The humanistic orientation of the works of Astrid Lindgren. Fantasy in fairy tales by astrid lindgren

Astrid Lindgren received worldwide recognition and translated into many languages ​​​​of the world (more than 27), is the Swedish writer Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren. In Lindgren, the Scandinavian came to life and blossomed. The writer is not just the heir to the traditions of Andersen and Lagerlöf, she continued and developed them. In her books, sometimes based on folklore stories, fantastic features are intertwined with elements of everyday life and modernity. Lindgren, who is called the "Andersen of our days", simply and naturally gives the story a fairy tale, as if refracting in the perception of the child. Lindgren, who knows so much about the child's needs for fascination and danger in tenderness and devotion, in loneliness and friendship, created the most magnificent fairy tale "Pippi Longstocking" (1945) of this book captivated small and large readers with kindness, generosity and originality of character. Moreover, Lindgren herself believes that the main reason for Peppy's popularity is her extraordinary omnipotence. "Pippi satisfies a child's dream of power," writes Lindgren.

Indeed, in this book, the writer embodied the dream of an orphan child about a happy life in a wonderful world of truth and justice. She endowed her heroine with fabulous wealth, unimaginable fantasy and supernatural power, which help her to exist in an evil and cruel world, where only shelter awaits an orphaned child.

In Pippi Longstocking, Lindgren wonderfully combines fantasy with reality. The girl freely raises a giant horse, becomes a Negro princess, she rebels against the petty-bourgeois well-being of modern Sweden and the dogmatic school system.

In the book Mio, My Mio!(1954), delimiting the world of reality with its orphanhood and violence against the child's will from peace, freedom and justice, Lindgren skillfully combines the fantastic and the real. It is important that the storyteller managed to put modern content into this book with the traditional struggle between good and evil: an anti-fascist orientation is guessed in the story-tale. The hero of the fairy tale - the champion of justice - a Swedish orphan boy, he is also the magical prince Mio, endowed with a warm, loving heart, brave and courageous, defeats the personification of evil forces - the knight Kato.

Merit Lindgren in that she managed to give the boy in development. At first, Mio feels a sense of fear, but the thought of the feat destined for him, of the suffering of people gives him courage, and he penetrates the kingdom of the evil knight Kato and kills the villain.

Nature plays an important role in the story. Following the traditions of Scandinavian folk literature and H. K. Andersen, the writer personifies and animates nature. The forest, the trees - everything is full of hatred for Kato. The blackest mountain in the world opens up to let Mio and his friend Yuma in. Contrasting pictures of nature help to oppose the two worlds. Radiant, illuminated by the sun, covered with green meadows The Far Country is the kingdom of Father Mio. Dark and gloomy is the realm of Kato. The waters of the Dead Lake are black, surrounded by black bare rocks, resounding only with the mournful cries of birds. Nature constantly reflects the experiences of the characters, accompanies them. At the moment of the last battle between Mio and Kato, black clouds rise above the lake. Black rocks groan plaintively, despair sounds in the voices of birds. When Mio kills Kato, the night ends and the morning comes. Nature, lake, rocks - everything is transformed. Everything is lit by the sun. is conducted on behalf of the ocular Mio, who actively intervenes in the narration, conveys the mood of the author and the characters. Repetition plays a big role in creating mood.

One of the most popular Lindgren's works - "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" (1955) - an original realistic and modern fairy tale that is woven into everyday life, into a true story about a boy with his sorrows and joys, specific thinking and language. A fairy tale grows out of a fantasy, out of a child's invention. The writer does not get tired of repeating that everything that happens in the book is quite “ordinary”. “Not quite” is only Carlson, who lives on the roof. Everyone - mom and dad, Bosse and Betan consider Carlson an invention, a fantasy of the Kid. Only the Kid himself does not doubt the existence of Carlson.

Carlson, indeed, the most ordinary, fat little man, endowed with a number of negative qualities. But at the same time, the negative properties of Carlson are balanced by the positive ones. If the image of Carlson in the book is stable, then the Kid is shown by the writer in development. It's like an internal struggle going on all the time. On the one hand, he is fascinated by the pranks and pranks of Carlson, he is not averse to taking part in them, but he protests as soon as these pranks cross the line.

« Kid and Carlson who lives on the roof" - an educational book. The child learns about the life of a big city, learns that in a world that seems so cheerful and joyful to him, there are criminals, there are children left unattended. The kid grows up, realizing that it is necessary to actively intervene in life and help the weak. Lindgren's book is not importunately educational, not apologetic towards adults, but very truthful and realistic. True, the Kid is sometimes too smart for a seven-year-old child and Carlson's speeches are too similar to those of an adult. Nevertheless, the book strikes with a subtle knowledge of the psychology of children, their language, humor and well-aimed jokes.

Continuation of the story entitled "Carlson, who lives on the roof, flies again" (1963) appeared in connection with the success of the first book and the numerous requests of children who dream of finding out what happened to their favorite characters. Along with the further development of children's characters, Lindgren here gives a satire on modern television and advertising.

The last part of the trilogy - "Carlson who lives on the roof appears secretly" (1968) - is a subtle and witty parody of the modern Swedish press, of detective literature. It tells about the new tricks of the Kid and Carlson, about their true friendship. “... The best Carlson in the world, with his manifestations of childish discontent and uncontrollable egoism, is truly irresistible,” notes the Swedish.

