home › electrical equipment › War the world covers what years. At what point in the life of Andrei Bolkonsky (L

War the world covers what years. At what point in the life of Andrei Bolkonsky (L

- Pictures of Russian history (Battles of Shengraben and Austerlitz, the Peace of Tilsit, the war of 1812, the fire of Moscow, the partisan movement). - Events of social and political life (Freemasonry, Speransky's legislative activity, the first organizations of the Decembrists). - Relations between landowners and peasants (transformation of Pierre, Andrei; rebellion of the Bogucharov peasants, indignation of Moscow artisans).

Display of various segments of the population (local, Moscow, St. Petersburg nobility; officials; army; peasants). - A wide panorama of everyday scenes of noble life (balls, high society receptions, dinners, hunting, visiting the theater, etc.)

A huge number of human characters.

Long time span (15 years).

Wide coverage of space (Petersburg, Moscow, Lysyye Gory and Otradnoye estates, Austria, Smolensk, Borodino

Thus, Tolstoy's idea required the creation of a new genre, and only an epic novel could embody all the author's conditions.

The main method of composition of the novel is antithesis. Its poles are Napoleon and Kutuzov, embodying diametrically opposed philosophical and moral principles. All the main characters are distributed between these poles.

Antithesis- (from Greek, antitesis - contradiction, opposition) - opposition.

A distinctive feature of the composition of "War and Peace" is that the writer transfers the action from one place to another, moves from events associated with one storyline to events associated with another line; from private destinies to historical events.

In order to sharpen the features of certain character events, the writer often resorts to the method of contrasts (antithesis). This is expressed in the very title of the novel: war is peace, and in the vital material that formed the basis of the work. The contrast determines the images of individual heroes (Natasha Rostova and Helen Bezukhova, Princess Marya and Julie Karagina), and historical phenomena (Battle of Austerlitz-Battle of Borodino), historical figures (Kutuzov-Napoleon).

On the basis of the principle, antitheses are also introduced into the general structure of the work and images of two cities - Moscow and St. Petersburg. It is in Moscow that the main significant events of the novel take place. Tolstoy's favorite and most dear heroes live in this city: the Rostovs, Bezukhov. Moscow is presented in the work as a soulful city, relatives, relatives. In the current heroic situation, Moscow is, as it were, on the verge between war and peace: if Napoleon captures it, then selfish arbitrariness will win, and if Kutuzov defends, then the principle of unity, the tribal principle.

Petersburg, on the other hand, acts as an unnatural, alien city, it can be taken out of the "swarm" unity formed by the inhabitants of Moscow and the city itself. The war does not affect St. Petersburg, but even when they learn terrible news from Moscow, the inhabitants of the city on the Neva do not make any attempts to help people in trouble, and are outside the heroic situation.

Also, the separation of St. Petersburg from the tribal whole is facilitated by one of the existing myths about its foundation - that it was built at the whim of the king, and not according to the needs of the people, and stands on the bones. Tolstoy does not sympathize with this city, and, accordingly, with those heroes who, at the request of the author, turn out to be its inhabitants - regular visitors to the salons of Anna Scherer and Helen

Contrastingly compared in the novel are the types of human natures - emotional and ideological. So, the Bolkonsky family embodies the intellectual and rational principle, the Rostov family embodies the emotional and intuitive.

The very movement of the plot in the novel is due to the principle of "linkages" (L.N. Tolstoy), which leaves the impression of a mosaic of events. There are several storylines in the work, five hundred and fifty nine characters, among which there are real historical figures, fictional heroes, and nameless characters (“the general who ordered”). The artistic time and artistic space of "War and Peace" are extensive. The content of the novel covers a large period - from 1805 to 1820. From Russia, the action is transferred to Prussia, Austria, Poland, from Smolensk to Moscow, from St. Petersburg to the countryside. Before us are the emperor’s palace, the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, the mansion of the dying Count Bezukhov, the Rostovs’ estate in Otradnoye, the Bolkonsky’s house in Bogucharovo, a peasant’s hut in Fili, the fields of Austerlitz, Shengraben and Borodino battles, camping tents of soldiers.

In the center of the novel lies a chronicle of the life of three noble families - the Rostovs, Bolkonskys and Kuragins. At the same time, in the life of each of the families there are culminating events. Thus, the episodes depicting Natasha's passion for Anatole, her refusal to Prince Andrei Tolstoy, was assessed as "the most difficult place and knot of the whole novel." So did the readers. “The main interest of the book, as a novel,” wrote V.F. Odoevsky, - begins with this climax. And he added: "A curious denouement." However, the author himself noted that in the novel "the death of one person only aroused interest in other persons, and marriage seemed mostly the plot, and not the denouement of interest." The death of Count Bezukhov, the marriage of Pierre to Helene, the unsuccessful courtship of Prince Vasily are thus important initial, but not defining plot points of the work. At the same time, the personal life of the heroes is inextricably linked with the most important historical events of the era.

