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What does it mean to live for Mtsyri (The meaning of life Mtsyri) composition. There is only one homeland “Mtsyri What does homeland mean for mtsyri

What does it mean to "live" for Mtsyri. One of the characteristic and important features of the works of romantic literature is the tendency towards fragmentation. The author of a romantic work chooses one, the brightest, episode from the hero's life. But this episode is presented and portrayed by the author in such a way that it reveals the whole life of the hero. In the romantic poem "Mtsyri" M. Yu. Lermontov spoke about the unusual and tragic fate of a highlander boy. The center of this story is one of the brightest events of his life.

The composition of the poem is built from several parts of different volume. Each of them has a different narrator. A short introduction on behalf of the author introduces the reader to the old monastery and how a little boy once ended up here, how he grew up and was ready to take a “monastic vow”. But the main content of the poem is revealed in the second, which is devoted to the description of the young man's escape and his short life in the forest. The narrator is the hero himself, the narration is conducted on his behalf and includes the confession of Mtsyri.

Both parts cover different periods of time. The introduction tells about the long years spent by the boy in the monastery, and the confession speaks of only three days in the life of the hero. But these three days are of greater value to Mtsyra than previous years, and therefore their description occupies a central place in the poem. Why is it so? Because for Mtsyri, life is divided into two periods: the time of simple physical existence and the time of real life. The real life of Mtsyri stopped from the very moment he became a prisoner and was abandoned in a strange village. He cannot live in a foreign land, his spirit has weakened, and it is easier for a boy to die than to eke out an existence away from his relatives. Miraculously left to live, the hero continues only physical existence, it seems that he lives only externally, and his soul has died. Captivity and foreign land, as it were, killed a person in him. Mtsyri does not have fun with the guys, does not talk to anyone, spends time alone. He does not live a full life, but slowly dies.

But the situation is reversed when the hero escapes from the monastery and becomes free. Telling the old monk about his life in the wild, he utters these words: “Do you want to know what I did in the wild? Lived ... ". It turns out that the hero really lived with all his heart and soul for only three days. But these three days mean much more to him, because this is the time when he feels free. He left the painful captivity, his chest greedily absorbs free air, he considers nature and its inhabitants to be his home. Only here, among wild forests and noisy mountain streams, the soul of a young man is revealed. Forces, impulses, dreams laid down from childhood wake up in it. It turns out that the memories of his father's house have not been erased from Mtsyri's memory, and from the age of six he keeps and cherishes them in his heart. They have not faded at all, but are still alive. The image of cute rocks and mountain peaks attracts the hero to his homeland, to the place where he can truly live.

Life for Mtsyra is not a simple vegetation, but continuous movement, wind in the face and danger, it is a constant change of feelings and struggle. That is why a storm and a thunderstorm, a steep cliff and a wild beast do not frighten him, but, on the contrary, awaken in him a thirst for life, a desire for victory, for achieving a dream.

For Mtsyri, “life” is, first of all, spiritual life in harmony with nature, it is a feeling of deep inner unity with the world. And perhaps this is at home, without trying to see which he could not exist. For one moment of meeting with the fatherland, the hero is ready to give all the years allotted to him. After a failed escape, the hero says to the black man: “Alas! - in a few minutes between the steep and dark rocks, where I played as a child, I would have exchanged heaven and eternity.

To live for a romantic hero means to perceive the world around you very subtly and poetically, to feel your unity with it. It is always to strive for freedom and not tolerate any captivity and oppression. This is a constant struggle for the right to defend the value and significance of your spiritually rich inner world. This is unconditional love for one's country.

8G class. DZ in literature (Lermontov "Mtsyri")

1) Read:

1. a textbook article about Lermontov (p. 247 - 249);

2. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" (p. 250 - 268)

3. support material (below)

. "Mtsyri". Development of the literary tradition of the romantic poem.

Romantic hero and romantic conflict.

The poet began working on the poem "Mtsyri" in 1837.

Lermontov was exiled by the tsar to the Caucasus. From the history course, you know that the tsarist government waged a long war with the highlanders. Lermontov fought in the most remote and dangerous point of the Caucasian line. But he not only fought, he admired the mountain landscapes of the Caucasus, the history of the proud mountain people.

When contemplating the beautiful mountain views of the Caucasus, its cathedrals and monasteries, the past came to life in Lermontov's imagination. Impressions from the Mtskheta Cathedral were reflected in the poem "Mtsyri".

