The work of Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov title. Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich - biography

Composition

Written by Griboyedov in 1814-1817. the plays The Young Spouses and Feigned Infidelity (in collaboration with A. A. Zhandre) are a typical example of traditional secular comedy. Feigned Infidelity (a free translation of a one-act comedy by the 18th century French playwright Barthes) tells how two sisters decided to teach their lovers a lesson: one for coldness, the other for jealousy. They write love letters to the third hero - a secular veil who loves to brag about his victories. Both lovers find out about these letters and are indignant. But in the future, the truth is restored, and both couples are combined in a happy marriage. Although the characters have Russian names, there was no hint of real Russian reality here. Conventionality and traditionalism are the characteristic features of this play. Love intrigue is the main content of both comedies, remarkable only for their harmonious composition, light and elegant style, flexibility and harmony of verse.

In the comedy "Own Family, or A Married Bride" (1817), written by A. Shakhovsky, Griboyedov owns an excerpt in which realistic elements and everyday color are noticeable, associated with the depiction of provincial noble life in the play. In 1817, Griboyedov, together with Katenin, wrote the comedy The Student, in which the future realist-satirist is already felt. It depicts a swaggering lordly environment and selfish mores (the image of Zvezdov). In this regard, "Student" is already adjacent to the third direction in drama: the satirical comedies of I. A. Krylov. The play contains a number of attacks against the literary opponents of the authors. Addressing the landowner Zvezdova, the hero of the comedy, the narrow-minded student Benevolsky, says in the style of Karamzin's lyrics: “... I myself have a heart; laws condemn you, but what law is holier than love?” Griboedov and Katenin parodied the sentimental-romantic images and style of Zhukovsky's early poetry with Benevolsky's own poem "Be friends, oh friend, with a dream." During the life of the playwrights, the play was not staged.

All these early dramatic experiences, as well as the general level of the then comedy repertoire, did not satisfy Griboyedov. Informing Katenin in October 1817 that Shakhovskoy had written a new creation, Empty Houses, Alexander Sergeevich ridicules the traditional solution to the comedy conflict, the conventionality and emptiness of the content of this play: they leave for the village with the princess, the uncle and aunt explain the moral purpose of everything that happened. Masha and Vanka are shamed, they want - they are ashamed, they want - no, Tsaplin is in the police, Inquartus and many others are fools, the audience will be among them, I think ... ". Griboyedov also turned to the genre of vaudeville, which was then in vogue, which Griboyedov notes in Repetilov's monologue in Woe from Wit. At the end of 1823, Griboedov, together with Vyazemsky, wrote the vaudeville "Who is a brother, who is a sister, or Deception after deception." The vaudeville staged on the stage in 1824 did not have much success, but Woe from Wit also contains vaudeville motifs and situations.

Being critical of the then repertoire, Griboedov shared the views of the literary circles associated with the Decembrists, who sought to create a lofty, civic-accusatory and at the same time nationally distinctive comedy that castigated serf society. It is no coincidence that A. Ulybyshev, one of the members of the Green Lamp literary society, in his political utopia The Dream (1819), sharply speaking out against the imitation of foreign literature, paints such a picture of the near future of Russian literature, in particular comedy. “Great events, having broken our shackles, elevated us to the first place among the peoples of Europe and also revived the almost extinguished spark of our national genius. They began to open the fruitful and almost untouched vein of our ancient folk literature, and soon a poetic fire flared up from it, which still burns with such brilliance in our epics and tragedies. Morals, taking on more and more characteristic traits that distinguish free peoples, have given rise to good comedy, original comedy. Our press is no longer concerned with repeating and increasing the useless quantity of these translations of French plays, which are obsolete even among the people for whom they were composed. So, only moving away from foreigners, following the example of the writers of all countries who created their own national literature, we were able to catch up with them ... "

The idea of ​​"Woe from Wit", apparently, came from Griboedov in 1816. Begichev points out that "the plan for this comedy was made by him back in St. Petersburg in 1816, and several scenes were even written; but I don’t know, in Persia or in Georgia, Griboyedov changed him in many ways and destroyed some of the characters, and, by the way, Famusov’s wife, a sentimental fashionista and a Moscow aristocrat… and at the same time the scenes already written were thrown out. Obviously, the details of the content of the comedy and the form of the play were not immediately determined by Griboyedov. His own account of early design differs substantially from Begichev's account. “The first outline of this stage poem, as he was born in me, was much more magnificent and of higher significance than now in the vain outfit in which I was forced to dress him,” he wrote.

