Funny and tragic in the fairy tale M. E
In the text proposed for analysis by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin raises the problem of attitude towards conscience. That's what he's thinking about.
This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but excite modern man.
The writer reveals this problem on the example of people who lost their conscience, what happened to them after that: “It became more dexterous to turn one's neighbor's foot, it was more convenient to flatter, grovel, deceive, slander and slander.
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All pain suddenly disappeared. Nothing upset them, nothing made them think. No one needed conscience, because people expelled it, thereby forgetting about morality and spiritual qualities.
And also the writer cites as an example a miserable drunkard who gained a conscience and recalled his shameful past with horror: “- Fathers! I can't... it's unbearable! - the miserable drunkard shouts with a cry, and the crowd laughs and mocks him. She does not understand that the drunkard has never been so free from wine vapours, as at this moment, that he simply made an unfortunate discovery that tears his poor heart apart.
The author's position is clear: M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin believes that the person in whom conscience has awakened is more acutely experiencing his own imperfection and the injustice of the world, trying to correct his mistakes, becoming better in moral terms.
I fully agree with the position of the author and also believe that people who do not listen to the voice of conscience forget about morality, live without analyzing their actions, do not correct them, and because of all this, through their fault, untruth and deceit will not be eradicated in society and violence.
This problem is reflected in the literature. For example, in the comedy N.V. Gogol's "Inspector". Here we clearly see what can happen if there is an unscrupulous government. Chaos is going on in the institutions of the city of N: bribery, embezzlement of public funds, neglect of one's duties, vanity and a passion for gossip, envy and deception, boasting and stupidity, petty revenge and stupidity are flourishing.
Another example is the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Rodion Raskolnikov did the irreparable because of his theory of dividing people into "trembling creatures" and "having the right." After he committed the crime, a conscience woke up in him: he suffered for a long time, as a result he fell ill, several times wanted to confess. Thanks to Sonya Marmeladova, he was able to get rid of the stone that was in his soul.
Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: it depends on the person himself what kind of society he lives in: in order to be surrounded by honest, fair, conscientious people, first you need to become like that, learn to analyze your actions.
Updated: 2017-06-06
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A story about how people suddenly lost their conscience. Without it, as it turned out, life became better. People began to rob, and eventually went berserk. Conscience all forgotten lay on the road. One drunkard decided to pick her up, and immediately repentance for past shameful deeds returned to him. Consciousness woke up in him, and with it self-flagellation.
In order to get rid of these overwhelming feelings at once, the drunkard went to a tavern where a certain Prokhorych was trading. There he handed over his conscience with relief. Prokhorych immediately changed. He was even going to pour all the wine into the ditch. The wife, seeing this behavior of her husband, slowly stole his conscience from him, and rushed into the street.
There she slipped it to the quarter warden. The latter immediately changed: he suddenly stopped taking bribes. The men started laughing out loud at him. The wife, and that one, did not feed dinner. The warden took off his coat, and all conscience disappeared somewhere. He decided to win back, and went to the market. He just stuck his hands into the sleeves of his coat, and his conscience was right there - in his pocket lurking. Again it became inconvenient to rob people. On the contrary, he began to distribute money. He brought the beggars home and ordered his wife to feed them. He took off his coat, and immediately became the same: he pushed the beggars out of the house. The wife decided to clean her husband's pockets, and then suddenly she found a conscience.
A smart woman sent it by mail to the financier Brzhotsky. He did not need a conscience at all, and he handed it over to the general in an envelope. The general also had a bad conscience, and he also got rid of it.
And so the conscience went for a walk on the hands. It turned out that no one needs her, because it is much worse with her.
Walked, walked the conscience around the world, and finally pleaded. She asked to be relocated to a small child. The child is still innocent, and his conscience will be good with him. They listened to her. Now the child is growing, and conscience with him.
The story teaches that it is better to live without a conscience, but you cannot become a person without it. And also to the fact that the conscience should be laid from childhood.
Picture or drawing Lost conscience
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A fairy tale, nothing more than a fairy tale
meanwhile, a great tragedy...
I. Kramskoy
ME Saltykov-Shchedrin was a multi-talented writer. He wrote novels, short stories, essays, chronicles, articles. Shchedrin's fairy tales made him especially popular among the people.