Lindgren's work is not limited to the fairy tale genre. The writer devoted many works to modern reality. In a realistic story "The Adventures of Kalle Blomkvist"(1946) reveals the true background of mysterious incidents and murders, the world of detectives and gangsters, whose adventures seem so tempting to children; Kalle Blomkvist dreams of becoming a famous detective whose name will make the underworld tremble. And in the beginning, tracking down criminals is an exciting game for him. But when the real criminal, Uncle Einar, appears in the city, the game is over: Kalle and his friends Anders and Eva-Lotta, relentlessly pursuing the robber and his accomplices, are in real danger. The same thing happens in the second and third parts of the trilogy about Kalle Blomkvist "The Dangerous Life of Kalle Blomkvist" and "Kalle Blomkvist and Rasmus" (1961).

In the story "Rasmus the Tramp"(1956), for which Lindgren, along with her other books, was awarded the H. K. Andersen International Gold Medal in 1958 in Florence, the writer addresses the topic of orphanages. It shows the terrible face of children's institutions, extolled in every possible way by the bourgeois press. Rasmus' flight from the orphanage deals a decisive blow to the glorification and fabrications of a happy childhood in orphanages. This book, close to the traditions of the best works of Dickens and Mark Twain, is not free from well-known shortcomings. The writer believes that the problem of the life of destitute and homeless children can be resolved if compassionate rich people take them in for upbringing. But Lindgren herself, perhaps imperceptibly to herself, shows the failure of such ideals.

The book is peculiar and some artificiality of action. In the most difficult moments, in the most difficult situations, when the heroes are on the verge of death, miraculous deliverers come to their aid - animals, things, people. The private shortcomings of the story do not remove its value for both foreign and Soviet readers. In the early 1960s, Lindgren created a series of TV shows about little Cherven and her friends that attracted a lot of attention in Sweden. Then, on the basis of these TV shows, a film was made (shown in 1965 in Moscow at the Swedish Film Festival, where Astrid Lindgren was also present), and then the book We Are on Saltkroka Island (1964) was written.

This story continues the tradition of Astrid Lindgren's realistic works (in particular, "Rasmus the Tramp"), which are based on real life events. The main, extremely simple and transparently expressed idea of ​​this book; children, wherever they grow up, should have a real, joyful. Children must meet love and understanding from adults, and all unnecessary, superficial, overshadowing childhood must be eliminated.

Need a cheat sheet? Then save - » Heroes and Images of Astrid Lindgren's Works. Literary writings!

Astrid Lingren was born on November 14, 1907 in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland (Kalmar county), into a farming family. Her parents, father Samuel August Eriksson and mother Hanna Jonsson, met when they were 13 and 9 years old. Seventeen years later, in 1905, they married and settled on a rented farm in Ness, a parsonage on the very outskirts of Vimmerby, where Samuel began farming. Astrid became their second child. She had an older brother Gunnar (July 27, 1906 - May 27, 1974) and two younger sisters - Stina (1911-2002) and Ingegerd (1916-1997).

As Lindgren herself pointed out in the collection of autobiographical essays "My Fictions" (1971), she grew up in the age of "horse and cabriolet". The family's primary means of transportation was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment simpler, and the relationship with the natural environment much closer than it is today. Such an environment contributed to the development of the writer's love of nature - all Lindgren's work is imbued with this feeling, from eccentric stories about the daughter of Captain Pippi Longstocking to the story of Ronnie, the daughter of a robber.

The writer herself always called her childhood happy (it had a lot of games and adventures, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it was it that served as a source of inspiration for her work. Astrid's parents not only had a deep affection for each other and for the children, but also did not hesitate to show it, which was rare at that time. The writer spoke about the special relationship in the family with great sympathy and tenderness in her only book not addressed to children, Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hanna from Hult (1973).

As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works. Love for books and reading, as she later admitted, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to the amazing, exciting world that one could get into by reading fairy tales. The impressionable Astrid was shocked by this discovery, and later mastered the magic of the word herself.

Her abilities became apparent already in elementary school, where Astrid was called the "Wimmerbün Selma Lagerlöf which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.

After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren started working as a journalist for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen. But two years later, she became pregnant, unmarried, and, leaving her position as a junior reporter, went to Stockholm. There she completed secretarial courses and 1931 found a job in this field. December 1926 She had a son, Lars. Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark in a family of foster parents. IN 1928 she got a job as a secretary at the Royal Automobile Club, where she met Sture Lindgren(1898--1952). They got married in April 1931, and after that, Astrid was able to take Lars home.

Years of creativity

After her marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself completely to caring for Lars, and then for the born in 1934 daughter Karin. IN 1941 Lindgren moved into an apartment overlooking the Stockholm Vasa Park where the writer lived until her death. Occasionally taking on secretarial work, she wrote travel descriptions and rather banal tales for family magazines and advent calendars, which gradually honed her literary skills.

According to Astrid Lindgren, " Pippi Longstocking" (1945 ) was born primarily thanks to her daughter Karin. In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every night Astrid told her all sorts of stories before going to bed. Once a girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking- she thought up this name right there, on the go. So Astrid Lindgren began to compose a story about a girl who does not obey any conditions. Since Astrid then defended the idea, new for that time and causing heated debate education taking into account child psychology, the challenge to convention seemed to her an amusing thought experiment. If we consider the image of Peppy in a generalized way, then it is based on those that appeared in 1930 --40s years of innovative ideas in the field of child education and child psychology. Lindgren followed and participated in the controversy unfolding in society, advocating education that would take into account the thoughts and feelings of children and thus show respect for them. The new approach to children also affected her creative style, as a result of which she became an author who consistently speaks from the point of view of a child.

