where life would proceed according to other laws. And the proof of this is the “auditor”, who came from St. Petersburg. Of course, it could also happen that the auditor would not take bribes. But there is no doubt that if this happened to any of the characters in the play, he would regard this case as his own personal bad luck, and not at all as a victory for the law. All the officials in the play know, they are simply sure that their norms and customs will be close and understandable to others, like the language they speak. In “Theatrical Road Trip”, N.V. Gogol himself wrote that if he had depicted the city differently, readers would have thought that there is another, bright world, and this one is just an exception. No, it is not, unfortunately. The city in the "Inspector General" is striking in Its enormity. Before us is a picture of the disunity of people, their remoteness from the true meaning of life, their blindness, ignorance of the true path. People have lost the natural ability to think, see, hear. Their behavior is predetermined by one single passion to acquire: position in society, rank in the service, wealth. Man gradually loses his human appearance. And such a fate awaits all who. far from morality, spiritual values. It becomes sad when you think that all the officials in the play are the same, that there is not a single bright image. And yet there is a positive hero in comedy. This hero is laughter, “that laughter that all emanates from the bright nature of man ... without the penetrating power of which the trifle and emptiness of life would not frighten a person like that”

To complete the task, select only ONE of the four proposed essay topics (17.1-17.4). Write an essay on this topic in a volume of at least 200 words (if the volume is less than 150 words, the essay is rated 0 points).

Expand the topic of the essay fully and multidimensionally.

Argument your theses by analyzing the elements of the text of the work (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems).

Identify the role of artistic means, which is important for revealing the theme of the essay.

Consider the composition of the essay.

Avoid factual, logical, verbal errors.

Write your essay clearly and legibly, following the rules of writing.

C17.1. Why does N.V. Gogol call the mayor, who was so easily fooled by Khlestakov, “a clever man”? (According to the play by N.V. Gogol "The Government Inspector")

C17.2. Why did Olga Ilyinskaya fail to awaken Oblomov to an active life? (Based on the novel by I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov")

C17.3. Why did M. Gorky refuse the original version of the play's title - "At the Bottom of Life"? (According to the play by M. Gorky "At the Bottom")

Explanation.

When writing an essay, you can use the following approximate plan.

1. Introduction - introduces the topic, gives preliminary, general information about the problem that is behind the proposed topic. The introduction may contain an answer to a question asked on the topic; be represented by your opinion if the title contains a reference to the opinion of the writer (“how do you understand the meaning of the title…”); contain a fact from the biography of the author or characterize the historical period, if this information is important for the subsequent analysis of the text; be formulated your understanding of literary terms, if they are used in the title of the topic (“the theme of fate”, “the image of the hero” ...).

2. Main part: is an analysis of a literary work in accordance with a given topic. In the main part, it is necessary to demonstrate knowledge of literary material, the ability to logically, reasonably and stylistically correctly, to correctly express one's thoughts. The main part is a test of how well the topic is understood. The main part can begin with a thesis - a position that you will prove. Then give arguments, there should be at least two of them. Support your arguments with examples from the text.

3. Conclusion: summing up, summarizing what has been said, completing the text, re-drawing attention to the most important thing. The final part should be short but capacious; organically related to the previous presentation. In conclusion, the attitude of the writer to the work, its characters, the problem can be expressed. It should be stated correctly, without excessive enthusiastic assessments, have a clearly expressed meaning and be prepared by the material of the main part.

C17.4. “A real writer is like an ancient prophet: he sees more clearly than ordinary people” (A.P. Chekhov). (Based on one or more works of the 19th century).

This theme can be formulated in a more familiar way: the theme of literary creativity, the theme of the poet and poetry. The topic can be revealed using the example of A. Pushkin's poem "The Prophet", the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "The Poet and the Citizen", it can also be revealed using the example of prose works: F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", etc.

The main idea of the essay should be the assertion that a writer or poetic gift is not given to a person by chance, a true master of the word should sow “reasonable, good, eternal”, serve people and his country.

