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Research work on the topic "proper names in proverbs and sayings". Proper names in proverbs and sayings Makar proverbs

Introduction

Main part

1.1 Proverbs and sayings: the history of similarities and differences.

1.2 The role of the name in human life and in Russian folklore.

2.1 Male and female names in proverbs and sayings.

3.1 Names of cities in proverbs.

4.1 Names of rivers in proverbs and sayings.

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

At the lessons of literature, we studied the section "Oral Folk Art". Since elementary school I was interested in the genre of proverbs and sayings. The name is one of the most important life path person. That is why I decided to take the topic “ Proper names in Russian proverbs and sayings.

And why do we need proper names in proverbs? Let's take as an example the proverb: "Fedot is not the same." Is that what they say about a person who can't do anything? Or about a person who lies a lot? Is the name Fedot used for rhyming? (Fedot is not the one).

The purpose of the study is to find out what is the role of proper names in Russian proverbs and sayings.

Research objectives:

Define the terms "proverb" and "saying".

From a huge number of Russian proverbs and sayings, make a selection with the proper names found in them.

Find out why we need male and female names in proverbs and sayings.

Analyze proper names denoting the names of cities and rivers.

The object of the study is Russian proverbs and sayings

The subject of the study is proper names (male and female names, names of rivers and cities).

Research methods - reading educational, popular science and reference literature; search for information in global computer networks; analysis; etymological analysis; generalization and systematization.

Main part

Proverbs and sayings: history of occurrence, similarities and differences.

Oral folk art, or folklore, was born in ancient times, in the pre-literate era. In countless creations of nameless authors, who for centuries have composed and retold epics and legends, fairy tales and parables, lullabies and laments, nursery rhymes and carols and many other works of various genres, amazing talent, real wisdom, humanity and beauty, mischief and good humor of the people are forever imprinted . No wonder the living roots of folklore nourished the work of such masters of the word as Pushkin and Lermontov, Nekrasov and Tolstoy, and continue to pour a living stream into the language contemporary writers.

Proverbs and sayings are considered to be one of the most popular small genres of folklore. Usually they are placed side by side, although there are clear differences between them.

Proverbs are short folk sayings applied to various phenomena of life. They arose during the primitive communal system, long before the appearance of the first literary monuments. Since they were passed from mouth to mouth, their main feature was the accuracy and conciseness of the content. To convey the necessary information, the authors of proverbs had to be extremely careful in choosing certain words.

Usually a proverb consists of two or three parts. The first part contains an accurate description of the phenomenon or object, and the second part contains its expressive assessment. Most often, the proverb has a double meaning: direct and figurative. The direct meaning is associated with a specific observation and its assessment, the hidden one reflects the centuries-old experience of the people, therefore, in some cases, the proverb must be solved in the same way as the riddle: “Know your hearth cricket.”

The source of proverbs can be not only everyday Speaking but also literary works. So, in the comedy of A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”, according to the comments of researchers, there are about 60 expressions that have become proverbs.

The first proverbs appeared a very long time ago. They were formed by the simple Russian people. Many of the proverbs were used in ancient chronicles and works. One of the first collections of proverbs was compiled by Aristotle. In Russia, collections of proverbs appear at the end of the 17th century and begin to be published almost immediately. The most famous collection of "Proverbs of the Russian people", containing more than 25,000 texts, was compiled by V.I.Dal.

A proverb is a phrase that reflects a phenomenon of life, often has a humorous character. Distinctive feature is a combination of brevity and brightness of an assessment or description. Unlike a proverb, it does not contain a generalizing instructive meaning and is not a complete sentence. A saying can usually replace a word. For example: “He doesn’t knit Lyka” instead of “drunk”, “I didn’t invent gunpowder” instead of “fool”.

Unlike proverbs, many sayings came into everyday speech from literary works and began to independent life as a folk genre.

Sometimes they completely lose touch with the works from which they came. Here, for example, the expression "from the ship to the ball." All reference books indicate that its source is a novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Meanwhile, it was known in Russian as early as the 18th century, since it appeared in the reign of Peter I and had already become a proverb. It was in this sense that A.S. Griboedov used it in the comedy "Woe from Wit".

Some proverbs and sayings appeared in connection with historical events. So, in folk sayings, the times of the period of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, the events of the Russian-Swedish war of the beginning of the 18th century, the Patriotic War with Napoleon, civil war beginning of the XX century, the Great Patriotic War with Nazi Germany.

Some of the proverbs and sayings came from the works of Russian folklore - songs, fairy tales, riddles, legends, anecdotes. For example, proverbs and sayings came out of fairy tales: “The beaten unbeaten one is lucky”, “Soon the fairy tale affects, but the deed is not done soon.” Some proverbs originated from church books. For example, the saying from the Bible "God gave, Lord and father" was translated into Russian: "God gave, God took."

What is the main difference between a proverb and a saying?

So, a proverb is a whole sentence, and a saying is just a phrase or phrase. This is the main feature that distinguishes proverbs from sayings.

The proverb contains morality, morality, instruction. A saying is just an eloquent expression that can be easily replaced by other words.

