Finnish for beginners online. Finnish language: how to learn it yourself? Learn Finnish

Volume: 10 A4 pages

Grammar: Sounds, Alphabet, Personal forms of the verb, Vowel harmony, Inessive and Adessive, Affirmative sentence, Partitive, Interrogative sentence;

Skills: You will learn how to compose dialogues on the topic "Acquaintance" and write a short story about yourself, talk about where you live, how old you are, indicate your nationality, and so on;

Suggestions for translation: Do they study Norwegian at the university?, Where do you live?, Is he at the market or at the train station?, Do you speak German badly?, We live in Finland in Turku., They live in England., He is at the train station now., Hey 25 years old., Can you tell me where you live?, What is his nationality?, We live in England., They live in that big building., Who is he?, How old is she?, We speak Finnish well., What is it? outside?, What building do you live in?, We live in that big building., Do you live on that street?, Do you take French courses?, What country does he live in?

Volume: 6 A4 pages

Grammar: Verb types, Direct alternation in verbs, Word + interrogative suffix –ko;

Skills: You will learn how to make dialogues on the topic "Where is ...?", turn to passers-by with a similar question and answer it, showing the way, and also ask again if something is not clear.

Suggestions for translation: Can you tell me where you live?, Do you know where they are?, He knows where you live., Are they at the bank or pharmacy?, They know where you study., -Can you tell me what language you learn in the courses? – We study Swedish., Do you know at which university he studies Finnish?, Do they know what language Anna teaches in the courses?, Does he know that I live in Helsinginkata?, Do you know how old she is?, I speak Finnish is very good., The swimming pool is near here. You turn right, then left. He's on the corner there., Can he speak slowly?, The cash desk is on the other side., The third door on the right is the toilet., Do you know who speaks English here?, We speak a little French.

Volume: 4 A4 pages

Grammar: Negative sentence, Negative question;

Skills: You will learn how to compose more complex everyday dialogues on the topics "Introduction" and "Where is ...?", using both affirmative and negative constructions.

Suggestions for translation: They don't speak English. He doesn't live here. He's here on vacation., Don't they speak Swedish?, I don't study French at the university., We don't live in that pink house., I don't take classes., Are you not in the library?, He doesn't study Swedish at the university ?, Don't you understand?, He doesn't want to go to university?, Don't you understand?, They don't want to take courses., We don't want to learn Norwegian., I don't know where the bookstore is., You don't speak Russian?, You don't speak English?, Don't you remember who he is?, You're not in the library?, This woman speaks English, but she doesn't speak German, unfortunately., You don't live in Helsinki?, -He doesn't knows where you live? -He knows.

Volume: 6 A4 pages

Grammar: Verb “tehdä” (to do), Essive case with days of the week, Adessive case with times of the day, Plural nominative, Reverse alternation in verbs, Double negation;

Skills: You will learn to talk about what you do during the week, what time you get up, what you do on weekdays and weekends, morning, afternoon and evening, and ask relevant questions.

Suggestions for translation: Do you work in that big white building? - What time is it? - It's five minutes to six. On Monday morning I get up at 15 to seven. - What are you doing in the evening? – Rest., I don’t speak German or Swedish., On Thursday I get up at 5 am., What does she do on Sunday?, What do they do on Thursday?, Lessons start at 10 minutes to eight in the morning. These students study at that university. -Where are the students? -Students in the computer class., Those English people live in that house., These Estonians speak Finnish well., Those women don't speak Swedish?, These men speak French quite well., Why don't you want to live in that big yellow house?, I live in Helsinki and don't want to live in another city in another country., She's not on vacation?, -Where are the books? -Books in the library. Why don't you exercise and go to the gym?

Volume:(6 A4 pages)

Grammar: Possessive case (Genitive), Possessive suffixes (osa 1), Ordinal numbers;

Skills: You will learn to talk about your apartment, where it is located, what floor you live on, what is in the rooms and ask relevant questions to the interlocutor.

Suggestions for translation:

1. We live on the fifth floor. 2. What floor do you live on? 3. We live on the fourteenth floor. 4. They don't want to live on the twenty-second floor. 5. He wants to live on the seventeenth floor. 6. Is there a table in his room? 7. Does your new apartment have a computer? 8. Is this room yours? - No, this room is not mine. 9. Is this house yours? - No, our house is blue. 10. I go to Norwegian language courses. 11. -What is it? -This is a Swedish textbook. 12. Do you take English courses? 13. They want to live in Anna's room. 14. My new apartment is located in the center of Turku. 15. Every Monday and Thursday he goes to French courses. 16. There is a new wardrobe in my room. 17. Your room is bright and comfortable. 18. There is a small garden in our yard. 19. Is there a library in your city?