The flow of private life in the novel organically merges with the historical plot. “Three main historical events form the pivotal line of the plot development. The plot is 1805, the beginning of the war with Napoleon, the period, the main events of which are the battles of Austerlitz and Shengraben.<…>These events of the first military stage precede the epic of the people's war of 1812 and serve as the beginning of the further development of the lives of the heroes - Andrei Bolkonsky, Nikolai Rostov, Dolokhov and others. 1812, the battle of Borodino is the climax of the novel"

The battle of Borodino and the abandonment of Moscow is a whole epoch in the spiritual development of the heroes, a kind of focus in which their destinies converge. It is with this event that the formation of new qualities in them, new views on the world and society is connected. Through the test of fire, suffering, death, all the main characters of the novel are carried out. Shortly before the Battle of Borodino, the old man Bolkonsky dies, and Princess Marya takes his death hard. 1812 changes a lot in the life of Pierre Bezukhov. This is a period of restoring spiritual integrity, introducing him to the “general”, affirming in his soul his sense of the harmony of life. An important role here was played by Pierre's visit to the Rayevsky battery during the Battle of Borodino and his stay in French captivity. Being on the Borodino field, among the endless roar of cannons, the smoke of shells, the screech of bullets, the hero experiences a feeling of horror, mortal fear. The soldiers seem to him strong and courageous, they have no fear, no fear for their lives. The very patriotism of these people, seemingly unconscious, comes from the very essence of nature, their behavior is simple and natural. And Pierre wants to become "just a soldier", to free himself from the "burden of the external person", from everything artificial, superficial. Faced with the people's milieu for the first time, he keenly feels the falsity and insignificance of the secular-conventional world, he feels the fallacy of his former views and attitudes. The Battle of Borodino becomes fateful for Prince Andrei. In battle, he is seriously wounded, after which he is operated on. Here the hero again feels the proximity of death, and a turning point occurs in his worldview. After suffering, he feels "a bliss that he has not experienced for a long time." His heart is filled with a feeling of Christian love that he had not experienced before, he finally overcomes his vanity, selfishness, aristocratic prejudices. He feels pity and compassion when he sees the wounded Anatole lying next to him. “Compassion, love for brothers, for those who love us, hate us, love for enemies - yes, that love that God preached on earth ...” - all this is suddenly revealed to Prince Andrei. Bolkonsky dies, and his death becomes the greatest grief for Princess Marya and Natasha. Finally, the Battle of Borodino becomes a turning point in the development of the historical theme, symbolizing the victory of Russia.

The denouement of the novel is the victory over Napoleon, the defeat of the French and the emergence of new ideas in Russian society. These events determine the personal destinies of the heroes, without obscuring, however, the writer's human personality. historical events are shown by Tolstoy through the prism of various destinies and characters.

An important role in the novel is played by the author's digressions, which reveal Tolstoy's philosophical and religious-ethical views, his thoughts about the historical process. The philosophical problems of the author's digressions are the structure of the world and the place of a person in it, the role of the individual in history, the relationship between freedom and necessity in the fate of a person, true and false values in life. In the novel, Tolstoy reveals his views on the war of 1812, on its participants. These views are based on historical fatalism (personality does not play a role in the historical process). History, according to the writer, is a movement of huge human masses (Tolstoy considered the Russian people to be the main character of the novel, noting that he most of all valued "people's thought" in "War and Peace").

The compositional role of author's digressions is different. Thus, in the third part, the author discusses the war of 1812 as a people's war of liberation, and this digression plays the role of a kind of generalization of the artistic chapters. The introduction of the author's journalistic and philosophical reasoning "expands the boundaries of the narrative and at the same time combines the historical, philosophical novel and the psychological "essay on morals" into one organic whole.

It is worth noting that the author's voice "reignedly dominates the novel. The author is omniscient, he rises above the characters and events to an unattainable height. According to M. Bakhtin's definition, Tolstoy's novel is "monologic" (in contrast to Dostoevsky's "polyphonic" or "polyphonic" novel)"

Thus, once again we note the artistic originality of "War and Peace". Tolstoy created a work that organically combines the features of an epic, a historical novel, a chronicle, an essay on morals, generously saturating it with philosophical problems and psychological analysis. The novel does not have a single intrigue, we see several storylines, each of which is correlated with the most important historical events of the era. Life in Tolstoy is presented in all its diversity. All these artistic properties made the novel a masterpiece of world literature.

The work of T. marked a new stage in the development of Russian and world realism, threw a bridge between the traditions of the classical novel of the 19th century. and literature of the 20th century. The realism of T. is characterized by a special frankness of tone, directness and, as a result, will crush, strength and sharpness in exposing social contradictions. Direct emotional contagion, the ability to recreate the very "flesh of life" are combined in Tolstoy's work with flexible and sharp thought, deep, extremely sincere psychological analysis. Healthy, full-blooded realism T. strives for a combination of analysis and synthesis, gravitates toward a holistic understanding of the world, awareness of the laws by which human life moves. Not trusting the prevailing opinions and prejudices, T. wants to look at everything anew and in his own way; discarding various types of literary cliches, he builds his art only on what he himself saw, understood and guessed. T. capture the spiritual being of the individual, the tension of the seeking thought, the anxieties of conscience. But his realism is also characterized by plastic modeling of characters, vivid verbal painting in everyday life, historical and genre scenes.

