Balsam poplar description. Plant passport balsam poplar populus balsamifera white poplar
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Balsam poplar(lat. Populus balsamifera) - a species of deciduous trees from the genus Poplar ( Populus) family Willow ( Salicaceae).
Used for planting in gardens and parks, singly and in groups, sometimes in alleys, for lining roads, strengthening the banks of rivers and reservoirs; is of interest for breeding to obtain wood for pulp and packaging.
Distribution and ecology
Grows along rivers and mountain streams, in alluvial valleys, along shallows and along coastal slopes, singly or in groves.
Up to 40 years old it grows very quickly, up to 1-1.5 m in height.
Botanical description
- Populus balsamifera subsp. balsamifera
- Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Brayshaw
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Notes
Literature
- Komarov V.L.// Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.-L. : Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1936. - T. V / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. - pp. 241-242. - 762 + XXVI pp. - 5175 copies.
- Sokolov S. Ya., Shipchinsky N. V., Yarmolenko A. V. Genus 3. Populus L. - Poplar // / Ed. volumes by S. Ya. Sokolov. - M.-L. : Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1951. - T. II. Angiosperms. - pp. 210-211. - 612 s. - 2500 copies.
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An excerpt characterizing Balsam Poplar
We were again greeted by the same gloomy, ominous landscape, which I almost didn’t pay attention to, since it, like everything else, after so many trips to the Lower Astral, had become almost familiar to us, as far as one could get used to such a thing in general. ..We quickly looked around and immediately saw Maria...
The baby, hunched over, sat straight on the ground, completely drooping, not seeing or hearing anything around, and only affectionately stroked the shaggy, motionless body of the “departed” friend with her frozen palm, as if trying to wake him up... Severe and bitter, completely not childish tears flowed in rivulets from her sad, extinct eyes, and, flashing with brilliant sparks, disappeared into the dry grass, watering it for a moment with clean, living rain... It seemed that this whole already quite cruel world had now become even more cruel for Maria colder and even stranger... She was left completely alone, so amazingly fragile in her deep sadness, and there was no one else to console her, or caress her, or even just protect her in a friendly way... And next to her, a huge , her best friend, her faithful Dean, lay motionless as a mound... She clung to his soft, shaggy back, unconsciously refusing to acknowledge his death. And she stubbornly did not want to leave him, as if knowing that even now, after death, he still loved her just as faithfully and also sincerely protected her... She really missed his warmth, his strong “furry” support, and that familiar, reliable, “their little world”, in which only the two of them lived... But Dean was silent, stubbornly not wanting to wake up... And some small, toothy creatures were scurrying around him, trying to grab at least a small piece of him hairy “flesh”... At the beginning, Maria still tried to drive them away with a stick, but, seeing that the attackers were not paying any attention to her, she gave up on everything... Here, just like on the “solid” Earth, there existed “ the law of the strong,” but when this strong one died, those who could not get him alive, now with pleasure tried to make up for lost time by “tasting” his energy body, at least dead...
From this sad picture my heart ached sharply and there was a treacherous pinch in my eyes... I suddenly felt wildly sorry for this wonderful, brave girl... And I couldn’t even imagine how she, poor thing, could, completely alone, in this terrible, sinister world, stand up for yourself?!
Stella’s eyes also suddenly sparkled wetly – apparently, similar thoughts came to her.
- Forgive me, Maria, how did your Dean die? – I finally decided to ask.
The little girl raised her tear-stained face at us, in my opinion, not even understanding what they were asking her about. She was very far away... Perhaps where her faithful friend was still alive, where she was not so lonely, where everything was clear and good... And the baby did not want to return here. Today's world was evil and dangerous, and she had no one else to rely on, and there was no one to protect her... Finally, taking a deep breath and heroically gathering her emotions into a fist, Maria told us the sad story of Dina's death...