The image of the mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky in the work of N.V. Gogol "The Government Inspector" can be safely called a typical representative of dishonest officials with whom one has to deal even today. He is practical and intelligent, but he uses not only all his positive qualities to build his own career. The position of mayor went to him thanks to bribes and emphatic courtesy to higher authorities.

At the very beginning of the play, the mayor with horror announces to the city officials about the arrival of the auditor.

Advising them to veil all their "sins" before the arrival of the inspector, he first of all cares about his well-being and about how to stay in his familiar chair of the mayor. The problems of the city and its ordinary inhabitants are of little concern to Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky.

Most of all, he is concerned about the favorable attitude of the higher authorities towards him.

The rumor about the arrival of the auditor forces the mayor to somehow try to restore order in the city of N in order to put his person in the best light in front of visiting higher officials.

At the same time, this flattering and obsequious person does not choose expressions and is not ashamed to show his superiority over his subordinates. This two-faced person always knows how to adapt to the situation in order to conduct a “subtle policy” with those on whom his privileges and high rank depend. He pays a visit to Khlestakov in the hotel, posing as a caring mayor who day and night cares about the welfare of his wards and about all the visiting guests of this city.

Literally “looking into the mouth” of Khlestakov, he tries to study his addictions and desires in order to turn them for his own good, and at the same time to circle the “auditor” around his finger.

Despite the fact that the writer shows the mayor as a product of the system that was inherent in Russia during the years of writing the comedy, it cannot be denied that such mayors, unfortunately, still hold high positions at the present time, becoming a serious brake on the way progressive reforms in the country.

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Why does N.V. Gogol call the mayor, who was so easily fooled by Khlestakov, “an intelligent person”? based on the comedy The Government Inspector (Gogol N. V.)

The character of the mayor in Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"

The mayor - Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsy, is written out quite brightly in the comedy. He is one of the central figures, and it is around him and Khlestakov that the main action develops. The rest of the characters are half sketches. We only know their names and status, otherwise they are people very similar to the mayor, because they are the same field, live in the same county town, where “even if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state.” Yes, they are not so important, otherwise they would overshadow all the "splendor" of the figure of the Governor.

We meet with Gogol a lot of "talking" surnames. This technique is everywhere in his works. The Governor was no exception. Let's see what his surname tells about the character. According to Dahl's dictionary, a draftsman is "a cunning, sharp-sighted mind, a shrewd person, a rogue, a rogue, an experienced rogue and a creeper." But this is obvious. From the first lines of the work, we learn that the Governor will never miss what floats into his hands, and does not hesitate to take bribes, even with greyhound puppies. His caution also speaks of vigilance or clairvoyance. In society, this is a decent head of the city, who constantly goes to church, has a prosperous family and stands up for his residents. But let's not forget that a draftsman is also a swindler, and therefore he also oppresses merchants, and squanders government money, and flogs the people. There is also a second part of the name. Let's open Dal again and read that dmukhan is “pomp, pride, arrogance. arrogance, swagger." And, indeed, arrogance and swagger from Anton Antonovich does not hold. How delighted he was when he learned that his daughter was not marrying anyone, but a minister: “I myself, mother, am a decent person. However, really, what do you think, Anna Andreevna, what birds we have become now! What about Anna Andreevna? Fly high, damn it! Wait a minute, now I will put all these hunters to submit petitions and denunciations to the pepper. Here is our mayor.

However, let's see how the author himself describes Anton Antonovich to us in the author's remarks "for the gentlemen of the actors". “The mayor, already aged in the service and a very intelligent person in his own way. Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably; quite serious; somewhat even a reasoner; speaks neither loudly nor softly, neither more nor less. His every word is significant. His features are rough and hard, like those of anyone who has begun his service from the lower ranks. The transition from fear to joy, from rudeness to arrogance is quite quick, like a person with a roughly developed inclination of the soul. He is dressed, as usual, in his uniform with buttonholes and boots with spurs. His hair is cropped, with gray hair. Everything is important in these remarks, they allow us to understand how Gogol himself wanted to portray the hero, as opposed to how we, the readers, see him. Just as his last name can tell us a lot about the mayor, so the appearance can add touches to the portrait. A uniform uniform with buttonholes tells us that this is indeed a respectable person who does not like his orders to be discussed. In his town, he is the king and God, respectively, and he must have a proper appearance. But how interesting it is to observe his transformation when meeting with the so-called incognito auditor. The mayor begins to stutter and grovel, and may even give a bribe if he goes for it. But the veneration of rank was in use at that time, however, with the mayor it reaches the highest limit, he experiences such panic fear: “The mayor (trembling). Inexperience, by golly, inexperience. Insufficiency of the state ... If you please, judge for yourself: the state salary is not enough even for tea and sugar. If there were any bribes, then just a little: something on the table and for a couple of dresses. As for the non-commissioned officer's widow, engaged in the merchant class, whom I allegedly flogged, this is slander, by God, slander. This was invented by my villains; this is such a people that they are ready to encroach on my life.