After the first story about Pippi, which Karin fell in love with, Astrid Lindgren over the next years told more and more evening tales about this red-haired girl. On Karin's tenth birthday, Astrid Lindgren wrote down several stories in shorthand, from which she compiled a book of her own making (with illustrations by the author) for her daughter. This original manuscript of "Pippi" was less carefully finished stylistically and more radical in its ideas. The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. Astrid Lindgren was not discouraged by the refusal, she already realized that composing for children was her calling. IN 1944 she took part in a competition for the best book for girls, announced by a relatively new and little-known publishing house "Raben and Sjogren". Lindgren received the second prize for Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul (1944) and a publishing contract for it. astrid lindgren children's writer

IN 1945 Astrid Lindgren was offered the position of editor of children's literature at the Raben and Sjogren publishing house. She accepted this offer and worked in one place until 1970 when she officially retired. All of her books were published by the same publishing house. Despite being very busy and combining editorial work with household chores and writing, Astrid turned out to be a prolific writer: if you count picture books, a total of about eighty works came out of her pen. The work was especially productive in 40s And 50s years. Totally agree 1944 --1950s Astrid Lindgren has written a trilogy about Pippi Longstocking, two stories about children from Bullerby, three books for girls, a detective story, two collections of fairy tales, a collection of songs, four plays and two picture books. As you can see from this list, Astrid Lindgren was an unusually versatile author, willing to experiment in a wide variety of genres.

IN 1946 she published the first story about the detective Kalle Blomkvist ("Kalle Blomkvist plays"), thanks to which she won first prize in a literary competition (Astrid Lindgren did not participate in competitions anymore). IN 1951 followed by a sequel, "Kalle Blomkvist risks" (in Russian, both stories were published in 1959 titled "The Adventures of Calle Blumkvist"), and in 1953-- the final part of the trilogy, "Kalle Blomkvist and Rasmus" (was translated into Russian in 1986 ). "Kalle Blomkvist" the writer wanted to replace the readers with glorifying violence cheap thrillers.

IN 1954 Astrid Lindgren wrote the first of her three fairy tales - "Mio, my Mio!" (trans. 1965 ). This emotional, dramatic book combines the techniques of the heroic legends and magical fairy tales, and it tells the story of Bo Wilhelm Olsson, the unloved and neglected son of foster parents. Astrid Lindgren more than once resorted to fairy tales and fairy tales, touching on the fate of lonely and abandoned children (this was the case before "Mio, my Mio!"). To bring comfort to children, to help them overcome difficult situations - this task was not least driven by the work of the writer.

In the next trilogy - "Baby and Carlson who lives on the roof 1955 ; per. 1957 ), "Carlson, who lives on the roof, flew in again" ( 1962 ; per. 1965 ) and "Carlson, who lives on the roof, is playing pranks again" ( 1968 ; per. 1973 ) - again the fantasy hero of a non-evil sense is acting. This "moderately well-fed", infantile, greedy, boastful, inflated, self-pitying, self-centered, although not without charm little man lives on the roof of the apartment building where the Kid lives. As Baby's imaginary friend, he is a much less wonderful image of childhood than the unpredictable and carefree Pippi. The kid is the youngest of three children in the most ordinary Stockholm family. bourgeois, And Carlson gets into his life in a very specific way - through the window, and does it every time the Kid feels superfluous, bypassed or humiliated, in other words, when the boy feels sorry for himself. In such cases, its compensatory effect appears. alter ego- in all respects, the "best in the world" Carlson, who makes the Kid forget about troubles.

The writer died on January 28, 2002 in Stockholm. Astrid Lindgren is one of the most famous children's writers in the world. Her works are imbued with fantasy and love for children. Many of them have been translated into over 70 languages ​​and published in more than 100 countries. In Sweden, she became a living legend as she entertained, inspired and comforted generations of readers, participated in political life, changed laws and significantly influenced the development of children's literature.

Astrid Lindgren is a cult Swedish writer who worked in the second half of the 20th century. She made an invaluable contribution to the development and popularization of children's literature, gave the world the immortal images of Pippi Longstocking, Carlson, detective Kalle Blomkvist and always worshiped only one religion - childhood. Everyone who knew Astrid Lindgren admired her amazing ability to make friends.

She easily won over people and struck up warm friendships with work colleagues, writers whose books she reviewed, celebrities, admirers, housekeepers, and even those whom she had never seen. Despite her workload, Astrid maintained a correspondence with a huge number of people, did not leave a single reader's letter unattended and always answered them personally.

But the most important thing is that Lindgren not only made friends, but also made friends. For some, thanks to Astrid, the cheerful kind Pippi became the best friend, someone doted on the traveler Katya, and someone with bated breath waited for Carlson's return and listened if the sound of their favorite propeller sounded in the distance.

Astrid Lindgren's childhood passed on the picturesque expanses of the Nes estate, which was located in the cozy Swedish town of Vimmerby (Kalmar County). The writer fondly recalls her close-knit family. Her parents, Samuel and Hannah, met at an early age. Samuel fell in love with the fourteen-year-old Hanna at first sight, but it took four long years to get the girl's hand. Cafes were a favorite meeting place, where the couple sat for long hours over cups of tea. And although neither one nor the other liked tea, at that time this drink was considered elite. Wanting to make a good impression on each other, Hannah and Samuel reveled in hateful tea and love. Years later, Astrid retold her parents' love story in Samuel August of Sevedsthorp and Hannah of Hult. The writer claimed that there was more love in their romance than in any of the romantic books she had read. Hannah and Samuel were amazing parents. They raised their four children - Gunnar, Astrid, Stina and Ingegerd - in love and freedom. Children were free to play in the vastness of the estate, they were never driven into the framework of authoritarian rules, and there was no question of physical punishment. Lindgren recalls childhood games with rapture. “Oh, how we knew how to play! - the writer exclaims years later - The four of us could tirelessly play from morning to night. A favorite pastime was the "Don't step on the floor" game described in Pippi Longstocking. It is in her that the red-haired Peppy teaches Tommy and Annika to play. Well remembers Astrid and the period of growing up. According to the writer, one day the guys and I realized that we could no longer play. It was scary, because we had no idea what else to do. But soon the children's amusements were replaced by other hobbies - lessons, music and, of course, books! The democratic model of education, which the Ericsson family adhered to, did not spoil the children at all. All of them received education and worthy professions. Gunnar became famous as the author of political satire, Stina achieved success in the field of translator, Ingegerd became a sought-after journalist, well, and Astrid became a world-famous writer, an outstanding publisher and theorist of children's literature. Samuel Eriksson liked to repeat: “I have extraordinary children! And they are all busy with words.