Fairy tales are subtitled "For children of a fair age", and this indicates that the fairy tale allegorical form was chosen in order to be able to express thoughts that would be dangerous to express in another form. Pretending to be a simpleton, the satirist speaks of things that are not at all fabulous.
Fairy tales were written by Shchedrin at the end of his life and seemed to sum up his many years of literary work. They combined fantastic and real, comic and tragic, hyperbole and Aesopian language.
In the writer's fairy tales there are also fierce, ignorant rulers ("The Bear in the Voivodeship", "The Eagle-Maecenas", "The Wild Landowner"), and the hardworking people, submissive to their exploiters ("The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals", " Konyaga"), and the people awakening and seeking the truth ("Crow petitioner").
In many fairy tales, there is a belief in the triumph of positive ideals. So, in the fairy tale “Conscience Lost” it is told how conscience was expelled from the world of people. She was thrown away like a useless old rag. The writer expresses confidence that only once in the cradle where a small child lies, the conscience will finally find its defender.
The writer widely uses the technique of allegory: under the guise of animals and birds, he depicts representatives of various social classes and groups. Based on folk tradition, using images and folk speech filled with folk humor, Shchedrin created works whose goal is to awaken the people. The great satirist sought to make sure that "children of a fair age" ceased to be children. The peculiarity of the writer's fairy tales is that he does not offer readers understandable comparisons, but confronts such aspects of human and animal life that no one had noticed before. Sometimes it is simply impossible to understand who we are talking about: "Crucian carp is a quiet fish and prone to idealism."
The fairy tale turned into a political satire for Shchedrin. Each image was directed against the reigning eagles, beautiful-hearted crucian carp, moderately liberal squeakers.
The writer speaks with sadness and sympathy about the patience of the people, about their naive political illusions. He wants to show that it is impossible for a peasant to get along with voracious pikes and bears in the province, and to explain to the oppressed people that they themselves are a powerful and formidable force to repulse the reigning predators and fight them.
Unfortunately, in life evil often wins, not good, and this is the true tragedy of the fairy tale “Karas the Idealist”, after reading which the artist I. Kramskoy said: “A fairy tale, nothing more than a fairy tale, but meanwhile a high tragedy.” material from the site
The tragic situation of the enslaved, robbed and disenfranchised people, their hard labor, the fruits of which go to "waste dances", are shown in the fairy tale "Konyaga". The image of Konyaga is a symbol of the oppressed, tormented people, to whom the author treats with the greatest sympathy. It is on him that he pins hopes for a new life: “From century to century, the formidable, immovable mass of fields freezes, as if guarding a fairy-tale force in captivity. Who will free this force from captivity? Who will bring her into the world? This task fell to two creatures: the peasant and the Horse-ge, ”the author confidently writes.
The tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin have been carrying the undying ideas of satire for more than a hundred years. Even today they are read with great interest, because even today their characters live among us.
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Literature lesson in grade 10
“M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and his fairy tales
Slides
Goals.
Educational.
Acquaintance with the fairy tale of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The conscience is gone”.
Improve text analysis skills.
To reveal the degree of relevance of the concept of "conscience" in modern society and the reflection of this problem in the literature of the second half of the XIX
Developing.
Development of the ability to analyze, systematize, generalize;
Develop skills for independent work and work in groups.
Develop imagination, associative and logical thinking.
Continue the development of cognitive interest in literature.
Educational.
To educate moral qualities, the ability to evaluate one's actions, the surrounding reality, to be able to sympathize, empathize, defend a moral position;
Lay the foundations of moral behavior, develop speech, expressive reading of the text.
B) Questions for conversation
- Why was Kostyka scared? (The writer was afraid of everyone in whom the conscience was unclean). - How do you see the satirist from the pages of Kuprin's story? (sees through a person)- How to understand the meaning of the title of the story? (GIANT- a giant, a hero. In a figurative sense - an outstanding figure in any field. C-W is an outstanding writer in the field of satire).
I do not need. does anyone know how to get rid of it?
The one who sleeps most soundly is not the one who has a clear conscience, but the one who never had one.
- Work on literary terms. Entangled chains: find a match between a term and a concept.
SARKASM is a caustic, caustic mockery, with a frankly accusatory, satirical meaning. Sarcasm is a kind of irony.