The realism of T., closely connected with the national Russian tradition, which developed and consolidated it, also carries an enormous universal content. The traditions of realism in T. were accepted and assimilated by the young Soviet literature. They still remain for Soviet writers one of the most important and viable traditions of the classical heritage.

T. had a huge impact on the evolution of European humanism, on the development of realistic traditions in world literature. In France, Romain Rolland, F. Mauriac and R. Martin du Gard, in the USA E. Hemingway and T. Wolfe, in England J. Galsworthy and B. Shaw, in Germany T. Mann and A. Zegers, in Sweden A. Strindberg and A. Lundqvist, in Austria R. M. Rilke, in Poland E. Ozheshko, B. Prus, J. Ivashkevich, in Czechoslovakia M. Puimanova, in China Lao She, in Japan Tokutomi Roca - each in his own way experienced The influence of T.'s creativity was great. T.'s influence on the culture of India and on the activities of M. Gandhi. Works T. countless times filmed and staged in the USSR and abroad. T.'s plays have been repeatedly staged on the stages of the whole world.

The study of T.'s work in domestic and world literary criticism began during the life of the writer. Articles about it by G. V. Plekhanov and V. G. Korolenko and M. Gorky’s essay “Leo Tolstoy” (1919) were of significant importance for the study of the subject. After the October Revolution of 1917, interest in T.'s legacy increased noticeably.

Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" was written in 1863-1869. To get acquainted with the main plot lines of the novel, we offer 10th grade students and everyone who is interested in Russian literature to read the summary of “War and Peace” chapter by chapter and part online.

"War and Peace" refers to the literary direction of realism: the book describes in detail a number of key historical events, depicts characters typical of Russian society, the main conflict is "hero and society". The genre of the work is an epic novel: "War and Peace" includes both signs of a novel (the presence of several storylines, a description of the development of characters and moments of crisis in their fate), and epics (global historical events, the all-encompassing nature of the depiction of reality). In the novel, Tolstoy touches on many “eternal” topics: love, friendship, fathers and children, the search for the meaning of life, the confrontation between war and peace both in the global sense and in the souls of the characters.

Main characters

Andrey Bolkonsky- the prince, the son of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, was married to the little princess Lisa. He is in constant search for the meaning of life. Participated in the Battle of Austerlitz. He died from a wound received during the Battle of Borodino.

Natasha Rostova Daughter of the Count and Countess Rostov. At the beginning of the novel, the heroine is only 12 years old, Natasha is growing up before the eyes of the reader. At the end of the work, she marries Pierre Bezukhov.

Pierre Bezukhov- Count, son of Count Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov. He was married to Helen (first marriage) and Natasha Rostova (second marriage). Interested in Freemasonry. He was present on the battlefield during the Battle of Borodino.

Nikolay Rostov- the eldest son of the Count and Countess of Rostov. Participated in military campaigns against the French and the Patriotic War. After the death of his father, he takes care of the family. He married Marya Bolkonskaya.

Ilya Andreevich Rostov And Natalia Rostova- counts, parents of Natasha, Nikolai, Vera and Petya. A happy married couple living in harmony and love.

Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky- Prince, father of Andrei Bolkonsky. Prominent figure of the Catherine era.

Marya Bolkonskaya- Princess, sister of Andrei Bolkonsky, daughter of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky. A pious girl who lives for her loved ones. She married Nikolai Rostov.

Sonya- niece of Count Rostov. Lives in the care of the Rostovs.

Fedor Dolokhov- at the beginning of the novel, he is an officer of the Semenovsky regiment. One of the leaders of the partisan movement. During a peaceful life, he constantly participated in revelry.

Vasily Denisov- friend of Nikolai Rostov, captain, squadron commander.

Other characters

Anna Pavlovna Sherer- maid of honor and approximate Empress Maria Feodorovna.

Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya- the impoverished heiress of "one of the best families in Russia", a friend of Countess Rostova.

Boris Drubetskoy- the son of Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya. Made a brilliant military career. He married Julie Karagina to improve his financial situation.

Julie Karagina- daughter of Karagina Marya Lvovna, friend of Marya Bolkonskaya. She married Boris Drubetskoy.

Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov- Count, father of Pierre Bezukhov, an influential person. After his death, he left his son (Pierre) a huge fortune.

Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova- the godmother of Natasha Rostova, she was known and respected in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Peter Rostov (Petya)- the youngest son of the Count and Countess of Rostov. Was killed during World War II.

Vera Rostova- the eldest daughter of the Count and Countess Rostov. Adolf Berg's wife.

Adolf (Alphonse) Karlovich Berg- a German who made a career from lieutenant to colonel. First the groom, then the husband of Vera Rostova.

Lisa Bolkonskaya- the little princess, the young wife of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. She died during childbirth, giving birth to Andrei's son.

Vasily Sergeevich Kuragin- Prince, friend Scherer, a well-known and influential socialite in Moscow and St. Petersburg. He occupies an important position at court.

Elena Kuragina (Helen)- the daughter of Vasily Kuragin, the first wife of Pierre Bezukhov. A charming woman who liked to shine in the light. She died after an unsuccessful abortion.

Anatole Kuragin- "restless fool", the eldest son of Vasily Kuragin. A charming and handsome man, a dandy, a lover of women. Participated in the Battle of Borodino.