Volume: 4 A4 pages

Grammar: Adessive in a sentence expressing belonging, Partitive in a negative sentence;

Skills: You will learn to talk about your family, your relatives, how old they are, what they do, where they live, and also about your apartment using new grammatical constructions.

Suggestions for translation: He has an apartment in the center of Tampere., Anya's apartment does not have an expensive computer and a large TV., What is the name of Anya's cat?, What is the name of Lenin's sister?, What is the name of that woman?, Pekka has a small one-room apartment in the center of Helsinki, an expensive car and a dacha outside the city., My room has a TV, a computer and a refrigerator., Anna does not have a big apartment in the center of Tampere, an expensive car and a summer house outside the city., Lisa cannot buy a car because she does not work yet., Lisa wants to work, but she can't find a good job (työpaikka)., Emma doesn't have a big good expensive refrigerator, dishwasher and toaster in the kitchen., Helmi doesn't have a Swedish textbook and she doesn't go to Swedish language courses.

Volume: 4 A4 pages

Grammar: The partitive when expressing quantity;

Skills: You will learn to talk about your family and your apartment or house using new constructions like "many friends", "two TVs" and so on.

Suggestions for translation: Why do you want to buy two computers?, I live in the center of Turku., Pekka has many good friends., There are a lot of interesting books and various souvenirs on (“in”) my bookshelf., I am not a private entrepreneur, I am a civil engineer, I work in a big Finnish company., Are you fond of mathematics?, He has two Finnish textbooks., Do you often sit in the living room?, We work a lot on the computer., How many people live here?, How many cars do you have?, Do you have two rooms? -What is your name? – My name is Anna. – What is your name? My name is Pekka.

Volume: 8 A4 pages

Grammar: Alternation in nouns, adjectives and numerals (type A), Alternation in nouns and adjectives (type B), Local cases, Times of the day and the use of Adessive, Expression of time: how long;

Skills: You will learn how to talk on the phone with a travel agent, discuss travel itinerary and details regarding the purchase of a ticket.

Suggestions for translation: 1. We work from nine to six. 2. Do you work from two to three? 3. I want to go on vacation to Thailand (Thaimaa). 4. At the weekend we are going to the theater. 5. They go to the store, and ("and") then to the hospital. 6. We go from the bus stop to the station. 7. I will go to another room. 8. Will you go home from the bank? 9. He goes from the station to the department store. 10. The guide's name is ("guide's name") Leena. 11. Are you going on holiday to Thailand? 12. I go on holiday to Thailand quite often. 13. When do you come to work? 14. I will come home at half past five. 15. I go to work every day, and (“and”) on weekends I rest in the country. 16. Do you want to go to the country? 17. We go out of town to the country house every weekend.

Volume: 12 pages A4

Grammar: Types of nouns, adjectives, numerals and participles;

Skills: You will learn how to describe your weekday by giving details of where you are going, what time you are and what you are doing.

Suggestions for translation: 1. They work from eleven to five in the evening. 2. Lunch break from two to three. 3. The store is open from ten to nine in the evening. 4. Do you comb your hair every morning? 5. The music department is open until eighteen. 6. They go from home to (“to”) work, from (“from”) work to the library, from the library to (“to”) the gym, from the gym to the pool, from the pool to the store, from the store to the market, from market to the station, from the station to the department store and from the department store home. 7. You go from a theater to a museum, from a museum to ("to") an art exhibition, from ("from") an exhibition to a restaurant, from a restaurant to a cinema, and ("and") then you walk around the city or go shopping. 8. Are we going to the city center by bus? 9. There is no elevator in my house. I live on the fifth floor. 10. Does your house have an elevator? 11. Is there no TV in your room? 12. There is no computer or printer in my room. 13. Do you exercise every morning?

Volume: 6 A4 pages

Grammar: Genitive of nouns with postpositions, Genitive of personal pronouns with postpositions, Possessive suffixes;

Skills: You will learn how to talk about your week, giving details of who, where and what time you go and what you usually do.