IRONY - a negative assessment of an object or phenomenon through its ridicule. The comic effect is achieved by the fact that the true meaning of the event is masked.
GROTESQUE - depiction of reality in an exaggerated, ugly comic form, the interweaving of the real and the fantastic, the scary with the funny.
HYPERBOLE is a deliberate exaggeration.
ANAFRIZ - a linguistic phenomenon in which the word is used in the opposite sense
Understanding stage
A) conversation.
Conscience is a clawed beast that scrapes the heart; conscience - an uninvited guest, a pesky interlocutor, A rude lender; this witch:
A. S. Pushkin. "Stingy Knight"
- What is conscience? How do you understand the meaning of this word?(This is an inner voice that does not allow a person to do evil, causes a feeling of shame from what he has done, this is the voice of God within us).
Each person is familiar with his inner voice, which either reproaches him or pleases him. This subtle innate feeling is called conscience.“Conscience is a kind of spiritual instinct that distinguishes good from evil faster and more clearly than the mind. Whoever follows the voice of conscience will not regret his actions,” says Roman Januskevisius in the book “Fundamentals of Morality”- Have you ever experienced a feeling that can be called remorse? Is it normal or not? - Why are normal relationships between people possible only as long as people have not lost their conscience?It is not easy to earn an assessment so that they say about you that you are an honest, conscientious, decent person. But one thing is clear! If a person does not learn to be ashamed of his bad deeds, he will never become either honest, or conscientious, or decent. Unfortunately, not everyone knows the feeling of shame.B) Morphemic analysis of the word
Let's look at this word and break it down into parts.
(On the board. CO + VEST → CONSCIENCE).
Let's continue working with the word, let's try to "reach the very essence." To understand the meaning of the prefix CO, let's pick up words with a similar prefix. (Empathy, compassion, connection, agreement, cooperation, jointly, ...)
-What do these words mean?(joint action).
- With whom together?(Together with other people, with God)
-And the word VEST? What's the news?(About peace, kindness, good deeds, honest life)
D) Choose and write down one proverb you like the most and explain the meaning in your own words. For conscience and for honor - at least take your head offYou won't wear out your face without shame.When the conscience was handed out, he was not at home.If you lose money, you can make money, but if you lose your conscience, you will know trouble.Without arms, without legs - a cripple, without a conscience - half a person.You cannot live without a conscience and with a great mind.A bad conscience won't let me sleep.Though the purse is empty, but the conscience is clear. The rich will not buy conscience, but will destroy his own.
Where money speaks, conscience is silent.Speak to the point, live according to your conscienceConscience torments, consumes, torments and kills.
b) Let us turn to the text of the tale. Read paragraphs 1 and 2.
-What has changed in people's lives when conscience disappeared?(many began to feel more cheerful and freer. The count of time was lost, the present and the future were mixed up, the movement accelerated - there was no time to think, silence, harmony disappeared, “the course of a person became easier”, “nothing upset them ...”)
-What method is being used?(Irony.) Real sages never considered themselves sinless, but were conscientious people in the highest degree)
A sad start to a story. Discarded, spat on, crumpled, useless conscience passes from hand to hand. How they accept it, what the heroes feel, those same “wise ones of the world”, now we will see.
d) Work in groups. (Work related to the "journey" of conscience from hand to hand).
5 groups have been created: 4 groups work with text, 5 - creative.
Group assignments.
How does conscience get to a drunkard?
What changes does the drunkard feel when he gains a conscience?
What does he look like?
Who is Prokhorych?
What did Prokhorych feel when he got a conscience?
What does he look like?
How does one part with conscience?
Who is the Hunter?
What did the conscience do to the warden?
Is he changing?
How does one part with conscience?
Who is Brzotsky? Tell us about his family.
What did Samuil Davydych feel when he got a conscience?
How does he get rid of her?
What did you feel when you got rid of your conscience?
Try to portray the conscience as it should be (shape, color). Protect your project. The children are given colored paper, glue, scissors, colored pencils, felt-tip pens.
Sample answers.
1 group considers the image of a drunkard.
