The most important verb is avoir in French. Conjugation of the verb avoir by tenses Verbs to have and to be in French

Good afternoon friends! Today I will tell you about one of the most important verbs in French - avoir. European languages, unlike Russian, have not yet gone the way of global reduction of speech. Therefore, many words that were in sentences in Russian, and now omitted, in French still occupy the place allotted for them.

For example, when you say "I'm a doctor" in modern Russian, the "is" that used to be in such phrases is omitted. And in many European languages, such linking words are still used. This is exactly what the verb avoir is. Its main meaning is "to have", but in addition it is used in the conjugation of other semantic verbs. But first things first.

From this article you will learn:

Main purpose

The direct purpose of avoir in phrases is in the meaning of the main semantic verb “to have, to eat”. Moreover, in Russian the use of this word may not be justified by the meaning of the statement: Il a 5 ans. - He is five years old, but literally - he has five years. Il a courageusement - He is brave (He has courage).
More familiar to us: J'ai une maman - I have a mother.
Did you notice that different words are highlighted in these sentences? These are the forms of the verb avoir, they depend on the conjugation:

You have noticed that in the first person singular, Je (I) is truncated to J'. This table avoir in the present tense of declarative sentences must be memorized.

double negative rule

In order to compose a phrase in which you say that something is not there, you need to use the usual French double negation according to the scheme:

subject ne predicate pas secondary members

Set expressions

Another use of the verb "to have". It can be part of set expressions:

Today I tried to tell you as completely and simply as possible about one of the most common verbs in French.

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When communicating in French, you can rarely do without this verb in comparison with others. In ten phrases, describing your room, house, you will use it at least eleven times and the same number when you go to the doctor about toothache, headache and other pains. And in general, without it, you can’t last even 5 minutes when communicating. We can safely say that without the French verb avoir one cannot go far in any topic. Let's see why he is so special, consider his most common uses.

So, the French verb avoir is translated "to have, to possess, to own." Let's start with conjugation in the present tense when used in the indicative mood.

J'ai - I have, I have

Tu as - You have, you have

Il / elle / on a - He / she / someone / we have / have

Nous avons - We have, we have

Vous avez - You have / you have

Ils / Elles ont - They have, they have

In the presence or absence of something or someone, we use it. For example:

J'ai une chatte grise. As-tu des animaux domestiques? I have a gray cat. Do you have any pets?

C'est dommage, mais je n'ai pas d'animaux domestiques. Ils me donnent de l'allergie. Sorry, but I don't have pets. I'm allergic to them.

Remember! In the complete absence of an object, an object, also animated, you need to use the particle de! For example:

Elle a deux enfants. Et moi, je n'ai pas d'enfants. She has two children. And I don't have children.

Il a une voiture. Moi, je n'ai pas de voiture. He has a car. And I don't have a car.

Also, this verb is used when we talk about age. Many people make this mistake, especially those who study, for example, English or German. These languages ​​use the verb "to be of age/years", not "to have age/years". Compare:

I am thirty years old. I am 30 years old. (verb to be)

Ich bin einundzwanzig Jahre alt. I am 21 years old. (verb sein)

J'ai vingt-quatre ans. I am 24 years old. (verb avoir)

We must not forget about the long-established expressions that are used with the verb avoir. A few examples:

to be hungry, to be hungry: avoir faim. J'ai toujours faim après mon travail. I always want to eat after work.

to be thirsty, thirsty: avoir soif. Mon chien a soif toutes les cinq minutes. My dog ​​wants to drink every five minutes.

to carry, to have good luck, a chance: avoir de la chance. Mes amies ont de la chance. Elles partent en vacance en Italie dans trois jours. My friends are lucky. They go to Italy for holidays in 3 days.

freeze, freeze: avoir froid. Quoi? Vous avez froid même en été? What? Are you cold even in summer?

The French verb avoir behaves not only as an independent one, its role also remains one of the auxiliary in the formation of various tenses, for example, the past, passé composé: J'ai sotri du garage la voiture de ma femme à nouveau. Elle ne le sais jamais faire. I drove my wife's car out of the garage again. She never knows how to do it. Plus-que-parfait is also formed with it, for example: Toutes les fois que je le rencontrais, il me racontait une histoire qu'il m'avait déjà racontée trente fois. Every time I met him, he told me a story that he had already told for the thirtieth time.

You can also note the use of the verb avoir in the invariable construction "there is, there is - Il y a": Bon, alors. Va tout droit, puis prends la première rue à ta gauche, là au coin il y a une pharmacie. So, go straight ahead, then go down the first street on your left, there's a pharmacy on the corner.

Don't ignore this indispensable verb and no problem! Il n'y a pas de problemes.

Verb être (to be)

In French, as in all other European languages, you can't just say:

I'm beautiful, he's weird, they're at home, you're at work.

Get used to what any foreigner will say:

I am beautiful, she is strange, they are at home, you are at work.

The so-called verb be is one of the most important verbs in any foreign language.

The British - to be. The Germans have sein.
The Italians have essere. Frenchêtre - to be.

Conjugation of the verb être (to be).

French has the following pronouns:

Negative form of the verb être (to be).

ne + verb + pas

Interrogative form of the verb être (to be).

How the question is asked depends on the situation and on whom you are addressing.

The best interrogative turn is the turn with est-ce que.

Set expressions with the verb être (to be).

With the verb être in French there are a lot of set expressions that will greatly decorate and enrich your speech at the start of learning French:

• être mal (malade) - to be sick
• être bien - to be healthy
• être libre - to be free
• être pris(e) - to be busy
• être prêt(e) - to be ready
• être content(e) - be satisfied
• être marié(e) - to be married (married)
• être en retard - to be late
• être à l'heure - arrive on time
• être à la maison - to be at home
• être fatigué(e) - to be tired
• être désolé(e) - to regret
• être sûr(e) - to be sure
• être heureux (heureuse) - to be happy

Coordination

What should you pay attention to. In Russian we say:

I'm healthy I'm healthy Ah, they are healthy
I'm busy I'm busy Ah, they're busy

In the language of grammar, this is called "agreeing the adjective in gender and number." If it’s easier, then you need to put the correct endings.