Ippolit Kuragin- "the late fool", the youngest son of Vasily Kuragin. The complete opposite of his brother and sister, very stupid, everyone perceives him as a jester.

Amelie Bourienne- Frenchwoman, companion of Marya Bolkonskaya.

Shinshin- cousin of Countess Rostova.

Ekaterina Semyonovna Mamontova- the eldest of the three Mamontov sisters, the niece of Count Kirill Bezukhov.

Bagration- Russian military leader, hero of the war against Napoleon 1805-1807 and the Patriotic War of 1812.

Napoleon Bonaparte- Emperor of France

Alexander I- Emperor of the Russian Empire.

Kutuzov Field Marshal General, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

Tushin- an artillery captain who distinguished himself in the battle of Shengraben.

Platon Karataev- a soldier of the Apsheron regiment, embodying everything truly Russian, whom Pierre met in captivity.

Volume 1

The first volume of "War and Peace" consists of three parts, divided into "peaceful" and "military" narrative blocks and covers the events of 1805. The “peaceful” first part of the first volume of the work and the initial chapters of the third part describe social life in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and in the Bald Mountains.

In the second part and the last chapters of the third part of the first volume, the author depicts pictures of the war between the Russian-Austrian army and Napoleon. The battle of Shengraben and the Battle of Austerlitz become the central episodes of the "military" blocks of the narrative.

From the first, "peaceful" chapters of the novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy introduces the reader to the main characters of the work - Andrei Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova, Pierre Bezukhov, Nikolai Rostov, Sonya and others. Through the depiction of the life of various social groups and families, the author conveys the diversity of Russian life in the pre-war period. The "military" chapters display the whole unadorned realism of military operations, further revealing to the reader the characters of the main characters. The defeat at Austerlitz, which concludes the first volume, appears in the novel not only as a loss for the Russian troops, but also as a symbol of the collapse of hopes, a revolution in the lives of most of the main characters.

Volume 2

The second volume of "War and Peace" is the only "peaceful" in the entire epic and covers the events of 1806-1811 on the eve of the Patriotic War. In it, the "peaceful" episodes of the secular life of the heroes are intertwined with the military-historical world - the adoption of the Tilsit truce between France and Russia, the preparation of Speransky's reforms.

During the period described in the second volume, important events take place in the lives of the heroes that largely change their worldview and views of the world: the return of Andrei Bolkonsky home, his disappointment in life after the death of his wife, and the subsequent transformation thanks to love for Natasha Rostova; Pierre's passion for Freemasonry and his attempts to improve the life of the peasants on his estates; the first ball of Natasha Rostova; loss of Nikolai Rostov; hunting and Christmas in Otradnoye (the Rostov estate); the failed kidnapping of Natasha by Anatole Karagin and Natasha's refusal to marry Andrey. The second volume ends with the symbolic appearance of a comet hovering over Moscow, foreshadowing terrible events in the lives of heroes and all of Russia - the war of 1812.

Volume 3

The third volume of "War and Peace" is devoted to the military events of 1812 and their impact on the "peaceful" life of the Russian people of all classes. The first part of the volume describes the invasion of French troops into the territory of Russia and the preparations for the Battle of Borodino. The second part depicts the Battle of Borodino itself, which is the culmination not only of the third volume, but of the entire novel. Many central characters of the work intersect on the battlefield (Bolkonsky, Bezukhov, Denisov, Dolokhov, Kuragin, etc.), which emphasizes the inextricable connection of the whole people with a common goal - the fight against the enemy. The third part is devoted to the surrender of Moscow to the French, a description of the fire in the capital, which, according to Tolstoy, happened because of those who left the city, leaving it to the enemies. The most touching scene of the volume is also described here - a date between Natasha and the mortally wounded Bolkonsky, who still loves the girl. The volume ends with Pierre's unsuccessful attempt to kill Napoleon and his arrest by the French.

Volume 4

The fourth volume of War and Peace covers the events of the Patriotic War of the second half of 1812, as well as the peaceful life of the main characters in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Voronezh. The second and third "military" parts describe the flight of the Napoleonic army from the plundered Moscow, the Battle of Tarutino and the partisan war of the Russian army against the French. The "military" chapters are framed by the "peaceful" parts one and four, in which the author pays special attention to the mood of the aristocracy regarding military events, its remoteness from public interests.

In the fourth volume, key events also take place in the lives of the heroes: Nikolai and Marya realize that they love each other, Andrei Bolkonsky and Helen Bezukhova die, Petya Rostov dies, and Pierre and Natasha begin to think about possible joint happiness. However, the central figure of the fourth volume is a simple soldier, a native of the people - Platon Karataev, who in the novel is the bearer of everything truly Russian. In his words and actions, the same simple wisdom of the peasant, folk philosophy is expressed, over the comprehension of which the main characters of "War and Peace" are tormented.

Epilogue

In the epilogue of the work "War and Peace" Tolstoy sums up the entire epic novel, depicting the life of the characters seven years after the Patriotic War - in 1819-1820. Significant changes took place in their destinies, both good and bad: the marriage of Pierre and Natasha and the birth of their children, the death of Count Rostov and the difficult financial situation of the Rostov family, the wedding of Nikolai and Marya and the birth of their children, the growing up of Nikolenka, the son of the deceased Andrei Bolkonsky, in which the character of the father is already clearly visible.