Suggestions for translation: 1. Will you go to the theater with me? 2. Do you want to come to us? 3. After the concert, they go to an art exhibition, and (“and”) then to a restaurant. 4. -Where are you? - I'm with Katya. 5. Do you live near this big building? 6. When I'm on vacation in Helsinki, I usually live with my friend. 7. Do you go to a cafe with your ("your") friend? 8. Why don't you want to go to the pool with my sister? 9. Are you going to Jussi? 10. -Where are the books? -Books on the table. 11. There is a gym near my house. 12. The number of their apartment is 145. 13. If you are (“you are”) in Helsinki, you can spend the night with me. 14. Today I am going to Swedish language courses. I go to courses every other day (“every second day”) - on Mon., Tues. and Wednesday. 15. There are a lot of bookshelves in my room. 16. Don't have a computer at home? 17. There are many interesting books in our library. Will you come with us to the library? 18. They don't speak English or Swedish. 19. Buses to Turku depart at 10 o'clock.

Volume: 14 pages A4

Grammar: Adverbs "a lot" (monta ja paljon), Conjunction että and interrogative word mitä - "what", Declension of pronouns, Case Elative, Word "like" - tykätä ja pitää, Case Allative, Subjectless sentence, Present and future tense;

Skills: You will learn how to talk about your travels, where you usually go, where you vacation, details about what you do on vacation, indicate the details of the planned trip.

Suggestions for translation: 1. -Do you dream about this trip? -Certainly. 2. Why don't you understand that he is tired of work? Because I'm tired of work too. 3. Can you tell us what you do at home in the evening when you come home from ("from") work? 4. -Can you tell me how to get to the station (“get to the station”)? – I don't know, unfortunately. 5. - Do you like this book? -Yes, I like it. And you? Yes, I like this book too. 6. -Do you live in this big white house? -Yes. 7. - How to get quickly to (“in”) Helsinki? - By fast train, by car or by plane. 8. Do students like to read? Yes, they read every day in the library and at home. 9. -Do they know that you will come to them tomorrow? No, we don't want to tell them about it. 10. The girl he likes is very beautiful. 11. Which museum do they like best? 12. I cannot and do not want to abandon this project. He is very interesting and important to me. 13. The book he tells you about is really interesting. 14. The film I like is quite old. 15. Can you tell me what you like the most? Do you like to exercise? 16. - How many kilometers from Helsinki to St. Petersburg? - From Helsinki to St. Petersburg about 400 kilometers.

Learning Finnish is like diving into another world. It has other rules and laws, original logic. Many people are afraid of his grammatical structure. The notorious 15 cases, postpositions, non-standard verbal controls, consonant alternations can discourage the desire to even start studying it. However, not only difficulties, but also pleasant surprises await the person who dared to conquer this language. Finnish contains a huge number of borrowings from Russian. The word tavara, for example, means goods, and viesti means news or message. Words are read as they are written. The stress is always placed on the first syllable. Finnish has few exceptions and no articles. And all difficulties can be reduced to nothing with the right approach to its study.

Suitable textbooks and tutorials are the first step to success

You should start by choosing a textbook suitable for independent work on the language. There are a lot of them on the Internet and bookstores. But which one should be preferred?

One of the best is the manual Chertka M. “Finnish language. Basic Course” from the Berlitz series. Each lesson contains lexical and grammatical material, as well as voiced dialogues on topics typical of everyday life: shopping, hosting, going to the cinema. To consolidate what has been passed, the author gives exercises with keys for self-control.

A good self-taught book is Koivisto D. Koivisto's "Short Course in Finnish". It perfectly explains the basics of grammar, provides diverse exercises with answers and texts for reading.

Beginners will benefit from the "Textbook of the Finnish language" Chernyavskaya V. V. With its help, you can master the lexical and grammatical minimum necessary for the basic level. The material in it is presented somewhat scattered, so it is recommended to use it as an addition to the main course. With these study guides, you will learn Finnish from scratch on your own at a basic level. But what to do next?

The next step - study guides published in Finland

Having mastered the basics, you can proceed to more serious publications. These are textbooks created by native speakers and published in Finnish.

Suomen Mestari is rightfully considered the best. It clearly and concisely presents grammar, a lot of tasks for listening. The manual will help develop the skills of understanding oral speech and improve pronunciation. The author writes in simple language, so problems with understanding the rules should not arise.

The Hyvin Menee textbook will allow you to gain a good vocabulary and significantly enhance your grammatical preparation. It is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to the literary language, and the second - to the spoken language. At the end of the course, you will reach level B1.

But what about those who have already mastered the language well? The Finnish textbook Suomea paremmin is suitable for an advanced level. With it, you can pass the language test for citizenship.

Objective necessity: reference books and dictionaries

Textbooks alone are not enough for serious language learning. You need to have a good grammar guide handy. The self-instruction manual often cannot give exhaustive answers to all questions. For beginners, the book by N. Bratchikova “Finnish language. Grammar Handbook. It is divided into sections, each of which is devoted to a certain part of speech and has its own color. For example, green is for adjectives, and blue is for verbs. This design makes it easier to find the right topic. Grammar material is collected in tables and provided with comments.

Questions can also be caused by unfamiliar words in foreign textbooks or reference books. Dictionaries are used to solve this problem. They are necessary for people who seriously take up the Finnish language. For beginners, electronic versions and specialized Internet resources are suitable. However, the best option would be solid paper publications, such as the "Big Finnish-Russian Dictionary" by Vohros I. and Shcherbakova A. It contains about 250 thousand lexical units on various topics and will help in almost any situation.

Video and audio courses to help learn Finnish

For people who study Finnish on their own, special video and audio courses are created. By studying them, you will increase your passive and active vocabulary, develop the skill of listening to foreign speech, and consolidate grammar.

Check out the video course Supisuomea, developed with the participation of the Finnish TV and radio company Yuleisradio. When creating it, the authors paid attention to both official and spoken language. The video course covers topics such as home and family, food, gifts. It covers basic grammar.

Especially for motorists, an audio course "Finnish driving" was created. It will help you learn to understand foreign speech and speak correctly on simple topics. After listening to it, you will learn the most common expressions in colloquial speech. However, you should not expect that with the help of audio and video courses you can easily and quickly master the language. Finnish will remain a mystery to you if you trust only this source of information.

Online resources - a storehouse of useful information

In addition to the above tutorials, there are many useful online resources for learning Finnish. Noteworthy is the project of Alexander Demyanov "Finland: language, culture and history". The site contains a variety of information. There are Finnish lessons for beginners, grammar materials, exercises of varying difficulty with attached answers for self-control, video and audio courses, reading texts that will definitely not be boring. Among them are the fairy tales of Timo Parvelo, written simply and with a sense of humor. The author also publishes articles about culture, cinema, music, literature and history of Finland. The site is suitable for different levels of language proficiency.

Of interest is also the project of Natalia Savela "Site about the Finnish language, Finland and ...". It will be helpful for beginners. There are Finnish lessons with grammar and vocabulary exercises. The words on the site are voiced and accompanied by illustrations. The author brings to the attention of visitors materials about Finland, in particular about holidays and obtaining a visa.

Communication with native speakers is the best practice

An important component of learning a foreign language is its application in practice. Communication will bring more benefits than phonetics. It is good if native speakers become your interlocutors. If you don't have friends from Finland, use specialized resources. One of them is the Italki website. In the "Language exchange" section, find a Finn interlocutor who wants to learn Russian. You can also practice Finnish on the Suomi24 Internet resource, in the thematic groups of the social networks VKontakte and Facebook. There you can find both native speakers and people who study it. For a live conversation, use Skype.

Finnish fun: learning app 50 languages

What other resources are suitable for people who decide to learn Finnish? For beginners, the Android app 50 languages ​​will be useful. Download it from the Play Market, activate your account and get started. Here you can learn the alphabet, numerals, words on various topics. Each section is voiced and equipped with test tasks, for example, you need to understand the inscription or recognize the word by ear. The application has a lot of vocabulary games, and there is also a voiced dictionary with pictures.

Maximum immersion in the language will provide a quick result

The more foreign language you have in your life, the faster it is learned. Listen to Finnish radio on the Internet. Watch TV shows and movies in the language you are learning. Read adapted or original books, online magazines, newspapers. Change the language on your tablet and phone from Russian to Finnish.

Engage in writing, reading, listening and speaking equally, and then you will achieve your goal: master a foreign language. It is not so difficult to learn Finnish, the main thing is the desire and regular classes.