It turns out that:

A man will always say without ending ,
those. as it is written in fixed expressions
Woman - ending-e
They, we - with the end-s

• I am satisfied. – Je suis content(-) .
• I am pleased . – Je suis contente.
• They are happy. – Ils sont content s .

Exercise 1. Translate from French into Russian.

1. Je suis libre aujourd'hui.
2. Il est sûre qu'elle est mal.
3. Nous sommes desolés qu'il est en retard.
4. Es-tu prize ce soir? - Oui, mais mon ami n'est pas pris.
5. Ma sœur est mariee.
6. Mon frere est marie aussi.
7. Êtes-vous fatigues? - Non, pas du tout.
8. Je suis heureuse que nous sommes à la maison maintenant.
9. Et mon frere est heureux aussi.
10. Ils sont contents que nous sommes prêtes.
11. Elle est toujours à l'heure.
12. Est-t-il bien? - Oui, il est très bien.
13. Où est ton ami? - Il est à la maison maintenant parce qu'il est fatigué aujourd'hui.

Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into French.

1. I am at home now.
2. Where is your brother? He is at home now because he is not feeling well.
3. I'm sorry she's late.
4. Are you free tonight? - Yes.
5. They always come on time.
6. Are you married? - Yes. Are you married? - No.
7. They make sure we're ready.
8. Now you are healthy.
9. We're sorry, but we're busy today.
10. We are happy that you are here today.
11. I'm sure he feels good.
12. They are happy because they are free.
13. I am always free, satisfied and happy.

Exercise 3 Write the correct form of the verb ETRE.

1.Vous _______ monsieur Martin?

2. Elle _____ belle, ma soeur Lucie.

3.Je____ Francais.

4.Nous _____ tourists russes.

5. Irene et Pauline ___ pianistes.

6. Tu ___ programmer, comme ton pere?

7. Ma famille ____ grande, nous ______ six.

Exercise 4 Complete the sentences with pronouns: je, tu, il/elle, nous, vous, ils.

1. __ sommes tous fermiers.

2. __ es professeur de musique?

3. __ suis a Marseille.

4. __ sont à la maison.

5. __etes acteurs.

The verb avoir (to have).

In Russian we say:

I (have) a brother, he (has) a new girlfriend, they (have) a house in the village.

Despite the fact that in Russian we say the word "is", do not build such sentences with the verb "to be" from the 1st lesson (I am beautiful, he is smart).

This is a common mistake. The fact is that we are still trying to translate all phrases verbatim.

The French, as well as all Europeans, will say:

I have a job, he has new girlfriend, they have House in the village.

All such sentences are always built with the verb avoir (to have).

Conjugation of the verb avoir (to have).

verb - this is one of the most important verbs in French, so its conjugation and pronunciation must be learned at the very beginning by heart!

Negative form of the verb avoir (to have).

Before the verb ne, after the verb pas:

ne + verb + pas

Explanation of where it comes from de - in the audio part.

Interrogative form of the verb avoir (to have).

Set expressions with the verb avoir (to have).

With the verb avoir (to have) in French there are a number of set expressions that are very useful for colloquial speech:

• avoir de la chance - to be lucky
• avoir du courage - to have courage
• avoir de la patience - to be patient
• avoir du succès - to be successful, to be successful
• avoir peur de - to be afraid
• avoir froid - feel cold
• avoir chaud - to experience a feeling of heat (in the sense of air temperature)
• avoir besoin de - to need something
• avoir raison - to be right
• avoir faim - want to eat, be hungry
• avoir soif - thirsty, thirsty
• avoir sommeil - to want to sleep
• avoir lieu - to take place, to occur (about an event)
• avoir la grippe - to have the flu
• avoir ... ans - to be aged ... years

Exercise 1. Translate from French into Russian.

1. Cathy a raison: ils ont les repetitions tous les jours et ils sont fatigués.
2. Mon frere a peur de notre voisine.
3. J'ai froid, et toi? - Moi, j'ai chaud.
4. Notre mere a de la patience.
5. Vous avez fim? - Non, nous n'avons pas faim, nous avons soif.
6. Elle a le petit magasin et elle a de la chance.
7. Elles sont tres populaires et elles ont du succes.
8. Je n'ai pas besoin de la voiture.
9. Oui, vous avez raison: il a sommeil.
10. Quel age a ton pere? – Il a soixante ans.
11. Où est Hélène? - Elle est à la maison parce qu'elle a la grippe.
12. Les compétitions sportives ont lieu aujourd'hui.

1. Helen doesn't need a car.
2. Pierre has a small shop, but he is unlucky.
3. Are you hungry? No thanks, I'm not hungry. But my friend is thirsty.
4. Paul is very popular and has a great success.
5. They are right: we are afraid of our neighbor.
6. She wants to sleep because she is tired.
7. Edith has the flu, so she's at home.
8. There is a celebration near our house.
9. I feel hot! - Yes? And they are cold!
10. We are not afraid of your dog!
11. They are impatient, so they have problems.
12. She doesn't want to sleep, she wants to eat.
13. We don't need your explanations!
14. Do they want to sleep? Yes, they want to sleep because they are very tired.
15. Do you need a car? - Yes.

Check your answers

1. Hélène n'a pas besoin de la voiture.
2. Pierre a le petit magasin mais il n'a pas de la chance.
3. Vous avez fim? - Non, merci, je n'ai pas faim, mais mon amie a soif.
4. Paul est tres populaire et il a du succes.
5. Ils ont raison: nous avons peur de notre voisin.
6. Elle a sommeil parce qu'elle est fatiguee.
7. Edith a la grippe c "est pour ça elle est a la maison.
8. Il y a une fête près de notre maison.
9. J'ai chaud. - Ah, bon? Et ils ont froid.
10. Nous n'avons pas peur de votre chien.
11. Ils (elles) n'ont pas de la patience c'est pour ça ils ont des problèmes.
12. Elle n'a pas de sommeil, elle a faim.
13. Nous n'avons pas besoin de vos explications!
14. Ils ont sommeil? - Oui, ils ont sommeil parce qu'ils sont très fatigues.
15. Tu as besoin de la voiture? – Oui.