This sublime idea and the very definition of it as a "stage poem" was compared with Goethe's Faust, which combined elements of both drama and poems. We think that Griboyedov planned to create a work similar in genre originality to his plans for poetic tragedies about Lomonosov and 1812. The last theme undoubtedly excited Griboyedov's poetic imagination much earlier than those years when, having finished Woe from Wit, he began to develop a plan for the tragedy. It is possible that the stage poem was supposed to cover the theme of 1812, the fate of Moscow, and the theme of Chatsky. Indeed, in Woe from Wit they merge, but already in a lyrical and dramatic plan, and the year 1812 becomes, as it were, the historical background and the historical source of everything that happens in comedy.

In the next three years, Griboyedov hatched his idea and from time to time began to write a comedy. In February 1819, addressing Begichev, he notes: “I am no longer a lazy servant of the Muses. I am writing, my friend, I am writing, I am writing, the only pity is that there is no one to read it. Presumably, it was about "Woe from Wit." It is also known that in the autumn of the same year, while traveling from Mozdok to Tiflis, Griboyedov read excerpts to his travel companion, a young officer, Prince D. O. Bebutov. “In the course of these days,” writes Bebutov, “Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov arrived from Grozny. He was with Alexei Petrovich Yermolov, who at that time was on an expedition in Chechnya, and was returning to Tiflis; I got to know him. Griboyedov brought me information about my brother Vasily, who was on the same expedition. So, we traveled together from Mozdok to Tiflis and got to know each other briefly. He read a lot of his poems to me, including, by the way, from Woe from Wit, which he still had in the project at that time.

In March 1823 Griboedov went to Moscow. As E. P. Sokovnina, Begichev’s niece, recalls, in Moscow the writer “continued to finish his comedy Woe from Wit” and, in order to more accurately capture all the shades of Moscow society, went to dinners and balls, to which there was never a hunter, and then retired to all day long in his office.

The end of the summer of 1823, Griboyedov spent in the Tula estate of Begichev, where he finished, basically, his comedy. “The last acts of “Woe from Wit” were written in my garden, in the gazebo,” Begichev says about the creative work of the playwright. “He got up at that time almost with the sun; came to us at dinner and seldom stayed with us long after dinner, but almost always left soon and came back for tea. He spent the evening with us and read the scenes he wrote. We have always looked forward to this time.”

A.S. Griboyedov is a famous Russian playwright, a brilliant publicist, a successful diplomat, one of the smartest people of his time. He entered as the author of one work - the comedy "Woe from Wit". However, Alexander Sergeevich's work is not limited to writing the famous play. Everything that this man undertook bears the imprint of a unique giftedness. His fate was adorned with extraordinary events. The life and work of Griboedov will be briefly outlined in this article.

Childhood

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich was born in 1795, on January 4, in the city of Moscow. He was brought up in a wealthy and well-born family. His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired second major at the time of the boy's birth. Alexander's mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, bore the same maiden name as her married one, Griboedova. The future writer grew up as an unusually developed child. At the age of six, he already knew three foreign languages. In his youth, he became fluent in Italian, German, French and English. (Ancient Greek and Latin) were also an open book to him. In 1803, the boy was sent to a noble boarding school at Moscow University, where he spent three years.

Youth

In 1806, Alexander Sergeevich entered Moscow University. Two years later he became a candidate of verbal sciences. However, Griboyedov, whose life and work are described in this article, did not leave his studies. He entered first the moral and political department, and then - the physics and mathematics. The brilliant abilities of the young man were obvious to everyone. He could have made a great career in science or in the diplomatic field, but war suddenly burst into his life.