– I was with my mother, and my kind Dean, as always, was guarding us... And then suddenly a terrible man appeared from somewhere. He was very bad. I wanted to run away from him wherever I could, but I just couldn’t understand why... He was just like us, even handsome, just very unpleasant. It smelled of horror and death. And he laughed all the time. And this laughter made my blood run cold... He wanted to take my mother with him, said that she would serve him... And my mother struggled, but he, of course, was much stronger... And then Dean tried to protect us, which he always managed to do before. Only the man was probably something special... He threw a strange orange “flame” at Dean, which could not be extinguished... And when, even while he was burning, Dean tried to protect us, the man killed him with blue lightning, which suddenly “blazed” from his hand. That's how my Dean died... And now I'm alone.
There are five types of balsam poplars.
Talas poplar grows in the mountains of Central Asia (except Turkmenistan).
Laurel-leaved poplar - in Altai and Sayan Mountains.
Sweet poplar is an inhabitant of Siberian forests in Eastern Siberia, from the Baikal region to Chukotka and Kamchatka. The Korean poplar from the Amur and Primorye regions is very similar to it. Only on Sakhalin and in the Amur region is the Maksimovich poplar found.
The balsam poplar itself comes from North America (distributed from Northern Alaska to the Atlantic coast), where different types of poplars form entire forests. Most often it grows along the banks of rivers, lakes and on mountain slopes together with other coniferous and deciduous trees.
Balsam poplar - Populus balsamifera L.
Belongs to the willow family (Salicaceae) - it is a large tree up to 35 m tall and in diameter from 1 m to 4-5 m with a spreading, wide, ovoid crown. The trunk is straight, full wood. The bark of old trees below is dark gray, cracking, above it is gray and smooth. The shoots are slightly angular, later cylindrical, brown.Poplar leaves are ovate
Or elliptical (12 x 7 cm), shiny, dark green above, whitish below, finely serrate-toothed along the edge, on long bare petioles. During the blooming period, the young sticky leaves are very fragrant due to their high resin content. 
Balsam poplar blooms before the leaves bloom (in April - May). Staminate catkins are up to 8 cm long, pistillate catkins are up to 10 cm, and as they mature they lengthen to 15 cm, glabrous. 
The fruit is a bivalve ovoid capsule up to 9 mm long. Seeds with abundant hairs ripen in late May - early June. 
The root system is powerful. It grows very quickly, especially on fresh and moist alluvial soils of the valleys (sometimes giving a growth of up to 1 m per season). Can grow on other soils. Quite gas-resistant and very frost-resistant. Light-loving, but can tolerate partial shade. Tolerates dry air and soil salinity well. Does not suffer from windfall. Lives up to 150-200 years.
Propagated by seeds and winter stem cuttings.
In urban conditions, it is severely damaged by poplar moths and rust.
Application of balsam poplar
The value and use of balsam poplar wood are the same as other types of poplar. In Russia, balsam poplar is bred from the Arctic Circle to the southern reaches as a forest and forest protection (especially along the banks of reservoirs) species. A very decorative tree. Widely used in green construction to create alleys, lining roads and streets (it is recommended to use exclusively male specimens). Thanks to its rapid growth, it is highly productive. The wood is soft, light, and is widely used in the pulp and paper industry, agricultural construction, and match production.poplar bark
Thick bark is used for floats in fishing nets.
Use of balsam poplar in medicine
The buds contain resins and essential oils used in medicine, aromatherapy and the perfume industry.Medicinal raw materials are obtained by extraction (steam distillation or solvent extraction).
Medicinal preparations from balsam poplar are used as an analgesic, healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, absorbent effect, and also elevate mood, stabilize emotions, and heal old emotional wounds.
Used for colds, bruises, sprains, muscle pain, skin injuries, hematomas, acne, unclean skin, cramps, spasmodic cough, menstrual pain, hemorrhoids, used for resorption of scars, scars, melancholy, sadness, depression, arthritis, rheumatism (in mixtures with German chamomile and Italian immortelle). Recipe for use for serious bruises, hematomas:
8 drops balsam poplar essential oil
5 drops Italian immortelle essential oil
5 drops German chamomile essential oil
Add the mixture to 27 grams (1 ounce) of olive oil.
