What Leo Tolstoy wrote for children is a list. The most famous books of Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is the author of works not only for adults, but also for children. Young readers like stories, there were fables, fairy tales of the famous prose writer. Tolstoy's works for children teach love, kindness, courage, justice, resourcefulness.

Fairy tales for little ones

These books can be read to children by their parents. A child of 3-5 years old will be interested to get acquainted with the heroes of fairy tales. When the kids learn how to put letters together, they will be able to read and study Tolstoy's works for children on their own.

The fairy tale "Three Bears" tells about the girl Masha, who got lost in the forest. She came across the house and entered it. The table was set, on it stood 3 bowls of different sizes. Masha tasted the stew, first from two large ones, and then ate all the soup, which was poured into a small plate. Then she sat on a chair and slept on the bed, which, like the chair and plate, belonged to Mishutka. When he returned home with his bear parents and saw all this, he wanted to catch the girl, but she jumped out the window and ran away.

Kids will also be interested in other works of Tolstoy for children, written in the form of fairy tales.

Stories-were

It is useful for older children to read Tolstoy's works for children, written in the format of short stories, for example, about a boy who really wanted to study, but his mother would not let him go.

The story "Philippok" begins with this. But the boy Philip somehow still went to school without asking, when he stayed at home alone with his grandmother. Entering the classroom, he was frightened at first, but then pulled himself together and answered the teacher's questions. The teacher promised the child that he would ask his mother to let Filippka go to school. That's how the boy wanted to learn. After all, learning something new is so interesting!

Tolstoy wrote about another small and good person. The works for children that Lev Nikolaevich composed include the story "Foundling". From it we learn about the girl Masha, who found a baby on the threshold of her house. The girl was kind, gave the foundling milk to drink. Her mother wanted to give the baby to the boss, since their family was poor, but Masha said that the foundling eats little, and she herself will take care of him. The girl kept her word, she swaddled, fed, put the baby to bed.

The following story, like the previous one, is based on real events. It's called "The Cow". The work tells about the widow Marya, her six children and a cow.

Tolstoy, works for children, created in an instructive form

After reading the story “Stone”, you are once again convinced that you should not, that is, harbor anger at someone for a long time. It's a destructive feeling.

In the story, one poor man wore a stone in his bosom in the literal sense of the word. Once upon a time, a rich man, instead of helping, threw this stone at the poor. When the life of the rich man changed drastically, he was taken to prison, the poor wanted to throw a stone at him, which he had saved, but the anger had long since passed, and it was replaced by pity.

You experience the same feeling when reading the story "Poplar". The story is told in the first person. The author, together with his assistants, wanted to cut down young poplars. They were offshoots of an old tree. The man thought that by doing this he would make his life easier, but everything turned out differently. The poplar dried up and therefore gave life to new trees. The old tree died, and the workers destroyed the new shoots.

fables

Not everyone knows that the works of Leo Tolstoy for children are not only fairy tales, stories, but also fables that are written in prose.

For example, The Ant and the Dove. After reading this fable, the children will conclude that good deeds entail good responses.

The ant fell into the water and began to sink, the dove threw a twig to it, along which the poor fellow could get out. Once a hunter set a net on a dove, he wanted to close the trap, but then an ant came to the aid of the bird. He bit the hunter on the leg, he groaned. At this time, the dove got out of the net and flew away.

Other instructive fables invented by Leo Tolstoy also deserve attention. Works for children written in this genre are:

• "Turtle and Eagle";
• "The head and tail of a snake";
• "Lion and Mouse";
• "Donkey and horse";
• "Lion, bear and fox";
• "The Frog and the Lion";
• "The ox and the old woman".

"Childhood"

Pupils of primary and secondary school age can be advised to read the first part of L. N. Tolstoy's trilogy "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth". It will be useful for them to learn how their peers, the children of wealthy parents, lived in the 19th century.