First of all, the unusual title of the poem attracts attention. "Mtsyri" translated from Georgian - non-serving monk, stranger, outlander, outsider.

Mtsyri is a “natural person”, living not according to the far-fetched laws of the state, which suppress human freedom, but according to the natural laws of nature, which allow a person to open up, to realize his aspirations. But the hero is forced to live in captivity, within the walls of a monastery alien to him.

At the core of the story - a real story about a mountain boy brought to the monastery by a Russian officer and remained in it until the end of his days. Lermontov changed the ending of the story about the fate of the monk.

The main hero of Lermontov's poem is a dying young man who "I lived a little, and lived in captivity". All his life (short, short) he was seized by a yearning for freedom, a desire for freedom, which was all the more irresistible because he languished not just in captivity, but in a monastery - a stronghold of spiritual unfreedom (the monks (monks) voluntarily renounced all the joys of life) . And although the monks took pity on him, took care of him, existence in The "guardian walls" of the monastery turned out to be unbearable for him.

Plot and composition

The poem "Mtsyri" is a romantic work. Its plot is simple: it is the story of the short life of a young boy, a novice in a Georgian monastery. Brought to this monastery by a seriously ill prisoner, he was left in the care of the monks by a Russian general. After recovering after some time, he gradually “got used to captivity”, “was baptized by the holy father” and “already wanted to utter a monastic vow in the prime of his life”, when he suddenly decided to escape on one of the rainy autumn nights. Trying to return to his native country, from which he was torn out as a child, Mtsyri wanders in the forest for three days. Having killed a leopard in the battle, seriously wounded, Mtsyri was found by the monks "in the steppe without feelings" and returned to the monastery. But the plot of the poem is not made up of these external facts of the life of the protagonist, but of his experiences.

The composition of the work is original: the poem consists of an introduction, a short story by the author about the life of the hero and the confession of the hero, and the order of events in the presentation is changed.

The story begins with a short introduction, where the author draws a view of an abandoned monastery.

A small 2nd chapter tells about Mtsyri's past: how he got into the monastery, that he escaped and was soon found dying.

The remaining 24 chapters are a monologue-confession of the hero. Mtsyri tells about those “three blessed days” that he spent in the wild, to the black man.

Form of confession allows the author to reveal the inner world of his hero, because the main task of the writer is not so much to show the events of the hero’s life as reveal his inner world. The old man silently listens to the fugitive, and this allows the reader to see everything that happens to the hero exclusively through the eyes of the hero himself.

In the center of the poem is the image of an unfortunate young man who has fallen into an unfamiliar and alien world. It is not intended for monastic life. In the 3rd, 4th and 5th chapters, the young man talks about his life in the monastery and opens his soul: it turns out that humility with captivity was apparent, but in fact he “knew only one thought power, One - but a fiery passion: she, like a worm, "lived in him," gnawed his soul and burned it. She called his dreams "From stuffy cells and prayers To that wonderful world of worries and battles, Where rocks hide in the clouds, Where people are free like eagles." His only desire is to be free, to know life with all its joys and sorrows, to love, to suffer.

In the 6th and 7th chapters, the fugitive talks about what he saw "in the wild." The world of the majestic Caucasian nature, which opened before the young man, contrasts sharply with the view of the gloomy monastery. Here the hero is so immersed in memories that he forgets about himself, says nothing about his feelings. The words with which he paints pictures of nature characterize him as a whole, fiery nature:

From the 8th chapter begins the story of a three-day wandering. The sequence of events is no longer broken, the reader moves step by step with the hero, experiences with him. Mtsyri tells about a meeting with a young Georgian woman, about how he lost his way, about a battle with a leopard.

Chapters 25 and 26 - Mtsyri's farewell and his will. Having understood during his wanderings that “there will never be a trace to the homeland,” the novice is ready to die. Those three days that he spent in the wild became the most vivid memory in the life of a young man. Death for him is deliverance from the prison-monastery. The only thing the hero regrets is that his “cold and dumb corpse Will not smolder in his native land, And the story of bitter torment” will not call him between the deaf walls, Attention mournful draw to the dark name of him. Therefore, he asks the elder to bury him in the garden, from where the Caucasus is visible. His thoughts even before his death are about the Motherland.

All the features of the plot and composition of the poem "Mtsyri" allow the reader to focus on the character of the protagonist.

The role of the lyrical monologue.

Monologue Mtsyri wears nature of confession. And this not even a monologue, but a dialogue-argument(although we never hear the words of Mtsyra's interlocutor).