How did he get his conscience? (Looked with drunken eyes)
What changes does he feel after having a conscience? (As if an electric jet pierced, returning a bitter consciousness of reality, dull fear, a premonition of imminent danger, the memory extracted details of violence, betrayal, cardiac lethargy, lies, the past seems like a continuous ugly crime, he is depressed ... into parts.)
What does he look like? (Pitiful.)
How does one get rid of conscience? (Hides it in his pocket, looking around, stealthily, slowly, dishonestly puts his conscience in Prokhorych's hand).
2 group examines the image of Prokhorych.
Who is Prokhorych? (He runs a tavern, a drinking establishment, gets people drunk).
What did he feel when he got a conscience? (For some time he stood with bulging eyes, large drops of sweat appeared on his forehead, burst into bitter tears ... He shook and turned pale.)
What does he look like? (Does not see the future, but the present and the past are sad. All that remains for me is to die)
How does one part with conscience? (Wife gets rid).
3 group considers the image of the Trapper.
Who is the Hunter? (Overseer).
What did the conscience do to the warden? (It started to jar. This is some kind of illness with me. Can’t take someone else’s, such qualities as timidity, shyness appear, asks for forgiveness, gives money, wants to feed the poor)
Is he changing? (Yes, when he takes off his coat, where the conscience lies in the pocket).
How does one part with conscience? (The wife sends in an envelope to the financier Brzhotsky).
4 group considers the image of Samuil Davydych Brzhotsky.
Who is the hero? Tell us about his family.
What did the financier feel when he got a conscience? (“He swept in all directions, like an eel on coals,” screamed, shaking all over, experienced torment, heroically endured the most cruel tortures).
How to get rid of conscience? (Donated to a charitable institution to a familiar general)
What did you feel when you got rid of your conscience? (Relief. "That same evening...").
This is the most difficult type, in him conscience cannot awaken anything. We can say that the words of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato are about him: “I consider that person who has lost his sense of shame to be lost”
e) conversation.
And now, do you think there are similar people? Give examples from the media
Calm music sounds. (A. Borodin "String Quartet No. 2. Nocturne.") show photos from modern life against the background of music.
So this is an eternal problem. The path to your conscience is very difficult, of course, it is easier to follow the old path, which sometimes still brings income. (Heroes of a fairy tale).
What if everyone loses their conscience? How to live on earth? What to do? Live without a conscience? The author answers this question as well. Read the last three paragraphs of the story.
These words, full of not only love, but also hope, are the testament left by Saltykov-Shchedrin to the Russian people .
How should one live in order to be a man, and not a drunkard, a Catcher (referring to the table)?
Conscience must not be lost, it must live with the person. It is never too late to remind a person of conscience if he has parted with it for a long time.
In a small, sinless, pure child, conscience found shelter. This is the ideal conscience that M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin draws.
Working with a drawing.
If we figuratively imagine the conscience roaming around different people, then together with the writer we will see a “dirty, shabby rag”, “a greasy piece of paper with torn edges”, gray, something like this.
Project protection.
That's the kind of conscience the guys saw. (Yellow is light, red is the heart, white is purity, wings are flight. Everyone should have such a conscience, and not like the look of a gray, rumpled rag. The writer placed conscience in the heart of a child. “A little child grows, and together with him, his conscience grows in him ... "
This article examines in detail the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin "Conscience Lost". A brief summary and analysis will touch upon those special moral strings of the soul of a person and society as a whole. The question that has been of interest to people for more than one century, which should be understood first of all: “What is it - conscience?” Censor, controller, inner voice? Why is she needed if without her it becomes so calm? This and many other things are described in the article devoted to such a difficult topic, touched upon in the work of the outstanding Russian writer M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Conscience Lost”.
About the writer
To begin with, I would like to say a few words about the writer himself, whose merits are significant and great, and the works written by him throughout his life put him on a par with the great minds of Russia: with Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Pushkin, Chekhov.
So, Saltykov-Shchedrin was born in 1826 on January 27 (15 according to the old style) into a noble family of an old family. Giftedness, intelligence, incredible diligence were faithful companions of the writer from childhood. At the age of 10 he was sent to the Moscow Noble Institute, two years later he was transferred to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum for excellent studies. "For freethinking" was exiled to Vyatka for 8 years. In 1856, in connection with the death of Nicholas I, the young writer returned back and resumed writing. Participation in the peasant reform, the position of governor of the province and work in the Ministry of the Interior became an integral part of the writer's life.