The story begins with an acquaintance with Nikolenka Artenyev, who is 10 years old. The boy was instilled with good manners from childhood. And now, waking up, he washed, dressed, and the teacher Karl Ivanovich took him and his younger brother to greet their mother. She poured tea in the living room, then the family had breakfast.

This is how Leo Tolstoy described the morning scene. Works for children teach young readers goodness, love, like this story. The author describes what feelings Nikolenka had for his parents - pure and sincere love. This story will be useful to young readers. In high school, they will study the continuation of the book - "Boyhood" and "Youth".

Tolstoy's works: list

Short stories are read very quickly. Here is the name of some of them, which Lev Nikolaevich wrote for children:

• "Eskimos";
• "Two comrades";
• "Bulka and the wolf";
• "How trees walk";
• "Girls are smarter than old men";
• "Apple trees";
• "Magnet";
• "Lozina";
• "Two merchants";
• "Bone".

• "Candle";
• "Bad air";
• "Bad air";
• "Hares";
• "Deer".

Stories about animals

Tolstoy has very touching stories. We learn about the brave boy from the following story, which is called "Kitten". One family had a cat. For a while, she suddenly disappeared. When the children - brother and sister, found her, they saw that the cat had given birth to kittens. The guys took one for themselves, began to look after the little creature - feed, water.

Once they went for a walk and took the pet with them. But soon the children forgot about him. They remembered only when trouble threatened the baby - hunting dogs rushed at him with barking. The girl was frightened and ran away, and the boy rushed to protect the kitten. He covered him with his body and thus saved him from the dogs, who were then recalled by the hunter.

In the story "Elephant" we learn about a giant animal that lives in India. The owner mistreated him - almost did not feed him and forced him to work hard. Once the animal could not stand such treatment and crushed the man, stepping on him with his foot. Instead of the previous one, the elephant chose the boy - his son - as the owner.

Here are some instructive and interesting stories written by the classic. These are the best works of Leo Tolstoy for children. They will help to instill in children many useful and important qualities, they will teach them to see and understand the world around them better.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is one of the most widely known Russian writers and thinkers, revered as one of the world's greatest writers. Member of the defense of Sevastopol. Enlightener, publicist, religious thinker, whose authoritative opinion caused the emergence of a new religious and moral trend - Tolstoyism.

Born in the Krapivensky district of the Tula province, in the hereditary estate of his mother - Yasnaya Polyana. He was the fourth child in the family. Mother died when Leo was not yet 2 years old.

The education of children was taken up by a distant relative T. A. Ergolskaya. In 1837 the family moved to Moscow, settling on Plyushchikha, because the eldest son had to prepare for university entrance. Soon the father suddenly died, and the three younger children again settled in Yasnaya Polyana under the supervision of Yergolskaya and her paternal aunt, Countess A. M. Osten-Saken. Here Lev remained until 1840, when Osten-Saken died, the children moved to Kazan, to their father's sister P. I. Yushkova.

The Yushkovs' house was considered one of the most cheerful in Kazan; all members of the family highly valued external brilliance. The most diverse, as Tolstoy himself defines them, "thinking" about the main questions of being left an imprint on his character in that era of life.

Following the brothers, Lev decided to enter the Imperial Kazan University (the most famous at that time), where Lobachevsky worked at the mathematical faculty, and Kovalevsky at the East. In 1844 he was enrolled as a student of the category of Oriental literature as paying for his education. According to the results of the year, he had poor progress, did not pass the transitional exam and had to re-take the first year program. In order to avoid a complete repetition of the course, he moved to the Faculty of Law. "... the first year I ... did nothing. In the second year ... I began to study ... there was a professor ... who ... gave me a job - comparing Catherine's "Instruction" with Montesquieu's "Spirit of the Laws" ... this work fascinated me, I went to the village, began to read Montesquieu, this reading opened up endless horizons for me; I began to read Rousseau and left the university. Tolstoy tried to establish a new relationship with the peasants. In 1849 he first opened a school for peasant children. The main teacher was Foka Demidovich, a serf, but Lev Nikolayevich himself often conducted classes. He was seriously engaged in English, music, jurisprudence.