Military service

In 1812, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for the Moscow Hussar Regiment, commanded by Petr Ivanovich Saltykov. Colleagues of the young man were young cornets from the most famous noble families. Until 1815, the writer was in military service. His first literary experiments date back to 1814. Griboedov's work began with the essay "On Cavalry Reserves", the comedy "Young Spouses" and "Letters from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher".

in the capital

In 1816 Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov retired. The life and work of the writer began to develop according to a completely different scenario. He met A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker, became the founder of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien" and got a job in the diplomatic service as a provincial secretary. In the period from 1815 to 1817, Alexander Sergeevich, in collaboration with friends, created several comedies: Student, Feigned Infidelity, His Family or Married Bride. Griboyedov's work is not limited to dramatic experiments. He writes critical articles ("About the analysis of a free translation of the Burger's ballad "Lenora") and composes poetry ("Lubochny Theatre").

On South

In 1818, Alexander Sergeevich refused to work as an official in the United States and was appointed secretary to the tsar's attorney in Persia. Before the trip to Tehran, the playwright finished work on the play "Interlude Samples". Griboyedov, whose work was only gaining popularity, began to keep travel diaries on the way to Tiflis. These recordings revealed another facet of the writer's sparkling talent. He was an original author of ironic travel notes. In 1819, Griboyedov's work was enriched with the poem "Forgive, Fatherland." Around the same time, he was finishing work on "Letter to the publisher from Tiflis dated January 21". Diplomatic activity in Persia weighed heavily on Alexander Sergeevich, and in 1821, for health reasons, he moved to Georgia. Here he became close with Kuchelbecker and made the first drafts of the comedy Woe from Wit. In 1822, Griboyedov began work on the drama "1812".

metropolitan life

In 1823, Alexander Sergeevich managed to leave the diplomatic service for a while. He devoted his life to creating continued work on "Woe from Wit", composed the poem "David", the dramatic scene "Youth of the Prophet" and the cheerful vaudeville "Who is brother, who is sister or Deception after deception". Griboyedov's work, briefly described in this article, was not limited to literary activity. In 1823, the first edition of his popular waltz "e-moll" was published. In addition, Alexander Sergeevich published discussion notes in the Desiderata magazine. Here he argues with his contemporaries on issues of Russian literature, history and geography.

"Woe from Wit"

In 1824 a great event took place in the history of Russian drama. Finished work on the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedov. The work of this talented person will forever remain in the memory of posterity precisely because of this work. The bright and aphoristic style of the play contributed to the fact that it completely "dispersed into quotations."

The comedy combines elements of classicism and innovative for that time realism and romanticism. The merciless satire on the capital's aristocratic society in the first half of the 19th century was striking in its wit. However, the comedy "Woe from Wit" was unconditionally accepted by the Russian public. From now on, everyone recognized and appreciated the literary work of Griboyedov. The play briefly described cannot give a full idea of ​​the genius of this immortal work.

Back to the Caucasus

In 1825, Alexander Sergeevich had to abandon his intention to travel to Europe. The writer needed to return to the service, and at the end of May he went to the Caucasus. There he learned Persian, Georgian, Turkish and Arabic. On the eve of his trip to the south, Griboyedov finished translating the fragment "Prologue at the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust". He also managed to compile notes for the work of D.I. Tsikulin "Unusual adventures and travels ...". On the way to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich visited Kyiv, where he talked with prominent figures of the revolutionary underground: S.P. Trubetskoy, M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. After that, Griboyedov spent some time in the Crimea. Creativity, briefly presented in this article, has received a new development these days. The writer conceived the creation of an epic tragedy about Baptism in Rus' and constantly kept a travel diary, which was published only thirty years after the death of the author.

sudden arrest

After returning to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich wrote "Predators on Chegem" - a poem created under the impression of participation in the expedition of A.A. Velyaminov. However, another fateful event soon happened in the life of a writer. In 1926, in January, he was arrested on suspicion of belonging to a secret society of Decembrists. The freedom, life and work of Griboyedov were under threat. A brief biography of the writer gives an understanding of the incredible tension he was in all these days. The investigation failed to find evidence of Alexander Sergeevich's involvement in the revolutionary movement. Six months later, he was released from custody. Despite the full rehabilitation, the writer was secretly monitored for some time.

last years of life

In 1826, in September, A.S. Griboyedov returned to Tiflis. He again engaged in diplomatic activities. Thanks to his efforts, Russia concluded the beneficial Turkmenchay peace treaty. Alexander Sergeevich himself delivered the text of the document to St. Petersburg, received the post of resident minister (ambassador) in Iran and left for his destination. On the way he made a stop in Tiflis. There he met with the grown-up daughter of his friend - Nina Chavchavadze. Struck by the beauty of the young girl, the writer immediately proposed to her. He married Nina a few months later - on August 22, 1828. Alexander Sergeevich took his young wife with him to Persia. This gave the happy spouses a few more weeks of living together.