vicissitudes of fate: single mother

Leaving the cozy parental home, young Astrid faced harsh reality. The first steps in adult life were very difficult. It all started with the fact that at the age of 18, Astrid became pregnant. The baby's father was Aksel Blumberg, the editor of the newspaper where Miss Ericsson worked. Rejecting Bloomberg's offer, Astrid chose the difficult path of a single mother. She did not shift the care of the newborn Lars onto the shoulders of her parents, but entrusted her little son to a foster family from Denmark. She herself moved to Stockholm, completed courses in cursive writing on a typewriter and got a job as a secretary. It was the most difficult period in Astrid's life. For a whole week she worked in the service, and on weekends she rushed to visit little Lars. Everything changed when Astrid met the manager of the Royal Automobile Club, Sture Lindgren. Soon he became her husband and father of two children - Lars and the younger Karin. Astrid repaid her lover and savior - she glorified his name for all time.

After getting married, Astrid was able to leave the service and, finally, take care of the house and children. Every day she read fairy tales to her little Karin, and soon she began to invent them herself. So, under the honey light of a night lamp in the children's room, the image of a cheerful girl with red pigtails, fantastic strength, a suitcase of gold and high multi-colored stockings was born. "Pippi Longstocking!" said little Karin. “Okay, let it be Pippi Longstocking,” my mother agreed. After writing down Pippi's story, Astrid submitted the book to several publishers and was rejected. Lindgren did not despair, she again took up the pen and took part in a literary competition from the leading Swedish publishing house Raben and Sjögren. Brit Marie Pours Out Her Soul won the second prize, and its author received publishing rights. In 1945, the green light was given to the book about Pippi. The first part of the trilogy "Pippi Settles in the Chicken Villa" was a resounding success. Thus began the glorious procession of Astrid Lindgren through the world of children's literature.

Astrid Lindgren's contribution to children's literature is truly invaluable. Since the 40s, Lindgren has published regularly, giving enthusiastic readers new stories and images: 1945-1948 - the Pippi Longstocking trilogy is released (plus two short stories in 1979 and 2000); 1946-1953 - a trilogy about the adventures of detective Kalle Blomkvist; 1947-1852 - stories about the inhabitants of Bullerby in three parts; 1950-1954 - three books about the adventures of young Katya (in America, in Italy, in Paris); 1955-1968 - a trilogy about the funny little man Carlson, who lives on the roof; 1958-1961 - a dilogy about children from Gorlastaya Street; 1960-1993 - stories about the girl Madiken (four books); 1963-1997 - a series of short stories about the misadventures of Emil from Lenneberga. Lindgren's most famous heroine was Pippi Longstocking. To date, books about Pippi have been translated into 70 languages ​​​​of the world and continue to be reprinted. Along with the army of fans in different years, Deanstockings also had opponents. Peppy was called selfish, narcissistic, spoiled and even “mentally ill”, and her upbringing (or rather, its complete absence) is absolutely not indicative of the younger generation. Lindgren each time stood up for her beloved heroine, boldly discussed with eminent accusers and repeated: “Give children as much love as possible ... and common sense will come to them by itself.” But the domestic reader most of all liked another popular hero of Astrid Lindgren's books - "a moderately well-fed man in the prime of life" mischievous Carlson, who lives on the roof. An important role in popularizing the image was played by the cult Soviet cartoon directed by Boris Stepantsev. Capricious and kind, playful and noble, Carlson, who spoke in the voice of Vasily Livanov, is no longer perceived as a European. Since then it has become ours. The heroes of Astrid Lindgren continue to inspire modern writers, sometimes allusions to the works of the famous Swede pop up in the most unexpected variations. For example, the protagonist of Stieg Larsson's Millennium detective trilogy Mikael Blomkvist is jokingly called Kalle Blomkvist. The hateful nickname stuck to Mikael due to the fact that he began his career with investigative journalism. And the prototype of the main character Lisbeth Salander was Pippi Longstocking. The image of Lisbeth is essentially a literary experiment - the Stig imagined what a grown-up Pippi would look like in the modern world.

Publisher "Raben and Shegren"

In addition to her literary activities, Astrid Lindgren became famous as a first-class publisher. After the successful publication of a book about Pippi Lindgren, she was invited to the Raben and Sjogren publishing house, which once opened her way to the literary world. Here Astrid worked all her life until her retirement. Colleagues have always been amazed at Lindgren's efficiency. In the morning she wrote novels, in the afternoon she reviewed other people's works, in the evenings she attended presentations and exhibitions. At the same time, Astrid managed to pay attention to the family, was an active public figure and always maintained a cheerful mood.

Honored authority

Lindgren's opinion was trusted. She had an amazing aesthetic taste and knew how to feel worthwhile works. Astrid opened the world to many talented children's writers, including Lennart Helsing, Oke Holmberg, Viola Wahlstedt, Hans Peterson and others.

For achievements in the field of children's literature in 1967, the native publishing house established the Astrid Lindgren Prize. Its first laureate was the open Astrid Oke Holmberg. The brilliant Swede lived a long life and died at the age of 95 in her Stockholm home. Lindgren was buried on March 8. The streets of Stockholm were crowded, everyone saw off the great storyteller, who gave millions of people childhood, on her last journey.