What is the young man arguing with his confessor about? What does it reject? What does he claim?

This dispute is clash of opposing views on life, clash of worldviews.

On the one side – humility, passivity, fear of shocks, rejection of earthly joys and miserable hopes for heavenly paradise.

On the other side – thirst for storm, anxiety, battle, struggle, passion for freedom, deeply poetic perception of nature and beauty, protest against spiritual slavery.

What does it mean for Mtsyri to live?

What did Mtsyri see in the wild?

Monologue, confession of Mtsyri not in the nature of repentance, the hero is less inclined to talk about the sinfulness of his thoughts and deeds, to beg forgiveness from the Almighty for them. Mtsyra's monologue is not a confession in the church sense, but rather a sermon of freedom.

Defending his rights to freedom and happiness, he denies the very foundations of religious morality and monastic existence.. Not "stuffy cells and prayers", A "wonderful world of worries and battles" not loneliness in "dark walls", A "fatherland, home, friends, relatives", communication with close and lovely people.

Mtsyra's thoughts are rushing to the country of fathers, a land of abundance, luxurious, free nature, wise, proud, warlike people united by friendship and military brotherhood. The thoughts and desires of the hero are lofty and disinterested.

The atmosphere of slavish humility, self-humiliation and humility is alien to his fiery, rebellious, inquisitive nature. He wants to get to the very core of life..

Find out if the earth is beautiful

Find out for freedom or prison

We will be born into this world.

Landscape and its functions.

- How does Mtsyri see nature in the wild?

Mtsyri in his story chooses the most impressive pictures of Caucasian nature, helping to understand his feelings and experiences at that moment.

The young man faced not only the beauty of the world around him, but also the terrible and ugly in it, nature was not only favorable, but also ruthless to him y.

At the beginning of the poem nature is depicted in bright colors (chapter 6 ). Nature (before meeting with a Georgian - chapter 11 ) filled with bliss and a premonition of happiness, love.

At the end his story the valley appears as a scorched desert (chapter 22) .

And yet Mtsyri established himself in the idea that the world is beautiful. The power and grandeur of the Caucasian nature corresponded to the spiritual strength of the hero, his love of freedom and fiery feeling.

Analysis of the episode "Meeting with the leopard".

How do we see Mtsyri in this battle?

The episode of the meeting with the leopard - a hymn to strength, courage, resistance to hostile circumstances.

... with a triumphant enemy

he met death face to face,

How does a fighter follow in battle?

And these lines are not only about the dead leopard. It's also proud "collecting the rest of the forces", boldly looking death in the face, Mtsyri himself dies.

How could the episode “Fight with the Leopard” attract different artists?

Examination of illustrations by Konstantinov and Favorsky?

- Why did Belinsky call Mtsyri "Lermontov's favorite ideal"?

Belinsky said that Mtsyri is Lermontov's favorite ideal, What is this "reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality".

It is hard for a young man to say goodbye to life. He bitterly blames himself for his inability to achieve the desired freedom.. The final mournful lines of the poem resonate with pain in the hearts of readers.

But, physically broken (“the prison has left its seal on me…”), the hero discovers tremendous fortitude, until the last moments he remains true to his ideal. Any thought of heavenly harmony is alien to him:

Alas, in a few minutes

Between steep and dark rocks,

Where I played as a child

I would trade heaven and eternity...

Dying but not conquered, he is a symbol of courage and will.

The poem "Mtsyri" sings of the beauty of a feat in the name of freedom, the strength that a person's purposefulness gives.

The meaning of the epigraphrebellion against fate, rebelliousness, protection of the natural rights of a person who is worthy of freedom and happiness.

- So what is this poem about?

Meaning of the poem broader (not only against religious morality, dogma).

Advanced people, the poet's contemporaries, and the poet himself, felt in Nicholas Russia, as in a prison, a dungeon. Hence the motives of captivity, which are merged with the motives of yearning for freedom, striving for struggle, freedom.

The meaning of the poemLermontov - to glorify the power of will, courage, rebellion and struggle, to whatever tragic results they may lead.

What is the feeling after reading the poem?

Answer the textbook questions(pp. 268-269).

You lived, old man!
You have something in the world to forget
You lived - I could also live!

With these fiery words, Mtsyri addresses the monk listening to him at the beginning of his confession. In his speech there is both a bitter reproach to the one who, albeit unconsciously, deprived him of the best part of life, and a heavy awareness of his own loss. These words are spoken on the deathbed, and the hero will never again have to taste real life. But what does it mean to live for Mtsyri?

To answer this question, let's first look at the composition of the poem "Mtsyri". The poem is divided by the author into two unequal parts. One, occupying the entire page in terms of volume, tells about the life of Mtsyri in the monastery, while the rest of the lines of the poem are completely devoted to Mtsyri's escape from the monastery. With this compositional device, Lermontov emphasizes an important idea: Mtsyri's life in the monastery was not life at all, it was a simple physical existence. There is nothing to write about this time, because it is monotonous and boring. Mtsyri himself understands that he does not live, but simply slowly goes to death. In the monastery, everyone has “weaned from desires”, not only human feelings do not penetrate here, but even a simple ray of the sun. “I will die a slave and an orphan” - this is what fate awaits Mtsyri in the monastery, and realizing this, he decides to run away.

The real life of Mtsyri stopped at the moment when he, still a very young boy, was taken away from his native village, and then continued again - for three days of escape. Three days of freedom, to which an entire poem is dedicated! To live free, in accordance with your dreams and desires (and Mtsyri strives to get home, to his homeland), to breathe free air - this is what it means to live for the hero Mtsyri and for his author.

Real life is always fraught with risk and requires constant struggle for it - this motif begins to sound in the poem from the moment Mtsyra leaves the monastery walls. Mtsyri escapes into a stormy night, when all the monks, frightened by a thunderstorm, “lie down at the altar” and forget about their pupil. The hero is not afraid of a thunderstorm, on the contrary, it delights him with its unbridled power, awakens in him a long-forgotten sense of life. Here is how he himself says about it:

- I ran. Oh I'm like a brother
I would be happy to embrace the storm!
With the eyes of the clouds I followed
I caught lightning with my hand ...

And in these lines there is an undisguised admiration for the beauty and power of nature that opened before him.

The risk awakens in Mtsyri the realization of his youth and strength, which vegetated uselessly in the monastery. Going down to the menacingly seething stream, clinging to branches and stones, is just a pleasant exercise for a young man. A real feat, a battle with a leopard, awaits him ahead. For Lermontov, this particular episode of the poem was very important. The poet drew inspiration for him from the old Georgian songs about the duel of a young man with a tiger. Later, critics accused the poet of violating authenticity: snow leopards are not found in the Caucasus, and Mtsyri simply could not meet the beast. But Lermontov goes to the violation of natural authenticity for the sake of preserving artistic truth. In the clash of two completely free, beautiful minds of nature, the reader opens up the face of true life in the Caucasus, life free, cheerful and not subject to any laws. Let's pay attention to how the beast is described in the poem:

"... raw bone
He gnawed and squealed merrily;
That bloody gaze directed,
Wagging your tail gently
For a full month - and on it
The wool shimmered with silver.

“Cheerfully”, “affectionately” - not the slightest fear or discontent does not sound in the words of Mtsyri, he admires his opponent and recognizes him as his equal. He rejoices in the upcoming battle, in which he can show his courage, prove that in his homeland he would be "not one of the last daring ones." Freedom and mutual respect not only for man, but also for nature - this is exactly what real life should be like. And how different it is from monastic life, where a person is called "God's servant!"

It is not surprising after all this that Mtsyri, once again returned to the monastery, cannot live. Now he clearly understands the difference between life here and life in the wild, and his death is a kind of protest.

The grave does not scare me:
There, they say, suffering sleeps
In cold eternal silence;
But I'm sorry to part with my life.
I'm young, young...

How much despair and insane thirst for life, young, still unspent life in these words! But not every life is valuable, some life is worse than death, - Lermontov tells us about this.

Mtsyri dies, fixing his eyes on the Caucasus Mountains, on his distant homeland. There, in the village, where his sisters sang and his father sharpened weapons, where in the evenings old people gathered at their homes, there remained his unlived life, his real destiny. After death, he will be released from captivity, and his soul will fly to where it longed. Perhaps it was then that his real life would begin - such a hope, clearly sounding in the last lines of the poem, Lermontov leaves to the reader.

Artwork test

For Mtsyra (the hero of Lermontov), all life, I think, is freedom. For him, she is the main thing.

From early childhood, he was almost captured - in the monastery. It's even stricter. There are no prisoners or captives around who are also striving to break free. No one to make escape plans with, no one to talk to about what is important to you. On the other hand, there are no enemies. Meek monks are hard to hate! The freedom-loving Mtsyri could not talk with them about freedom, because they simply did not understand him. The monks themselves renounce their will, they themselves come to be tonsured. It is hard for them to live in the world... Young Mtsyri is quite another matter.