Apply frequently to the damaged area. Poplar - contraindications and precautions
The oil contains salicin, so it should be used with caution if you are allergic to aspirin. Not recommended for use by pregnant women and small children. External use only!Balsam poplar (lat. Populus balsamifera) is a species of deciduous tree from the genus Poplar (Populus) of the Willow family (Salicaceae).
Tall, 20-35 m tall, deciduous dioecious tree. The crown is broadly ovate, weakly branched, the trunk is cylindrical, covered with smooth grayish-green bark; in the lower part of the trunk, especially in old trees, the bark is dark gray, with cracks. The buds are bare and sticky.
The leaves are alternate, together with the petiole, bare, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 cm long and 2.5-7 cm wide, rounded at the base, gradually tapering towards the apex into a long tip, serrate-toothed along the edge, dark green above, shiny , below - whitish or rusty, with pinpoint glands, on long thin cylindrical petioles. Flowers are unisexual, in drooping catkins; earrings on a long stem, men's - up to 7 cm long, women's - up to 15 cm; purple pistils. The fruit is a capsule.
It blooms in March - April, before the leaves appear.
In nature, the species' range covers the northern regions of the United States and almost all of Canada. In Russia, it grows wild only in the east of Chukotka (Pestsovaya and Chegitun rivers), where it grows in the form of small shrubs. Listed in the Red Book of Chukotka.
Grows along rivers and mountain streams, in alluvial valleys, along shallows and along coastal slopes, singly or in groves.
The medicinal raw materials are the buds, bark, and leaves. Buds and bark are collected in early spring from thin branches before the leaves bloom.
Poplar preparations have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipruritic, astringent, antipyretic, diaphoretic and wound-healing effects. The tincture well relieves any itching (often wipe any places with a cotton swab soaked in the tincture), allergies, acne goes away, purulent wounds, cuts, ulcers, abscesses, weeping fungus on the toes between the toes and dry nail fungus are cleaned; relieves burning after insect bites: mosquitoes, midges, spiders and other vermin.
A decoction of the kidneys is taken orally for nervous disorders, leukemia, diarrhea, as an antipyretic. For malaria, a decoction of the bark is used. As a sedative, baths with a decoction of buds or young leaves have a good effect. If nerves or tendons are damaged, a poultice is made with steamed fresh buds.
The tincture is used for malignant tumors and other diseases.
The water infusion is taken as a sedative, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, stabilizing, and tonic. Protective, antioxidant, hemostatic agent for malignant neoplasms of various localizations.
Fresh juice from the leaves, warm, is instilled into the ears for noise, ringing in the head, and toothache. A decoction of the leaves is used for diathesis in children.
An ointment prepared on the basis of black poplar buds is used for trichomonas colpitis (in the form of tampons), hemorrhoids, articular rheumatism, gout, polyarthritis, trophic ulcers, burns, skin itching, staphylococcal and fungal skin diseases, wounds, abscesses, boils.
A decoction or alcohol tincture is considered a good remedy in folk medicine for prostate adenoma, involuntary urination, bladder diseases, hemorrhoids, as an expectorant for bronchitis, tuberculosis, fatigue, cancer of various locations, internal bleeding. Take a decoction or tincture orally. To accelerate hair growth, a decoction or alcohol tincture is rubbed into the hair roots.
Decoction: 1 tbsp. kidneys per 1 tbsp. water, boil for 15 minutes, strain. Take a quarter or a third of a glass, 3 times a day with meals.
Poplars are very fast growing, gaining height and leaf mass from the Willow family. Trees grow very quickly during the first 15-20 years of life, but quickly age and die. When the poplar blooms, some people enjoy the white poplar blizzard in the hot summer, while others suffer from allergies. All types of poplars purify city air. There are several dozen species of poplars on earth, many of them are hybrids, grown through the efforts of dendrologists.
Balsamic
The balsam poplar is native to Canada and North America. The usual height is 17-20 m; old fifty-year-old trees often reach a height of 30 m.
The diameter of the spreading poplar crown is 10-12 m; the thick trunk is difficult for two people to grasp, since its diameter can be up to two meters. At the base of the trunk, the bark of the plant is dark, uneven, with bursting, clumsy furrows; higher up the trunk, elastic, smooth skin of a white-gray hue begins. 