If the first part of the epilogue describes the personal lives of the heroes, then the second part presents the author's reflections on historical events, the role of an individual historical figure and entire nations in these events. Concluding his reasoning, the author comes to the conclusion that the whole history is predetermined by some irrational law of random mutual influences and interconnections. An example of this is the scene depicted in the first part of the epilogue, when a large family gathers at the Rostovs: the Rostovs, the Bolkonskys, the Bezukhovs - all of them were brought together by the same incomprehensible law of historical relationships - the main acting force that directs all the events and fates of the characters in the novel.

Conclusion

In the novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy managed to masterfully depict the people not as different social strata, but as a single whole, united by common values and aspirations. All four volumes of the work, including the epilogue, are connected by the idea of “folk thought”, which lives not only in every hero of the work, but also in every “peaceful” or “military” episode. It was this unifying thought that became, according to Tolstoy's idea, the main reason for the victory of the Russians in the Patriotic War.

"War and Peace" is rightfully considered a masterpiece of Russian literature, an encyclopedia of Russian characters and human life in general. For more than a century, the work has remained interesting and relevant for modern readers, history buffs and connoisseurs of classical Russian literature. War and Peace is a novel that everyone should read.

A very detailed brief retelling of "War and Peace", presented on our website, will allow you to get a complete picture of the plot of the novel, its heroes, the main conflicts and the problems of the work.

Quest

We have prepared an interesting quest based on the novel “War and Peace” - pass.

Novel test

Retelling rating

Average rating: 4.1. Total ratings received: 15170.

WAR AND PEACE

epic novel L.N. Tolstoy.

The novel "War and Peace" was written in 1863-1869. during the life of the writer in Yasnaya Polyana. The first chapters appeared in the journal "Russian Messenger" in 1865 under the title "1805". In 1866, a new version of the name appeared, no longer specifically historical, but philosophical: "All's well that ends well." Then the novel was significantly revised and received the name by which it became world famous - "War and Peace". The novel was first published in full in 1867-1869.
The action of the novel covers the period from 1805 to the 1820s. The last scenes of the epilogue date back to the creation of secret societies. Decembrists. Events unfold in Moscow, V Petersburg, in the provinces, as well as in Europe - on the sites of the famous battles of the era of the Napoleonic wars.
The novel shows all strata of society, people of different generations and beliefs. Actors - about 600: representatives of the capital nobility (cm.), simple peasants (cm.) and soldiers, many real historical characters, among them - the emperor, Napoleon, field marshal M.I. Kutuzov, famous generals of the Russian and French armies.
The main characters of the novel: Andrey Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov, - fictional characters, but having real prototypes, whose characters and fates are typical for the nobility of the first quarter of the 19th century. The life of the heroes who find themselves in the center of historical events that largely determined their fate is inextricably linked with the history of the country and is part of it. Turning to history, the writer sought to find answers to the most important questions of social development and the moral state of modern Russia.
All the characters of the epic novel are in a moral quest, in search of the meaning of life. Tolstoy does not hide his sympathy for the characters who express the so-called idea of "non-resistance to evil by violence", humility and acceptance of life as it is, awareness of oneself as a particle of the Russian people. The main exponent of these philosophical views in the novel is a simple soldier Platon Karataev.
In this novel, according to the memoirs of the writer's wife S.A. Tolstoy, Tolstoy loved "people's thought": the people are depicted in civilian life and in war as a driving force armies and partisan movement.
The novel ends with an epilogue in two parts. The first part shows the characters of the novel 7 years after the events Patriotic War of 1812 The second part is a historical and philosophical treatise, which expresses the writer's understanding of the driving forces of history, the philosophical categories of freedom and necessity. Tolstoy offers the reader his own historical concept, which does not coincide with the official one: believing that the general course of history is led by a higher divine principle, he completely denies the influence on the development of history of individuals and debunks the cult of Napoleon that existed in Russia for many years.
The novel "War and Peace" has been included in school ( cm.) programs in literature. Its heroes and events are well known and entered the cultural and historical memory of the people, especially some episodes (the first ball of Natasha Rostova, the thoughts of the wounded Andrei Bolkonsky on the Field of Austerlitz, the meeting of Pierre Bezukhov with Platon Karataev, etc.), as well as Tolstoy's philosophical reasoning about the course stories, about the war, about a man in the war.
Depicted in the novel Battle of Austerlitz 1805, Battle of Borodino ( cm.), the fire of Moscow in 1812, the expulsion of the remnants of the French army from Russia are the best artistic embodiment of these historical events in Russian literature. Paintings dedicated to the Patriotic War of 1812 are associated with them: panorama F. Roubaud"Battle of Borodino" (1911), "Episode from the War of 1812" THEM. Pryanishnikova(1874), "Council in Fili" HELL. Kivshenko(1880).
The novel has been filmed several times. One of the best film adaptations is the four-episode film "War and Peace" directed by S.F. Bondarchuk(1968).
Based on the novel "War and Peace", an opera of the same name was written S.S. Prokofiev(1942–1943).
Some quotes from the novel have become catchwords, such as the expression cudgel of the people's war became a figurative name for guerrilla warfare.
"The first ball of Natasha Rostova." Artist L.O. Parsnip. 1893:

"Pierre on the Rayevsky Battery". Artist D.A. Shmarinov. 1953:

Frame from the film "War and Peace". Battle of Borodino:

Frame from the film. Natasha Rostova - L. Savelyeva, Andrey Bolkonsky - V. Tikhonov:

Russia. Large linguo-cultural dictionary. - M .: State Institute of the Russian Language. A.S. Pushkin. AST-Press. T.N. Chernyavskaya, K.S. Miloslavskaya, E.G. Rostova, O.E. Frolova, V.I. Borisenko, Yu.A. Vyunov, V.P. Chudnov. 2007 .