The poem shows how he always admired the wild nature. I looked with admiration at the high mountains, at the free clouds, inhaled the smells of freedom. He dreamed about her and had dreams. He had an option to accept, to forget about his dream, but for him it was absolutely impossible.

For the sake of this freedom, he escaped from the monastery, he betrayed the people who saved his life and, in principle, always wished him only the best. He risked his life... Although he did not know how to use this freedom. Yes, in pursuit of her, he got lost in the forest, starved, was wounded by a predator. He was excited by the image of a beautiful girl, but the beauty did not become his goal. And in the end, unfortunately, he was so exhausted that the same monks again saved him. Unsuccessful this time. But before he died, he was happy because of those short free days.

That is why I believe that the main thing in life, dearer than life itself, for Mtsyra was will. Not love (it just began to emerge in his heart), not wealth (not at all), not security, not fame, not the Motherland ... Mtsyri is a very romantic hero, but not in the pink light of love, but in the light of love for freedom. A real hero! But he was a little unprepared to endure this very will. However, he strove for her for so long, waited so much that she became his passion - she blinded him. So he did not see the danger ... So with any dream you need to be very careful.

Composition The meaning of life Mtsyri

From the beginning of the work, Mtsyri turns to an old man who lived for many years and saw a lot of things, and after all, a young man could also know all this life, but it’s not given, he is a prisoner, his fate is sealed.

In his words there is resentment, bitterness towards the one who unconsciously, but deprives him of his life, and this understanding is not easy for the hero. After all, his thoughts occur when he is near death and he no longer has a chance to know what life is.

But what does it mean for the youngest person?

And in order to answer this question, you must first consider how this work is composed. It is divided into two different parts. The first part occupies only a page, telling about the fate of this character and the monastery. The second part is full of events of how he escapes from this place of residence.

Thus, the author highlights the main idea: the life of a young man in a monastery is not considered at all, it is just a physiological being. There is no need to talk about it much, because it has no colors, it is not interesting. The young man himself realizes that he does not live, but exists.

In the monastery, people do not have any goals, dreams, there are no feelings here, there is not even sun and warmth here. Therefore, Mtsyri runs from there, runs, wanting to find his "I" for himself.

The true life of a young man ended when he, being quite tiny, got from his native place to the monastery, and then began again when he fled from it. Only three days. Three days of freedom, and this is mentioned in the work. To be free, that's his dream, that's his wish! He wants to return to his homeland, he wants to breathe freely and at ease - this is his real life!

But this life cannot be without risks, and an eternal struggle takes place here - this manifests itself when a young man leaves the walls of the monastery. He runs from the place where he has been for so long, runs to his freedom and does this when it is raining heavily. Rain with thunder.

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One of the characteristic and important features of the works of romantic literature is the tendency towards fragmentation. The author of a romantic work chooses one, the brightest, episode from the hero's life. But this episode is presented and portrayed by the author in such a way that it reveals the whole life of the hero. In the romantic poem "Mtsyri" M. Yu. Lermontov spoke about the unusual and tragic fate of a highlander boy. The center of this story is one of the brightest events of his life.

The real life of Mtsyri stopped from the very moment he became a prisoner and was abandoned in a strange village. He cannot live in a foreign land, his spirit has weakened, and it is easier for a boy to die than to eke out an existence away from his relatives. Miraculously left to live, the hero continues only physical existence, it seems that he lives only externally, and his soul has died. Captivity and foreign land, as it were, killed a person in him. Mtsyri does not have fun with the guys, does not talk to anyone, spends time alone. He does not live a full life, but slowly dies.

Only here, among wild forests and noisy mountain streams, the soul of a young man is revealed. Forces, impulses, dreams laid down from childhood wake up in it. It turns out that the memories of his father's house have not been erased from Mtsyri's memory, and from the age of six he keeps and cherishes them in his heart. They have not faded at all, but are still alive. The image of cute rocks and mountain peaks attracts the hero to his homeland, to the place where he can truly live.

To live for a romantic hero means to perceive the world around you very subtly and poetically, to feel your unity with it. It is always to strive for freedom and not tolerate any captivity and oppression. This is a constant struggle for the right to defend the value and significance of one's spiritually rich inner world. This is unconditional love for one's country.

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