The branches are covered with leaves 5-14 cm long and 4-7 cm wide. The shape of the leaves is round at the petiole and wedge-shaped, tapering to a sharp tip; the edges of the leaves are covered with finely toothed relief.
The leaf is smooth, with a cool leathery surface and a long dense petiole (2-2.5 cm), the upper part of the leaf is shiny, dark green, the color of the lower plate is gray-green, very light, the skeletal basis of the leaf structure is clearly visible from below.
The buds thrown out in the spring are large, elongated, up to 2 cm high. The buds and newly unfurled young leaves are sticky from a sticky resin coating covering them with a pleasant aroma.
A tree is considered mature only after 5 or 6 years. This poplar species is used to create living, windbreaks for fields and.
It is almost never used for landscaping cities and villages, although it looks very beautiful in group plantings consisting of a small group of trees.
Laurel leaf
Habitat: Western and Eastern Siberia, up to the Angara River. It grows in Altai, in the foothills of the Dzungarian Alatau. Distributed in river valleys on pebbles, on mountain slopes, and on crushed stone.
The height of the plant is from 10 to 20 m, the thickness of the trunk is up to 1 m in diameter. This type of poplar is not tall, the skeletal branches are spreading and few in number, and few new, young shoots grow on them per year. Therefore, the crown of the plant is not dense, slightly sparse.
Did you know? In total, there are 95 varieties of poplar trees growing on planet Earth.
The leathery cover of the trunk is gray with cracks. The tree is not very demanding in terms of lighting and lives on the poor. The roots of the laurel leaf are very deep; it can easily withstand the long, frost-rich Siberian winters.
The color of the bark of young shoots is light yellow, they are slightly pubescent. The shoots are of an unusual appearance, and with clearly visible ridges, as they mature, the shoots become round in diameter. 
This ribbing of the shoots is due to longitudinal cork-like growths, which is a distinctive feature of this particular type of poplar. The buds are oval, sharp, brown-green, elongated, covered with a sticky and pleasantly smelling substance.
The foliage is large, leaf length 6-14 cm, width from 2 to 5 cm. The shape of the leaf is oval-elongated, narrowed towards the end, the leaf has a finely indented border, smooth to the touch, cool, leathery, with a two-color color (green-whitish). The blossoming foliage is sticky and light green.
Due to the frequent freezing of the branches, an abundant growth of young shoots occurs; this makes the crown of the tree seem extremely lush and very decorative.
Flowering in this variety occurs in May-June; the fringed earrings are whitish in color, loosely fluffy, and covered with yellow pollen.
The male form of catkins is cylindrical, from 3 to 8 cm long, they contain 20-25 stamens with filaments and anthers, the female form of flowering (catkins) has flowers sparsely located on them, a pistil with a two-lobed stigma. The blades on the pestle are located downwards. 
After ripening (May-June), fruits in the form of quadrangular swollen balls are formed in place of the earring inflorescences. The finally ripened seeds scatter from the bursting testes. Poplars from the laurel family are used in plantings along highways.
Important! The poplar family is divided into male and female trees. But only females spread fluff around when flowering.
Pyramidal
Pyramidal poplar is a light-loving plant. Very tall, the species description indicates a maximum height of 35-40 m and a maximum lifespan of up to 300 years. It grows in Italy, the Caucasus, Ukraine, Central Asia, and Russia.
Loves neutral and slightly acidic, moderately saturated with moisture, but well lit by the sun. Grows quickly in the first 10 years. The head of the plant is narrow, clearly elongated upward, the branches are powerful, strong, growing at an angle of 90° relative to the trunk. 
The cut diameter of the trunk can be up to one meter, has weakly defined annual rings, dark gray bark, cut with small cracks. It blooms with small flowers collected in long inflorescences in the form of male and female earrings; female earrings are 5-7 cm longer than male ones.
Flowering occurs immediately after buds break. The color of women's and men's earrings is also different, men's are burgundy, women's are light milky.