110 years since the birth of Astrid Lindgren

Astrid Lindgren is probably the most famous Swedish writer in Russia.

Her heroes settle in their heads in childhood - the red-haired girl Pippi Longstocking, the daughter of the robber Roni, the detective Kalle Blumkvist, a plump man in the prime of life, the owner of a propeller on his back and the most common surname in Sweden, Carlson, who flies to the Kid when he gets sad.

They settle down and remain until the very gray hairs - as a jewel, which we, becoming parents, pass on to our children, reading her books at night. If you have already read everything, find a rather rare autobiographical “We are all from Bullerby”, in which the writer sketches her own childhood - not very rich, but filled with impressions and adventures.

November 14, 1907 in the south of Sweden, in the city of Vimmerby, Astrid Anna Emilia Eriksson was born. Her first publication was a school essay, because of which her classmates began to tease her with Selma Lagerlöf (Swedish novelist. - "Kommersant"). After that, Astrid swore off writing fairy tales and went to work for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen.

“If I managed to brighten at least someone’s gloomy childhood, then I’m satisfied”

“Being the subject of gossip was like being in a pit full of snakes, and I decided to get out of that pit as soon as possible. It didn't happen at all the way some might think — I wasn't kicked out of the house like in the good old days. Not at all, I left on my own. No one could keep me at home"
After moving to Stockholm, Astrid completed a course in stenography, but could not find a job and gave her newborn son Lars to a foster family.

"I write for myself to amuse the child inside of me - I can only hope that other children will be amused too"
In 1928, Astrid got a secretary position at the Royal Automobile Club and three years later she married her boss, Sture Lindgren. Having married, Astrid Lindgren was able to pick up her son and gave birth to a daughter, Karin. After that, the writer broke her vow and began to compose fairy tales for home magazines.


“The worst thing is when a child does not know how to play. Such a child is like a little boring old man, from whom, over time, an adult old man grows up, deprived, however, of the main advantage of old age - wisdom.
In 1944, Astrid Lindgren took second place in the competition for the best book for girls, announced by the publishing house "Raben and Sjogren", and was able to publish the story "Britt-Marie pours out her soul"


"You will not find true peace on earth, perhaps it is just an unattainable goal"
Astrid Lindgren invented her most famous heroine, Pippi Longstocking, during the war and the illness of her daughter Karin. The writer gave the first home-made edition to her daughter for her birthday, and in 1945 Raben and Sjogren published the book Pippi Settles in Villa Chicken.


In 1954, Astrid Lindgren wrote the story "Mio, my mio", in 1955 - "The Kid and Carlson". In 1961, "Three stories about Malysh and Carlson" came out in the USSR: their lifetime circulation in Russian amounted to more than 5 million copies.

“I drink summer like wild bees drink honey. I am collecting a huge lump of summer so that it is enough for ... for the time when ... there will be another time ... Do you know what kind of lump it is? ...
- It has sunrises and blueberries, blue from berries, and freckles, like on your hands, and moonlight over the evening river, and the starry sky, and the forest in the midday heat, when the sunlight plays in the tops of the pines, and the evening rain, and everything around... and squirrels, and foxes, and elks, and all the wild horses that we know, and swimming in the river, and riding horses. Understand? The whole lump of dough from which summer is baked.

"Roni, the Robber's Daughter"

“Journalists are so stubborn. Just leave a blank space in the newspaper and write: “Something about Astrid Lindgren was supposed to come out here, but she did not want to participate in this” ”
From 1946 to 1970, Astrid Lindgren worked as an editor for children's literature at the publishing house Raben and Sjögren, which published all her books, and hosted quizzes on Swedish radio and television.

“There are so many dictators, tyrants, oppressors, tormentors in our world today… What kind of childhood did they have?”
In 1976, Astrid Lindgren published Pomperipossa of Monismania, an adult fairy tale about overly restrictive taxation, and in 1985 sent a tale about a loving cow against animal abuse to the Stockholm papers. As a result, in 1988, the animal protection law Lex Lindgren (Lindgren Law) was passed in Sweden.
Photo: Constantin-Film/ullstein bild via Getty Images


God save me from the Nobel Prize! Nellie Zaks died from getting her, I'm sure the same thing will happen to me."
In 1958, Astrid Lindgren received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal (also known as the Nobel Prize for Children's Literature), and in 1969, the Swedish State Prize for Literature.

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Annotation to the presentation

Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren, née Ericsson; November 14, 1907, Vimmerby, Sweden - January 28, 2002, Stockholm, Sweden - Swedish writer, author of a number of world-famous books for children, including "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof."

1. "Andersen of our days"
2. The beginning of the labor path
3. Pippi's birth
4. The incredible success of "Pippi"
5. Russia and Astrid Lindgren
6. Visiting Carlson
7. Prizes and awards
8. Astrid's name...
9. Biography

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slide 1

slide 2

"Andersen of our days"

That is what they call her in her native country and abroad.
Like the Danish writer, Lindgren's fairy tales are close to folk art, they have a tangible connection between fantasy and the truth of life.
And the fabulous, magical is born in Lindgren's books from the game, from the invention of the child himself.