Exercises for the verbs avoir and être

Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with the verbs "être" or "avoir" in the present tense. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Camille ... 18 ans ; elle ... jeune.

2. Nous ... au sommet du Mont Blanc. La vue ... magnifique, mais nous ... tres froid. 3. Lucien ... de la fièvre. Il...malade.

4. Vous ... soif? Vous voulez un jus de fruits?

5. Les enfants crient et s "agitent. Ils ... fatigués, ils ... sommeil.

Exercise 8. Insert the verb "avoir" in place of the gaps. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Paul … vingt ans.

2. Nous … une maison de campagne.

3. Les enfants… sommeil.

4. Vous ... envie d "un café?

6. Ils ... trois enfants.

7. On … soif!

8. Tu…faim?

Exercise 9. Insert the verb "avoir" in place of the gaps. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Je… unfils. Il s "appelle Thibaud. Il ... huit ans. Il ... un très bon copain qui s" appelle Antoine. Ils … tous les deux les yeux verts et les cheveux roux. La mère d "Antoine et moi, nous ... aussi les cheveux roux. On ... à peu près le même âge: elle ... trente et un ans, moi ... trente-deux ans. Nous ... les mêmes goûts, nous ... les mêmes disques et les mêmes livres Nos enfants … aussi les mêmes livres, les mêmes jouets et ils … les mêmes copains.

Exercise 10. Make sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Ex. Roland Duval - acteur - acteur celebre. → Roland Duval est acteur, c "est un acteur celebre.

l. Monsieur Vigne - professeur - excellent professeur.

2. Klaus - étudiant - étudiant allemand.

3. Elton John - chanteur - chanteur tres connu.

4. Madame Durand - infirmière - infirmière très aimée de ses malades.

5. Patrick - menuisier - menuisier tres habile.

Exercise 11. Make sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Ex. Chagall a peint le plafond de l "Opéra (c" est ... qui) → C "est Chagall qui s peint le plafond de l" Opéra.

1. Le coureur n°25 est arrivé le premier de la course. (c "est ... qui)

2. Je n "aime pas la veste noire. Je prefere la veste rouge. (c "est ... que)

3. Dans ce texte, je ne comprends pas cemot. (c "est ... que)

4. Alain reservera la table au restaurant. (c "est ... qui)

5. On plante les tulipes en automne. (c "est ... que)

6. Victor Hugo a habité dans cette maison pendant dix ans. (c "est ... que)

Conjugation of the verb faire (to do)

faire verb (to do) in French does not play a very important grammatical role, but there are a number of set expressions with it, so it is better to learn its conjugation once and for all.

Negative form of the verb faire (to do).

Before the verb ne, after the verb pas:

ne + verb + pas

Interrogative form of the verb faire (to do).

Set expressions with the verb faire (to do).

• faire de la bicyclette - to ride a bicycle
• faire du blé - to grow wheat (bread)
• faire du commerce - to trade, to do business
• faire de la musique - making music
• faire du pianoo - to play the piano
• faire de la politique - to engage in politics
• faire du ski - skiing
• faire du tennis - to play tennis
• faire du sport - to play sports
• faire la connaissance avec - to get to know someone
• faire attention à - pay attention to someone or something
• faire plaisir à - to please someone
• faire peurà - to frighten someone
• faire obstacle à - to prevent something (someone)
• faire du progrès - to make progress
• faire un voyage - to travel
• faire ses études à - to study at an educational institution

Weather expressions:

• Il fait beau - Good weather
• Il fait mauvais - Bad weather
• Il fait du vent - Windy, the wind is blowing
• Il fait du soleil - Sunny, the sun is shining
• Il fait du brouillard - Foggy, misty

Exercise 1. Read and translate from French into Russian.

1. Qu'est-ce que tu fais? - Je fais la gymnastique.
2. Il est très sportif et il fait de la bicyclette.
3. Elle fait de la musique et moi, je fais du piano.
4. nous faisons de la politique.
5. Monsieur Delon toujours fait peur à mon frère.
6. Mes amis font du sport: ils font du ski, ils font du tennis et ils font de la bicyclette.
7. Ma sœur est tres sympatique: tous les jours elle fait la connaissance avec quelqu'un.
8. Helene, fais attention, tu peux tomber!
9. Etienne fait ses études à l'Université de Paris et il fait du progrès.
10. Vous faites un voyage tous les mois.
11. Il fait beau aujourd'hui! – Oui, il fait du soleil!
12. Merci pour les pommes, Madame Béart! Vous toujours faites plaisir a nous!
13. Oh, il fait mauvais aujourd'hui! Il fait du vent et il fait du brouillard.
14. Nos voisins sont les personnes tres désagréable! Surtout Monsieur Bardot. Il fait toujours obstacle à nous quand nous rentrons tard.
15. Nous ne faisons pas du ski, mais nous faisons de la bicyclette.
16. Ma tante fait du commerce.
17. Est-ce que ton frère fait du voyage toutes les semaines? - Oui, il fait du voyage toutes les semaines, parce qu'il fait du commerce.
18. Où est-ce que Marie fait ses études? - Elle fait ses études à la faculté du droit. – Ah, oui? C'est bon! Elle fait du progres? – Oui, bien syr!
19. Pourquoi tu ne fais pas la connaissance avec quenlqu'un? Oh, je ne sais pas.

