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Tolstoy's opinion about the war. Artistic and philosophical understanding of the essence of war in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"

People who first encountered this skin disease, which has very unpleasant symptoms, want to know what psoriasis is and how to get rid of this ailment. It is a disease that primarily affects upper layer epidermis and its appendages: nail plate and bed, hairs. According to statistics, about 4% of the total population of the Earth suffers from psoriasis. However, the disease is more common in young age: 18 to 23 years old.

There are many diseases similar to psoriasis, so it is important to know its symptoms in order to choose the right treatment.

In general, with this disease, you can not self-medicate, as psoriasis develops very quickly and can cause serious complications. Going to a dermatologist is the only right decision if you find signs of a disease in yourself.

Kinds

There are many varieties of this skin disease. When classifying psoriasis, the nature of the rashes, the severity of the course, and the localization of the lesions are taken into account. There are the following main types of psoriasis:

(ordinary). This is the most common form of the disease, occurring in 85% of all patients. It is characterized by the presence of grayish or silvery-white plaques raised above the skin surface, which are easily exfoliated. Psoriasis vulgaris is another name for this form of the disease.

. The striking elements in this type of disease resemble droplets or dots from red to purple.

. The most severe form of this skin disease. It is characterized by the presence of pustules on the body - vesicles filled with a clear, uninfected liquid. With advanced disease, the fluid becomes purulent.

(onychodystrophy). Symptoms of psoriasis of this form affect the nail plates and the area around them: the shade of the nail changes, spots appear on its surface, the skin around the bed thickens, the plate breaks and exfoliates.

. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the small joints. This form of psoriasis often leads to disability.

Inverse psoriasis (folds or inverse). The disease affects the skin folds in the groin, on the inner thighs, armpits, under the mammary glands (in women).

. With the development of this form of the disease, all characteristic symptoms begin to appear on the feet and hands. In severe cases, the disease affects the nails and other areas of the body.

. With this form of rash localized on the head, face, back.

Symptoms of the disease

What does psoriasis look like? How not to confuse it with another skin disease? On initial stage disease, the following symptoms of psoriasis occur:

the appearance on the skin of pinkish, red or bluish papules, symmetrically located on specific areas of the body;
general weakness;
chronic fatigue;
depression or apathy.

Gradually, the rash combines into plaques - easily removed scaly formations. The area of inflammation grows to the edges.

At this stage of psoriasis, there are signs by which the disease can be distinguished from other skin ailments. If you scrape off the scales, you can observe the phenomenon of the psoriatic triad, formed by the following symptoms:

stearin stain: after scraping off the plaque, silver-white scales resembling stearin chips are separated;
terminal film: a very thin, shiny film remains at the site of the scraped formation, covering the papule;
"Blood dew": spot bleeding may occur at the site of the removed terminal film, which occurs due to injury to the subcutaneous vascular network.

The symptoms of psoriasis vary, depending on the specific stage of the disease and the season. In most patients, the manifestations of psoriasis intensify in the winter. The "summer" form of the disease is quite rare, as the patient's condition improves under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

How does psoriasis manifest itself? different stages? In total, 3 stages of the development of the disease are distinguished.

At the progressive stage, new rashes constantly appear, existing plaques increase in size. The patient feels severe itching, the skin is flaky all the time.
What does psoriasis look like at the stationary stage? During this period, the growth of papules stops. Small folds are observed in the plaque area. There is still intense itching.
At the regressing stage, plaques begin to disappear, peeling disappears, itching ceases to torment. Pigmented areas may appear at the site of the formations.

Some types of psoriasis have peculiar symptoms.

For example, when the scalp is affected, plaques resembling dandruff appear first. In this case, only the skin suffers, the disease does not affect the condition and growth of hair. From the head, the rash passes to the area behind the ears, neck, forehead.

The occurrence of psoriasis on the palms and feet is accompanied by thickening of the skin and the appearance of cracks. At the initial stage of the disease, pustules with transparent contents are formed, which gradually become purulent. Later, scars appear on the site of such formations, causing discomfort and pain during physical activities (working with hands, walking). In the future, the disease can be transmitted to the back of the hands and fingers.