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• Astrid Eriksson was born on November 14, 1907 on a farm near the city of Vimmerby, in a family of a farmer. The girl studied well at school, and her literature teacher liked her writings so much that he read her the glory of Selma Lagerlöf, a famous Swedish novelist.

slide 4

The beginning of the labor path

At the age of 17, Astrid took up journalism, worked in a local newspaper. She then moved to Stockholm, trained as a stenographer and worked as a secretary in various capital firms. In 1931, Astrid Ericsson married and became Astrid Lindgren.

slide 5

Pippi's birth

Astrid Lindgren jokingly recalled that one of the reasons that prompted her to write was the cold Stockholm winters, the illness of her daughter Karin, who kept asking her mother to tell her something. It was then that mother and daughter came up with a mischievous girl with red pigtails.

slide 6

The incredible success of "Pippi"

Slide 7

Then there were stories about Malysh and Carlson (1955-1968), Rasmus the Tramp (1956), a trilogy about Emil from Lenneberg (1963-1970), the books "Brothers Lionheart" (1979), "Ronya, the Robber's Daughter" (1981) etc. Her books were loved not only by children, but also by adults all over the world.

Slide 8

Lindgren dedicated almost all of her books to children (only a few to youth). “I haven’t written books for adults and I don’t think I ever will,” Astrid said emphatically. She, along with the heroes of the books, taught the children that "if you live out of habit, your whole life will be a day!"

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Russia and Astrid Lindgren

Soviet readers discovered Astrid Lindgren back in the 1950s, and her first book translated into Russian was the story "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof."

Slide 10

Visiting Carlson

Do you know where the only monument in the world to this fat man with a propeller on his back is located? Not Stockholm and not Malmö, but in Odessa. It is installed in the yard of the Dominion firm, well-known in Odessa. The owner of the company, German Naumovich Kogan, fell in love with a good friend of children from childhood and erected a monument to him.

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Every year, in September, Carlson's birthday celebration takes place near it, to which orphans from nearby orphanages are invited. On behalf of the birthday boy, they are treated to fruits, sweets and, of course, the favorite dish of the fairy-tale hero - jam from a large glass jar.

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Lindgren's heroes are distinguished by spontaneity, inquisitiveness, ingenuity, mischief combined with kindness and seriousness. Fabulous and fantastic side by side with real pictures of the life of an ordinary Swedish town.

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Prizes and awards

Among the most important are the G.H. Andersen Prize, the Lewis Carroll Prize, UNESCO awards, various government awards, the Silver Bear. Lindgren not only wrote books, but also actively fought for the rights of children. She believed that they should be brought up without corporal punishment and violence.

Slide 14

In 1958, Astrid Lindgren was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen International Gold Medal for the humanistic nature of her work.

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Astrid's name...

* One of the minor planets has been named.
* In Stockholm there will be Astrid Lindgren street.
* International traveling book exhibition.
* In 2000, the Swedes named their compatriot "Woman of the Century".

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Astrid Lindgren Museum

• Books by Astrid Lindgren in her museum.

Slide 18

• A woman who was given a monument during her lifetime

Slide 19

• Astrid Lindgren passed away on January 28, 2002 at the age of 95. She is buried in her native land, in Vimmerby

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Author of over thirty-five books

Astrid Lindgren's books are translated in all corners of the globe, and the heroes of the works speak almost forty-five languages, including Russian. She is the recipient of many Swedish national and international awards.

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Bibliography:

1944 - Britt-Marie pours out her soul
1945 - Cherstin and I
1945 - Pippi settles in the villa "Chicken"
1946 - Pippi is going to go
1946 - Kalle Blumkvist plays
1947 - We are all from Bullerby
1948 - Peppy in the country of Veselija
1949 - Again about the children from Bullerby
1949 - Tiny Nils Carlson
1950 - Lively Kaisa (or: Kaisa Zadorochka)
1950 - Katya in America
1951 - Kalle Blomkvist takes risks
1952 - Having fun in Bullerby
1952 - Katy in Italy
1953 - Calle Blumkvist and Rasmus
1954 - Mio, my Mio!
1954 - Katya in Paris
1955 - Kids Carlson, who lives on the roof
1956 - Rasmus the tramp
1957 - Rasmus, Pontus and Silly
1958 - Children from Buzoterov Street
1959 - Sunny meadow (or: Southern meadow)
1960 - Madiken
1961 - Lotta from Buzoterov Street
1962 - Carlson, who lives on the roof, flew back again
1963 - Emil from Lönneberga
1964 - We are on the island of Salcroca
1966 - New tricks by Emil from Lönneberga
1968 - Carlson, who lives on the roof, plays pranks again
1970 - Emil from Lönneberg is still alive!
1971 - My inventions *
1973 - Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hanna from Hult
1976 - Madiken and Pims from Junibacken
1979 - Pippi Longstocking arranges a Christmas tree *
1981 - Ronya, the daughter of a robber
1984 - How little Ida decided to play pranks *
1985 - Emil's leprosy No. 325 *
1986 - "Let's not waste time", said Emil from Lönneberga*
1987 - Assar Bubble *
1991 - How Lisabeth stuffed a pea into her nose *

Books marked with * were not published in Russian.

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Novels and stories

1950 Good night, Mr Tramp!
1950 My little gold (Golden girl - another translation)
1950 Who is higher!
1950 Kaisa Zadorochka (Smart Kaisa - another translation)
1950 Marit
1950 Some living things for Kalya Paralytic
1950 Pelle moves to the toilet
1950 Småland bullfighter
1950 Older sister and younger brother
1950 Under the cherry
1950 A few words about Sammelagusta
1954 Mio, my Mio! (+ Ukrainian translation)
1956 Rasmus-tramp (+ Ukrainian version of the translation)
1957 Rasmus, Pontus and Stupid
1973 Brothers Lionheart (+ another translation, + Ukrainian version of the translation)
1981 Roni, the daughter of a robber (Ronya, the daughter of a robber - another translation, + Ukrainian version of the translation) Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hanna from Hult (a story about A. Lindgren's parents)