Check your answers:

1. What are you doing? I have been doing gymnastics.
2. He is very athletic and he rides a bike.
3. She plays music and I play the piano.
4. We are in politics.
5. Monsieur Delon always frightens my brother.
6. My friends go in for sports: they ski, play tennis and ride a bike.
7. My sister is very pretty: every day she meets someone.
8. Helen, be careful, you might fall!
9. Etienne is studying at the University of Paris and he is making progress.
10. You travel every month.
11. It's a good weather today. Yes, it's sunny today!
12. Thanks for the apples, Madame Bert. You always give us pleasure.
13. Oh, the weather is bad today. Windy and foggy.
14. Our neighbors are very unpleasant people. Especially Mr. Bardot. He always hinders us when we get home late.
15. We don't ski, but we do bike.
16. My aunt is in business.
17. Does your brother travel every week? Yes, because he is in business.
18. Where is Maria studying? She studies at the Faculty of Law. Is it true? Wonderful. Is she making progress? Certainly.
19. Why don't you meet anyone? I don't know.

Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into French.

1. What is Madame Poole doing? - She plays piano.
2. I don't ski, I don't play tennis, I don't go in for sports.
3. What is your brother doing? - He meets a girl.
4. Where is Katy? - She's riding a bike.
5. The weather is good today: the sun is shining and there is no fog.
6. Our uncle always gives us pleasure.
7. Do you travel every week? Yes, because we are in business.
8. Are you a university student? - Yes, I am a student at the university.
   And are you making progress? No, I'm not making progress.
9. Today the weather is bad: the wind is blowing, and it is foggy.
10. It is not true! I don't scare your child!
11. Is Paul into music? No, he doesn't play music, he plays sports.
12. Our grandfather is very serious: he is involved in politics.
13. Where is your uncle? He is involved in politics and commerce, so now he is traveling.

Check your answers:

1. Qu'est-ce que Madam Poule fait? Elle fait du piano.
2. Je ne fais pas du ski, pas du tennis et pas du sport.
3. Qu'est-ce que ton frere fait? Il fait la connaissance avec une fille.
4. Où est Cathy? Elle fait de la bicyclette.
5. Il fait beau aujourd'hui: Il fait du soleil et Il ne fait pas du brouillard.
6. Notre oncle toujours fait plaisir a nous.
7. Est-ce que vous faites un voyage toutes semaines. Oui, on fait un voyage toutes les emaines, parce que nous faisons du commerce.
8. Est-ce que tu fais tes études à l "Université? Oui, je fais mes études à l" Université.
   Et est-ce que tu fais du progres? Non, je ne fais pas du progres.
9. Il fait mauvais aujourd'hui: Il fait du vent et Il fait du brouillard.
10. Ce n "est pas vrai. Je ne fais pas peur à Votre enfant.
11. Est-ce que Paul fait de la musique? Non. Il ne fait pas de la musique. Il fait du sport.
12. Notre grand-pere est tres sérieux. Il fait de la politique.
13. Où est votre oncle? - Il fait de la politique et du commerce, c "est pour ça il fait un voyage maintenant.

Conjugation of verbs of the 1st group

All verbs of the first group in French have the ending-er
letter r never pronounced at the end

All you need to do to put the verb in the right form is to remove the ending-er

For example:

Turnaround "need" - a useful phrase in French, often found, sounds likeil faut. His denial of "not necessary" -il ne faut pas.

Must speak. – Il faut parler.
Need to do it. – Il faut faire ça.
You don't have to do it. - Il ne faut pas faire ça.

I speak French. - Je parle francais.
Do you speak French? – Est-ce que tu parles francais?
No, I don't speak French. - Non, je ne parle pas francais.

I believe that... – Je trouve que...
I think French is a difficult language. - Je trouve que le Français est difficile.
No, I don't think French is a difficult language. - Et moi je ne trouve pas que le Français est difficile.
I find that French is not a difficult language. - Je trouve que le Français n "est pas difficile.

Verbs that start with a letterhand with a vowel, they conjugate in the same way. The only thing you need to pay attention to is the spelling and pronunciation for the pronoun I - the spelling merges, because 2 vowels or a vowel and a letterhaccording to the rules they can't stand together.

I love you. - Je t "aime.
I do not love you. - Je ne t "aime pas.
Who do you love? – Qui tu aimes? Qui est-ce que tu aimes?
Why don't you help me? - Pourquoi tu ne m "aides pas?
Who are you helping? – À qui tu aides?
Where do you live? – Où tu habites?
Who do you live with? – Avec qui tu habites?

Practice putting the right endings for verbs and double-check yourself on the siteles-verbes.com :

Travailler - work
Regard - watch
Demander - to ask, to ask
Acheter - to buy
Chercher - search

Excuse me, can I help you? – Est-ce que je peux vous aider?

The verb to be ablepouvoir- the verb of the next lesson, but you can train on it now :)

Group 3 verb prendre (to take)

Another popular colloquial verbprendre- take.

This is a verb of the 3rd group, but so that you can already use its set expressions, we give it in this lesson:

I take an apple. - Je prends une pomme.
I take a skirt for my sister. - Je prends une jupe pour ma sœur.

The first place where you need to know this verb is transport. We say “I’m going by bus”, “I’m flying by plane”, and the French have to use the verb for absolutely all types of transporttake: I taketrain,I takemetro,I takeaircraft, etc.

prendre l "avion - fly (by plane)
prendre l "autobus (le tram, le métro) - take the bus, (tram, metro)
prendre le train - to take a train, to go by rail

I'm flying by plane tomorrow. - Je prends l'avion demain.
He doesn't fly by plane. He travels by train. - Il ne prend pas l "avion. Il prend le train.
What are you driving tomorrow (what are you taking)? - Qu "est ce que tu prends?

Group 3 verb comprendre (understand)

Knowledge of the verbprendre- taking will help you communicate on the topic of transport without any problems, but the following verb will help you understand everything without any problems -comprendre.

All you need to do is just add a prefixcom-. The rest you already know:

You understand everything? – Est-ce que tu comprends tout?
I do not understand anything. - Je ne comprends rien.
Good luck! - Bonne Chance!

