The title of the painting is morning in a pine forest. "Morning in a pine forest"

It just so happened that a century ago, designers chose a painting by Shishkin and Savitsky for the packaging of sweets "Mishka kosolapy" and their analogues. And if Shishkin is known for forest landscapes, then Savitsky was remembered by a wide audience exclusively for bears.

With rare exceptions, the plot of Shishkin's paintings (if you look at this issue broadly) is one - nature. Ivan Ivanovich is an enthusiastic, enamored contemplator. And the viewer becomes an eyewitness of the artist's meeting with his native spaces.

Shishkin was an extraordinary connoisseur of the forest. About trees different breeds he knew everything and noticed the mistakes in the drawing. In the open air, the artist's students were ready to literally hide in the bushes, just not to hear the spacing in the spirit of "There can be no such birch" or "these pines are fake."

As for people and animals, they occasionally appeared in Ivan Ivanovich's paintings, but they were more of a background than an object of attention. “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the only canvas where bears compete with the forest. For this, thanks to one of Shishkin's best friends - the artist Konstantin Savitsky.

The idea for the painting was suggested to Shishkin by Savitsky, who later acted as a co-author and depicted the figures of cubs. These bears, with some differences in posture and number (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches. The animals turned out so well for Savitsky that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. Savitsky himself told his relatives: "The painting was sold for 4 thousand, and I am a participant in the 4th share."

“Morning in a Pine Forest” is a painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky. Savitsky painted the bears, but the collector Pavel Tretyakov erased his signature, so Shishkin alone is often credited as the painting's author.

The picture conveys in detail the state of nature seen by the artist on the island of Gorodomlya. Shown not deaf dense forest, but the sunlight breaking through the columns of tall trees. You can feel the depth of the ravines, the power of centuries-old trees, the sunlight, as it were, timidly looks into this dense forest. The frolicking bear cubs feel the approach of morning.

Portrait of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898) by I. N. Kramskoy. 1880

Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky
(1844 - 1905)
Photo.

Ivan Shishkin glorified not only his hometown(Elabuga) to the whole country, but also to the entire vast territory of Russia to the whole world. His most famous painting is Morning in a Pine Forest. Why is she so famous and why is she considered practically the standard of painting? Let's try to understand this issue.

Shishkin and landscapes

Ivan Shishkin is a famous landscape painter. His unique style work originates from the Düsseldorf school of drawing. But, unlike most of his colleagues, the artist passed the main techniques through himself, which allowed him to create a unique style that is not inherent in anyone else.

Shishkin admired nature all his life, she inspired him to create numerous masterpieces from a million colors and shades. The artist has always tried to depict the flora as he sees it, without any exaggerations and decorations.

He tried to choose landscapes untouched by human hand. Virgin, like the forests of the taiga. combine realism with a poetic view of nature. Ivan Ivanovich saw poetry in the play of light and shadow, in the power of Mother Earth, in the fragility of one Christmas tree standing in the wind.

The versatility of the artist

It's hard to imagine such brilliant artist the head of the city or the school teacher. But Shishkin combined many talents. Coming from a merchant family, he had to follow in the footsteps of his parent. In addition, Shishkin's good nature quickly attracted people all over the city to him. He was elected to the post of manager and helped to develop his native Yelabuga as best he could. Naturally, this manifested itself in the writing of paintings. Peru Shishkin owns the "History of the city of Yelabuga".

Ivan Ivanovich managed to paint pictures and participate in fascinating archaeological excavations. For some time he lived abroad, and even became an academician in Düsseldorf.

Shishkin was an active member of the Wanderers, where he met with other famous Russian artists. He was considered a real authority among other painters. They tried to inherit the style of the master, and the paintings inspired both writers and painters.

After himself, he left a memory of numerous landscapes that have become decorations of museums and private collections around the globe.

After Shishkin, few people managed to depict the whole versatility of Russia's nature so realistically and so beautifully. Whatever happened in the artist's personal life, he did not let his troubles be reflected on the canvases.

background

The artist treated the forest nature with great trepidation, she literally captivated him with her countless colors, variety of shades, the rays of the sun breaking through the thick pine branches.