See what "WAR AND PEACE" is in other dictionaries:

War and Peace- War and peace ... Wikipedia

War and Peace- War and peace Literary album. "War and Peace", a novel by gr. L. N. Tolstoy. Painting by P. O. Kovalsky, engraving. Schübler. Genre: epic romance

WAR AND PEACE- WAR AND PEACE, USSR, Mosfilm, 1965 67, color, 431 min. Movie novel. Based on the novel of the same name by L.N. Tolstoy. Now, perhaps, not everyone already remembers that the grandiose plan of Sergei Bondarchuk would hardly have been implemented if it were not for the wounded feeling ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia

"War and Peace"- WAR and PEACE, the first private. military monthly magazine published in 1906 (since March) and 1907. PC. cap. Alexander. military studied by V. T. Svistun Zhdanovich. According to the program, the magazine set itself the goal of serving each other. acquaintance and rapprochement of the army with ... ... Military Encyclopedia

"WAR AND PEACE"- Dramatization of the novel of the same name (1863 1869) by Leo Tolstoy (1828 1910). During Bulgakov's lifetime it was not staged or published. For the first time: Bulgakov M. Plays. M .: Soviet Writer, 1986. On the autograph of V. and M. Bulgakov wrote: ... ... Encyclopedia Bulgakov

War and Peace- Zharg. school Shuttle. iron. 1. School life. Bytic, 1991 2000; ShP, 2002. 2. Noise in the classroom. Maksimov, 67. 3. Behavior of students at recess. Maximov, 67 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

War and Peace (film, 1968)- War and peace Genre historical drama Director Sergei Bondarchuk Scriptwriter Sergei Bondarchuk Vasily Solovyov based on the novel ... Wikipedia

War and Peace (disambiguation)- War and Peace novel by Leo Tolstoy. War and Peace (opera) opera by Sergei Prokofiev based on the novel of the same name by L. Tolstoy. War and Peace (rock opera) rock opera by Nikolai Rybnikov based on the novel of the same name by L. Tolstoy, 2011. Screen adaptations ... Wikipedia

War and Peace (book)- War and Peace War and Peace Literary album. "War and Peace", a novel by gr. L. N. Tolstoy. Painting by P. O. Kovalsky, engraving. Schübler. Genre: epic romance

Test on the novel "War and Peace"

Part 1

determine the time when L.N. Tolstoy worked on the novel.

A) 1898-1910 c) 1863-1869

B) 1854-1861 d) 1865-1867

A) the novel "Resurrection" b) the story "Decembrists"

C) the story "Borodino field" d) the story "Cossacks"

3. what is the very first title of the novel?

A) "All's well that ends well" b) "Time of Troubles"

C) "1805" d) "Three pores"

4. Seven years of "continuous and exceptional labor, under the best conditions." Where did the author work on the novel?

A) Yasnaya Polyana b) Moscow

C) Petersburg d) Sevastopol

5. what character is not found in the original intentions of the novel?

A) Pyotr Ivanovich Labazov b) Count Nekhlyudov

C) General Volkonsky d) Prince Peter Kirillovich B.

6. What magazine at the beginning of 1865 published the first chapters of the future novel?

A) "Russian Messenger" b) "Contemporary"

C) "Polar Star" d) "Literary heritage"

7. What time period does the novel "War and Peace" cover?

A) the time of the period of preparation and conduct of the Decembrist uprising

B) Decembrist uprising

C) 1812-1825

D) 1805-1820

8. Tolstoy's novel takes place during the reign

A) Alexander II b) Alexander I

C) Nicholas II d) Catherine II

9. What is the meaning of the title of the novel?

A) the image of the scenes of the war of 1812 and the peaceful life of the heroes

B) reflects the multi-valued artistic idea of the work

C) “war” and “peace” are antonyms that reflect the basic principle of building a system of images

D) a story about military operations, followed by victory and peace

D) war and peace - two opposite understandings of life

10. The genre of a work can be defined as:

A) philosophical novel b) historical novel

B) a psychological novel

D) epic novel

Test on the novel "War and Peace"

Part 2

1. The system of images of the novel is polarized. What are the basic principles for dividing heroes into "favorite" and "unloved"?