1. What are you looking for?
2. Where she lives?
3. She works with her mother.
4. They have dinner at a restaurant with colleagues.
5. Tonight I watch TV at home.
6. What are you doing tomorrow morning?
7. You live in a big house.
8. I really love my job, it's interesting.
9. Do you speak french? No, I don't speak French. I'm studying French.
10. Why are you learning French if you live in Russia?
11. He invites me to go to work with him.
12. I believe (find) that you work very hard.
13. Are you busy today? - Not at all. I only work in the morning. In the morning I have breakfast, and then the whole day is free. When do you have lunch? - I don't have lunch. I only have dinner.
14. Why are you learning French? Because I work and live in France.
15. I start working at 9 o'clock.
16. I don't think it's difficult. I think it's boring.
17. I walk straight ahead. Then I turn left.
18. They ask where the Louvre is.
19. What do you think about it?
20. From time to time we ride the subway (we take the subway).
21. We have breakfast at home.
22. We have lunch at work.
23. We have dinner in a restaurant.

Check your answers:

1. Qu'est-ce que tu cherches?
2. Où est-ce qu'elle habite?
3. Elle travaille avec maman.
4. Ils dînent au restaurant avec leurs collegues.
5. Ce soir je regarde la télé à la maison.
6. Qu'est-ce que vous faites demain matin.
7. Tu habites dans une grande maison.
8. J'aime bien mon travail, il est tres interessant.
9. Est-ce que vous parlez Français? Non, je ne parle pas Français, j'apprends le Français.
10. Pourqoui est-ce que tu apprends le Français quand tu habite en Russie?
11. Il me propose d'aller au travail avec lui.
12. Je trouve que tu travailles trop.
13. Est-ce que tu es pris aujourd'hui? - Pas du tout. Je travaille seulement le matin. Je prends le petit déjeuner et après je suis libre toute la journée. Et quand est-ce que tu dejeunes? - Je ne dejeune pas. Je dîne, c'est tout.
14. Pourqoui est-ce que tu apprends le Français? Parce que je travaille et j'habite en France.
15. Je commence à travailler à neuf heures.
16. Je ne crois pas que c'est difficile. Je crois que c'est ennuieux.
17. Je vais a pied tout droit. Ensuite je tourne à gauche.
18. Ils demandent où se trouve le Louvre?
19. Qu'est-ce que tu en penses?
20. De temps en temps on prend le metro.
21. On a le petit déjeuner à la maison.
22. On dejeune au travail.
23. On done au restaurant.

Verbs 2 and 3 groups.

Modal verbs I can, I want, I know that I must ... Verbs of motion.

These are the questions that came up after Lesson 4.

apprendre - to teach
J "apprends le français. - I'm learning French.
Quelle langue tu apprends? - Which language do you learn?

Most verbs of the 2nd group have the ending-ir
At the same time, the letterr is clearly pronounced

For conjugation, you need to remove the ending-rand add the necessary endings depending on the pronoun.

Quand est-ce que vous finissez le travail? – When do you finish work?
Quand est-ce que vous finissez travailler? – When do you finish working?

It is better to learn verbs of motion at once and in one group:

Où est-ce que vous allez? - Where are you going?

The phrase "How are you" is built precisely with the verballer.

Comment ça va? – How are you (how is it going)?
Comment you tu? - How are you doing (how are you going)?
Je vais tres bien. - I'm doing well (I'm walking very well).
Comment allez vous? - How are you doing (How are you going)?
Je n "y vais pas. - I'm not going there.
Je reste à la maison. - I'm staying home.
When will you come? – Quand est-ce que tu viens?
I'll be back. - Je reviens.
When will you be back? – Quand est-ce que tu reviens?
Who will you return with? – Avec qui est-ce que vous revenez?
He will not return. – Il ne revient pas.

Group 3 verbs have the ending-oiror-endre

Consider the main verbs:pouvoir(Can),vouloir(Want),devoir(must).

Pouvoir - Can

I can help you. - Je peux t'aider.
I can help you? —Est-ce que je peux t'aider?

Vouloir - want

What would you like? -Qu'est-ce que vous voulez?
I want you. - Je te veux.
I want to sleep with someone. - Je veux coucher avec quelqu'un.
I want to study at university. - Je veux faire mesétudes à l'université.

Polite phrase "I would like to"– Je voudrais...

I want coffee. - Je voudrais un café.

To better understand the difference between the phrase Je veux and Je voudrais, remember the following:

If you are talking about a strong life desire, about a goal,
then you use turnoverJe veux- I want.

If you are talking about everyday wishes (I want to drink, I want to sleep, I want to ask, I want to rest), then you use turnoverJe voudrais
or set expressions with the verb avoir.

Devoir - Must, must be

As in Russian, in French the order of verbs in such sentences is as follows:

Modal verb + regular verb

I have to go. - Je dois partir.
I have to learn French. - Je dois apprendre le français.
We have to finish this. – Nous devons (on doit) finir ça.
We must finish. – Il faut finir.

In French, as in German, Spanish and Czech, there are 2 verbs to know!

If you don’t know something, then it’s better to learn the phrase right away:

Je ne sais pas. - I don't know.

Savoir - To know, to be able

I know that I don't know anything. - Je sais que je ne sais rien.
I can drive a car. - Je sais conduire la voiture.
I can read French. - Je sais lire en francais.
Can you draw. – Tu sais dessiner.

Connaître - To know someone, to be familiar with someone

If you know someone, for example, I know Uncle Petya and Aunt Marusya (you know them), then you will use the verbconnaitre.

But if you know where they live, what they eat for breakfast and where they take out the garbage, then you will use the verbSavoir!

Exercise 1. Translate from Russian into French.

1. You are leaving? Yes, we are going on vacation.
2. Who are you going on vacation with? - I'm going with a friend.
3. When are you leaving? We leave on Friday morning.
4. When are you coming back? We return in a week, next Friday.
5. We are on the train.
6. Are you coming with us?
7. We go to a restaurant every Saturday.
8. At what time will you come?
9. She will come tomorrow evening.
10. What are you driving? - We are flying.
11. We are going to the cinema. Are you coming with us?
12. Are you going on vacation this year? No, we are not going on vacation this year. We stay at home.
13. When will you come to me?
14. Why do they come to visit us so often/rarely?
15. What do you suggest?
16. What are you talking about!
17. Where should I sit? Where to put the laptop?
18. Wait, I'm busy. I'm writing a letter.
19. I assure you that you are very beautiful.