Painting "Morning in pine forest"became the embodiment of this Shishkin's love for the forest. It gained popularity very quickly, and was soon used in pop culture, on stamps, and even on candy wrappers. To this day, it is carefully kept in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Description: "Morning in a pine forest"

Ivan Shishkin managed to capture one moment from a whole forest life. He conveyed with the help of a drawing the moment of the beginning of the day, when the sun had just begun to rise. An amazing moment of the birth of a new life. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” depicts an awakening forest and still sleepy bear cubs who are getting out of a secluded dwelling.

In this picture, as in many others, the artist wanted to emphasize the immensity of nature. To do this, he cut off the tops of the pines at the top of the canvas.

If you look closely, you can see that the roots of the tree on which the cubs frolic have been torn out. Shishkin seemed to emphasize that this forest is so unsociable and deaf that only animals can live in it, and the trees fall by themselves, from old age.

In the morning in a pine forest, Shishkin indicated with the help of the fog that we see between the trees. Thanks to this artistic move, the time of day becomes obvious.

co-authorship

Shishkin was an excellent landscape painter, but rarely took on the images of animals in his works. The painting "Morning in a Pine Forest" was no exception. He created the landscape, but the four cubs were painted by another artist, an animal specialist, Konstantin Savitsky. They say that it was he who suggested the very idea for this picture. Drawing morning in a pine forest, Shishkin took Savitsky as a co-author, and the picture was originally signed by the two of them. However, after the canvas was transferred to the gallery, Tretyakov considered Shishkin's work to be more extensive and erased the name of the second artist.

Story

Shishkin and Savitsky went to nature. This is how the story began. The morning in the pine forest seemed so beautiful to them that it was impossible not to immortalize it on canvas. To search for a prototype, they went to Gordomlya Island, which stands on Lake Seliger. They found this landscape and new inspiration for the painting.

The island, all covered with forests, kept the remains of virgin nature. For many centuries it stood untouched. This could not leave artists indifferent.

Claims

The painting was born in 1889. Although initially Savitsky complained to Tretyakov that he erased his name, he soon changed his mind and abandoned this masterpiece in favor of Shishkin.

He substantiated his decision by the fact that the style of the painting fully corresponds to what Ivan Ivanovich did, and even the sketches of the bears originally belonged to him.

Facts and misconceptions

Like any famous painting, the painting "Morning in a Pine Forest" is of great interest. Consequently, she has a number of interpretations, she is mentioned in literature and in the cinema. This masterpiece is spoken about both in high society and on the streets.

Over time, some facts have been changed, and general misconceptions are firmly rooted in society:

• One of the common mistakes is the opinion that Vasnetsov created Morning in a Pine Forest together with Shishkin. Viktor Mikhailovich, of course, was familiar with Ivan Ivanovich, since they were together in the club of the Wanderers. However, Vasnetsov could not be the author of such a landscape. If you pay attention to his style, he is not at all like Shishkin, they belong to different art schools. These names are still mentioned together from time to time. Vasnetsov is not that artist. "Morning in a pine forest", without any doubt, drew Shishkin.
• The name of the painting sounds like "Morning in a pine forest." Bor is just a second name that people seemed to find more appropriate and mysterious.
• Unofficially, some Russians still call the painting "Three Bears", which is a gross mistake. The animals in the picture are not three, but four. It is likely that the canvas began to be called that because of the popular Soviet time sweets called "Bear clubfoot". The wrapper depicted a reproduction of Shishkin's "Morning in a Pine Forest". The people gave the candy the name "Three Bears".
• The picture has its "first version". Shishkin painted another canvas of the same theme. He called it "Fog in the pine forest." Not many people know about this picture. She is rarely remembered. Cloth not available Russian Federation. To this day it is kept in private collection in Poland.
• Initially, there were only two bear cubs in the picture. Shishkin later decided that four clubfoot must be present in the image. Thanks to the addition of two more bears, the genre of the picture has changed. She began to be on the "borderline", as some elements of the game scene appeared on the landscape.

exposition

The picture is popular due to the entertaining plot. However true value works is a beautifully expressed state of nature, seen by the artist in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. It is not a dense dense forest that is shown, but sunlight breaking through the columns of giants. You can feel the depth of the ravines, the power of centuries-old trees. And the sunlight, as it were, timidly looks into this dense forest. The frolicking bear cubs feel the approach of morning. We are observers of wildlife and its inhabitants.