A) role in history

B) simplicity and naturalness

C) the desire for self-improvement, for the realization of one's mistakes

D) the desire for self-assertion

D) true patriotism

2. What is the main principle of Tolstoy's psychologism?

A) the "iceberg principle" - secret psychologism

B) image of the change int. World of heroes in extreme situations

C) "dialectics of the soul", i.e. image ext. The human world in development

D) the image of the part as a reflection of the internal. The world of man

3. The characteristic features of high society in the novel are (find the odd):

A) extreme selfishness, careerism, greed

B) patriotism, pain for the fate of the Motherland

C) intrigue, secular slander

D) mental emptiness, hypocrisy and pretense

4. select the main qualities characterizing the Kuragin family:

A) selfishness and conceited self-confidence

B) close relationship with the people

C) openness and hospitality

D) lack of moral principles and moral traditions

D) love of neighbor, patriotism

E) intelligence and education

G) lack of family well-being

5. Why does Prince V. Kuragin come to the salon of A.P. Sherer first?

A) strive to get the latest news

B) wants to make an acquaintance with an emigrant viscount

C) tries to profitably attach his sons

D) looking for a rich bridegroom daughter

6. Name the children of Prince Vasily

A) Boris b) Anatole c) Julie d) Helen e) Hippolyte f) Marie

7. For what purpose does Vasily come to the house of the dying Count Bezukhov?

A) support Pierre

B) tries to keep up appearances

B) trying to destroy the will

D) wants to take care of the three princesses living in the house

8. according to a brief description, identify the representatives of the family:

A) restless fool

B) a quiet fool

B) soulless beauty

Light expression of a flat face

9. For marriage with which character, Prince Vasily “blessed” his daughter without a proposal:

A) Pierre Bezukhov

B) Nikolai Rostov

C) Andrei Bolkonsky

D) Boris Drubetskoy

10. Which of the heroines did the youngest son of Prince Vasily Kuragin woo?

A) Natasha Rostova

B) Maria Bolkonskaya

B) Julie Katargina

L. N. TOLSTOY

Exercise 1.

Years of the writer's life:

Task 2.

so he defined the genre of his work “Without false modesty, it is like the Iliad”. This genre:

1. Poem. 3.Epic.

2. Story. 4. Tale.

Task 3.

1. “Childhood. Adolescence. Youth".

2. "Childhood. Youth. My Universities.

Task 4.

What time period does War and Peace cover?

1. The time between the Great French Revolution and the fire of Moscow in the war of 1812.

2. The time of the period of preparation and conduct of the Decembrist uprising.

3. The period of the war years.

Task 5.

Who did D. Pisarev mean in the article "Old nobility":

1. Old Prince Bolkonsky.

2. Old Count Bezukhov.

Task 6.

The reactionary-feudal estate image of the Moscow aristocracy is clearly revealed in the episode:

1. Meeting with the king in the Sloboda Palace in Moscow.

2. Review of troops with the king before the battle of Shengraben.

3. Battle of Borodino.

Task 7.

Pseudopatriotism. Complete isolation from the people's environment is inherent in visitors and owners of living rooms:

1. . 2. Houses of the Rostovs. 3. Houses of princes Bolkonsky.

Task 8.

The characteristic features of high society are (find the odd one):

1.Ultimate selfishness, careerism, greed.

2. Patriotism, pain for the fate of the motherland.

3. Intrigue, secular slander.

4. Spiritual emptiness, hypocrisy and pretense.

Task 9.

The novel takes place during the reign of:

1. Alexander II. 3. Alexander I.

2. Nicholas II. 4. Catherine II.

Task 10.

1. At the ball.

2. During the arrival to the army after the defeat of Napoleon's invasion.

3. During the review before the Battle of Austerlitz.

Task 11.

The patriarchal Moscow nobility is represented in images (find the odd one):

1. Countess Bezukhova.

2. Daria Dmitrievna Akhrosimova.

3. The Rostov families.

Task 12.

On the example of which family in the novel he showed the atypicality, the rarity of family relationships:

1. The Bezukhov family. 2. The Bolkonsky family. 3. The Rostov family.

Task 13.

showed in the novel "War and Peace" two poles in the historical appearance of the peasantry of feudal Russia. Find a match:

1. The philosophy of fatalism, humility, humility, recognition of the legality of one's position.

2. Feeling of duty to the Motherland, rebellion, awareness of one's own importance.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/054/images/image002_73.gif" width="27" height="22"> Prince Tikhon's valet, Platon Karataev

Task 14.

Which more reflects the discontent of the serfs in the novel:

1. Monotonic increase.

2. Rise and fall, return to the previous level and stability of the situation.

Task 15.

The theme of “two nations” sounded brightly in the novel, showing the reader the true and “false” patriots of Russia. Find a match:

1. A. Kuragin, B. Drubetskoy. , Countess Bezukhova.

2. Tushin and Timokhin, A. Bolkonskoy, Tikhon Shcherbaty

True patriots. "False" patriots.

Task 16.

The dramatic path of spiritual development of which hero of the novel was typical for the advanced youth of the era of the formation of the Decembrists:

1. Anatoly Kuragin. 3. Nikolai Rostov.

2. Boris Drubetskoy. 4. Andrey Bolkonsky

Task 17.

The struggle of the spiritual with the sensual underlies the inner development:

1. Pierre Bezukhov 3. Boris Drubetskoy.

2. Anatoly Kuragin.

Task 18.