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Fairy tales

1949 Beloved Sister
1949 In the country between Light and Darkness (In the twilight country - another translation)
1949 No robbers in the forest! (There are no robbers in the forest - another translation)
1949 Mirabel (Mirabel - another translation)
1949 Tiny Nils Carlson (+ another translation)
1949 Peter and Petra (+ another translation)
1949 Merry Cuckoo (Cuckoo-girlfriend - another translation)
1949 One night in May Elf and a handkerchief)
1949 The Princess Who Didn't Want to Play with Dolls (The Princess Who Didn't Want to Play with Dolls - another translation)
1959 Juncker Niels of Eki
1959 Does my linden ring, does my nightingale sing... (Does my linden sound, does the nightingale sing - another translation)
1959 Sunny meadow (South Meadow - another translation)
1959 Knock-knock (Knock-knock-knock - another translation)

Slide 25

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Screen adaptations

• 1968 - Kid and Carlson (dir. Boris Stepantsov)
• 1970 - Carlson returned (dir. Boris Stepantsev)
• 1971 - Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof (dir. Valentin Pluchek, Margarita Mikaelyan), film-play
• 1974 - Emil from Lenneberga (dir. Olle Hellbom)
• 1976 - The Adventures of Kalle the Detective (dir. Arunas Zhebryunas)
• 1977 - Brothers Lionheart (dir. Olle Hellbom)
• 1978 - Rasmus the Tramp (film) (dir. Maria Muat)
• 1984 - Pippi Longstocking (dir. Margarita Mikaelyan)
• 1985 - Tricks of a tomboy (dir. Varis Brasla)
• 1987 - Mio, my Mio (dir., Vladimir Grammatikov)

Slide 27

In closing, I would like to say...

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Abstract

"Sevastopol in May" (1855);

B.L. Pasternak

The novel has 4 volumes and an epilogue:

Volume 1 - 1805

Volume II - 1806-1811

Volume III - 1812

Volume IV - 1812-1813

Epilogue - 1820

families "loved" and "unloved"

Families and their family traits

	Bezukhov	Bolkonsky	Kuragins
Father and mother, Sincerity Mercy Unselfishness Passion Patriotism Generosity	Earl father Son - Pierre Other children authority anger	Andrew - Lisa reasonableness Restraint Responsibility Patriotism careerism Dignity Modesty Religiosity	Father and mother Without children perversity selfishness deceitfulness Hatred Hypocrisy posturing

The story of Denisov's wallet.

STUDYING "SEVASTOPOL STORIES"

In the essay “How Russian Soldiers Die,” L.N. Tolstoy writes: “Great are the fates of the Slavic people! No wonder he was given this calm strength of the soul, this great simplicity and unconsciousness of strength! ..».

Tired of the contradictions of life, Tolstoy, together with his brother, goes to the Caucasus, and then seeks a transfer to the Danube army, later to the Crimea, to Sevastopol. At this time, Menshikov's army left the combat area. And then Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, with 22 thousand sailors and 2 thousand guns, with the support of the population, organized defense and withstood the siege of the 120 thousandth enemy army.

L.N. Tolstoy was a direct participant in the defense and saw how Russian soldiers and sailors fought, how they died. All this is described in the cycle "Sevastopol stories":

"Sevastopol in the month of December" (1854);

"Sevastopol in May" (1855);

"Sevastopol in August" (1855).

"This epic of Sevastopol, of which the Russian people were the hero, will leave great traces in Russia for a long time."

"The hero of my story is the truth - and his goal: to prove that the true hero of the Sevastopol epic was the Russian people."

Tolstoy shows the war in blood and suffering, admires the courage of the Russian people. The 349 days of the heroic epic of Sevastopol showed that the Russian people are slow in peaceful life, confidently act in conditions of danger.

According to Tolstoy, the masses decide the fundamental questions of history, determine the fate of the state, and not commanders or emperors.

War, according to Tolstoy, is not banners, fanfare, beautiful orderly ranks and drum roll. It is a dirty business, hard work, suffering, blood, tragedy, horror.

War exposes the true essence of each person, but does not kill the best human manifestations.

True patriotism is not flashy, it is deeply internal. True heroism does not require awards. Love for the motherland is deeply hidden in the soul of a Russian person.

Tolstoy stands for the truth of the common man. He considers simplicity, goodness, and truth to be the criterion of truth.

The writer notes the unity of thoughts and feelings, covering all Russian people at the moment of danger.

The writer will confirm all these postulates in the novel "War and Peace"

The history of the creation of the novel "War and Peace"

“I want to get to the bottom of everything”

B.L. Pasternak

Tolstoy was characterized by an ambivalent attitude to life as a unity to the "history of the human soul" and to the "history of a whole people." When in the mid 50's. the surviving Decembrists began to return from Siberia, the writer saw in this both a historical event and the state of the person who survived it.

1856 - the beginning of the plan. "I began to write a story with a hero who must be a Decembrist, returning with his family to Russia." The book was called The Decembrists. The action was modern. Alexander II, having ascended the throne, declared an amnesty for the participants in the December 1825 rebellion. Those who survived to this day received permission to return. Tolstoy was attracted by the image of a man who, after 30 years, finds himself in the city of his youth, where everything has changed: both fashions and customs, but he has remained the same. He is romantic and idealistic.

1825 - Decembrist uprising. “Involuntarily, I passed from the present to 1825, the era of my hero’s delusions and misfortunes.” The December movement began after the liberation campaigns of the Russian army in Europe. Young officers saw a world without slavery, were ashamed of what was happening in Russia and felt a duty to the oppressed people. "Three Pores" - this was the next title of the novel.

1812 - war. “In order to understand him, I had to go back to his youth, and his youth coincided with the glorious era for Russia in 1812.”

1805-1807 - foreign campaigns of the Russian army. “I was ashamed to write about our triumph in the fight against France without describing our failures and our shame.” A senseless and painful war on foreign territory, the poverty of the army, the shortsightedness of military leaders.