With advanced forms of the disease, the use of ultraviolet radiation gives a good effect. Thanks to this method, already in 20–30 procedures, the affected cells are destroyed, peeling is eliminated, damaged skin is restored, and the immune system returns to normal. Before carrying out a full-fledged procedure, a trial session is carried out, influencing the rays on a small area of the patient's body. With a normal skin reaction, prescribe full course. In the summer, the patient is offered to continue treatment with ultraviolet light under the natural rays of the sun.

ethnoscience

Folk remedies for any type of psoriasis can only be used in consultation with a doctor.

It is important to understand that at home it will not be possible to eliminate the severe symptoms of psoriasis.

Folk recipes only help soften flaky skin and temporarily eliminate itching. Top Reviews among patients received the following funds.

Tar:

in the first days of the onset of the disease, apply tar to the affected areas with a cotton swab for 10 minutes, then rinse with tar soap;
on day 4-5, increase the duration of the procedure to 40 minutes;
the full course of treatment is 12 days;
it is better to use tar before going to bed, because during the night its smell disappears completely.

Celandine:

pass through a meat grinder a few bushes of celandine, uprooted;
squeeze the juice from the resulting mass;
lubricate each affected area of \u200b\u200bthe body with juice;
repeat the procedure until the complete disappearance of external signs of the disease.

Eggs and Vinegar:

prepare an ointment by beating 2 eggs and 20 ml of vegetable oil;
add 10 ml of acetic acid to the mass;
lubricate rashes and plaques with the resulting product daily at night;
course of treatment: 3-4 weeks.

Herbs:

grind into a pulp 20 g of St. John's wort flowers, 20 g of celandine root, 10 g of marigold flowers and 10 g (it is better to do this in earthenware);
add 20 ml of vegetable oil to medicinal herbs;
three times a day, lubricate the affected areas with the prepared product;
You can finish treatment as soon as the visible signs of the disease disappear.

Elderberry infusion:

pour 0.5 l of boiled water with 10 g of elderberry leaves and flowers;
leave the infusion at room conditions for half an hour;
procedural means;
take 80 ml of infusion every time itching increases after eating;
course of treatment - 10 days.

Diet

Whatever methods of treatment of psoriasis are used, without following a special diet, it will not be possible to achieve much improvement. To adjust the diet, it is better to contact a specialist who will make a menu taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular patient. In order for the entry “psoriasis” to no longer appear in the medical history, you should know and observe general rules nutrition of patients. With this disease, the menu should be excluded:

any nuts;
citrus;
smoked meats;
spices;
salinity;
spicy dishes;
fatty food;
alcohol;
blue cheese.

If psoriasis is diagnosed in the medical history, care must be taken to ensure that the diet is balanced. On the table every day there should be products that supply the body with all the necessary substances.

It is especially important to get fatty acids, which are contained in sufficient quantities by all types of fish.

To forget for a long time what kind of disease tormented you, no matter what kind of psoriasis you had, follow the important rules during and after treatment:

use gentle skin care: wash with warm water with a neutral agent, do not rub your body with a towel, but gently pat it;
give up conventional cosmetics for a while, avoid using new products for you;
doing any homework, wear protective gloves;
limit contact with allergens;
wear clothes and shoes made of natural fabrics without coarse seams;
drink at least 1.5 liters clean water in a day.

You need to understand that it is completely impossible to cure psoriasis. However, if you correctly choose the means to combat this disease, you can get rid of its unpleasant symptoms and achieve a stable remission.

Keep your skin clean, pay attention to the slightest changes in its condition, and if symptoms are suspicious, contact a specialist. Taking care of your own body will allow you to always stay healthy and beautiful. To be aware interesting information and current news, subscribe to our articles and be sure to share them with your friends in in social networks. See you soon!

This article is for educational, encyclopedic and informational purposes only. You must obtain the approval of your doctor before applying the tips and recommendations described in the article. You should not self-medicate!