In 1851, after passing an exam in Tiflis, Tolstoy entered as a cadet in the 4th battery of the 20th artillery brigade, stationed in the Cossack village of Starogladovskaya on the banks of the Terek, near Kizlyar. He had the right to the St. George Cross, however, in accordance with his convictions, he "conceded" to his colleague, considering that a significant simplification of the conditions of the colleague's service is higher than personal vanity. With the outbreak of the Crimean War, Tolstoy transferred to the Danube army, participated in the battle of Oltenitsa and the siege of Silistria, and in 1854-1855 was in Sevastopol. For the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy was awarded the Order of St. Anne 4th degree, medals "For the Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855" and "In Memory of the War 1853-1856". In 1856 the writer left military service with the rank of lieutenant.

In St. Petersburg, the young writer was warmly welcomed in high-society salons and in literary circles. However, a cheerful life left a bitter aftertaste in Tolstoy's soul, he began to discord with a circle of writers close to him. As a result, "people got sick of him, and he got sick of himself." And in 1857 Tolstoy went on a journey. He visited Germany, France, England, Switzerland, Italy.

In 1859 Tolstoy took part in the organization of the Literary Fund.

On his next trip, he was mainly interested in public education. His beloved brother Nikolai died of tuberculosis. The death of his brother made a huge impression on Tolstoy. From 1862 Tolstoy began to publish the pedagogical journal Yasnaya Polyana. Soon Tolstoy left pedagogy. Marriage, the birth of his own children, plans associated with writing the novel "War and Peace" pushed back his pedagogical activities for 10 years. In the early 1870s, he began to create his own "Azbuka" and published it in 1872, and then released the "New ABC" and a series of four "Russian Books for Reading".

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is a famous Russian writer, the greatest novelist of the 19th century, the golden age of Russian literature. He is the author of world-famous works, such as the novels "" and "Anna Karenina". Currently considered one of the best authors in the world. His works are filmed, staged in the theater, many modern authors refer to them.

Leo Tolstoy was a representative of the class of the nobility, whose roots were traced back to the times of Peter the Great. The writer had many influential relatives among the representatives of the highest aristocracy. On the part of the mother, who bore the maiden name Volkonskaya, there were also many noble people.

Lev Nikolaevich passionately loved his relatives, especially his grandfather, Ilya Andreevich, who later served as a prototype for one of the heroes of the novel War and Peace.

Childhood and youth of the writer

Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in the family estate of Yasnaya Polyana, not far from Tula, in a family of hereditary nobles. The future great writer was the middle son in a large family with four children. In 1830, little Leo lost his mother, who died of puerperal fever, and seven years later the boy lost his father. So, the guardianship of Tolstoy was taken over by his father's cousin and aunt, after whose death the boy left for Kazan.

Count Leo Tolstoy received his primary education at home, he was taught by French and German tutors. In 1843, the count entered the university in Kazan at the faculty for the study of oriental culture. However, the future beacon of Russian literature failed to cope with the difficulties of the curriculum, which forced him to transfer to a lighter law faculty. However, the difficulties did not leave him at this faculty. As a result, Tolstoy was not even able to graduate from the university with a degree.

The young count returned to his native estate, where he began to engage in the organization of agriculture. True, this undertaking was not crowned with success due to constant departures to Moscow and Tula. However, all this time Tolstoy kept a diary, which inspired him to write many future works. The writer carried the habit of writing down the events that happened to him with him throughout his life.

One day, Leo's elder brother, Nikolai, returning home to spend his vacation, which was due to him as an army officer, convinced his brother to join the troops. So, Leo Tolstoy, in the rank of cadet, went to serve south, to the Caucasus Mountains, from where he was later transferred to Sevastopol, where the future writer took part in the Crimean War. The main event of the war, which is also reflected in the works of the author, is the heroic defense of Sevastopol. The work "Sevastopol stories" is dedicated to her.