For example:

"Small spool but precious". (Proverb) "Small, but daring." (Proverb)

“Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water” (Proverb) “Stay with your nose” (Proverb)

In the process of research, we noticed that proverbs and sayings are often confused. The title says: "Proverbs and sayings", and in the text itself there are only proverbs. In order not to confuse them, you need to know the definition of these terms.

1.2. The role of the name in human life and in Russian folklore.

Proverbs and sayings are perhaps the first brilliant manifestation of the creativity of the people. The omnipresence of proverbs is striking - they relate to all objects, invade all areas of human existence. Folk art has not bypassed its attention and the "nominal" theme.

Our name is both the history of the Russian people and component Russian language. The role of a name in a person's life is very great. Everyone can be called only by name, therefore all of his good or bad deeds made public by name. essential role in the communication of people, names played in all eras. Personal proper names of people are part of history and universal culture, as they reflect life, aspirations, fantasy and artistic creativity peoples.

Poetic creativity, represented by proverbs and sayings, truly reflects the original, rich mind of the Russian people, their experience, views on life, nature, and society. In oral linguistic creativity, the people captured their customs and customs, hopes, high moral qualities, national history and culture. So, rhyming sayings with names that have become a constant characteristic are very popular: Alekha is not a catch; Andrey-rotosey; Afonka-quietly, Fedul pouted his lips; Filat is not guilty, etc. Proverbs and sayings are applied in life to a specific situation and to a specific person who has his own name that does not match the name in the proverb. It is by this clash of two names - the real and the "unreal" - that generalization is achieved. Thus, the proverbial name is a generalization of the characteristic properties of a person.

2.1. Male and female names in proverbs and sayings.

We have studied 220 proverbs and sayings with proper names. They can be divided into 3 groups:

1) Personal male and female names.

2) City names

3) The names of the rivers.

The first group includes 170 proverbs and sayings with male and female names. Of the 170 proverbs, there were 129 with male names. The most common name was Thomas. It has been used 15 times.

In proverbs and sayings, the name Thomas was given to indicate such character traits as stupidity (They talk about Thomas, and he talks about Yerema.), stubbornness (Yerema into the water, Thomas to the bottom: both are stubborn, they haven’t been from the bottom.), inattention ( I went to Foma, but drove to my godfather.), irresponsibility (They beat Foma for Eremin’s guilt), absent-mindedness (Goodness came to Foma, but went between his hands), laziness (Who cares what, and Foma sucks), inadequacy (People are like people , and Thomas is like a demon), self-criticism (He loved to joke about Thomas, so love yourself too.) And a person with a memorable appearance (They know Thomas in the matting row).

This name was very popular in the 19th - early 20th centuries, especially in the provinces and in the countryside. Now the name is almost never used, probably because its sound energy is completely preserved in the Russian sound and amazingly accurately conveys the character of the Apostle Thomas, nicknamed the unbeliever.
Thomas - holy apostle, 19 (6) October. Saint Thomas was a Galilean fisherman who followed the Lord Jesus Christ and became his disciple and apostle. According to Holy Scripture, the Apostle Thomas did not believe the stories of other disciples about the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. On the eighth day after the Resurrection, the Lord appeared to the Apostle Thomas and showed his wounds, after which, convinced of the truth of the Bright Resurrection of Christ, the apostle exclaimed: "My Lord and my God." According to church tradition, Saint Thomas preached the Christian

faith in Palestine, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Ethiopia and India. For the conversion to Christ of the son and wife of the ruler of the Indian city of Meliapor (Melipura), the holy apostle was imprisoned, endured torture, and died, pierced with five spears.

In proverbs, the Russian people represent Thomas as a simpleton, a stupid and lazy person.

In second place is the name Yeremey, used 13 times. In the text, the name was used in an abbreviated form: Yerema, Yermoshka.

The name Eremey has Hebrew roots, in translation it means "exalted by God." The name was borrowed with the adoption of Christianity, it was adapted to the peculiarities of the phonetics of the Old Russian language. In a vast layer of proverbs, the name Yeremey appears together with the name Thomas; these proverbs are reinterpretations of the folklore Tale of Thomas and Yeryom, a literary work of the 17th century.

Yerema is the hero of a literary work, who tries his hand at various activities, tries to take on everything at once, but nothing comes of it. This is shown in proverbs. "Yerema, Yerema, you should sit at home and sharpen the spindles." "Yerema, stay at home - the weather is bad." “Every Jeremey understands to himself: when to sow, when to reap, when to throw into stacks.” These proverbs speak of the need for the timeliness of certain actions.

And in this proverb Yerema is an envious person. "Eremeev's tears are shed over someone else's beer."

Characters with the name Yeremey in proverbs make up a portrait of a loser.

The third most popular name is Makar. The name is male, of Greek origin, translated "blessed" "happy."

In the Christian nomenclature, the name Macarius is associated with several early Christian saints, among whom the most famous Macarius the Great (IV century) is a hermit, the author of several spiritual works. Macarius of Alexandria, who was his contemporary and friend, is also revered as a saint. Macarius of Antioch was tortured and exiled during the reign of Julian the Apostate (361-363). Also known is the martyr Macarius, who was executed for professing Christianity in 311 under the emperor Galerius.