The young plant has smooth and elastic, light gray or light olive bark. The shape of the pyramidal poplar leaf is clearly triangular, with a wide, even base, sharply tapering towards the top of the leaf.
Like other species of representatives of Willows, the pyramidal one has shiny, dark green leaves with a white color along the lower plate, finely toothed along the edge. The leaves are attached to the branches with a short, strong petiole, slightly flattened lengthwise.
With the onset of autumn, the foliage turns yellow; in mid-October, the leaf cover crumbles to the foot of the trees. 
The roots of this plant are located deep down and wide, some of the roots are usually located on the surface of the ground near the base of the tree. Grows well in urban environments, there is no negative reaction to emissions of automobile gases into the air.
Black (sedge)
Black poplar or Osokor - has become widespread in Russia and Ukraine, grows in parks and squares, in deciduous forests. It is used in city landscaping due to its exceptional ability to release oxygen.
One plant can produce as much oxygen as 10 and three large, old ones. In one summer season, black poplar clears the city air of 20 kg of dust accumulations; its buds also have healing properties and are used in folk medicine. 
During its life, the giant reaches a height of 35 meters, its lifespan is from 60 to 300 years. Old trees are spreading, stocky, with a powerful trunk, covered with skin growths, which over time hardened and became shapeless wood. The bark is rough, almost black.
The buds are tightly pressed to the branches, round, large, with light scales, covered with gluten. The leaves are hard and large, triangular or diamond-shaped, attached to the branches by flattened cuttings.
Flowering - long catkins, burgundy and yellow, male and female varieties. Male and female flowers differ in the color and length of the inflorescences; female inflorescences are usually twice as long and more magnificent. 
Flowering occurs in late May or early June. After seed ripening, dispersal (reproduction) begins. The poplar family has earned recognition and love in different parts of the world for its diversity, rapid growth and unpretentiousness.
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Spreading
Cultivated in all regions of our country. It is characterized by rapid growth and high productivity, especially in floodplain conditions with fertile alluvial soil. In the Minsk Botanical Garden, balsam poplar, grown from cuttings, at 20 years of age has a height of 18.7 m. In shelterbelt forest belts of the Kamennaya Steppe (Voronezh region), balsam poplar significantly exceeds in growth energy such species as common ash and weeping birch. At 20 years of age, the height reaches 20 m, the wood supply is 400 m³/ha. In the Urals, balsam poplar is the most common type in green construction.
Tree
A large tree up to 20–30 (35) m high. Trunk with a diameter of 1–2 (4–5) m. The crown is broadly ovate, with few branches. Young shoots are slightly ribbed (only on strong shoots the ribbing is more noticeable); later the shoots lose their ribbing and become rounded. The buds are pungent, brownish-green, sticky, aromatic. Leaves are 7-12 cm long and 3-8 cm wide, deltoid-ovate, elliptical or rhombic, thin-skinned, with a rounded or broadly wedge-shaped base and a wedge-shaped apex, finely toothed at the edges, glabrous, dark green above, whitish below; young leaves are sticky, fragrant. The leaf petiole is round, young leaves are pubescent, and older leaves are bare. Male catkins 7–10 cm long, flowers with fringed scales, 20–30 (40–60) stamens. Female catkins are 15–20 cm long. The fruit capsules are large, three-four-leaf, ovoid, pointed. It blooms in April-May before the leaves bloom, the fruits ripen in June-July. The seeds are equipped with abundant hairs. When the bolls ripen and crack, the mass of seeds is carried by the wind, polluting the air and soil. Therefore, only male specimens should be used for planting in populated areas. Lives up to 160 years. Reproduces by seeds, forms root suckers, and propagates very well by cuttings. Annual cuttings form a strong, compact root system and easily tolerate transplantation. There are 1100–1200 seeds in 1 gram, their yield is 4–6%. Sow at a rate of 1 g/m. The trunk bark of old trees below is dark gray, fissured, in the upper part of the trunk it is gray and smooth.
Application
Balsam poplar is of great importance in forestry when creating forest crops in protective afforestation and landscaping.
