"one and two letters н in adjective suffixes". –Н- and –НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech
First you need to understand what form is an adjective:
Then you need to find out what part of speech the word is formed from noun or from verb.
| Full form | |||
| I. Adjectives from nouns | II. Adjectives from verbs (participles) | ||
| -N- | -HH- | -N- | -HH- |
| -an, -yan, -in lion - lion ! Glass |
1. -onn, -enn revolution - revolutionary ! Windy 2. H+H = sleepy+ny BUT! The words also belong to the primitives: single, pheasant, raven, ram, carp, seals, peacock, crimson, zealous, bulany. 3. MY = enn temporary (time) |
1. without prefix frozen catfish (from freeze) Not
frozen |
1. with prefix behind frozen catfish 2. dependent word frozen mom catfish 3. suf. ova, eva, irova marinated ! forged, chewed, pecked ! desired, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected |
| short form | |||
| 1. The meaning of the action (what is done?) - "N" raised by a father, excited by the storm |
2. The meaning of the sign (what are they?) - see the full form: how many "n" in the full, so much in the short. They brought up nn s and education nn s (educated and educated). |
||
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives and participles"
- Spelling participles - Communion Grade 7
Lessons: 3 Assignments: 12 Tests: 1
- Spelling participles, participial turnover
Lessons: 4 Assignments: 11 Tests: 2
- Spelling of adjectives - Adjective 6th grade
Lessons: 5 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1
- adjective as a part of speech - Morphology. Independent parts of speech Grade 10
Two letters H are written in adjectives formed:
- using the suffix -Н- from a noun with a base on Н;
- from nouns with the help of the suffix -ONN-, -ENN-.
Exception: windy.
One letter N is written:
- in the suffix -IN-;
- in suffixes -AN-, -YAN- of adjectives formed from nouns.
Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in full ones (except for the forms male) .
Letters Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles
1. For writing a group of words with Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles, there are rules based on the presence of signs of a verb or signs of an adjective in words.
One letter H is written in verbal adjectives with suffixes -n-, -en-, formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs (they cannot carry dependent words, except for adverbs of degree very, completely, absolutely, etc.): laden car, knitted sweater .
Two letters HH are written:
a) in passive past participles with suffixes -nn-, -enn-, as well as verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs, with and without prefixes: salted butter, broken things (participles); distracted person, confident look, selected works, desperate move(exceptions: smart boy, named brother);
b) in passive past participles with suffixes -nn-, -enn-, formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs (the participle indicator is the presence of dependent words, except for adverbs of degree): laden with bricks, crocheted;
c) in some verbal adjectives formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs, sometimes with the prefix non- (it is recommended to memorize such adjectives as exceptions): unseen, unheard, unexpected, unexpected, desired, sacred, unexpected, chased (step), made (view ), cutesy, slow;
d) in adjectives formed from passive participles into -ovanny, -vanny: rhymed, qualified, uprooted (exceptions: forged, chewed);
3. In short passive participles, one letter H is written, and in short verbal adjectives, two letters H are written. To distinguish the short form of the participle from the short form of the adjective in a sentence, you must:
a) try to replace this form with a short form of a non-derivative adjective; if a replacement is possible, an adjective is used in the sentence, therefore, two letters H are written: Their views are very limited (that is, narrow, not far away - a short adjective);
b) determine with the help of a question whether there is a short form dependent word, except for the adverb of degree; if there is a dependent word, a short participle is used in the sentence, therefore, one letter H is written: The interests of the Oblomovites were limited to a narrow circle of everyday worries (limited (by what?) to a narrow circle of worries - a short participle).
4. Writing one or two letters H in complex adjectives is subject to general rule: plain dyed (paint, imperfect look) ; plain-colored (paint, perfect look).
Interactive dictation
LITERATURE textbook: spelling
Literacy Tutorial: Punctuation
Names and titles. Interactive simulator
useful links
Summer Reading
Memoirs
Language Quotes
Tongue Twisters
Proverbs and sayings
Choose the correct answers. To check the completed task, click the "Check" button.
H / HH in participles and verbal adjectives
Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that regularly make mistakes in dictations, essays and tests.
First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, CUT TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, TREES HAVE BEEN CUT.
But since full passive participles sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:
1) the sacrament has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;
2) the participle was formed from the verb of the perfect form, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? - perfect form);
3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE OVEN;
4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED PERSON.
If a word does not have any of these features, then it is spelled with one N.
In addition, there are several words with two letters H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize the words-exceptions: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, UNINTENDED, WANTED, PRECIOUS, SACRED, SMOOTH.
(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase LAUNCHING GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: NEGLECTED GARDEN.
(2) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase BROKEN LOOK? First of all, we look to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step is to determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROCHE_NY was formed from the verb TO THROW (what to do?) This verb is perfective, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters H: LOOKING OUT.
(3) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase OVEN Roast FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: HEAT (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the sacrament it is necessary to write two letters H: FISH ROASTED IN THE OVEN.
(4) How many H should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, two letters H must be written in it: ASPHALTED HIGHWAY.
(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVING from the phrase WEAVING BASKET? Since it does not have a prefix, there are no dependent words, there are no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the verb of the imperfect form WEAVING (what to do?), you need to write one letter H: WITTED BASKET.
“How can I not love him? - she said to herself, delving into his fright and at the same time delighted look.
Levin immediately thought of this, but, in spite of this, he decided that Sviazhsky's views of him were only his baseless assumption...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps the father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love _n oh!
Scarlet ribbons were woven into her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Unseen _n oh beauty.
Who wants to welcome us, if you please;
The door is open for the stars and the unseen...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
... There were requests from the hostile ministry for information about the measures that were in last decade applied…
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
And that consumptive, relative to you, enemy of books,
In the academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
And then she thinks -
God knows why
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkle _n leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
Surprisingly sweet cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little embarrassed, and irritated by this embarrassment, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected outlook on things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
No, in this felled forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers rejected _n th children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Stepan Arkadyevitch had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed himself again, put on a frilled nightgown and lay down ... (Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles an hour
Zakova is coming.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
With a face mutilated with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began pulling on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Darya Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant, unseen carriage...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Finally married his daughter
I took it - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
She remembered how she had almost told the confession that her husband's young subordinate had made to her in Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Towards dinner they arrived: an old cousin of Alexei Alexandrovich ... ... and one young man, recommended to Alexei Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the _nd hour of the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,
Where insulted _n omu there is a corner for feeling.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Stepan Arkadyevitch ... in this playful courtship ... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
What is the politest name for such people?
Tenderer? - he is a man of the world,
Notorious _n th swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonych Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
For the fact that he softened the anger of _n th guest,
I wanted to compliment.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
You sit for an hour
Do not oppress _n th, peppy mind
Works meanwhile.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
Spelling H and HH in suffixes
Compare two sentences:
Baked apples on a plate .
Oven-baked apples lay on a plate .
In one case the word baked written with one n, and in the other case, with two n. In order to understand why these words are written that way, you need to understand a few rules. True, there are quite a few rules and exceptions on this topic.
Н and НН in adjectives and participles
In order to determine how much n should be written in the adjective, first you need to understand what part of speech it is formed from. As a rule, adjectives are formed from nouns, from verbs or are primitive. Primitive adjectives are not derived from any other part of speech. Let's look at these three groups.
Adjectives formed from nouns
en -, — yang -, — in -.
Examples: leather, silver, horse
Exceptions: glass, tin, wood
In adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes - enn -, — stvenn -, — he N -, — ation -, — irovann -.
Examples: cranberry, feminine, evolutionary, examination, erudite
Exceptions: windy, oily ( But windless)
In adjectives formed from nouns with a base on n with the suffix n -.
Examples: deep, true
Primitive adjectives
Primitive adjectives are not derived from any other part of speech. In them n included in the root. These adjectives have only one letter. n .
blue, young, green, ruddy
For example, in the word rosy root rouge, but not room(there is no such root in Russian at all).
society(s) opinion
What should be in place of the dash?
Verbal adjectives and participles in full form
There are three conditions when any of which in the full passive past participle or adjective is written nn.
1. Participle (or adjective) formed from a verb with a prefix(except for attachment Not- which does not affect the quantity n in a word).
frightened, loaded, baked
But: unafraid, uninvited
Exceptions: named (brother; with emphasis on the second syllable), planted (father; replacing the parent of the groom or bride at the wedding), dowry (this is a noun formed by moving the adjective into the category of nouns), smart.
Important: the spelling of verbal adjectives in compound words does not change.
Compare:
fresh-frozen (without a prefix, so one is written n) - freshly frozen (with a prefix, therefore it is written nn)
plain-colored (without a prefix, so one is written n) - smooth-colored (with a prefix, therefore it is written nn)
2. Communion has dependent words(except for words indicating the degree of manifestation of the trait: Very , very etc.).
a wagon loaded with sand, an apple baked in the oven
3. Participle (or adjective) formed from the perfective verb .
abandoned (throw), given (give), bought (buy), deprived (deprive), decided (decide)
These three conditions do not cover participles and adjectives without dependent words formed from imperfective verbs without prefixes. There are two rules here, of which there are many exceptions.
Rule 1 If the participle (or verbal adjective) ends in - ovated , — fucked up, spelled nn .
Examples: spoiled, lined, uprooted
But: this rule does not apply if - ov -, — ev- are part of the root (in words chewed, forged, pecked).
Rule 2 If the adjective is formed with suffixes - en -, — n- from an imperfective verb without a prefix, in the absence of dependent words it is written n .
Examples: laden, mowed, baked, baked, frozen, torn, confused, stolen
But: In some adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs, it is written nn .
Examples: desired, active
Adjectives and participles in short form
In the short form of adjectives, the same number is written n how much and in full.
significant change ⇒ significant change
windy girl ⇒ windy girl
well-mannered girl ⇒ well-mannered girl
In short passive participles, one letter is always written n .
The deed is already done.
Mission successfully completed.
Short adjectives and short participles must be distinguished by meaning.
Compare:
His face is agitated (adjective) - The sea is agitated by the wind (participle)
This teacher is always reserved (adjective) - The oath was kept (participle)
Spelling Н and НН in different parts of speech
Spelling Н and НН in nouns
1. nn it is written:
1) if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix starts with n: elder-nick (elderberry), squad-nick (druzhina), raspberry-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (purse), aspen-nick (aspen), mountain ash-nick (mountain ash); dowry-nits-a (dowry), sleepless-nits-a (sleep), ringing-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);
2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), agitated-awn (agitated), hryvnia-ik (hryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), covetousness (coy), spoiled-awn (spoiled), chosen-ik (chosen), exiled-ik (expelled), konn-itsa (equestrian), root-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), inadvertent-ost (unintentional), educated-ost (educated), public-ik (public), organized-ost ( organized), captive-ik (captive), sent-ik (sent), privileged-ost (privileged), production-ik (production), millet-ik (millet), handicraft-ik (handicraft), related-ik (related ), priest-ik (sacred), seed-ik (seed), own-ik (own), modern-ik (modern), coherent-awn (harmonized), fog-awn (foggy).
2. H written in words: crimson-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-awn, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), hemp-ik (hemp) , smoked-ost (smoked), bone-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), mudren-ost (tricky), oat-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peat), smart-awn (intelligent) and etc., as well as in the words olsha-nik, omshan-ik.
Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominative adjectives (formed from a noun)
1) for adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; adjectives formed from nouns for me (time, flame, etc.) can also be included here: temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.
In adjective windy one is written n , since it is not formed from the noun wind, but from the verb wind with a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, weathered- formed from verbs;
2) for adjectives formed from adjectives with a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of the sign: tall, hefty, broad and etc;
3) for adjectives formed from nouns based on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long(length), true(true), millionth(million), vintage(old), canvas(canvas) and etc.
Type adjectives lamb, carp, seal written from one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem on n by adding a suffix - j - .
Words spicy, ruddy, youthful are written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, blush, blush, youth(But: junior, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).
2. H is written with adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, aquiline, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas) silver, wood burning and etc.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:
A) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - trans. (windy girl, youth); wind- “driven by the force of the wind” (wind turbine, pump, mill); in combination with chicken pox, the adjective has a suffix -yan- , compare: chickenpox- open;
b) oily oiled, lubricated, oiled butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: oily week - carnival); oil- "for oil, from oil, on oil" ( oil cookie, oil paint, oil engine, pump and so on.); compare: oily bottle("designed for oil") and oily bottle("soiled with oil");
V) silver- "subjected to silvering, covered with silver" (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);
G) salty- "containing salt" ( salty fish); hydrochloric- "consisting of salt" ( salt mine, hydrochloric pillar). In combination hydrochloric acid in the adjective is written with a suffix -yan- .
Spelling Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles
Full Forms
Spelled with nn suffixes of the full forms of passive past participles: -nn- And -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative with them in form are written in some cases also with nn in a suffix, in others - with one n .
1. Spelled with nn participles and adjectives -wounded, -wounded, -wounded(formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate), For example: spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.
2. They are also written with nn communion not on -ovanny (- evanny, - evanny) verbs perfect look and related adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.
a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, roasted, scribbled, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, untangled, made.
b) A list of forms of native non-prefixed verbs, as well as some verbs, the prefix in which can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, seized, revealed; met, ventured, offended, found, obligated, visited, supplied.
Forms are written according to this rule. two-species(meaning both perfect and imperfect) verbs to marry, to bequeath, to promise, to execute, to give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.
Exceptions. are written with one n correlative adjectives with participial forms in the following stable combinations: dead man, named brother, named sister, planted father, planted mother, Forgiveness Sunday .
3. Communions are not on -ovanny (- evanny, - evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from non-prefixed verbs) and adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with nn , adjectives - with one n , For example: wagons laden with firewood, fish fried in oil, oil painting, hair cut by a barber And short-cropped hair, green-dyed benches, floor not swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, money already counted more than once, an offer made many times; But: loaded barge, Fried fish, written beauty, cropped hair, painted benches, swept floors, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, made indifference; likewise knitted And knitted, ironed And ironed, braided And braided, brushed And peeled; are also written: chewed And chewed, pecked And chiseled, forged And forged.
According to this rule, the forms of two-part verbs are written concuss, baptize And hurt. Wed: soldier shell-shocked in the head, seriously wounded soldier, soldier wounded in the leg, just baptized baby, But: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.
As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the sacrament. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed (clearly artificial where the word clearly used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint (walls used to be white).
In words with the prefix non-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or a repetition combination) use .
1. Words with a prefix Not- :
Spelled with nn : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;
Spelled with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, undyed, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, unbidden, uncounted.
2. Compound words:
Spelled with nn : Highly Skilled, Solid Forged, Acquired, Freshly Painted, Purposeful, Born Blind, Insane;
Spelled with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, self-styled, seriously wounded, one-piece .
3. Combinations-repetitions with a prefix re- in the second part, having amplifying value. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with nn or n ), For example:
Spelled with nn : mortgaged-re-mortgaged, solved-resolved ;
Spelled with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-mended, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.
Exceptions. Spelled with nn instead of n :
a) adjectives desired, longed and (as part of stable combinations) seen case?; is it a heard thing? They are formed from imperfective verbs wish, wait And see, hear .
Special cases: adjectives put on spilled sea; they are formed from prefixed imperfective verbs put on, pour, i.e. from verbs with the suffix — wa- , which naturally do not form passive past participles;
b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, unseen, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;
c) compound adjectives long-awaited, homegrown and (as part of own name) Andrew the First-Called.
The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.
Short forms
Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: chitan, chitana, chitano, chitany; read, read, read, read; labeled, labeled, labeled, labeled; marked, marked, marked, marked. The forms of the neuter gender are also written in impersonal usage, for example: smoky, littered, worn, worn, worn-run, worn-crossed .
Short forms (except for the masculine form) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: educated, educated, educated(from adjective educated‘discovering the results of a good upbringing’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to the fulfillment of his whims’); lofty, lofty, exalted(from adjective exalted‘full of high content’). These adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more sublime.
Compare the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners, she is well-mannered. She is spoiled good conditions – She is naughty and spoiled.
Short forms of adjectives on -ny written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ She is very attached to him; filled with something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is full of sorrow; heard of something‘well-informed’ We've heard about his tricks..
Some adjectives have different meanings differently spelled short forms. For example, different spelling short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and dedicated And She is dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, exalted, it has a comparative degree more devoted; the second is the same as attached, performed, heard(requires dependent words: someone, something).
Short forms of adjectives, expressing various emotional states, can be written with n or with nn depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For example: She's excited(she gets excited) Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case, the spelling excited impossible (because speech cannot ‘feel agitated’).
In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic Russian Spelling Dictionary.
Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with participles on -ny, are written with n or nn depending on the value. Adjectives expressing signs that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e., forming forms of a comparative degree, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with nn ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:
well-bred, -nno, -nny; well-maintained, -nno, -nny; self-confident, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no(there are comparative forms more well-bred, more comfortable, self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);
interconnected, -but, -ny; interdependent, -but, -ny; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -us(no forms of comparative degree).
Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are transmitted in writing with one n , are written in the same way as full ones. For example: done, done, done(from done‘unnatural, forced’); confused, confused, confused(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scholar, scholar, scholar(from scientist‘thoroughly knowing something’). Comparative forms are written in the same way ( smarter, more confused, more learned) and adverbs on -O (done, confused, learned).
Such adjectives are few; the vast majority of correlative adjectives with participles in -ny have no qualitative value; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled and so on.
SPELLING H-NN IN ADVERSE SUFFIXES
Adverbs for -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with a double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.
Spelled with nn : unintentionally, unheard of(from accidental, unheard), excitedly, excitement (excited), confidently;
Spelled with n : confused (talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned (very learned), windy (it's windy outside today).
H and HH in participles
Passive past participles are formed using suffixes
-nn-/-enn-, therefore, when writing, they are often confused with verbal adjectives, making characteristic mistakes. For the correct use of n and nn in participles, you must remember:
Table Spelling features n And nn in participles
Topic quiz
Did not like? - Write in the comments what is missing.
- 1. Victoria Neumann - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
- 2. Bulat Sadykov - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
- 3. Daria Volkova - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
- 1. Natalia Starostina - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
- 2. Nikolai Z - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
- 3. David Melnikov - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
Three lucky people who passed at least 1 test:
The cards are electronic (code), they will be sent in the coming days by Vkontakte message or e-mail.
Н and НН in suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives
This video tutorial is available by subscription
Do you already have a subscription? To come in
From the lesson "Н and НН in suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives" you will learn new rules of the Russian language for you. To write a word correctly, you will need to answer a series of questions. The answer to each of them will help you quickly decide how to write the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives correctly.
Repetition. Spelling of one and two letters H in adjective suffixes formed from nouns
To remember this rule, consider the following verse:
I write in nominal HH
I'm on junction of two morphemes
Or in suffixes - he N-/-enn-,
And also in the words of the window,
Each of us knows:
Wood, tin and of course glass.
IN -in-, —en-, —yang-
Only one H write -
Spelling algorithm Н or НН in suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives
1. See if the word has a suffix -ova- or - Eve-.
- if such a suffix There is write nn
ballnn th
risknn th
Note. In words chewed, forged-yova- and -ova- are part of the root.
- if such a suffix No see next paragraph
2. See if there is a word console (except prefixes Not- And semi-).
- if prefix There is write nn
chewing nn th
kova nn th
The prefix itself Not- does not affect the spelling of one or two letters H in suffixes, but there may be another prefix in the word. For example, in the word not about chewed there are two attachments Not- And pro-), so in this case two letters are written in the suffix H .
- if prefixes No see next paragraph
3. See if the word has dependent words, that is, those words to which you can ask questions, for example:
- if dependent words There is write nn
- if dependent words No check if the word is included in the lists of exception words, in which one or two are always written H
Always write two letters H in words:
Always write one letter H in words:
writing n oh beauty
conche n th man
easier n oh sunday
If points 1–3 of the algorithm gave a negative answer, and your word was not in the lists of exclusion words, you need to proceed to a deeper check.
4. Look at what verb the word is formed from.
imperfect form write one letter n
scrap n th line(from imperfective verb break)
- if it is formed from a verb perfect look write nn
purchased toys(from perfective verb buy)
Word wounded (wounded) can be written with one or two letters H . If it is an adjective, then it is written with one n , and if participle, then it is written with two. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the word.
Adjective wounded stands for permanent sign of quality, and participle wounded stands for temporary sign. For example:
Wounded soldiers were talking and joking.
IN this case wounded- this is an adjective, denotes a permanent feature, the quality of a noun soldiers.
Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks for another half an hour.
In this case wounded- this is a participle, denotes a temporary sign.
Note:
- in combinations like ironed - ironed, worn - worn write one letter n because these words are considered adjectives.
- in compound words formed from verbal adjectives and participles, the same number of letters is written n , how many in the original words:
fresh-frozen n th And fresh-frozen nn th
- in nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same number of letters is also written n, how many in the original words:
brought up nn ik
elect nn ik
slower nn O
ice cold n oh
smoked n awn
Н and НН in short participles and short adjectives
IN short participles always write one letter H. In short adjectives formed from verbs, two letters H. For example:
Children brought up n s father.
In this case brought up- This is a short introduction.
Children brought up nn s and education nn s.
In this case brought up And educated- verbal adjectives in short form.
How to distinguish between a short participle in front of us or a short adjective? It is necessary to remember about morphological features these two parts of speech. The participle expresses a sign as the result of an action. The short form of the participle can be replaced by a verb combination. For example:
The children are raised by their father. – The children were raised by their father.
A short adjective can only be replaced by a full one. It denotes the quality of an item:
Children are raised and educated. (And also smart, beautiful, talented)
We have short adjectives.
pavementnn th road- in a word paved have a suffix -ova-, so it is written nn;
glass nn veranda- in a word glazed there is a prefix behind-, so it is written nn;
more beautiful n bench- word painted derived from the verb paint, this is an imperfective verb, so we write one letter n;
more beautiful nn mistress- in a word without makeup there is a prefix Not-, but after this prefix there is still a prefix on the-, so we write two letters n;
bench painted yesterday- at the word painted there is a dependent word ( yesterday), so we write nn.
Bibliography
- Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. – 13th ed. – M.: Bustard, 2009.
- Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. – 34th ed. – M.: Enlightenment, 2012.
- "Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". / Ed. Pimenova S.N. – 19th ed. – M.: Bustard, 2012.
- Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. – M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.
Homework
Chopped vegetables, impromptu performance, uninvited guest, dyed hair, missed chance, hand-crushed grapes
The grasses sown in the fallow field sprouted well. The harvesting of the sowing grasses has begun. The table for the invited guests was covered with a knitted tablecloth. There were few guests for the evening, only close friends came. The city was landscaped with asphalt and cobblestone roads. It was difficult to drive along the weak road.
The dress is made from plain dyed fabric. Delivered fresh frozen meat. Among the museum treasures was a precious golden chest.
All the attention of the audience is focused on the development of the action of the play. The student's face is serious and concentrated_o. The aspirations of our youth are exalted. Many simple people were exalted by Peter 1. The area is limited by mountains. Gogol's Korobochka was very limited. The sea is excited_o strong wind. The young man's face is excited.
H and HH in participles
and verbal adjectives
if participles are formed from prefixed verbs: subtracted the manuscript, pasted the picture, painted the fence, walked the path, watched the film;
if the sacraments have a dependent word with them: a recently mowed meadow, a painted picture three years ago, a roof painted by a house painter, a cobbled road;
if participles are formed from non-prefixed verbs of the perfect form: abandoned (to throw), yes (to give), executed (to execute), bought (to buy), deprived (to deprive), captive (to capture) .
if adjectives are formed from imperfective verbs (without prefixes that do not contain suffixes -ovann-, -ёvann-): white house (to whiten is an imperfect verb), rabid dog, boiled potatoes, crow steel , red-hot bayonet, dried berry;
if adjectives do not have a dependent word with them: painted floor (but: painted oil paint floor), laden barge (but: barge laden with sand).
Note. The distinction between passive participles and verbal adjectives in some cases is carried out not only by the presence or absence of prefixes and dependent words, but also by meaning. For example, in the phrases that ‘captive oven and melted fat, the signs denoted by the words that ‘captive and melted’ are of different properties: in the first case, the verbal meaning is preserved (there is a time limit), i.e. the definition is expressed by the participle; in the second case, a constant sign is named (cf. also: baked milk, melted butter), that is, the definition is expressed by an adjective. A semantic difference is also observed in such sentences: Being wounded, the commander still gave orders (the word being introduces a temporary meaning into the form wounded, thereby reinforcing its verbosity). - Soldiers appeared at the edge, carrying out killed and wounded comrades (the sign is indicated by an adjective).
In short passive participles, in contrast to the full participles, it is written H, in short verbal adjectives, as in denominatives, it is written NN:
with a short participle, there is (or is thought of) a noun in the form of the instrumental case with the meaning of the agent; cf .: The territory near the new house is not yet landscaped on a (communion). - The territory near the new house was small, uncomfortable nn a (adjective); Sons were always lucky, and they were spoiled by fate (communion). - The sons were capricious and spoiled nn s (adjective); The article has been read for taping (communion). - The girl was musical and well-read nn a (adjective); The population was excited about the message on the radio. — The sea is agitated today;
short passive participles are used in constructions with a dependent infinitive: The student intends to answer the question; with dependent addition: Athletes were sure of victory; (but: The throws of the basketball players were accurate and sure - without addition).
Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in a short form are written with n (if they are formed from prefixed verbs, which makes them closer to participles): Her eyes were tearful (cf .: crying eyes); His coat was worn out (a worn coat).
Note 2. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many n are written as they were in the generating basis: educated nnik (educated), chosen nnik (chosen), sacred nnik (priest th), put nnik (set th) (on the formation of the word “protege”, see “Suffixes of adjectives formed from verbs”, pr. 1), varenik (boiled), smoked osti (smoked th ), martyr (tormented), ice cream (from the adjective ice cream - to freeze); organized to enter (organized), confused to answer (confusing), surprised to look (surprised).
- Article 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of taxes, fees payable by an organization, and (or) insurance premiums payable by an organization paying insurance premiums New version of Art. 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 1. Evasion of […]
- Rules in psychotherapy There are no universal rules for psychotherapy, but there are code of ethics therapist, setting boundaries, and therapeutic contract. Here are some of these rules: The therapist concludes with the client […]
- New pensions, benefits and salaries. What awaits the Russians in 2018 For the first eight days of 2018, the country is resting, celebrating the New Year and Christmas holidays. Nevertheless, already on January 1, comes into force whole line new laws […]
- COMPLAINT PRIVATE Economy and law: a dictionary-reference book. - M.: University and school. L. P. Kurakov, V. L. Kurakov, A. L. Kurakov. 2004 See what "Private Complaint" is in other dictionaries: COMPLAINT PRIVATE - PRIVATE COMPLAINT ... […]
- Law Samara region dated July 6, 2015 N 74-GD "On the delimitation of powers between the local governments of the city district of Samara and the intracity districts of the city district of Samara to […]
- What is the difference between a cassation appeal and a supervisory appeal? I was issued a decision by the inspector, which I appealed to the district court, which decided to leave it in force. It was further appealed to the Supreme Court, which also ruled […]
In adjectives, one letter H is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YANG-.
For example: swan(in suffix -IN - one letter H is written) leather(in suffix
-AN- one letter H is written) woolen(in suffix -YAN- one letter H is written.
Remembering three suffixes in which one letter H is written is very easy. Need to know p the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter H to them and get suffixes - AN, YING, YANG .
You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.
For adjectives long ago
Written in scholarly books
When AN, YING, YANG, then H is one
And no more excess.
Suffix -IN- called "animal". With the help suffix IN adjectives are formed from animate nouns denoting animals, insects, birds.
MOUSE IN YY = MOUSE + IN
MOSQUITO IN YY \u003d KOMAR + IN
Nightingale IN YY \u003d Nightingale + IN
In adjectives MOUSE IN YY,MOSQUITO IN OY, NIGHTINGALING IN YY the "animal" suffix is written - IN - with one letter N.
Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - are written in the names of adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:
SKIN AN YY \u003d SKIN + AN
PESC AN YY \u003d SAND + AN
SILVER YAN YY = SILVER + YANG
WOOL YAN OH = WOOL + YAN
CLAY YAN YY \u003d CLAY + YAN
Adjectives SKIN AN YY, SAND AN YY, SILVER YAN YY , WOOL YAN OH CLAY YAN YH are written with one letter H, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .
Three adjectives should be remembered, the suffix of which begins with the letter I, but the letters H in it are written not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN YY, TIN YANN GLASS YANN YY.
The following riddle about WINDOW:
glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.
2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes
Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORIALS HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, STRAW ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY.
Remember suffix - HE N- helps with HH UN - United Nations.
It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fanatic.
It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix has - HE N- two H's, and his UN idol has two O's.
With the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters H are written, adjectives are formed most often foreign origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N EDITORIAL HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, REVOLUTION HE N YY
Two letters H are written in the suffix -ENN-.
Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY, LIFE ENN YY, FIRE ENN OH, ILLNESS ENN YY.
In Russian, there is an exception word, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N in it are written not two, but one. This word is WINDY.
WINDY DAY
WINDY YOUTH
In the word WINDY, one letter H is written!
However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then two letters H are written according to the rule.
WINDLESS NIGHT (there is a prefix in the word)
Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS the following verse helps.
Windy young man, windy day!
You can easily remember:
I always write only one N!
Windless morning, day or night!
Without applying the rules of knowledge,
Write two N's without hesitation!
3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes
Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives formed with the help of the suffix H from nouns with the stem starting with the letter H.
PLAIN = ravni H A+ H
LONG= LENGTH H A+ H
TRUE= ISTI H A+ H
outlandish= DIKOVI H A+ H
pancake = BLI H +H
The following poetic rule helps to write a double letter H in the adjective.
The mist one has
But if the city has become foggy,
Based on H and suffix H,
And it turns out,
Remember this case is strange.
4. Things to remember
There are several words in Russian that do not have the suffix H and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and erroneously write double HH in them.
Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, ROSE, YOUNG, PORK one letter H is written, which is part of the root.
5. Analyzing examples
Let's determine how many letters H are written in the following adjectives and why.
GOOSE(this word has an "animal" suffix -IN -, in which one letter H is written),
TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends with the letter H. The suffix H is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters H),
STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write HH),
LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter H),
WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter H is written),
INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write HH),
GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write HH).
6. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes
Choosing H, HH to write in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.
Table 1. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes ()
7. Н, НН in short adjectives
It should be remembered that in short names adjectives are written as many N as in full ones: traditional - traditional, smart - smart.
Bibliography
- Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
- Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- Reference table().
- Presentation ().
- Additional exercise ().
Homework
Task number 1
Insert, where necessary, the missing letters H or HH. Justify your answer.
Yu..y, y..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..y, tin..y, straight..y, hurricane..y, debatable..y, swans..y, wind..th, windy..oh, windless..th, autumn..th, morning..th, morning..ik, glass..th, harder..ik, silver..th, silver..ka, shameless..ik, seme..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..oh, hemp..ik, sparrows..oh, nightingales..oh, stirrup..oh, seme..oh, red banner .. th, triumph .. th, life .. th , old .. th, guests .. th, guests ple..th, whole..th, drunk..th, rya..th, blush..th, blush..a, fire..th, sandy..th, craft..th, secondary..th, pension .. th, clay .. th, beast .. th, offspring .. th, precious .. th, bouillo .. th, flat .. th, half-dead .. th, wild .. th, not quite .. th, sheep..th, infectious..th, sympathetic..th, seventh..th, countless..th, friendship..th, oats..th, one-time..th, ants..th, wave..th, mice..y, svi..oh, pigs..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mali..ik, axis..ik, ripples..ik, friends..ik, moshe..ik, wind..ik, side..ik, smart..yy, ko..itsa, leeward..yy, sandy..ik, travel. .ik, vlasya..itsa, vishe..ik, weathered..y, chicken..oh (ataman).
Task number 2
Make the “silent” table speak: write down the necessary words in place of the gaps. Write down adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.
1. He slept, all radiant, in an oak manger,
Like a ray of moon in the hollow of a hollow.
He was replaced with a sheep ... skin
Donkey ... ox lips and nostrils.
B. Pasternak
2. And there is a birch in so ... oh silence,
And snowflakes burn in golden fire.
S. Yesenin
3. Do you love ice ... oh January,
Windless, brutal cold.
And I am a fierce February,
A blizzard, a daring snowstorm.
Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes various parts speeches
This task requires knowledge of how words are formed!
Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.
Rule.
Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.
Full adjectives and participles.
Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: Which?
Remember!
| unexpectedlyHHth
slowerHHth countryHHth sacredHHth chwaHHth checkHHth desireHHth okayHHth affairsHHth unseenHHth unheardHNew not teaHHth nezhdaHHth bad luckHNew zhemaHHth |
ryaHth
yarnHth greenHth sviHOuch barHuy siHuy blushHth scarletHth YuHth smarterHth nameHyy (brother) seatedHyy (father) |
Distinguish!
Short adjectives and participles.
To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.
Nouns and adverbs.
In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:
looked beshe?o - beshe?y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)
Remember!
Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:
mosheHHik harderHik
tribeHHik pridaHoh
settingHHik
YesHHik
bespridaHHitza
Action algorithm.
1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.
2. Remember if this word is an exception.
3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.
4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.
Parsing the task.
In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).
1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1
Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by the full form refinement ... th. We determine the spelling full form: refinement ... th derived from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.
Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.
The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced by a verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.
Thus the correct answer is 4.
Practice.
1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.