Which of the heroes of the novel, a typical representative of the first quarter of the 19th century, A. Herzen called "the rubbish of the Alexander generation":

1.A. Bolkonsky. 3. D. Dolokhova.

2.B. Drubetskoy.

Task 19.

Which of the events of 1812 was not an episode of the people's war:

1. Smolensk retreat.

2. Battle of Borodino.

3. Battle of Tarutino.

4. Partisan movement.

Task 20.

The epilogue is:

1. An additional element of the composition, separated from the main narrative and following after its completion.

2. An additional element of the composition preceding the tie.

3. A relatively short text placed by the author before the beginning of the work and designed to briefly express the main content or ideological meaning of the work following it.

Task 21.

After the war of 1812, a lot has changed, and in 1825 representatives of the Russian intelligentsia found themselves on opposite sides of the barricades. One of the heroes of the novel in the epilogue formulated the tasks of society in this way: “We are only so that Pugachev does not come to slaughter both my and your children and so that Arakcheev does not send me to a military settlement.” To whom do these words belong?

1. D. Dolokhov. 3. Nikolai Rostov.

2. Peru Bezukhov. 4. Denisov

Task 22.

Who owns the following portrait characteristics:

1. “... He was clumsy, fat, taller than usual, wide, with huge red hands, he, as they say, did not know how to enter the salon and even less knew how to get out of it ...”

2. "... There was a small stature, a very handsome young man with certain dry features ... with a tired, bored look."

https://pandia.ru/text/78/054/images/image005_50.gif" width="28" height="22"> Prince Bolkonsky Pierre

Task 23.

Who owns such contradictory, at first glance, statements about Napoleon:

"Napoleon is great because he rose above the revolution, suppressed its abuses, retained all that was good - both the equality of citizens, and freedom of speech and the press - and only because of this did he acquire power."

“How, by what connection he was connected with that great event that was predicted in the Apocalypse, he did not know, but he did not doubt this connection for a minute ... but he decided to put an end to the power of the Beast ... to end the misfortunes of Europe.”

1. A. Bolkonsky. 3. N. Rostov.

2. Denisov. 4.P. Bezukhov.

Task 24.

What war is the statement of Pierre Bezukhov about:

"If this was a war for freedom, I would understand, I would be the first to enlist, but ... against the greatest man in the world ... this is not good."

1. War of 1805. 3. War of 1812.

2. War of 1807 4. War of the Years.

Task 25

The general characterization of a hero is created in many ways, one of which is an outsider's opinion. According to the given characteristics of the heroes of the novel, determine to whom they are all addressed.

: "I hope that no one will accept him here, despite his wealth."

Princess Mary: "It seemed to me that he always had a beautiful heart."

Prince Andrei: “You are dear to me, precisely because you are the only living person among our whole world.”

1. Petr Kirillovich Bezukhov. 3.Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.

2. Andrey Nikolaevich Bolkonsky. 4. Nikolai Ilyich Rostov.

Task 26.

What is happiness? The heroes of the novel understand it in their own way. Determine who owns the following statements:

1. "The absence of suffering, the satisfaction of needs and, as a result, the freedom to choose occupations, that is, a way of life."

2. “... It occurred to him that he was destined to lead the Russian army out of this situation, that here he was. That Toulon. Who will lead unknown officers out of the ranks and open the first path to glory for him.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/054/images/image005_50.gif" width="28" height="22"> Pierre Bezukhov Prince Bolkonsky

Task 27.

Prince Andrei excitedly thinks about his personal glory: “But where is it? How will my Toulon be expressed? In which episode do you think the hero is trying to realize his dreams of fame:

1. He did not avoid danger, "walking over the bodies and under the terrible fire of the French", helped the forgotten captain Tushin and paid tribute to him as the hero of the day.

2. On the night before the general battle, he felt the approach of his Toulon, in his dreams he imagined fantastic successes, brilliant decisions that he makes and which bring the salvation of the army, and glory to him ...

Task 28.

During what battle did the meeting between Prince Andrei and Napoleon take place, which was of great importance in the fate of the hero:

“He knew that Napoleon was his hero, but at that moment Napoleon seemed to him such a small, insignificant person in comparison with what was now happening between his soul and this high, endless sky with clouds running across it.”

1. Battle of Austerlitz. 3. Battle of Borodino.

2. Battle of Shengraben. 4. Krasnensky battle.

Task 29.

According to the given portrait characteristics, determine to whom they belong:

1. “The whole figure was round, head ... back, chest, shoulders, even the arms that he wore. As always going to hug something, were round; a pleasant smile and large tender eyes were round", he "must have been over fifty years old."

2. “The whole plump, short figure with broad thick shoulders and an involuntarily protruding belly and chest had that representative, portly appearance that forty-year-old people living in the hall have.”

https://pandia.ru/text/78/054/images/image005_50.gif" width="28" height="22"> Napoleon. Platon Karataev.

Task 30.

Which of the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" will not set foot on Senate Square, according to their beliefs:

"A secret society - hostile and harmful, which can only give rise to evil ... duty and oath above all." “Tell me now Arakcheev to go at you with a squadron and cut down - I won’t think for a second and go.”

1. Pierre Bezukhov. 3. A. Bolkonsky.

2. N. Rostov 4. Denisov.

Answers to the text: