Composition on the theme of Good and Evil in Gogol's story "Portrait". Good and evil in the story

The story "Portrait" was written by Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol in 1842. The author uses the traditional motif: money, Wealth in exchange for the soul. It touches upon many problems: the struggle between good and evil in a person's soul, the power of money over a person, but the most important one is the problem of the purpose of art (art is true and imaginary). The story consists of two parts, in each of which there is an artist.
The first part tells about the young painter Chartkov. This is a very talented, but at the same time poor man. He admires the talent of great artists; he is offended by the fact that fashionable artists who paint their pictures get huge money, and he must sit in poverty. But here a strange story happens to him. One day he went into an art shop and saw an unusual portrait. The portrait was very old, it showed an old man in an Asian costume. The portrait greatly fascinated Chartkov. The old man drew him to him; his eyes were especially expressive - they looked at him as if they were real. The young artist, without expecting it, bought this painting. After that, a strange situation happened to Chartkov: at night he had a dream that the old man got out of the picture and showed him a bag of money. This suggests that our young artist craves wealth and fame, there is already something demonic in his soul. Then, waking up, he finds money on a willow that would be enough for him for three years. Chartkov decides that it is better to spend them on canvases and paints, that is, for the benefit of his talent. But he is attracted by temptation: he breaks down and begins to buy a lot of things he does not need, rents an apartment in the city and buys himself fame in the form of a laudable article in the newspaper. He betrayed himself, his talent, became conceited; he does not pay any attention to the people who once occupied an important place in his life, including a teacher who advised him: "You have a talent; it will be a sin if you ruin it. See that you do not become a fashionable painter ... ". The article in the newspaper made a splash: people ran to him, asking him to paint their portrait, demanding this or that. Chartkov betrayed his soul and heart. Now he painted not so naturally, more similar to the person being portrayed, but as his clients asked: "one demanded to portray himself in a strong, energetic turn of his head; the other with inspired eyes raised upwards; the lieutenant of the guard demanded that Mars be visible in his eyes ... " After this, the artist's opinion completely changes, he is surprised how he could previously attach so much importance to similarity and spend so much time working on one portrait: "This man, who digs for several months over the picture, for me, is a worker, not an artist. I do not believe that he had talent. The genius creates boldly, quickly ..., argued that too much dignity was already attributed to the former artists, that before Raphael they all painted not figures, but herrings ... Mikel-Angel is a braggart ... ". Chartkov becomes a fashionable and famous rich man. The secret of his success is simple - catering to selfish orders and moving away from true art. Once he was asked to express his opinion about the work of a young artist. Chartkov was about to criticize his paintings, but suddenly he sees how great the work of a young talent is. And then he realizes that he exchanged his talent for money. Then envy of all artists seizes him - he buys up and spoils their paintings. Soon he goes mad and dies.

Gogol is always interesting to read. Even long-known works you start to read and get carried away. And even more so little-known stories. It would seem that he is a serious classical writer, philosopher, but you take his book and you are transported to the most interesting world, sometimes mystical, and sometimes the most worldly. In the story "Portrait" there is both. The author puts his hero in an unprecedented situation: a poor, talented artist suddenly gets everything he dreams of through a mysterious portrait, which he himself buys with the last money from a merchant. He is strangely attracted to the eyes of the person in the portrait. As if a lively look surprises everyone with its strength and terrible plausibility. On the same night, Chartkov sees. strange half-asleep-half-awake. He dreams that the old man depicted in the portrait "moved and suddenly rested against the frame with both hands. Finally he got up on his hands and, sticking out both legs, jumped out of the frames ..." In a dream, Chartkov sees the old man has 1000 chervonets, but in reality the money really ends up in the frame of the portrait. The quarterly inadvertently touches the frame, and the heavy bundle falls in front of Chartkov. The first thoughts prompted by reason were noble: “Now I am provided for at least three years, I can lock myself in a room, work. and no one will bother me now, I will buy myself an excellent mannequin, I will order a plaster torso, I will mold the legs, I will put Venus in, I will buy engravings from the first paintings. be a great artist." But for a long time the impoverished artist dreamed of something else. "From within, another voice was heard, louder and louder. And as he looked again at the gold, twenty-two years and ardent youth spoke in him." Chartkov did not even notice how he bought himself outfits, "took a ride around the city twice in a carriage for no reason", visited a restaurant, a hairdresser and moved to a new apartment. A dizzying career fell on him. He was published in the newspaper, and the first customers appeared. - A noble lady brought her daughter to paint a portrait of her. Gogol does not do without comical moments in any of his works. Here is a very well-aimed joke of the lady's enthusiasm for painting:

"- However, Monsieur Zero ... oh, how he writes! What an extraordinary brush! I find that he has even more expression in his faces than Titian. Don't you know Monsieur Zero?

Who is this Zero? - asked the artist.

Monsieur Zero. Ah, what a talent!"

One joke conveyed the level and interests of secular society. The artist, with great interest and still not lost talent, began to paint a portrait. He conveyed to the canvas all the shades of a young face, did not miss a certain yellowness and a barely noticeable blue shadow under the eyes. But mother didn't like it. She objected that it could only be today, and usually the face is striking in its special freshness. Having corrected the shortcomings, the artist noted with chagrin that the individuality of nature had also disappeared. Still wishing to express what he noticed in the girl, Chartkov transfers all this to his old sketch of Psyche. Ladies, on the other hand, are delighted with the "surprise" that the artist came up with the idea of ​​depicting her "in the form of Psyche." Unable to convince the ladies, Chartkov gives the portrait of Psyche. Society admired the new talent, Chartkov was showered with orders. But this was far from what makes it possible for a painter to develop. Here Gogol also gives vent to humor: “Ladies demanded that mainly only the soul and character be depicted in portraits, so that sometimes the rest is not adhered to at all, round all corners, alleviate all flaws and even, if possible, avoid them altogether ... Men were also no better than the ladies. One demanded to portray himself in a strong, energetic turn of the head; the other - with inspired eyes raised upwards; the lieutenant of the guard demanded that Mars be visible in the eyes; the civil dignitary strove so that there was more directness, nobility in the face and so that the hand rests on a book, on which it would be written in clear words: "Always stood for the truth. " And over time, Chartkov becomes fashionable, but, alas, an empty painter. The reason for this, of course, was the purchased portrait with its devilish charms. But through a fantastic plot, the author shows what fame and fortune can do to a person.It is not necessary to buy a magical portrait in order to become a slave.It is not for nothing that at the very beginning of the story, Chartkov is warned by a professor, his mentor: "You have a talent; it will be a sin if you destroy him. See that a fashionable painter does not come out of you. "Gradually, creative aspiration, awe disappears. Busy with balls and visits, the artist barely outlines the main features, leaving the students to finish painting. ", their daughters and girlfriends. On the pedestal, which was previously occupied by painting, perched a passion for gold. Gold became everything for Chartkov. It would have filled his life completely, if not for one event. The Academy of Arts invited the famous Chartkov to evaluate a painting by a Russian artist brought from Italy. The picture he saw so impressed the celebrity that he could not even express the prepared disparaging judgment. The painting was so beautiful that it stirred up the stale past in him. Tears choked him, and without saying a word, he ran out of the hall. The sudden illumination of a ruined life blinded him. Realizing that he will never return the killed talent, the bygone youth, Chartkov becomes a terrible monster. With ominous greed, he begins to buy up all worthy works of art and destroy them. This becomes his main passion and his only occupation. As a result, the insane and sick artist dies in a terrible fever, where everywhere he sees a portrait of an old man. Terrible eyes from the portrait look at him from everywhere ...

But another hero, who is mentioned only in the second part of the story, does otherwise. This young artist meets a very unusual man, a pawnbroker, who asks to paint his portrait. The rumors about the moneylender are very mysterious. Everyone who contacted him was sure to get into trouble. But the artist still undertakes to paint a portrait. The resemblance to the original is striking, the eyes seem to be looking from a portrait. And now, having painted a usurer, the artist realizes that he will no longer be able to paint pure images. He realizes that he portrayed the devil. After that, he goes to the monastery forever to cleanse himself. As a gray-haired old man, he reaches enlightenment and, taking up a brush, is already able to paint saints. Giving instructions to his son, he himself says like a saint: “A hint of the divine, the heavenly is concluded for a person in art, and for that alone it is already above everything ... Sacrifice everything to him and love him with all passion, not passion, breathing earthly lust , but with a quiet heavenly passion: without it, a person has no power to rise from the earth and cannot give wonderful sounds of calm. For to calm and reconcile everyone, a high creation of art descends into the world. However, the story does not end optimistically. Gogol lets the portrait continue its fateful journey, warning that no one is immune from evil.

Subject:"A Study of the Influence of Good and Evil on

talent and fate of the characters in the story

N.V. Gogol "Portrait"

Target:

To instill in students the skill of research work with primary sources, reference literature.

In the course of the research work, consider the influence of good and evil on the talent and fate of the heroes of the story.

To reveal the artistic features of the characters' images using computer and audio tools.

To promote the formation of an active moral position, the ability to conduct a discussion, the skill of working in a group.

Equipment: computer, projection screen, multimedia

projector, tape recorder, texts of the story,

Dictionary.

Lesson steps:

Organizing time.

Theme activation.

Research work on the topic.

Psychological unloading (health-saving technologies).

Summing up the lesson.

Discussion of the results of the work.

Homework of choice (Design drafts of the essay).

Board layout:

The study of the influence of good and evil on the fate and talent of the heroes of the story by N.V. Gogol "Portrait »

Talent is precious

the gift of God - do not destroy it ...

The true purpose of talent

serve the good .

N.V. Gogol

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment

Method -

conversation

2. Updating the topic.

Today we have the final lesson on the story of N.V. Gogol "Portrait", which is included in the collection "Petersburg Tales".

There are many problems in the story, we will pay special attention to one of them - good and evil. We will do a little research to help you write an essay.

You read the work, dismantled each part. In today's lesson, we will summarize your knowledge and bring it into a system, so we will prepare for writing an essay.

First, let us recall the composition of the story (the definition of composition).

What is the peculiarity of the construction of the work? (Parts are not in chronological order.)

What characters are considered in each part?

What connects them? (Portrait) Is he the hero of the story? (Yes, it affects the fate of the heroes).

3. Research work on the topic.

Research work in literature lessons can be carried out in many areas. In the lesson we will try to use them.

You are divided into three groups, each of which, using the example of the characteristics of the heroes, will consider the influence of good and evil. In groups, choose 1 artist who will depict the characters with a pencil, 1 systematizer each - I work on texts on the content of the story in writing, 2 people - analysts. They draw up a work plan, analyze the work of groups. Highlighting the most active students with

Method - story, slide show No. 1

Slide Show #2

Work in groups in areas: characteristics of heroes. Creation of artistic portraits.

Method - discussion + slide show

What character do we learn about at the beginning of the story? (I work with the 1st group, the rest also participate in the discussion)

What does Chartkov look like? (An old overcoat, a modest dress, a tightly worn dressing gown.)

What is his home?

Was the artist talented? Before answering this question, let's listen to the archivist. He was given the task: “From several encyclopedic sources, find the definition of the word “talent” - Prove the answer.

(Young Chartkov was an artist with talent, his brush responded with observation, busy with his work, he could forget both drink and food, and the whole world).

Retell the moment of the unexpected appearance of money. What feelings and thoughts visit Chartkov? What is he listening to?

The artist begins to work to order, because. wants to get rich quick.

When does Chartkov realize that his talent has died? Prove with words from the text. (His brush grew cold and dull)

How does the hero feel? (Envy). What intention was born in his soul?

Is Chartkov's death natural? Why? (Evil begins to lead him).

Where in the modern world can you meet people

like Chartkov?

Slide Show #3

Archivist's report

2. Retell the story of the artist who created the portrait of the pawnbroker

What work was an example of his spiritual revival? (Nativity of Christ)

What happened to his talent? Could evil take over his soul? The artist managed to preserve and exalt his talent.

Where in the modern world can one meet people like the father of the artist B.?

Slide Show #4

3. - What did we learn about the portrait at the beginning of the story?

What surprised everyone? (Eyes).

Let's turn to the second part.

Tell us about the person in the portrait? What feeling does the usurer represent? (Evil). Prove.

Good exists alongside evil. Having passed it through yourself, you involuntarily become infected with it. To reflect the spiritual world, one must have great strength of mind and purity of heart, otherwise evil will subdue a person. A person, depicting evil, as if gives him the opportunity to influence our world, opens a window for him and thereby commits a sin. The artist does not serve his own vanity, and not even his talent. He serves God.

Showing the influence on the fate and talent of heroes,

Gogol uses the technique of fantasy. What does it mean? (Compare 2 editions of the end of the story). In the first edition of the story, the ending was as follows: after telling about the history of the terrible portrait, the image of the usurer disappears from the canvas before everyone's eyes. In the second edition, the portrait is stolen during the story.

Just like almost 200 years ago, in the modern world people are tempted by evil, power and money dominate.

Diagram on a blackboard drawn up by an archivist

We verbally described the characters of the story. Now let's listen to the artists. What is the main detail in the appearance? Prove it.

Visually compare the images you created with the work of professional artists.

Slideshow

№ 5-14

4. Psychological relief.

Let's get some rest. Close your eyes. Listen to 2 excerpts from classical pieces. What character characterizes each passage? Prove it.

5. Summing up the lesson.

How does the story solve the problem of the influence of good and evil on the talent and fate of the characters? Refer to the epigraph.

Thus, people always face a certain choice. And, choosing, a person is mistaken. If he realizes his mistake and corrects - this is good, spiritual rebirth occurs. If pride does not allow to correct, then his fall is final - this is evil.

Listening to audio recordings

Method - conversation

6. Discussion of the results of the work.

- Analysts submit work plans and evaluate group work, individual results are submitted to the teacher.

7. Homework of your choice.

mark

Essay theme

"3"

The story of N.V. Gogol "Portrait". Theme, idea, composition, heroes of the work.

"4", "5"

1. The path from talent to death. Characteristics of Chartkov.

2. The path from talent to purification. Description of the artist. who painted the portrait.

3. Evil in the story of N.V. Gogol "Portrait"

* task of increased difficulty

Persuade Chartkov to go the right way and keep his talent. Make a conversation algorithm with the hero. (quest dialogue)

slide show

№ 15

Written work (designing drafts of the essay).

Grishina Marina Anatolievna

The story "Portrait" was completed by N.V. Gogol by 1841. The writer reflects on the high secret of art, the spiritual death of the artist. This story touches on many issues. One of the most important problems is the struggle between good and evil. It manages to be successfully revealed due to the fact that the work consists of two parts, in each of which there is an artist.

The first part tells about the painter Chartkov.

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He is very talented, but poor. After acquiring a strange portrait in an art gallery, unusual things happen to him: the revival of the usurer depicted in the portrait, an incomprehensible dream. In this dream, Chartkov sees a lot of money, which gives us the right to say about his thirst for fame and fortune. In the soul of the protagonist there is a secret evil, an ill-wisher. Soon he discovers the money that fell out of that painting. With their help, he becomes rich and then famous. With the acquisition of fame, Chartkov loses the most important thing - his individuality. He no longer draws from the heart, but according to accepted standards, stereotypes. Once at an exhibition of the work of his old friend, he noticed the splendor of his work. At that moment, he realizes that he has exchanged his talent for money. Soon Chartkov dies, shocked by this thought.

The second part of the story tells about another, completely opposite in spirit, artist, not inclined to ambition. A usurer came to him with a request to paint his portrait. The artist set to work on it, but the execution process went badly. Upon completion of the portrait, he began to be passed from hand to hand, and everyone to whom he fell became doomed to misfortune. The artist realized that he had committed a sin, became a hermit and went to a monastery. Having healed his soul by painting an icon, he bequeathed to his son to find and destroy that ill-fated portrait. In this way he tried to atone for his sin.