Literary path of the author

During his military service, Tolstoy had a lot of free time, and he began to engage in literary work. During periods of calm, the autobiographical work Childhood was written, which became the first book in Tolstoy's trilogy of autobiographical books. Childhood was published in Sovremennik, a popular literary magazine, in 1852. The work received favorable reviews, critics began to put Lev Nikolayevich on a par with such writers as Turgenev, Ostrovsky and Goncharov.

During the Crimean campaign, Tolstoy wrote several more works:

1. "Cossacks". A work about everyday life at the army outpost. Started during the Crimean War, but completed only in 1862, after the writer left the active troops.
2. "Adolescence". The second book in an autobiographical trilogy. Surprisingly, the work was written during the active conduct of hostilities.
3. "Sevastopol stories". In them, the author expresses his attitude to the war, shows its inconsistency. In this cycle, the writer experiments with style, in particular, he changes the narration from the first person, moving to the third. So, in the second story, we see the view of an ordinary soldier on the events taking place.

After the end of the war, Tolstoy left the armed forces and returned to his homeland.

Having gone to the front as an unknown cadet, he returned to St. Petersburg as a recognized literary talent. In 1857, Lev Nikolaevich left for Paris, at that time publishing the final part of the trilogy - "Youth". Returning to his homeland in 1862, he marries the daughter of a doctor, Sofya Andreevna Bers.

A small part of the work was published in the Russky Vestnik magazine in the mid-sixties. It was originally called "1805". Three years later, three more chapters saw the light. In 1869, work on the novel was completed. The product was a huge success.

At the same time, the writer was translating Aesop's fables into Russian. Many more are wondering if Leo Tolstoy wrote stories for children. Just the same, in the period from 1872 to 1875, the author creates children's works "ABC", "Arithmetic", "Fool" (tale-verse) and several books for children's reading.

Late prose

At a certain period of his life, Leo Tolstoy was deeply immersed in religious teachings and wrote many treatises on the essence of faith. However, in the 1880s and 1890s, the author continued to work on fiction. At this time, the writer leaves the genre of the novel. The main story becomes a story with a deep moral. Realism comes to the fore in the works.

So, Late works of Leo Tolstoy include:

Death and legacy

The numerous pilgrimages that Leo Tolstoy made in his old age greatly undermined his health. So, in November 1910, the great writer stopped for an overnight stay at the remote Astapovo railway station. However, the lung disease that had been troubling Tolstoy for some time made itself felt with a sudden aggravation, and on November 20 the greatest Russian writer died. He was buried at the family cemetery in Yasnaya Polyana.

He left behind a wife and ten children, who, however, were provided for the rest of their lives at the expense of Tolstoy's literary royalties.

Leo Tolstoy was considered, is considered and will be considered one of the greatest Russian and world writers. He created truly amazing works. on which more than one generation of young people have grown up. "War and Peace" is a novel that is familiar to almost every person, not only in our country, but throughout the world. The scientific community highly appreciates Tolstoy as a man with an amazing gift for describing human nature and recreating the historical era in all its detail and diversity. study the link.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy - Russian writer and thinker, Count. His homeland is the mother's estate Yasnaya Polyana in the Tula province.

The writer was the fourth child in a noble family. His mother died when he was one year old. Lev Nikolaevich's father was remembered by him for his good-natured character, attachment to hunting and books, he also died very early. A distant relative Ergolskaya, who had a great influence on Tolstoy, took up the upbringing of the children of the Tolstoy family. As the writer said, she taught him the spiritual pleasure of a great feeling - love. Memories of the famous writer about childhood have always been joyful. And the first impressions of noble life were reflected in the story-autobiography "Childhood".