 The Finnish language is part of the Finno-Ugric group, which includes, in addition to the Finnish language, Hungarian, Estonian, Mordovian, Udmurt, Mari, Karelian and other languages. These languages ​​differ from Slavic and other Indo-European languages.

First, let's talk a little about phonetics.
The meaning of a sound does not change depending on where in the word the letter denoting this sound is located. In Finnish, each sound is always written with the same letter. Long sounds are denoted by two identical letters and have a semantic difference:

The audio tag is not supported by your browser.

Vowels

Vowels divided into posterior a, o, u and anterior lingual ä, ö, y, e, i .

a	Open rear sound, almost like a Russian A in a word there.
o	Semi-bowed back sound, rounded lips. Almost like Russian O in a word elephant.
u	Bowed back sound, tongue lifts back up with force, lips are rounded more than in pronunciation O. Almost like in the Russian word here.
ä	Open front sound. The tongue is located in front of the mouth, low. like english A, in words bag, shall.
ö	Semi-bowed front sound. The lips are rounded and extended forward. As in the German word schon or when we pronounce a syllable BYO.
y	Bowed front sound. The tongue rises with force forward upwards. Lips are rounded and narrowed more than when pronouncing ö . As in the German word funf or French mur or in Russian syllable BU.
e	Close to Russian uh in a word this.
i	Corresponds to Russian sound And but deeper. The gap between the lips is narrow. like english i in a word hill.



You can learn and listen to the names of the letters of the alphabet and their pronunciation on the site
http://donnerwetter.kielikeskus.helsinki.fi/finnishforforeigners/ch1-en/ch1-gr-aakkoset.html.

There are many other audio files on this site, but they are loaded with difficulty. Therefore, I decided to record for you auto-generated words and phrases by Google translator. I hope they will help you in the process of training.

Now practice pronouncing simple words with single and double vowels:

a	aa		ä	ää
vap a	vap aa		tan ä	tan ää n
k a ri	k aa ri		sein ä n	sein ää n
r a ja	r aa ja		v ä rin	v ää rin
s a na	S aa na		t ä lla	t ää lla
e	ee		ö	öö
t e	t ee		Tool ö	Tool öö n
Ven e	Ven ee n		laht ö	laht öö n
ken e n	ken ee n		hop ö n	hop öö n
men e n	menn ee n		sop ö n	sop öö n
o	oo		i	ii
kok o n	kok oo n		t i li	t ii li
k o ta	k oo ta		l i ka	l ii ka
o tto	oo tte		k i vi	k ii vi
r o po	R oo pe		s i vu	s ii vu
u	uu		y	yy
tups u n	tups uu n		k y ky	k yy kky
luk u	luk uu n		sylt y n	syltt yy n
suk u	suk uu n		t y vi	t yy ni
t u li	t uu li		r y ppy	r yy ppy

 The audio tag is not supported by your browser. Download text. The audio tag is not supported by your browser.

At the initial stage, I studied from a book and as a result I learned the pronunciation of the letter incorrectly e, I pronounced it like Russian E, but how should E. The melody of the words immediately changes. Many Russian speakers instead ä They say I, but instead y - Yu. It immediately cuts the ears. Pay attention to this.

Now practice pronouncing the front and back vowels:

a	ä		e	i
tana	tana		veri	vire
ala	ala		veli	vili
saa	sää		kelo	kilo
pelata	pelata		kepea	kipea
o	ö		i	y
kolo	koro		tiili	tyyli
lopo	lopo		tilli	tylli
luoda	lyoda		viihde	vyyhdet
tuo	tyo		siina	syyna
u	y		e	ä
suu	syy		seka	saka
kuu	kyy		elake	ala
luku	kyky		veli	Vali
tulli	tylli		veri	vari

The audio tag is not supported by your browser. The audio tag is not supported by your browser.  Exercise:
- Practice saying the words from the previous exercises.
- Learn words

1. auto - car
2. bussy - bus
3. huone - room
4. talo - house
5. kissa - cat
6. koira - dog
7. huono - bad
8. hyva - good
9. iso - large
10. pieni - small
11. kukka - flower
12. kuva-painting
13. kello clock
14. kirja - book
15. musta - black
16. valkoinen - white
17. uusi - new
18. vanha - old
19. poyta - table
20. tuoli - chair



Language is a means of communication. Language allows people to understand each other. At the same time, language can be a major barrier to understanding, as there are thousands of different languages ​​on our planet.

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