Psoriasis (see photo in the article) is a common chronic skin disease that occurs in men, women and even children. It is very important to recognize the first signs of psoriasis. This will allow early diagnosis of the disease and take all necessary measures for its treatment.

How does psoriasis start and what is it

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that cannot be cured. Once faced with pathology, a person becomes its hostage for life.

The disease develops due to an incorrect immune response of the body to various internal and external stimuli. Psoriasis includes trauma to the dermis, metabolic disorders of the body, weakened immunity, severe hypothermia, and many other reasons.

Skin is quite easy to confuse with various dermatitis, because many skin pathologies are accompanied by the appearance of red rashes on the body that itch and flake. In order to distinguish the disease from others, it is important to find out what psoriasis looks like at an early stage.

The first stage of psoriasis is accompanied by the formation of various parts bodies of psoriatic rashes of a multiple or single character. On the body, arms, legs, face, characteristic red or pale pink spots appear, which most often have clearly defined boundaries. Clear boundaries can be seen in the photo of psoriasis in the article.

Many patients are interested in how to distinguish psoriasis from diseases such as diathesis, allergies? Answer this question definitely not possible. Home hallmark is the location of the rash. Psoriatic spots in most cases appear on areas of the body that are unusual for an allergic rash. Psoriasis affects places that are subject to mechanical friction, for example, from clothes, shoes.

In order to understand how psoriasis manifests itself, it is necessary to study in detail the stages of development of the pathology. The stages of psoriasis are as follows:

Papules in children and adults at the initial stage can be in single and multiple quantities. At first, these are barely noticeable rashes that do not bring discomfort.
Very quickly, the manifestation of psoriasis becomes more aggressive, the spots become clearer, they appear characteristic of the disease scales of a silvery or yellowish tint.
Symptoms of skin psoriasis in the later stages are the addition of an inflammatory process. Psoriasis in children and adults is accompanied by severe itching, a feeling of retraction of the skin, redness.

The stages of the development of the disease and their duration differ depending on the individual characteristics of the person. In some, the pathology develops rapidly, has pronounced symptoms, while in other patients there are single rashes with slight redness.

Answering the question of how to recognize psoriasis, there are three main signs:

clear boundaries of rashes;
the presence of peeling;
an increase in the number of scales when trying to scrape them.

Only a competent dermatologist can diagnose pathology. Self-diagnosis and treatment can be dangerous to your life.

Symptoms of psoriasis depending on the type of pathology

Psoriasis has several types. Each of them has distinctive symptoms and severity. The types of diseases include:

Ordinary().
Pustular.
Spot.

Severe forms of pathology include:

Psoriatic arthritis.
Psoriatic erythroderma.

Depending on the location of the rashes on the body, there are:

Psoriasis on the body.
Knee-elbow.

According to the severity of the course of the disease:

Heavy.
Light form.

plaque-like

The early initial form of this type of pathology can have both pronounced symptoms and a sluggish course. On various parts of the human body, round or oval spots appear that have a pink or red tint. Plaque psoriasis is considered the most common type of disease.

The main symptoms here are:

in places of skin lesions, spots and folds form, which have a medical name - Voronov's rim;
the appearance of a rash is accompanied by severe peeling;
spots have a rounded or oval shape with pronounced depigmentation.

Most often, the plaque type is found on the head, elbows, knees and some other areas.

With the development of the above symptoms, you must make an appointment with a doctor. Early diagnosis will help to cope with the disease and prevent its complications.

pustular

The pustular type of pathology is the most severe form. The disease develops rapidly, affecting large areas of the skin. Pathology has several varieties. The main types of the disease are generalized and localized pustular psoriasis. The generalized form includes:

Tsubmush psoriasis is the most common form. Symptoms here are the sudden appearance of painful rashes on the body, accompanied by a local increase in temperature. Bubbles filled with purulent exudative soon appear in the affected area. The spots progress rapidly, merge with each other, forming significant lesions on the body.
Acrodermatitis Allopo - the formation of papules with their subsequent transition to erosive lesions. Wounds are covered with purulent crusts of yellowish or gray shade, plaques often burst, bleed, which significantly reduces the quality of life of the patient.
Herpetiform impetigo - most often rashes with this type of pathology occur in pregnant women, less often in men and children. Places of dislocation of rashes are armpits, groin area, thighs. The spots are very painful, quickly spread throughout the body. Often a complication of the pathology is the addition of a bacterial infection, which greatly complicates the course of the disease.