The mayor is also rude, Gogol also tells us about this. Despite the high position he occupies, he is an uneducated person, there are many bad inclinations and vices in his soul, but he does not try to eradicate them, because he believes that this is how it should be. Stupidity and ignorance - these are the features that dominate the character of the Governor. Even his assurances that he serves honestly and impeccably are sewn through with white thread, and lies scream from every window. He does not even have enough intelligence to come up with something plausible in the face of the formidable Khlestakov, although before that he very deliberately warned his officials about the approaching danger: “There the merchants complained to Your Excellency. I assure you with honor, and half of what they say is not. They themselves deceive and measure the people. The non-commissioned officer lied to you that I whipped her; she's lying, by God, she's lying. She carved herself." Such curiosities are found in the county town.

But, of course, just as there are no only good or only bad people in the world, so book characters cannot be only positive or only negative. Although this can hardly be said about the characters of The Inspector General. But nevertheless, for some reason, we feel sorry for the end of the Governor, who was so cruelly deceived in Khlestakov. In general, it turns out that in comedy there is not a single positive hero, with the exception of Osip, Khlestakov's servant, who, however, is also a drunkard and a rogue. We are sad to see the collapse of the dream of Gorodnichiy, dreaming about blue ribbons and a house in St. Petersburg. Maybe he did not deserve such a fate, maybe his petty sins are not so terrible. But, I think, this punishment is quite fair, because we understand that the Governor will never improve, and it is unlikely that the incident with the auditor will serve as a lesson to him. Yes, and he is upset, first of all, because he did not see a swindler in Khlestakov, he himself is a rogue of rogues. Moreover, it’s a shame that “Look, look, the whole world, all Christianity, everyone, look how foolish the mayor is! Fool him, fool, old scoundrel! (He threatens himself with his fist.) Oh, you thick-nosed one! Icicle, rag mistook for an important person! There he is now flooding the whole road with a bell! Spread history around the world. Not only will you go into a laughingstock - there is a clicker, paper maraca, they will insert you into a comedy. That's what's embarrassing! Chin, the title will not spare, and they will all bare their teeth and clap their hands. What are you laughing at? “You are laughing at yourself!” he pronounces the sacramental at the end.

But indeed, the character of the Governor is a collective portrait of all the officials of that time. He absorbed all the shortcomings: servility, servility, envy, swagger, flattery. This list can be continued for a long time. The mayor becomes a kind of "hero of our time", which is why he is written out so clearly, why his character is so clearly manifested, especially in crisis situations, and the whole life of the mayor throughout the "Inspector" is a crisis. And in such crisis situations, Anton Antonovich is not used to, apparently, from a weakness of character. That's why the electric effect at the end. It is doubtful that the mayor will be able to agree with a real official. After all, all his life he deceived the same rogues as himself, and the rules of the game of another world are inaccessible to him. And therefore the arrival of an official from St. Petersburg for Anton Antonovich is like God's punishment. And there is no salvation from this, except to obey. But knowing the nature of the mayor, we can safely say that he will still make an attempt to appease the new auditor, without thinking about the fact that for a bribe “you can go to jail”, he does not see beyond his own nose, and pays for this in the finale: “The mayor in the middle in the form of a pillar, with outstretched arms and a head thrown back. Silent scene... Curtain!

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