Check your answers:

1. Est-ce que vous partez? Qui, nous partons en voyage, en vacances.
2. Avec qui est-ce vous partez en vacances? Je pars avec un ami.
3. Quand est-ce que vous partez? Nous partons vendredi matin.
4. Quand est-ce que vous revenez? – On revient dans une semaine, vendredi prochain.
5. nous prenons le train.
6. Est-ce que tu vas avec nous?
7. On va au restaurant tous les samedis.
8. A quelle heure est-ce que tu viens?
9. Elle vient demain soir.
10. Qu'est-ce que vous prenez? - On prend l'avion.
11. nous allons au cinema. Tu vas avec nous?
12. Est-ce que vous partez en vacances cette annee? - Non, nous ne partons pas en vacances sette année. Nous restons à la maison.
13. Quand est-ce que tu viens chez moi?
14. Pourquoi est-ce qu’ lls vont si souvent/rarement chez nous?
15. Qu'est-ce que tu proposes?
16. Qu'est-ce que tu dis?
17. Où est-ce que je peux prendre ma place? Où est-ce que je peux mettre mon notebook?
18. Attends, je suis pris. J'écris une lettre.
19. Je te dis que tu es tres belle.

Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into French.

1. Can you tell me when we go on vacation?
2. Why don't you want to help me?
3. Can you repeat it one more time slowly?
4. You have to tell me this.
5. How should I know?
6. First you go straight and then you have to turn left.
7. You can ask me if you want.
8. They should arrive tomorrow.
9. What should I do?
10. Why can't I have lunch in peace?
11. She wants to live in a big house.
12. Do you think she wants to work here?
13. Mom, can I go to a friend?
14. Would you like to get coffee? - Yes, willingly.
15. Sorry we don't have coffee. We can only offer tea.
16. We are going on vacation in 2 weeks. You must buy tickets.
17. Would you like something to drink?
18. You must mail this letter by tomorrow.
19. We want to leave very early because we are always late.
20. You are sick. You must go to the doctor.
21. Where can I leave my things?
22. What do you want to do today?
23. Do you want to see our house?
24. I want to lose weight. I have to lose 5 kilos by the summer.
25. I cannot work because I am sick.
26. They cannot come because they are very busy.
27. Can you tell me about my responsibilities?

Check your answers:

1. Est-ce que tu peux me dire, quand est-ce que nous partons en vacances?
2. Pourquoi tu ne veux pas m'aider?
3. Tu peux repéter ça lentement encore une fois?
4. Tu dois me dire ça.
5. Comment je peux savoir?
6. D "abord, tu prends tout droit, ensuite tu dois tourner à gauche.
7. Tu peux me demander, si tu veux.
8. Ils doivent venir demain.
9. Qu'st-ce que je dois faire?
10. Pourquoi je ne peux pas déjeuner tranquillement?
11. Elle veut vivre dans une grande maison.
12. Qu'est-ce que tu penses, est-ce qu'elle veut travailler ici?
13. Maman, est-ce que je peux aller chez mon ami?
14. Voudriez-vous prendre un café? – Oui, volunteers.
15. Désolés, on n'a pas de café, on peut vous offrir seulement du thé.
16. Dans quinze jours nous partons en vacances. Tu dois acheter les tickets.
17. Voudriez-vous boire quelque chose?
18. Tu dois envoyer cette lettre avant demain.
19. Nous voulons partir tres tôt, parce que nous sommes toujours en retard.
20. Tu es malade. Tu dois aller chez le medecin.
21. Où est-ce je peux laisser mes affaires?
22. Qu'st-ce que vous voulez faire aujourd "hui?
23. Voudriez-vous voir notre maison?
24. Je veux maigrir. Je dois perdre 5 kilos avant l'été.
25. Je ne peux pas travailler parce que je suis malade.
26. Ils ne peuvent pas venir parce qu'ils sont tres prises.
27. Pourriez vous me raconter sur mes devoirs?

Past tense.

The past tense in French is formed in several ways.

Auxiliary verb avoir + past tense verb

Verbs of the 1st group

Verbsfirst groupform the past form very simply:
ending-erreplace with-é

I speak. - Je parle.
I spoke to him yesterday. - J "ai parlé avec lui hier.
He believes that Paris is the city of lovers. - Il trouve que Paris est une ville pour les amoureux.
He always believed that Paris is the city of lovers. – Il a trouvé que Paris est une ville pour les amoureux.
They have been living in Paris for 10 years. – Ils habitent à Paris depuis dix ans.
Prior to that, they lived in Moscow. – Avant ils ont habité and Moscow.
She loves You! - Elle t'aime!
She has always loved you. – Elle a toujours t'aimé .
We help our parents. – Nous aidons/on aid à nos parents.
We have helped our parents throughout our lives. – Nous avons aidé /on a aidé A nos parents toute la vie.

Practice putting the following verbs in the past tense:

Travailler - Work
Regard - Watch
Demander - Ask, ask
Acheter - Buy
Déjeuner - Dine
Gagner - Make money, win

Je gagne beaucoup d "argent. - I make a lot of money (I make good money).
J’ai gagné beaucoup d "argent. - I made good money.
L'équipe de la France a gagné aujourd "hui. - The French team won today.

Verbs of the 2nd group

Past tense for verbs2nd groupis made even simpler:

just remove the ending-r

For example, the verbfinir- finish:

I finish work at 20.00. - Je finis travailler à huit heures du soir.

I finished late today. - J "ai fini plus tard aujourd" hui.

In French, there are often some exceptions, so it's best if you just learn the past tense form for the most common colloquial verbs:

• Take -prendre-pris- took

We traveled by train. - Nous avons pris le train.