The generalized type of the disease spreads rapidly throughout the body, affecting large areas.

Signs of localized psoriasis also depend on its varieties:

Acrodermatitis Allopo (localized form) - accompanied by rashes mainly in the pubic area, the rash does not spread throughout the body.
Barber's psoriasis - here the rashes affect the hands, feet. After the onset of rashes, the plaques dry up and form a dense, painful gray crust, which often bursts and bleeds.
Psoriasis with pustulization - occurs as a result of improper treatment of other types of disease. It is characterized by inflammatory rashes that can affect both individual parts and large areas of the body.

Treatment of pustular psoriasis must be carried out in a timely manner. Negligent attitude to your health can lead to the most unpleasant consequences.

Spot psoriasis

The first manifestations of punctate psoriasis are the formation of spots of small diameter, resembling dots, on various parts of the body. This type of disease is the only one in which the desquamation of the dermis can be mild or absent altogether.

Spots appear on the body, face, legs and arms. Often rashes are localized in the folds of the skin and places most prone to friction.

teardrop

Experts believe that the drop-shaped type of pathology develops against the background of the transfer of viral infections by the body and weakening of the immune system. Often the disease appears after an acute course of diseases such as tonsillitis, influenza, pharyngitis. Sometimes the pathology occurs as a complication of the plaque-like form.

This type of disease is sometimes called allergic psoriasis, since, according to some scientists, the disease can also develop due to the development of an allergy to certain drugs.

The places of localization of this type of disease are the body, feet, palms, head. In the first stages, the symptoms are manifested in the appearance of rashes of small size, which have a pale pink tint. With the further course of the disease, the plaques acquire a bright red hue. Often, patients have a question, do plaques itch or not during the development of the disease? The spots itch and flake, but there are exceptions. It depends on the individual characteristics of the organism.

With injuries of the skin in places that are not affected by spots, new rashes may occur. This phenomenon often observed in the progress of the disease and has the scientific name of Koebner's symptom.

Photo of psoriasis.

What does psoriasis look like (photo)

How does psoriasis begin (photo)

Psoriasis at an early stage (photo)

Papule in a child (photo)

Psoriasis and its treatment in adults and children

Having found out what psoriasis is and seeing a photo of the disease, special attention should be paid to the treatment of pathology. Uncomplicated forms of the disease are treated at home. Therapy consists in the use of topical agents in the form of gels, ointments, creams, shampoos, soaps. In addition, you must follow a diet, give up bad habits, exclude other factors provoking the disease.

In complicated forms, the therapy is more serious, here drug treatment is used in the form of ointments, tablets, and methods of physiotherapeutic treatment are also used.

Treatment with ointments

They can be hormonal or non-hormonal. Non-hormonal drugs are used for mild forms of pathology. These include:

salicylic;
sulfuric;
naphthalene;
tar;
Vishnevsky ointment.

These drugs rarely cause side effects and are well tolerated by patients.

Among hormonal preparations for external treatment of wounds, corticosteroids (hormonal preparations) are used. The most popular are:

cortisone;
hydrocortisone;
prednisolone ointment.

The disadvantage of such funds is the high risk of developing side effects. With prolonged use, dry skin, stretch marks, redness may occur. The negative side of treatment with hormonal agents is the effect of addiction. Despite all this, in many cases it is impossible to do without steroid drugs, especially in such severe forms as pustular psoriasis and erythroderma.

The use of tablets

It will be successful only if the treatment has a competent integrated approach using all the necessary medications. In addition to ointments, the following groups of drugs are used to get rid of rashes:

Antiallergic drugs - allow you to eliminate itching, redness, swelling (Diazolin, Zirtek, Loratadin).
Hepatoprotectors - support the normal functioning of the liver (Allochol, Karsil).
Enzyme preparations - contribute to the production of the necessary enzymes (Mezim, Pancreatin).
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - eliminate the inflammatory process (Meloxicam, Ketoprofen).
Soothing - normalize the psychosomatic state of the patient (Persen, Tonorma, Sedavit).

An important role in the treatment of the disease is played by drugs that normalize the functioning of the immune system. Immunomodulators for psoriasis are Methotrexate, Remicade, Timodepressi and others.

All funds are used under the supervision of a physician with strict adherence to the dosage and schedule of administration.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is an important method of treatment in the development of pathology. To get rid of stains use the following methods:

ultrasonic irradiation.
Selective phytotherapy.
PUVA therapy.
Cryotherapy.
Magnetotherapy.
Laser treatment.
Salt baths.

In addition, such non-traditional methods as hirudotherapy (treatment with leeches), ichthyotherapy (using fish) and many others are often used.

Diet for psoriasis

It should consist in the maximum restriction of allergen products, spicy, sour, salty foods. The patient should give up smoked meats, marinades, citrus fruits. You need to exclude chocolate, honey, eggs, nuts, red fruits.

Preference should be given to cereals, vegetable soups, low-fat dairy products, fish and lean meats. Avoid alcohol and large amounts of caffeine.

Compliance proper nutrition, fulfilling all the doctor's prescriptions and attentive attitude to your health will allow you to get rid of the disease and prevent its recurrence for many years.

Psoriasis is a chronic disease, from the development of which no one is immune. It can appear at any age, so the symptoms of psoriasis and possible reasons development is desirable for everyone to know. There are typical signs that are characteristic of this particular disease. According to them, psoriatic papules can be distinguished from other dermatological diseases. Rashes are formed on any parts of the body: from the eyes to the feet. Depending on the location of the papules, they have a different appearance.

Symptoms: how psoriasis starts

Psoriasis begins with the formation of small rashes on the body. Their size does not exceed the diameter of the pin head. Every day, papules grow in diameter, reaching 4-8 cm as a result, their number increases, the surface begins to peel off. If you do not undergo proper treatment, individual plaques merge into conglomerates, covering large areas of the body.

This is what psoriasis looks like in its early stages

Skin psoriasis can develop at any age. But often the first case of its manifestation occurs in young and adult people from 18 to 40 years old. There are no gender differences. Men and women suffer from this disease with the same frequency.

Typical signs of psoriatic papules:

The shape is round.
The edges are crisp.
Color ─ bright pink or red.
The color of the scales is silvery white.

The first rashes, as a rule, are formed at the site of wounds, scratches, frostbite, burns, on areas of the body that are constantly subjected to friction. They may itch, but this is not the main symptom.

Psoriasis has three unique symptoms that are unique to it:

Stearin spot phenomenon- scales are easily scraped off the surface of the papule. Under them is a stain resembling a drop of stearin or wax.
The phenomenon of psoriatic (terminal) film- if the plaque is completely cleaned of scales, a thin film is visible under it, covering the inflamed area of the skin. It is transparent and moist.
Auspitz phenomenon─ if the integrity of the terminal film is violated, small bruises appear on the surface of the wounds, resembling dew.

The listed triad of symptoms will allow you to accurately determine the onset of the development of psoriasis. They make it impossible to confuse this ailment with other dermatological diseases.

Because the the first symptoms of psoriasis in different parts of the body are slightly different, it is worth considering in more detail each particular case.

Symptoms of psoriasis on the hands

Guttate psoriasis on the elbow and forearm

When psoriasis develops on the hands, most often papules appear on the surface of the elbows or between the fingers. Rarely, rashes are localized on the forearm. This part of the body is characterized by a plaque form of the disease. Its main symptom is the formation of small red spots, which are quickly covered with scales. The skin of the hands becomes rough.

The defeat of the scalp with psoriatic papules is the most common form of the disease. Rashes are formed in the back of the head, in the forehead, behind the ears, in the hair parting area. First, small rashes form. They are single and covered with scales. In the process of development, they grow and can cover the surface of the entire head. A feature of psoriatic papules formed on the scalp is peripheral growth, severe itching and skin irritation. While the scales are small, peeling off, they resemble fine dandruff. With the growth of papules, these peelings look like white flakes. The elasticity of the skin is reduced, so it is easily injured, wounds are constantly formed.

On the body

Psoriasis on back and abdomen

The surface of the body covers, as a rule, guttate psoriasis. It is localized on the back, neck, hips, shins, abdomen. Scattered small rashes are formed. They differ in teardrop shape. In the process of growth, papules rise high above the surface of the skin, so they are easy to damage. People who have had a staphylococcal infection are more at risk of developing this disease.

On foot

Psoriatic rashes on the legs on the knees and lower legs

On the legs, the first papules appear in the knee area, but can also form in other areas. The first rashes are small and single. They are inflamed and very flaky. They have a clear contour, but loose. They spread rapidly, forming conglomerates.

On nails

The initial stage of psoriasis on the nails manifests itself in several forms. At the first ─ the nail plate is covered with small pit-like depressions, as if from a needle prick. The second form resembles a fungus. Nails thicken, change color to yellow or gray. Over time, if you do not start treatment, they exfoliate. The third type - the nail plate is deformed, becomes rough, depressed areas appear on its surface.

On palms and feet

Psoriatic lesions on the palm of the hands and on the foot

Most often, palms and feet are affected by palmoplantar psoriasis at the same time. However, there are cases when the disease develops only on the palms or only on the feet. First, small papules form on the skin, which quickly merge into conglomerates. The horny layer of the skin thickens, coarsens. Because of this, it is easily injured, cracks appear.

Face, ears, neck

Psoriatic rashes on the ear and in the eye area

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of psoriasis is an external examination of the rash. The dermatologist evaluates the localization of papules, the condition of the skin. Even the initial symptoms will allow him to establish the correct diagnosis. No special analyzes are required. In severe forms of the development of the disease, the doctor may prescribe a biopsy, x-ray, sowing on the microflora.

Psoriasis is a chronic disease. This means that it is impossible to cure it forever. The goal of treatment is to achieve a stable state of remission. It can last for years if competent therapy is prescribed.

The photo illustrates what psoriasis looks like before and after treatment.

The main types of treatment for psoriasis:

Medical:

external means ─ ointments (solidol, hormonal, non-hormonal, mustard-containing), creams, shampoos;
internal means ─ antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, stimulants, sedatives, antidepressants, vitamin complexes, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, immunopharmacological agents.

Non-drug─ laser therapy, magnetotherapy, X-ray therapy, electrotherapy, selective phototherapy, ultrasound therapy, cryogenic therapy, UVR, PUVA therapy, hyperthermia.

When choosing a method of treatment, doctors are guided by the current state of the patient. Complex therapy provides maximum efficiency.

Having noticed the first signs of psoriasis on the skin, it is important to immediately contact a dermatologist.

He will be able to confirm or refute the diagnosis. Since there are many reasons for the development of psoriasis, each person needs to take care of their health, protect their skin from injuries and burns, since the first papules form most often on damaged areas of the epidermis.

Forms and varieties skin diseases a great many, and psoriasis is one of them. According to statistics, from 3% to 6% of all inhabitants of the planet suffer from this disease. The danger of this disease lies in the fact that it is difficult to cure, and can also affect not only the skin, but also internal organs. That is why it is so important to make the correct diagnosis in time and start treatment. In this article, you will learn the symptoms of psoriasis, as well as the causes of its occurrence.

Psoriasis - what is it

To begin with, it is worth understanding what psoriasis is and what are the causes of this disease. Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious skin disease that is characterized by a rash on the body of red-yellow nodules and spots with a flaky surface. Most often, psoriasis is recorded in young people aged 18 to 45 years, but there are cases of psoriasis in children and the elderly. The essence of the disease is that, for some unknown reason, the cells of the epidermis begin to divide rapidly, forming thickening of the skin and further growth of capillaries under these places.

This disease accompanies mankind for more than one hundred years, and possibly even from the moment of its appearance. Researchers find the remains of mummified ancient people who were sick with psoriasis. In the Middle Ages, this disease was often mistaken for leprosy, and only in mid-nineteenth V. psoriasis was defined as a separate disease - from that moment it began Scientific research ailment. Surprisingly, to this day, scientists cannot fully figure out the cause of the disease. Several theories have been put forward about this:

Factors provoking the development of psoriasis

The fact that there are certain triggers that cause the disease itself or provoke an exacerbation is known to both the patients themselves and the attending physicians. These reasons include:

Stress, nervous strain, psychological trauma;
Hormonal disorders;
Reception of some medicines: antibiotics, B vitamins, anti-inflammatory drugs;
Mechanical injuries of the skin: cuts, burns, deep scratches;
Infectious diseases: tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis, as well as infections caused by streptococcus - scarlet fever, erysipelas, etc.;
Drinking alcohol, non-compliance with the regimen, malnutrition, smoking;
A sharp change in climate, prolonged exposure to the sun.

Symptoms of psoriasis

How to recognize the signs of an insidious disease in yourself and prevent it from spreading? The course of psoriasis is cyclic: periods of exacerbations are replaced by periods of remission. The disease has several forms, each of them has its own characteristic features, but there are common symptoms, the totality of which clearly indicates the presence of psoriasis in a patient. This is the so-called psoriatic triad:

The stearin drop phenomenon. If you scrape the surface of the psoriatic plaque with your fingernail, keratinized skin flakes will separate from it, similar to droplets of frozen stearin.
Under the separated layer of keratinized particles, a red shiny thin film is found.
"Bloody Dew". If you scrape this film with your fingernail, small drops of blood will come out. The fact is that under it there are capillaries with thin walls, and from the slightest physical impact, multiple petechial hemorrhages occur.

All these symptoms are accompanied by itching in the affected area. Most often, the first psoriatic plaques appear in places such as the knees, elbows, groin, scalp, armpits. At first, the rashes are single, but as the disease develops, their number increases, and the plaques can merge with each other, affecting an increasing surface of the body.

There is also Koebner's syndrome - the appearance of new rashes in places of skin irritation.

Vulgar or common psoriasis

One of the most common forms of the disease - psoriasis vulgaris is diagnosed in 80% of patients with psoriasis. Most feature- the appearance on the body of reddish papules - nodules that have a rounded shape, clearly defined boundaries and slightly rise above the skin.

The spots are covered with a grayish coating of detached dead scales. Rashes can affect both individual parts of the body and spread throughout the skin, mainly localized in the folds of the skin, joint surfaces, places of frequent contact and friction of the skin on clothing.

With this form of the disease, it is mainly the part of the head covered with hair that is affected, but with the further course of the disease, the plaques can spread to the face, ears and neck area. Since it is rather difficult to see what is happening on the head on your own, often at the initial stage, hairy psoriasis is confused with ordinary dandruff and does not attach much importance to the symptoms.

What signs should alert you:

dry scalp;
severe itching;
Pain and burning in the affected area;
The appearance of peeling, similar to dandruff;
Hair loss.

Psoriatic onychodystrophy, or psoriasis of the nails, can manifest itself as an independent disease, or as a complication of ordinary psoriasis. External signs of the disease are very similar to a fungal infection. The nail plate thickens, its color changes - it can vary from yellowish to gray. With the naked eye, traces of subungual hemorrhages are visible - red or purple spots.

There is an oil spot syndrome - a yellowish spot under the nail plate. The nail itself flattens, becomes rough to the touch, depressed marks appear in the center. Small pits also appear - as from needle pricks, the surface begins to resemble a thimble. Under the nail bed, the process of accumulation of dead cells begins, which in the future can lead to exfoliation of the nail and its loss. Both all the nails on the fingers of both hands, or just a few, can be affected.

Pustular psoriasis

Differs from the usual topics that the lesion is characterized by the appearance of redness and pustules - vesicles with purulent contents. At further development disease, the vesicles begin to peel off, exposing the erosive surface. Pustular psoriasis is characterized by a more severe course, may be complicated by the addition of a secondary infection, intoxication of the body up to death.

Guttate psoriasis

A rather rare form of the disease. It is characterized by the appearance of small tear-shaped plaques up to 1 cm in diameter. Favorite places: limbs and torso. The appearance of rashes is accompanied by severe itching, often preceded by a streptococcal infection.

Palmar-plantar psoriasis

It is diagnosed in 15% of all patients with psoriasis. This form is characterized by the appearance of papules on the palms and soles of the feet. In the affected areas there is severe itching and fever, often the skin cracks and bleeds. Patients experience severe difficulty walking, inability to perform any actions with their hands. The pustular type of palmar-plantar psoriasis is characterized by the appearance of redness and vesicles with liquid contents on the skin.

Exudative psoriasis

This type of disease is characterized
the formation of weeping plaques with uneven edges, covered with numerous layers of grayish crusts. Such crusts are formed from the impregnation of keratinized particles with exudate, when you try to remove them, the plaque becomes reddish in color, and may begin to bleed. This form is often found in patients with a history of malfunctions in the endocrine system, metabolic disorders, and diabetes mellitus.

Psoriatic arthritis

It is characterized by a combination of symptoms of psoriasis and arthritis. Patients experience pain in the joints, limited mobility, the fingers swell strongly, the skin around them acquires a bluish tint. In addition, the disease can affect the spine and sacral region. In addition to joints, tendons and articular cartilage also suffer.

Diagnosis of psoriasis

As in the treatment of any other disease, the main thing is to recognize the enemy in person and start complex treatment as soon as possible. The first thing to do if you suspect that you have psoriasis is to consult a dermatologist.

The doctor will conduct a visual examination, make a scraping from the affected area and prescribe tests:

General blood analysis;
General urine analysis;
Analysis of feces for worm eggs.

Sometimes these measures may not be enough for an accurate diagnosis, as the symptoms of psoriasis can be blurred. In this case, in order to distinguish psoriasis from other similar skin diseases, a biopsy is prescribed - the separation of a piece of tissue and subsequent histological examination in the laboratory.

Additionally, the doctor collects information about the clinical manifestations, complaints of the patient, as well as his lifestyle, the presence of bad habits and hereditary predisposition to the disease.

Treatment of psoriasis

Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely get rid of psoriasis. However, this does not mean that you can simply ignore the presence of this diagnosis. If you follow all the recommendations prescribed by your doctor, you can achieve a stable long-term remission and live for years without remembering that you have psoriasis. There is no universal treatment method, as it depends on factors such as:

Patient's age;
type of psoriasis;
The size of the affected areas and their location;
The severity of the disease.

As a rule, the treatment of psoriasis is a set of measures aimed at eliminating and alleviating the symptoms of the disease, maintaining the strength of the body, and eliminating the cause that caused the exacerbation of the disease.

Drug therapy

It will be necessary to fight the disease for the rest of your life, therefore, for patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis, the following treatment method was developed: first, sparing drugs with the fewest side effects are prescribed. If the therapy does not have the desired effect, the drugs are replaced with more potent ones. But even a well-chosen course of medicines will have to be changed from time to time. This is necessary so that the body does not get used to a certain drug and the effect of its action does not come to naught. Treatment includes taking medications and applying topical ointments. The following drugs are prescribed:

At the initial stage of psoriasis, various ointments and creams can eliminate unpleasant symptoms, which are also an obligatory component of a set of measures in the treatment of advanced cases of the disease. These funds can be divided into two large groups: non-hormonal and hormone-containing.

Physiotherapy

If you have been diagnosed with psoriasis, try not to despair. Medicine does not stand still and every year there are more and more advanced drugs that allow you to get rid of the symptoms of the disease for a long time. Follow all doctor's recommendations healthy lifestyle life and, as far as possible, avoid factors that can provoke an exacerbation.

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