"Three pores" turned into four: 1805 - 1812 - 1825 - 1856.

The novel has 4 volumes and an epilogue:

Volume 1 - 1805

Volume II - 1806-1811

Volume III - 1812

Volume IV - 1812-1813

Epilogue - 1820

Tolstoy's new work began to be published in the journal "Russian Messenger" in 1865 under the title "Year 1805". The book became the subject of close attention of the entire reading public and critics for the inept handling of historical facts, inconsistency with the genre canon. Turgenev called it "a strange historical novel."

The specifics of the epic novel genre

The epic novel is the largest and most monumental form of epic literature.

Features of the epic novel genre

Features of the epic in the novel "War and Peace"

It embodies the fate of the people, the historical process itself. A wide comprehensive picture of the world, including historical events, reflections on the fate of the world, personal experiences. A large volume with national problems. The formation of the characters of the main characters is subject to events of a national historical scale.

Pictures of Russian history: the Battle of Shengraben and Austerlitz, the Peace of Tilsit, the war of 1812, the fire of Moscow, the partisan movement. Longest duration - 15 years. Socio-political life: Freemasonry, Speransky's activities, organizations of the Decembrists. The relationship of landowners and peasants: the transformation of Pierre, Andrei, the rebellion of the Bogucharov peasants, Moscow artisans. Display of various segments of the population: local, Moscow, St. Petersburg nobility, officials, army, peasants. A wide panorama of noble life: balls, receptions, dinners, hunting, theater. Huge number of human characters (500) Wide coverage of space: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Otradnoe, Bald Mountains, Austria, Smolensk, Borodino.

The role of the individual and the people in history.

Napoleon was a popular historical figure in secular circles. The theme of the danger to society of the idea of ​​a strong personality standing above the people and dictating his will to millions

What should be the life path of the best representatives of the nation, who have set as their goal the service of the Fatherland.

How, during the greatest trials, the people unite and their spiritual beauty and greatness are revealed.

Plot and compositional features.

The title of the novel contains the principle of comparison - opposition - the main device of Tolstoy's novel, "tearing off all and sundry masks": the salon of Anna Pavlovna Sherer

States of war and non-war, people are shown in the fire of “war, which is a constant companion of man: it is a war with oneself, with friends and enemies, loved ones, parents and children. This is a war in society, a war for money and power, a war of vanities and ambitions, a war of states-rulers.

Everything that happens at the front affects the people of Russia. Military operations affect the entire country, all segments of the population. A person, falling into the millstones of war, changes against his will, all the best and all the worst in a person are manifested.

At critical moments in history, much depends on each individual person, it is at such a time that the unity of the nation is manifested.

The reaction of military and non-military people to the same fact is shown: the surrender of Smolensk is commented on by Andrey and Alpatych, the battle of Borodino is commented on by Pierre and Andrey. Events of historical proportions are discussed in salons, at balls, in the family circle, in letters to friends and loved ones. Historical and personal tragedies are closely connected

Both peace and war seize every person, and everyone absorbs the whole world. All heroes live simultaneously in two dimensions: everyday and existential (in the family, in love and at the same time in history, in eternity).

The system of images of the novel "War and Peace"

In 25 chapters of the first part, Tolstoy introduces readers to the characters of the novel. Among them there is not a single historical person, not a single historical event, but the author strives to show as fully as possible how it began, how what he called the "sometimes shame" of the Russian army developed. The exposition is an overture of the forthcoming defeat in a war unnecessary to the people.

The principle of antithesis is the basis of the composition and system of images of Tolstoy's work. At the figurative level, the author introduces the principle of parallelism:

French emperor - Russian emperor;

the attitude of Russian soldiers to the battle of Austerlitz is opposed to their attitude to the battle of Borodino;

Pierre's throwing in search of an ideal - Andrey's reasoning.

The heroes of the epic novel are divided into:

families "loved" and "unloved"

patriots and careerists are opposed to each other

natural behavior - artificiality

Families and their family traits

	Bezukhov	Bolkonsky	Kuragins
Father and mother, Sincerity Mercy Unselfishness Passion Patriotism Generosity	Earl father Son - Pierre Other children authority anger (in Pierre only in critical situations)	Andrew - Lisa reasonableness Restraint Responsibility Patriotism careerism Dignity Modesty Religiosity	Father and mother Without children perversity selfishness deceitfulness Hatred Hypocrisy posturing

All, except for the Rostov and Kuragin families, are incomplete: there is no mother, only fathers are at the head of the family.

Separate families in the novel are intertwined and seem to be one big family.

Families with many children, but always “the family has its black sheep”: Vera went out of her breed, Anatole, Hippolyte are “unsuccessful”.

The Kuragin family is deprived of continuation. So Tolstoy punished the "unloved" family.

Viability of families: who survives and why? Who dies and why?

The system of images created by Tolstoy is intended to

show the complexity and versatility of human life

get to know people of different classes, generations, characters, different minds, temperaments, levels of education, attitudes towards faith.

Test for knowledge of the storyline 1 and 2 volumes.

The mood, plans of Prince Andrei at the beginning of the novel.

What parting words did Prince Andrei receive from his father at the time of their parting?

The story of Denisov's wallet.

What did Nikolai Rostov experience in his first fight?

The intentions of Prince Andrei when he goes to the active army.

What does Andrei Bolkonsky ask Kutuzova for?

What happened in the Shengraben battle with Tushin's battery and why?

What has changed in Pierre's life after he received the inheritance?

How did the "matchmaking" of Pierre and Helen happen?

Why did Princess Marya refuse to marry Anatole Kuragin?

How does Kutuzov behave at the military council in front of Austerlitz and why?

Prince Andrei in the Battle of Austerlitz.