• speak, say -dire - dit- said

He always says he's right. - Il toujours dit qu'il a raison.

And yesterday he told me that he was wrong. - Hier il m "a dit qu'il n" a pas raison.

• Put -mettre-mis- put

• Promise - promettre-promispromised, promised

I promise that I will do everything. - Je promises que je fais tout.

But you promised! Mais tu as promis!

• Write -écrire - écrit– wrote. Describe -decrire - decrit- described

What are you writing? - Qu "est-ce que tu écris?

Have you already emailed? - Est-ce qu "elle a déja écrit un couriel?

Verbs of the 3rd group

Past tense for verbs3rd groupeasier to learn once and for all

vouloir – voulu

I wanted to sleep. - J "ai voulu dormir.

pouvoir-pu

Could you find a hotel closer to the center and not near the train station? – Est-ce que tu as pu trouver un hôtel pas près de la gare, mais près du centre?

devoir-dû

They are late. – Ils sont en retard.
What time was the train supposed to arrive? – À quelle heure est-ce le train a du arriver?
What time were they supposed to be here? – À quelle heure ils ont du être là?

savoir-su

I did not know. - Je n'ai pas su.

connaitre - connu

I knew Monsieur Delon very well. - J'ai connu Monsieur Delon tres bien.
I did not know Monsieur Delon. - Je n'ai pas connu Monsieur Delon.

To be sure to remember:

Être– to be: I was – j"aiete
Avoir– to have: I had –j'ai eu
faire– do: I did –j "ai fait

Auxiliary verb être + past tense verb

Verbêtre(to be) in the past tense is used for all verbs of motion.

aller - go - alle (e)
I'm going to the university. - Je vais à l'université.
I went to university. - Je suis allé à l'université.

All verbs that require an auxiliary verb in the past tenseêtre(to be) must agree in gender and number: he left, she leftAthey leftAND.

Il est allé au cinema. - He went to the cinema.
Ils sont allesa Venise. They went to Venice.

If you are talking about one man - the ending of the verb-é .
If about several (m, m + f) - the ending of the verb-es.

Elle est alleeau cinema. - She went to the cinema.
Florence and Barbara sont alleesau cinema. Florenc and Barbara went to the cinema.

If it is about a woman - the ending of the verb-ee.
If about women, then the ending of the verb-es.

Venir - être venu (e)

If you are talking about one man - venu, if you are talking about several (m, m + f) - venus.
If about a woman - the ending of the verb-e: Venue.
If about women - the ending of the verb-es: Venues.

• Partir - être parti (e)
  I left... - Je suis parti...
• Arriver - être arrivé (e) - arrive, arrive
  I have arrived... – Je suis arrivé...
• Enterer - enter
  I entered... – Je suis entré...
• Sortir - get out
  I went out... – Je suis sorti...
• Monter - to rise
  I got up ... - Je suis monte ...
• Passer - to pass
  I passed (past something) ... - J "ai passé ...
• Rester - stay
  I stayed ... - Je suis reste ...

Naître - né (e) - to be born

When were you born? I was born on November 5th. – Quans est-ce que vous êtes né? Je suis nee le 5 novembre.

Mourir - mort (e) - to die

Steve Jobs died in 2011. – Steve Jobs est mort en deux milles onze.

Turnover "just now" (came, bought ...)

If you want to say that you just did something (I just finished, I just undressed), then in this case you need to use the following construction:

pronoun + verb venir + de + verb infinitive

I just finished reading the book (I finished reading the book). - Je viens de lire ce livre.
I have read this book. - J "ai lu ce livre.

Exercise 1. Translate from Russian into French. The verb avoir + verbs of the first group.

1. What did you say to him?
2. Why didn't you work yesterday?
3. I had a good breakfast.
4. We visited Spain.
5. I've been looking for my keys all day.
6. They bought a house.
7. She worked every weekend.
8. We are going to a restaurant today. I have reserved a table.
9. Why didn't you do anything yesterday?
10. What did you eat in the morning?
11. What have you decided?
12. We visited the Louvre yesterday.
13. I spent the whole evening with the kids last night.
14. They were watching TV.
15. I worked all day. I'm tired and I want to rest.

Check your answers:

1. Qu'est-ce que tu lui as dit?
2. Pourqoui tu n'as pas travaillé hier?
3. J'ai bien eu le petit déjeuner.
4. Nous avons visité l'Espagne.
5. J'ai cherché mes clés pendant toute la journée.
6. Ils ont achete une maison.
7. Elle a travaillé tous les week-ends.
8. On va au restaurant aujourd'hui. J'ai reserve la table.
9. Pourqoui tu n'as fait rien hier?
10. Qu'est-ce que tu as mange ce matin?
11. Qu'est-ce tu as decide?
12. On a visité le Louvre hier.
13. Je suis resté avec les enfants hier soir.
14. Ils ont regardé la tele.
15. J'ai travaillé toute la journee. Je suis fatigue et je veux me reposer.

In one of the previous lessons, you have already met with one of the main French verbs "to be, to be." No less important for the French is the verb "avoir" - to have. This verb is often used in speech and not only conveys its direct meaning, but also helps in the formation of many tenses of the French language. Also, many stable phrases and expressions are built with this verb.
So, this lesson is devoted to the conjugation and use of the verb "avoir" in the present tense.

Conjugation of the verb "avoir"

The verb "avoir" is conjugated for persons and numbers, the forms of this verb are given in the table. The conjugation of the verb "avoir" is not subject to a certain rule, each form must be memorized. Please note that in the first person singular, the truncation of “e” already known to you occurs, and j’ai is used instead of the full form je ai.

*nasal sounds are indicated by the transcription signs given in lesson 4. The rest of the transcription sounds are indicated by Russian sounds.

Remember that in the first and second numbers of the plural, the same linking occurs: [nuzavɔ̃] and [vuzave].

The consonant "s", as you can see, is pronounced loudly.