Tragic death

In Persia, Alexander Sergeevich had to work hard. He constantly visited Tehran, where he conducted diplomatic negotiations in a very tough manner. The Russian emperor demanded inexorable firmness from his ambassador. For this, the Persians called the diplomat "hard-hearted." This policy has brought its tragic results. In 1929, on January 30, the Russian mission was destroyed by a crowd of rebellious fanatics. Thirty-seven people died at the embassy. Among them was A.S. Griboyedov. His torn body was subsequently identified only by his left hand injured in his youth. Thus perished one of the most gifted men of his time.

Griboyedov did not have time to complete many literary projects. Creativity, briefly described in this article, is replete with unfinished works, talented sketches. One can understand what a gifted writer Russia lost at that moment.

The table of life and work of Griboyedov is presented below.

Even an abbreviated sketch of Griboedov's life and work gives an idea of ​​what an outstanding personality Alexander Sergeevich was. His life was short, but surprisingly fruitful. Until the end of his days, he was devoted to the Motherland and died defending its interests. These are the people our country should be proud of.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov; Russian Empire, Moscow; 01/04/1795 - 01/30/1829

Composer, poet, playwright and diplomat A. S. Griboedov left a mark in the history of literature as the author of one work. And although this is not entirely true, and many essays, travel notes and comedies came out from Griboyedov's pen, he is remembered mainly thanks to the comedy Woe from Wit. It is thanks to the popularity of reading Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" that the author got into our rating.

Biography of Griboyedov A.S.

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a noble family. From childhood, the boy was distinguished by a lively mind and at the age of six he was fluent in three languages. After entering the Moscow University noble boarding school at the age of nine, he learned three more languages. At the age of 11, he already entered Moscow University, where three years later he became a candidate of verbal sciences. But he did not finish his education there and entered first the moral and political faculty, and then the physical and mathematical faculty. At the same time, during his studies, he tries himself as a poet. Unfortunately, Griboedov's poems of this time have not been preserved.

The Patriotic War of 1812 forced Griboyedov to volunteer for a hussar regiment, where he served until 1815. It was at the end of 1814 that the first publication of his correspondence, and then comedies, began. Since 1817, Griboyedov has been the provincial secretary, and then a translator. Around the same time, he joined the United Friends Masonic lodge, and then organized his own Masonic lodge. At the same time, he met with, about whose work he always spoke very reverently.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed to the position of secretary under the attorney in Persia. In the same year, he received a slight wound in the hand in a duel. From Tiflis, he sends home a number of travel notes. In the same place, in 1822, Griboedov began to work on the comedy Woe from Wit, which is so popular in our time to read online. Work on the comedy continues during a two-year vacation at home, and in 1824 Griboyedov finishes work on the work.

In 1925, immediately after the opportunity to read Woe from Wit appeared, Griboyedov was forced to return to the service. But at this time he was arrested, suspected of having links with the Decembrists. For a long time there is a trial, but the diplomat and the writer are released. In 1826, Griboyedov in Tiflis takes part in the conclusion of a very beneficial treaty for Russia. For this, he was appointed ambassador to Iran. On the way there, Griboyedov marries Nina Chavchavadze. But their marriage was not destined to last long upon arrival in Tehran, a distraught crowd of Persians massacres the Russian diplomatic mission. During it, Griboyedov also dies, who was identified only by the wound left after the duel.

Books by A. S. Griboyedov on the Top Books website

As we have already mentioned, Griboedov got into our rating due to the popularity of “Woe from Wit” to read. Moreover, this popularity is so high that it allowed the book to take a place in the top twenty and in the ranking. Interest in Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" to read online is quite stable, which suggests the presence of the book in our next ratings.

All books by Griboedov A.S.