After retiring, he becomes the editor-in-chief of the Sovremennik magazine. Agree, an impressive list of achievements! A talented writer, satirist, statesman, artist left an unforgettable mark in the history of his country, the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin are topical and have not lost their relevance today.
The problem of own imperfection
The writer often refers to the theme of fairy tales in his works. And here is an unusual situation before the reader - conscience disappears from the life of society. What happened to the people? They began to feel freer, but do not be mistaken and confuse the inspiring feeling of freedom with a sense of permissiveness that generates chaos, aggression and anger. The human disappears in man himself, precisely what should distinguish in him a thinking, creative being, alien to destruction and collapse.
What happened to conscience? Pay attention to how the author calls her: "annoying hooker", and this is not accidental. Thus, the author makes it clear to the reader that the conscience is like something alive and real, in need of nourishment and care, which in turn will thank its “owner” with a blessed feeling of peace and self-satisfaction. And without a person, it turns into that unnecessary appendage and becomes that “annoying hanger”.
Further, in the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin, as an example, one can observe the peaceful dream of the owner of a drinking establishment, who, perhaps for the first time in his life, behaved like a responsible person for his actions. Or, say, the very first "owner" of conscience - a drunkard who freed himself from the yoke of wine intoxication and realized all his worthlessness of existence, which is why he feels fear. But the bitter drunkard destroys only himself, he is only responsible for his actions, unlike Prokhor, the owner of a drinking establishment, who destroys so many people with his potion. Conscience gives Prokhor a sense of relief, since for the first time in his life he acts according to his conscience. What does the author want to tell us?
The summary of “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin, analyzed by us in this material, covers important aspects of the life of human society. If there was a conscience nearby, then there would be no drunkards in the world, and the owners of beer houses would bake bread and buns. Adults will definitely smile in this place, as each of them knows how difficult our world is. But that's why it's a fairy tale - you might think. The tale “Conscience Lost” is a kind of reminder for adults and a lesson for children.
Own choice, or the Power of one drop
The journey of conscience continues, but most likely it was a toll-house that brings suffering, wanderings. Conscience falls to the Trapper. The author does not give a name to his character, but is limited only by a nickname, thereby emphasizing the essence of this person. What is his fault? Unlike the first two characters, one of which destroyed himself, and the other - others, in this case the sin of the Catcher is great and heavy, he is a bribe taker.
The next owner of conscience is already a completely different person, the author paints a picture of a prosperous family of a banker, but extreme prudence is the vice of a hero who even conscience sells on the sly. The tale “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin, the analysis of which makes one involuntarily think about the globality and depth of the question, about whether there is a place for conscience in our world at all? How easy and difficult it is to act according to conscience at the same time, but how easy it becomes on the soul when it is pure. How to breathe, how to live in a new way!
Understanding the concept of conscience
Turning to dictionaries, we find a definition of the concept of conscience. Conscience is a feeling and a concept at the same time, a sense of responsibility for one's actions is intertwined with the awareness of those moral principles on which the health of society should be based. This ability to distinguish between good and bad must be instilled from infancy. Parents are a kind of guides to the world who teach the child to love good and hate evil, and children, in turn, fearing to lose the love and favor of their parents, clearly and quickly absorb and assimilate precisely those concepts that are given by the father and mother.
Hopes placed
In the work, Saltykov-Shchedrin gives voice to his main character - conscience. What does she ask for, what does she want? She asks to find her a little Russian child so that she can dissolve in his heart. “Why exactly in the heart of a child?” - you ask. The author thus wants to make it clear to the reader how important it is to place hopes on the younger generation, and it should be remembered that children are innocent and pure, and it will depend only on adults what colors their future world, conscience, life will be filled with. The problem of “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin concerns that side of the human soul, where there comes the realization of good and evil, truth and hope.
Conclusion
In conclusion, summing up what has been said, I would like to note that the author of the immortal work wanted to emphasize the importance of conscience in human life, to show the reader conscience as the guardian of all those human qualities on which the best part of civilization was built. The summary of “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin, analyzed in our article, we hope will give food for thought and touch the strings of your soul, help you make the right choice, give you peace.