Summing up the above, we can say that good and evil in the story "Portrait" are certainly interconnected and are the main theme of the work. The first is manifested here as the atonement for sin, the desire for repentance and the absence of ambition that darkens life. And the second manifests itself in the path from talent to death due to greed and envy, the desire to become richer and gain fame, no matter what.

Updated: 2019-02-10

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The story "Portrait" was written by Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol in 1842. The author uses the traditional motif: money, Wealth in exchange for the soul. It touches upon many problems: the struggle between good and evil in a person's soul, the power of money over a person, but the most important one is the problem of the purpose of art (art is true and imaginary). The story is in two parts, each with an artist.
The first part tells about the young painter Chartkov. This is a very talented, but at the same time poor man. He admires the talent of great artists; he is offended by the fact that fashionable artists who paint their pictures get huge money, and he must sit in poverty. But here a strange story happens to him. One day he went into an art shop and saw an unusual portrait. The portrait was very old, it showed an old man in an Asian costume. The portrait greatly fascinated Chartkov. The old man drew him to him; his eyes were especially expressive - they looked at him as if they were real. The young artist, without expecting it, bought this painting. After that, a strange situation happened to Chartkov: at night he had a dream that the old man got out of the picture and showed him a bag of money. This suggests that our young artist craves wealth and fame, there is already something demonic in his soul. Then, waking up, he finds money on a willow that would be enough for him for three years. Chartkov decides that it is better to spend them on canvases and paints, that is, for the benefit of his talent. But he is attracted by temptation: he breaks down and begins to buy a lot of things he does not need, rents an apartment in the city and buys himself fame in the form of a laudable article in the newspaper. He betrayed himself, his talent, became conceited; he does not pay any attention to the people who once occupied an important place in his life, including a teacher who advised him: "You have a talent; it will be a sin if you ruin it. See that you do not become a fashionable painter ... ". The article in the newspaper made a splash: people ran to him, asking him to paint their portrait, demanding this or that. Chartkov betrayed his soul and heart. Now he painted not so naturally, more similar to the person being portrayed, but as his clients asked: "one demanded to portray himself in a strong, energetic turn of his head; the other with inspired eyes raised upwards; the lieutenant of the guard demanded that Mars be visible in his eyes ... " After this, the artist's opinion completely changes, he is surprised how he could previously attach so much importance to similarity and spend so much time working on one portrait: "This man, who digs for several months over the picture, for me, is a worker, not an artist. I do not believe that he had talent. The genius creates boldly, quickly ..., argued that too much dignity was already attributed to the former artists, that before Raphael they all painted not figures, but herrings ... Mikel-Angel is a braggart ... ". Chartkov becomes a fashionable and famous rich man. The secret of his success is simple - catering to selfish orders and moving away from true art. Once he was asked to express his opinion about the work of a young artist. Chartkov was about to criticize his paintings, but suddenly he sees how great the work of a young talent is. And then he realizes that he exchanged his talent for money. Then envy of all artists seizes him - he buys up and spoils their paintings. Soon he goes mad and dies.
The second part of the story tells about a completely different artist. A young man comes to the auction and says that he wants to take the portrait of the old man, which should rightfully be his. Here this poor young artist is telling a story about a certain moneylender. He was extraordinarily rich and could borrow money from anyone. But every person who borrowed from him ended his life sadly. One day this moneylender asked me to draw his portrait. The portrait began to be painted by the father of the artist who tells the story. But every day he felt disgust for the usurer, for his eyes in the picture were very expressive, as if alive. Soon the moneylender died. The artist realized that he had committed a great sin by painting a portrait of a usurer, because misfortune happened to everyone who fell into his hands. He becomes a hermit, goes to a monastery. Soon he painted the icon of the Nativity of Jesus, having spent many years here. In this way, he healed his soul: “No, it is impossible for a person, with the help of human art alone, to produce such a picture: the holy higher power led your brush, and the blessing of heaven rested on your labor.” After that, he bequeaths to his son, a young artist, to destroy the portrait that he once painted, the portrait of the devil himself.
Thus, we see in the poem two completely different artists, whose fates are connected by one portrait. But in the first case, the artist goes from talent to death, and in the second - the path from committing sin to good.