Dramaturgy:

1. Georgian night
2. Dmitry Dryanskoy
3. young spouses
4. Own family, or married bride
5. Student
6. feigned infidelity
7. Sideshow trial
8. Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception

Publicism:

1. country trip
2. About the cavalry reserves
3. On the analysis of the free translation of the Burgher's ballad "Lenora"
4. Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher"
5. Particular cases of the St. Petersburg flood

Years of life: from 01/15/1795 to 02/11/1829

Russian playwright, poet and diplomat, composer, pianist. Griboedov is known as homo unius libri, the writer of one book, the brilliant rhymed play Woe from Wit.

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a well-born family. The first Griboyedovs have been known since 1614: Mikhail Efimovich Griboedov received land from Mikhail Romanov in the Vyazemsky Voivodeship that very year. It is noteworthy that the writer's mother also came from the same family of Griboedovs, from its other branch. The founder of this branch, Lukyan Griboyedov, owned a small village in Vladimir land. The maternal grandfather of the writer, although a military man, but with amazing taste and abilities, turned the Khmelity family estate into a real Russian estate, an island of culture. Here, in addition to French, Russian writers were read, Russian magazines were subscribed to, a theater was created, children received an excellent education for those times. The second, paternal branch of the Griboyedovs, was not so lucky. Griboyedov's father, Sergei Ivanovich, is a gambler and spendthrift, a desperate dragoon of the Yaroslavl Infantry Regiment.

In 1802, Griboedov was sent to the Noble Boarding School. Moreover, in French, German and music, he was immediately enrolled in the middle classes. In music and languages, he will remain strong throughout his life. Since childhood, knowing French, English, German and Italian, during his studies at the university he studied Greek and Latin, later - Persian, Arabic and Turkish and many other languages. He was also musically gifted: he played the piano, flute, he composed music himself. Until now, two of his waltzes are known (“Griboyedov Waltz”).

A year later, the boarding school had to be left due to illness, switching to home education. In 1806, A.S. Griboyedov (at the age of 11) was already a student at Moscow University, who successfully graduated in 1808, receiving the title of candidate of literature, and in 1812, Alexander Sergeevich entered the ethical and legal department , and then to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy approached the border of Russia, Griboedov joined (against his mother's wishes) the Moscow Hussar Regiment of Count Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Young people were seduced not only by the ideas of patriotism, but also by the beautiful black uniform, decorated with cords and gold embroidery (even Chaadaev moved from the Semenovsky regiment to the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment, carried away by the beauty of the uniform). However, due to illness, he was absent from the regiment for a long time. Only at the end of June 1814 did he catch up with his regiment, renamed the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment, in the city of Kobrin, in the Kingdom of Poland. In July 1813, he will be seconded to the headquarters of the commander of the cavalry reserves, General A. S. Kologrivov, where he will serve until 1816 with the rank of cornet. It was in this service that Griboedov began to show his remarkable abilities in the field of diplomacy: he ensured friendly relations with the Polish nobility, settled conflicts that arose between the army and the local population, showing diplomatic tact. His first literary experiments also appeared here: “A Letter from Brest-Litovsk to a Publisher”, an essay “On the Cavalry Reserves” and a comedy “The Young Spouses” (a translation of the French comedy “Le secret du Ménage”) - date back to 1814. In the article "On Cavalry Reserves" Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.

In 1815, after the death of her father, her mother, Nastasya Fedorovna, in order to settle the faltering and complicated affairs of her late husband, offers A.S. Griboyedov to renounce the inheritance in favor of his sister Maria, whom the future writer dearly loved. Having signed the refusal, Griboedov is left without a livelihood. From now on, he will have to earn ranks and a fortune by his labor. New literary acquaintances in St. Petersburg, acquired during the holidays, literary success (Shakhovskoy himself was delighted with his first play, it was successfully staged in Moscow), the lack of prospects for military service - all this served as the reason that Griboedov began to trouble about resignation. However, when he was transferred to the civil service, none of his merits were taken into account (he did not participate in hostilities), and instead of the rank of collegiate assessor (8 in the Table of Ranks), which he petitioned for, he receives the rank of provincial secretary, one of the lowest ranks (12) in the Table of Ranks (for comparison: A.S. Pushkin will enter the service of the College of Foreign Affairs with the rank of collegiate secretary (10), which was considered a very modest achievement).

Since 1817 he served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, got acquainted with A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker.