Story

Shishkin was suggested the idea of ​​the painting by Savitsky. Bears wrote Savitsky in the picture itself. These bears, with some differences in posture and number (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches. The bears turned out so well for Savitsky that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. However, when Tretyakov bought the painting, he removed Savitsky's signature, leaving the authorship to Shishkin. Indeed, in the picture, Tretyakov said, “starting from the idea and ending with the execution, everything speaks of the manner of painting, of creative method, characteristic of Shishkin".

• Most Russians say this picture"Three Bears", despite the fact that in the picture there are not three, but four bears. This is apparently due to the fact that during the Soviet era in grocery stores sweets "Bear clubfoot" with a reproduction of this picture on a wrapper were sold, which were popularly called "Three Bears".
• Another erroneous everyday name is “Morning in a Pine Forest” (tautology: a forest is a pine forest).

Notes

Literature

• Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Correspondence. Diary. Contemporaries about the artist / Comp. I. N. Shuvalova - L .: Art, Leningrad branch, 1978;
• Alenov M. A., Evangulova O. S., Livshits L. I. Russian art XI - early XX century. - M.: Art, 1989;
• Anisov L. Shishkin. - M .: Young Guard, 1991. - (Series: Life of wonderful people);
• State Russian Museum. Leningrad. Painting XII - early XX century. - M.: art, 1979;
• Dmitrienko A. F., Kuznetsova E. V., Petrova O. F., Fedorova N. A. 50 short biographies masters of Russian art. - Leningrad, 1971;
• Lyaskovskaya O. A. Plener in Russian painting of the 19th century. - M.: Art, 1966.

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See what "Morning in a Pine Forest" is in other dictionaries:

- MORNING IN THE PINE FOREST, Canada Latvia, BURRACUDA FILM PRODUCTION/ATENTAT KULTURE, 1998, color, 110 min. Documentary. ABOUT creative expression six young people seeking mutual understanding through creativity. Their life is shown during ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia

MORNING IN A PINE FOREST- Painting by I.I. Shishkin. Created in 1889, located in the Tretyakov Gallery. Dimensions 139 × 213 cm. One of the most famous landscapes in the work of Shishkin depicts a dense impenetrable forest* of central Russia. In the thicket of the forest on fallen trees ... ... Linguistic Dictionary

Jarg. stud. First scheduled in the morning training session. (Recorded 2003) ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings

Ivan Shishkin. Morning in a pine forest. 1889 Tretyakov Gallery

"Morning in a pine forest" - the most famous picture Ivan Shishkin. No, take it higher. This is the most popular painting in Russia.

But this fact, it seems to me, is of little use to the masterpiece itself. Even hurt him.

When it's too popular, it flickers everywhere and everywhere. in every textbook. On candy wrappers (with which the frenzied popularity of the picture began 100 years ago).

As a result, the viewer loses interest in the picture. We skim over it with a quick glance with the thought "Ah, it's her again ...". And we pass by.

For the same reason, I did not write about it. Although for several years I have been writing articles about masterpieces. And one would wonder how I missed this blockbuster. But now you know why.

I am correcting myself. For I want to take a closer look at Shishkin's masterpiece with you.

Why "Morning in a Pine Forest" is a masterpiece

Shishkin was a realist to the core. He depicted the forest very believably. Carefully choosing colors. Such realism easily pulls the viewer into the picture.

Look at least at the color schemes.

Pale emerald needles in the shade. Light green color of young grass in the rays of the morning sun. Dark ocher needles on a fallen tree.