In 1844, Leo Tolstoy began his studies at Kazan University: first at the Faculty of Philosophy of Oriental Languages, then at the Department of Law. He studied for 2 years in each of these areas and applied for dismissal from the university due to poor health and family circumstances. Tolstoy did not like this study, his dreams were about a career in painting and music. Then the writer returned to his native estate.

The summer spent in the countryside disappointed Tolstoy with failures in managing on renewed, favorable conditions only for serfs. After that, based on this experience, the story "The Morning of the Landowner" was written. In 1847, in the fall, the writer went to St. Petersburg in order to pass his candidate's exams. At that time, his lifestyle was very variable: he could prepare for exams for days, or he could completely devote himself only to music, his ascetic religious moods alternated with revelry and cards. It was during this period that Tolstoy realized his destiny: he had an irresistible desire to write.

Since 1855, the writer was a member of the Sovremennik circle, which included Nekrasov, Turgenev, Goncharov, Ostrovsky and other famous personalities. He participated in dinners and readings, was involved in writers' conflicts, but feeling like a stranger here, he left this society, as his "Confession" tells.

Tolstoy traveled a lot, he was in France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. Impressions of a trip to the last country became the basis for writing the story "Lucerne". Then the writer returned to Moscow, and then to Yasnaya Polyana. Thanks to him, more than 20 schools were set up in the vicinity of his native estate and one school for peasant children was opened.

The most famous works are the novels "War and Peace", "Resurrection", "Anna Karenina", the trilogy-autobiography "Childhood" - "Adolescence" - "Youth", the dramas "The Power of Darkness" and "The Living Corpse", the stories "Cossacks "and" Hadji Murad "and many others.

The writer died at the age of 82 in 1910. His funeral became a nationwide event.

This large-scale work, which tells about the life of the Russian noble society during the Patriotic War, includes many storylines. Here you can find love stories, and battle scenes, and difficult situations from the point of view of morality, and several human types of that time. The work is very multifaceted, it contains several ideas characteristic of Tolstoy, and all of them are written out with amazing accuracy.

It is known that the work on the work lasted about 6 years, and its initial volume was not 4, but 6 volumes. Leo Tolstoy used a huge number of sources to make the events look authentic. He read the works of Russian and French historians, private for the period from 1805 to 1812. However, Tolstoy himself treated his work with a certain degree of skepticism. So, he wrote in his diary: "People love me for those trifles -" War and Peace ", etc., which seem very important to them."

The researchers counted 559 heroes in the novel "War and Peace".

"Anna Karenina" - a tragic love story

Not everyone has read this famous novel, but everyone knows its tragic ending. The name of Anna Karenina has already become a household name in conversations about unhappy love. Meanwhile, Tolstoy shows in the novel not so much the tragedy of events, as, for example, in Shakespeare, but rather a psychological tragedy. This novel is dedicated not to pure and sublime love, which does not give a damn about all the conventions, but to the breaking psyche of a secular woman who suddenly finds herself abandoned by everyone because of an “indecent” relationship.

Tolstoy's work is popular because it is relevant at any time. Instead of earlier writers' discussions of ecstatic and bright feelings, it shows the underside of blinding love and the consequences of relationships that are dictated by passion, not reason.

One of the characters in Anna Karenina, Konstantin Levin, is an autobiographical character. Tolstoy put his thoughts and ideas into his mouth.

"Childhood. Adolescence. Youth "- an autobiographical trilogy

Three stories, united by one hero, are partly based on the memoirs of Tolstoy himself. These works are a kind of diary of a growing boy. Despite a good upbringing and care from the elders, the hero is faced with problems that are typical for his age.

As a child, he experiences his first love, prepares for confession with fear, and for the first time encounters injustice. The teenage hero, growing up, learns what betrayal is, and also finds new friends and experiences breaking old stereotypes. In the story "Youth" the hero is faced with social problems, acquires his first mature judgments, enters the university and thinks about his future fate.