In 1818, Griboedov accepted the appointment of the secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission under the Persian Shah (1818 - 1821, Tiflis, Tabriz, Tehran) and did a lot to bring Russian prisoners home. This appointment was essentially a reference, the reason for which was the participation of Griboedov in a quadruple duel over the artist Istomina. A.P. Zavadovsky kills V.V. Sheremetev. The duel between Griboedov and A.I. Yakubovich has been postponed. Later, in 1818, in the Caucasus, this duel will take place. On it, Griboyedov will be wounded in the arm. It is by the little finger of the left hand that the corpse of the writer mutilated by the Persians will subsequently be identified.

Upon returning from Persia in November 1821, he served as a diplomatic secretary under the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, General A.P. Yermolov, surrounded by many members of the Decembrist societies. Lives in Tiflis, works on the first two acts of Woe from Wit. However, this work requires more solitude, greater freedom from service, and therefore asks Yermolov for a long vacation. Having received a vacation, he spends it first in the Tula province, then in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In January 1826, after the Decembrist uprising, Griboyedov was arrested on suspicion of being involved in a conspiracy. A few months later, he was not only released, but also received another rank, as well as an allowance in the amount of an annual salary. There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities of secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging characterization of the conspiracy: “One hundred ensigns want to turn Russia over!” But, perhaps, Griboedov owes such a complete justification to the intercession of a relative - General I.F. Paskevich, a favorite of Nicholas I, who was appointed instead of Yermolov as commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Corps and commander-in-chief of Georgia.

During this period, A.S. Griboyedov manages to do a lot. He takes charge of diplomatic relations with Georgia and Persia, reorganizes Russian policy in the Transcaucasus, develops the "Regulations on the administration of Azerbaijan", with his participation the "Tiflis Vedomosti" was founded in 1828, a "workhouse" was opened for women serving sentences. A.S. Griboyedov, together with P. D. Zaveleysky, draws up a project on the "Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company" in order to raise the industry of the region. He negotiates with Abbas Mirza on the terms of the Russian-Persian peace, participates in peace negotiations in the village of Turkmanchay. It is he who draws up the final version of the peace treaty, which is extremely beneficial for Russia. In the spring of 1828, Alexander Sergeevich was sent to St. Petersburg with the text of the treaty. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; on the way to his destination, he spent several months in Tiflis, where he married Princess Nina Chavchavadze, daughter of the head of the Erivan region and the Georgian poet Alexander Chavchavadze.

On January 30, 1829, the Persian authorities provoked an attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran. A mob of Muslims, incited by fanatics, burst into the embassy building and massacred everyone who was there, including Griboyedov. The Russian government, not wanting a new military conflict with Persia, was satisfied with the Shah's apologies. The Shah of Persia sent his son to Petersburg to settle the diplomatic scandal. In compensation for the spilled blood, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, among which was the Shah diamond. Once this diamond, framed by many rubies and emeralds, adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it is in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. Griboyedov's body was brought to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and buried in the monastery of St. David.

Griboyedov's date of birth is a special issue. The playwright himself indicated the year of birth as 1790. Judging by the confession books of the Church of the Nine Martyrs, in whose parish the Gribredovs were for many years, the year of his birth is 1795. There is also a version that he was born in 1794.

The son of A.S. Griboedov and N.A. Chavchavadze was born prematurely after the death of his father, was baptized Alexander, but died an hour after birth.

The wife of A.S. Griboyedov left the following words on his tombstone:
“Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory,
But why did my love survive you!

Bibliography

Dramaturgy Griboyedov:
Dmitry Dryanskoy (comic tragedy) (1812)
Young Spouses (comedy in one act, in verse) (1814)
Your family, or a married bride (5 scenes for Shakhovsky's comedy) (1817)
Student (comedy in three acts, written together with P. A. Katenin) (1817)
Feigned Infidelity (comedy in one act in verse) (1817)
Interlude test (interlude in one act) (1818)
Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception (new vaudeville opera in 1 act together with P.A. Vyazemsky) (1823)
Woe from Wit (comedy in four acts in verse) (1824)
Georgian Night (excerpts from a tragedy) (1828)

Publicism Griboyedov:
Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher" (1814)
On Cavalry Reserves (1814)
On the analysis of the free translation of the Burgher's ballad "Lenora" (1816)
Particular cases of the St. Petersburg flood (1824)
Country trip (1826)

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich is one of the most educated, talented and noble men of the 19th century. An experienced politician, a descendant of an ancient noble family. The scope of his creative activity is extensive. He was not only an excellent playwright and poet, the author of the famous "Woe from Wit", but also a talented composer, a polyglot who spoke ten languages.