The fog is also tailored from a combination of different shades. Greenish in shade. Blueish in the light. And it turns into yellowness closer to the tops of the trees.

Ivan Shishkin. Morning in a pine forest (detail). 1889 Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

All this complexity creates the general impression of being in this forest. You feel this forest. Don't just see it. The craftsmanship is incredible.

But Shishkin's paintings, alas, are often compared with photographs. Considering the master deeply old-fashioned. Why such realism, if there are photo-images?

I do not agree with this position. It is important what angle the artist chooses, what lighting, what fog and even moss. All this together reveals to us a piece of the forest from a special side. Like we wouldn't see it. But we see - through the eyes of the artist.

And through his eyes we experience pleasant emotions: delight, inspiration, nostalgia. And this is the point: to encourage the viewer to a spiritual response.

Savitsky - assistant or co-author of a masterpiece?

The story with the co-authorship of Konstantin Savitsky seems strange to me. In all sources, you will read that Savitsky was an animal painter, which is why he volunteered to help his friend Shishkin. Like, such realistic bears are his merit.

But if you look at Savitsky's works, you will immediately understand that animalistics is NOT his main genre.

He was typical. He often wrote to the poor. Radel with the help of paintings for the disadvantaged. Here is one of his outstanding works, "Meeting the Icon."

Konstantin Savitsky. Icon meeting. 1878 Tretyakov Gallery.

Yes, on it, in addition to the crowd, there are also horses. Savitsky really knew how to portray them very realistically.

But Shishkin also easily coped with a similar task, if you look at his animalistic works. In my opinion, he did not worse than Savitsky.

Ivan Shishkin. Goby. 1863 Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Therefore, it is not entirely clear why Shishkin instructed Savitsky to write the bears. I'm sure he could handle it himself. They were friends. Perhaps it was an attempt to help a friend financially? Shishkin was more successful. He received serious money for his paintings.

For the bears, Savitsky received 1/4 of the fee from Shishkin - as much as 1000 rubles (with our money, this is about 0.5 million rubles!) It is unlikely that Savitsky could have received such an amount for a whole own work.

Formally, Tretyakov was right. After all, the whole composition was thought out by Shishkin. Even the posture and location of the bears. This is obvious when looking at the sketches.

Co-authorship as a phenomenon in Russian painting

In addition, this is not the first such case in Russian painting. I immediately remembered Aivazovsky's painting "Pushkin's Farewell to the Sea." Pushkin in the picture of the great marine painter was painted by ... Ilya Repin.

But his name is not in the picture. It's not a bear though. And yet great poet. Which you need not just realistically portray. But to be expressive. So that the same farewell to the sea is read in the eyes.

Ivan Aivazovsky (co-authored with I. Repin). Pushkin's farewell to the sea. 1877 All-Russian Museum A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg. wikipedia.org

In my opinion, this is a more difficult task than the image of bears. Nevertheless, Repin did not insist on co-authorship. On the contrary, he was incredibly happy to work with the great Aivazovsky.

Savitsky was more proud. Offended by Tretyakov. But he continued to be friends with Shishkin.

But we cannot deny that without the bears, this painting would not have become the artist's most recognizable painting. It would be another masterpiece of Shishkin. Majestic and breathtaking scenery.

But he wouldn't be that popular. It was the bears who played their part. This means that Savitsky should not be completely discounted.

How to rediscover "Morning in a Pine Forest"

And in conclusion, I want to return to the problem of overdose with the image of a masterpiece. How can you look at it with fresh eyes?

I think it's possible. To do this, look at a little-known sketch for the painting.

Ivan Shishkin. Sketch for the painting "Morning in a Pine Forest". 1889 Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

It is done in quick strokes. The figures of the bears are only outlined and painted by Shishkin himself. Particularly impressive is the light in the form of golden vertical strokes.

Plot

With rare exceptions, the plot of Shishkin's paintings (if you look at this issue broadly) is one - nature. Ivan Ivanovich is an enthusiastic, enamored contemplator. And the viewer becomes an eyewitness of the artist's meeting with his native spaces.