In Russian, the verb "avoir", as a rule, is translated as "to eat". For example: J'ai un frere. [zhe œ̃ frer] - I have a brother.

Negative and interrogative sentences with the verb "avoir" are built according to the same pattern as with the verb "etre", although some features should be remembered.

So, recall, to form a negation, in French, a turnover is used "ne...pas", wherein "ne" must come before the verb pas- after. For example: Il n'a pas ton adresse.[il on pa toneadres] - He does not have your address.

Important! In negative forms, the indefinite article "un/une" changes to the preposition "de":
J'ai un frere. - I have a brother;

Je n'ai pas de frere. - I do not have a brother.

To ask a question, refer to the material already covered: intonation, “est-ce que” turnover or inversion will help you - that is, the reverse word order:

Note the connecting consonant "t" that appears between two vowels in the third person singular.

The verb "avoir" is part of many set expressions that are often used in French. Check out some of them and try to remember:

avoirfaim- to want to eat (to be hungry)

avoir soif- thirsty

avoir froid- to freeze

avoir chaud- feel hot

avoir-sommeil- want to sleep

Another important rule, which should be remembered is what the French call age: for this they use the verb "avoir". Therefore, to say that you are, for example, 25 years old, you would need the following sentence: "J'ai 25 ans". Literally it turns out “I have 25 years”, and not “I am 25 years old”.

Several exercises will help you to consolidate the studied material. Feel free to use the lesson information if you are not sure of the answer.

Tasks for the lesson

Exercise 1. Use the correct form of the verb "avoir".

1. Ils ... une voiture (machine). 2. Pierre ... deux frères (two brothers). 3. Quel age … vous? (How old are you?) 4. Je …. trois soeurs (three sisters). 5. Il … faim (hungry). 6. Elle… soif. 7. …tu 17 ans? 8. Nous … une maison (house). 9. … vous raison? 10. Elles … froid.

Exercise 2. Form negative sentences.

1. Nous avons pas un chien (dog). 2. Il a raison. 3. J'ai 23 ans. 4. Tu as fam. 5. Elles ont une maison. 6. Vous avez une idée (idea).

Answer 1.
1. Ils ont une voiture. 2. Pierre a deux freres. 3. Quel ave avez vous? 4. J'ai trois soeurs. 5.Il afaim. 6. Elle a soif. 7. As-tu 17 ans? 8. Nous avons une maison. 9. Avez vous raison? 10. Elles ont froid. Answer 2.
1. Nous n'avons pas de chien. 2. Il n'a pas raison. 3. Je n'ai pas 23 ans. 4. Tu n'as pas faim. 5. Elles n'ont pas de maison. 6. Vous n'avez pas de idee.

French learners are faced with the need to memorize many verbs, their endings and tenses. One of the most used is a representative of the 3rd group avoir. It is necessary to know its conjugation, because, firstly, it is used in many stable turns, and secondly, it is an auxiliary verb for the formation of several temporary forms.

Verb meaning

Its main meaning is "to have, to possess something"

• As-tu un chat? - Do you have a cat?
• Cet enfant a beaucoup de jouets. This child (has) a lot of toys.

In this sense, it is equivalent to English to have. In translation, the word "is" is usually omitted.

Another meaning is "to receive, to own something"

• J'aimerais avoir un colier d'or. - I would like to get a gold necklace.

avoir in the indicative and conditional subjunctive moods

Consider how the forms of the verb change in such tenses as the present (Présent), the incomplete past (Imparfait), the future simple (Futur Simple), the past complex (Passé composé), as well as in the conditional (Conditionnel) and subjunctive (Subjonctif) moods.

In Présent de l'indicatif, the conjugation of the French verb avoir should be remembered. The task is facilitated by the fact that in almost all forms, except for the 3rd person plural, there is an initial vowel of the infinitive, and the pronunciation of all forms follows the rules. In Imparfait, the following pattern can be traced: two initial letters (-av) are taken from the infinitive, the corresponding endings starting with -ai (-ais, -ais, -ait, -aient) are attached to them, and the vowel -i (-ions, - iez).

In Futur verb conjugation avoir characterized by the presence of a consonant letter -r before the end, while the stem changes to -aur. Looking closely at the table, you can see that the endings in Futur Simple are identical to the endings in Présent, only the basics change.

In the conditional present tense (Présent du conditionnel), the stem is the same as in the future simple (-aur), and the endings are the same as Imparfait. In the present subjunctive (Présent du subjonctif), the stem -ai is used before unpronounceable endings (for 1,2,3 person singular and 3 person plural), and -ay is used before pronounced endings (for 2 and 3 person plural).

Finally, Passé Composé, without which neither the oral nor the written speech of the French can do, requires the participation of both the main verb in the past participle form and the auxiliary copula verb. In case of avoir you need to use this verb twice: first as an auxiliary (the forms will match the conjugation in the present tense), then its participle eu.

Using a verb as an auxiliary

To form a Passé Composé, you need to know the present tense conjugation of the verb avoir. It is to him (less often to être) that participles of semantic verbs will be attached. The image shows how the Passé Composé is formed. Participles needed for conjugation can be found in dictionaries and reference books. For regular verbs of groups 1 and 2, it is enough just to discard the final consonant -r from the infinitive, and in the first group, additionally put the accent aigu (é) icon over the final vowel -e.

Example: parler - j’ai parlé (1 group); rougir - tu as rougi (group 2); être - elle aété; mettre - nous avons mis (group 3), etc.

Set phrases

French learners verb conjugation avoir will be needed to replenish your lexical baggage. In the following expressions presented in the table, nouns without articles are added to the verb.

You can also add to this list combinations in which the noun is used with the definite article. As a rule, they are continued by the preposition de and infinitive.

• Avoir le temps - to be in time, to have time.
• Avoir l'habitude - to have a habit.
• Avoir la chance - succeed.
• Avoir l'idée - come up with, think.

These and other constructions will decorate colloquial and written speech, and having learned the conjugation of the verb avoir They are easy to use in any situation.