Alexander Sergeevich was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. His parents gave him an excellent home education. Since 1803, a pupil of the boarding school at Moscow University. At the age of 11 he was a student of the same university. The most educated man of his era, while still a student, mastered nine languages, six European and three Eastern. As a true patriot of his homeland, he volunteered for the war with Napoleon. From 1815 he served in the reserve cavalry regiment with the rank of cornet. This is the time when he begins to write articles, his first play, The Young Spouses. After retiring in the winter of 1816, he lives in St. Petersburg, where he works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Here enters the circle of theater-goers and writers, gets acquainted with Pushkin and other poets.

Creation

By 1817, his first attempts at writing in literary work belong. These are co-authored plays “Student” (co-authored by P.A. Katenin) and “Own Family” (he wrote the beginning of the second act), joint work with A.A. Shakhovsky and N.I. Khmelnitsky. Created in collaboration with A.A. Zhandr, the comedy "Feigned Infidelity" was staged on the stage in Moscow and St. Petersburg during 1818. At the same time, he was appointed secretary of the tsar's attorney of the Russian mission in Tehran. This event changed a lot in his life. Friends considered the appointment as a punishment for participating as a second in a duel between officer V.N. Sheremetev and Count A.P. Zavadovsky because of the ballerina A.I. Istomina. The winter of 1822 was marked by an appointment to a new duty station and the post of secretary for the diplomatic unit under the command of General A.P. Yermolov. Here, in Georgia, the first two acts of "Woe from Wit" were born.

In the spring of 1823, Alexander Sergeevich received leave and went to Russia, where he stayed until the end of 1825. Griboedov's time in Russia was a time of active participation in literary life. Thanks to cooperation with P.A. Vyazemsky, the vaudeville “Who is a brother, who is a sister, or deception after deception” was created. In 1824, work on the comedy Woe from Wit was completed in St. Petersburg. However, her path was difficult. The censorship did not let the play through and it sold out in manuscript form. Some parts of the comedy were published. But a high assessment of the work of A.S. Pushkin. A planned trip to Europe in 1825 was postponed due to a call to Tiflis. And at the beginning of the winter of 1826, he was detained in connection with the uprising on Senate Square. The reason was friendship with K.F. Ryleev and A.A. Bestuzhev, publishers of the almanac "Polar Star". However, his guilt was not proven, he was released and in the autumn of 1826 he began his service.

Last appointment and love

In 1828, he took part in the signing of the beneficial Turkmanchay peace treaty. The merits of a talented diplomat were marked by his appointment as Russian ambassador to Persia. However, he himself was inclined to consider this appointment as a link. In addition, with this appointment of sets of creative plans, it simply collapsed. However, in June 1828 he had to leave Petersburg. On the way to Persia, he lived for several months in Tiflis, where he married the 16-year-old Georgian princess Nina Chavchavadze. Their relationship, full of romanticism and love, was imprinted for centuries in her words, engraved on the tombstone of Alexander Sergeevich: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did you survive you, my love?”. They lived only a few months in marriage, but this woman carried loyalty to her husband through the rest of her life.

Doom

In Persia, British diplomacy, which was against the strengthening of Russia's position in the East, in every possible way provoked hostility towards Russia. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was attacked by a brutal mob of religious fanatics. A dozen Cossacks, led by Griboedov, who defended the embassy, ​​were brutally killed. But this death once again showed the nobility and courage of this man. The following event served as a formal reason for the attack of the crowd on the embassy. The day before, two captive Armenian Christian girls escaped from the Sultan's harem, they sought salvation in the Russian embassy and were accepted. A crowd of Muslims demanded that they be handed over for execution. Griboedov, as the head of the mission, refused to extradite them and took an unequal battle with a dozen Cossacks, defending the sisters in faith. All the defenders of the mission died, including Griboyedov. The coffin with the body was delivered to Tiflis, where he was buried in a grotto at the church of St. David.

In total, A.S. lived for 34 years. Griboyedov. He managed to create only one literary work and two waltzes. But they glorified his name throughout the civilized world.