Shishkin was an extraordinary connoisseur of the forest. He knew everything about trees of different species and noticed mistakes in the drawing. In the open air, the artist’s students were literally ready to hide in the bushes, just not to hear the dressing in the spirit of “There can’t be such a birch” or “these fake pines”.

The students were so afraid of Shishkin that they hid in the bushes.

As for people and animals, they occasionally appeared in Ivan Ivanovich's paintings, but they were more of a background than an object of attention. “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the only canvas where bears compete with the forest. For this, thanks to one of Shishkin's best friends - the artist Konstantin Savitsky. He proposed such a composition and depicted animals. True, Pavel Tretyakov, who bought the canvas, lost the name of Savitsky, therefore for a long time bears were attributed to Shishkin.

Portrait of Shishkin by I. N. Kramskoy. 1880

Context

Before Shishkin, it was fashionable to paint Italian and Swiss landscapes. “Even in those rare cases when artists took up the image of Russian areas, Russian nature was Italianized, pulled up to the ideal of Italian beauty,” recalled Alexandra Komarova, Shishkin’s niece. Ivan Ivanovich was the first who painted Russian nature realistically with such rapture. So that looking at his paintings, a person would say: “There is a Russian spirit, there it smells of Russia.”

Rye. 1878

And now the story of how Shishkin's canvas became a wrapper. Around the same time that “Morning in a Pine Forest” was presented to the public, Julius Geis, the head of the “Einem Partnership”, was brought a candy for testing: a thick layer of almond praline between two wafer plates and glazed chocolate. The confectioner liked the candy. Geis thought about the name. Here his gaze lingered on the reproduction of the painting by Shishkin and Savitsky. And so the idea of ​​\u200b\u200b"Clumsy Bear" appeared.

The wrapper, familiar to everyone, appeared in 1913, it was created by the artist Manuil Andreev. To the plot of Shishkin and Savitsky, he added a frame from spruce branches And stars of bethlehem- in those years, sweets were the most expensive and desired gift for the Christmas holidays. Over time, the wrapper went through various adjustments, but conceptually remained the same.

The fate of the artist

“Lord, can my son really be a house painter!” - Ivan Shishkin's mother lamented when she realized that she could not convince her son, who decided to become an artist. The boy was terribly afraid of becoming an official. And by the way, it's good that he didn't. The fact is that Shishkin had an uncontrollable craving for drawing. Literally every sheet that was in the hands of Ivan was covered with drawings. Just imagine what the official Shishkin could do with the documents!

Shishkin knew all the botanical details about trees

Ivan Ivanovich studied painting first in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg. Life was hard. The artist Pyotr Neradovsky, whose father studied and lived with Ivan Ivanovich, wrote in his memoirs: “Shishkin was so poor that he often did not have his own boots. To go somewhere out of the house, it happened that he put on his father's boots. On Sundays they went to dinner together at my father's sister's.

Wild in the north. 1891

But everything was forgotten in the summer in the open air. Together with Savrasov and other classmates, they went somewhere outside the city and there they painted sketches from nature. “There, in nature, we really studied ... We studied in nature, and also rested from gypsum,” Shishkin recalled. Even then, he chose the theme of life: “I really love the Russian forest and only write it. The artist needs to choose one thing that he likes the most ... You can’t scatter in any way. By the way, Shishkin learned to masterfully write Russian nature abroad. He studied in the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland. Pictures brought from Europe brought the first decent money.

After the death of his wife, brother and son, Shishkin drank for a long time and could not work.

Meanwhile in Russia, the Wanderers protested against the Academicians. Shishkin was incredibly happy about this. In addition, among the rebels, many were friends of Ivan Ivanovich. True, over time, he quarreled with both those and others and was very worried about this.

Shishkin died suddenly. He sat down at the canvas, just about to start work, yawned once. and all. That's exactly what the painter wanted - "instantly, immediately, so as not to suffer." Ivan Ivanovich was 66 years old.