In proverbs and sayings, the name Makar met 9 times and was used to show such character traits:

Luck. “Yesterday Makar dug the ridges, and now Makar got into the governors.” I believe that the proverb is related to the meaning of the name itself.

Makar is associated not only with luck, but also with misfortune. "All the bumps fall on poor Makar - both from pines and from fir-trees." It looks like the story of the martyr Macarius.

"They will drive them to places where Makar did not drive calves." Previously, cows and calves were grazed far in the meadows or fields. That is, very far away, where the calves were not driven.

It looks like the story of Macarius of Antioch, who was sent into exile.

"Makar bow, and Makar on seven sides." Here is described the case when a person becomes conceited.

There are also proverbs that have the same meaning, but they use different names. Yermoshka is rich: there is a goat and a cat. "In Makar's house there is a cat, a mosquito and a midge." Proverbs point to the poverty of the characters.

We considered 43 more male names: Vavila, Nikita, Ivan, Vlas, Philip, Peter, Pavel, Arseniy, Ilya, Kuzma, Fedot, Isai, Gerasim, Danilo, Aksen, Demid, Klim, Filat, Moses, Yakov, Avdey, Grigory , Maxim, Boris, Martyn, Savely, Andrey, Trifon, Nikola, Afonya, Anton, Pahom, Taras, Kirilo, Avoska, Nesterka, Yegor, Sidor, Nazar, Styopa, Foka, Emelya, Sema, Fadey, Ipat and Trofim.

Data male names met in proverbs and sayings from one to five times.

In the process of research, we studied 41 proverbs and sayings with female names. Among them were such as Agrippina, Akulina, Antipas, Varvara, Mina, Katerina, Fedora, Julitta, Malanya, Gagula, Masha, Olena, Alena, Aksinya, Ustinya, Pelageya, Fekla. Some names are practically not used in our time.

The name Malanya full Malania is the most common in proverbs and sayings with female personal names. Used 6 times. Translated from Greek Malania means "dark, black".

The origin of the name is related to Ancient Greece, very common in English speaking countries. In the territory Slavic states gained popularity in the early Christian period.

Often, with age, admiration for talent and indulgence, which took place in childhood, contributes to the development of not the most best qualities in the character of adult Malania. She grows into a self-satisfied and self-centered woman, intolerant of the shortcomings of others. Malania's narcissism reaches the ridiculous and sometimes perplexes friends and acquaintances. She still plays for the audience, likes to laugh out loud, show emotions violently and draw attention to herself. I must say that Malania does it quite well.

These qualities of character are used in proverbs and sayings. For example: "Dress up like Malanya for a wedding." “They gave pancakes to hungry Malanya, and she says: they were baked wrong.”

Malanya is proverbially a finicky and selfish girl.

The second most frequently used name is Akulina. It is also used in abbreviated form: Akulya and Akulka.

Akulina has straightness and hardness. Usually such a woman is very purposeful, energetic, she knows how to stand up for herself. He does not like to cry and complain about life.

I think that this description is more suitable for a man. This can be seen in the proverb. “If I hadn’t been a good fellow, they would have called Akulka.”

Despite such tough character traits, they felt pity for her.

“It’s a pity for Akulina, but send raspberries each.” Because raspberries were collected in the forest, and they were very prickly.

The rest of the female names were used once, except for five names: Antipa, Varvara, Mina, Katerina and Fyodor, who met us twice.

3.1. Names of cities in proverbs.

The second group includes 43 proverbs and sayings with city names. In the process of research, we came across sayings and proverbs with the mention of such cities as Moscow, Kyiv. Peter, Kazan, Ryazan, Tula, Rostov, Tver, Yaroslavl.

The most common proper name was the capital of Russia - Moscow. This name appeared 25 times.

“In Moscow you will find everything, except for father and mother”

"In Moscow, save money - do not guard yourself"

“You don’t bow to everyone in Moscow”

"And put on a new scarf, but half of Moscow will not visit."

"Moscow does not believe in tears, give her a case."

“For thanks to my godfather, I went to Moscow on foot.”

"For the proverb, a man walked to Moscow on foot."

"Moscow is a mile away, but close to the heart"

In proverbs, Moscow is represented by a large, majestic city. She is far away, but people still remember and respect her. No wonder they say: "Moscow is the mother of all cities." This is probably why Moscow was cited in proverbs with other cities.

"Kazan-town - Moscow corner"

"Yaroslavl - a town - a corner of Moscow."

"Moscow hits from the toe, and Peter wiped his sides."

Often the name of the city serves to show the advantages of each region:

“They don’t go to Tula with their own samovar”

"Kazan - sturgeons, Siberia boasts of sables"

“Kashira sheathed all the matting, and Tula shod in bast shoes.”

Names of rivers in proverbs and sayings

In the third group, 7 proverbs with such proper names as the names of rivers were studied. In most cases, the Volga River was encountered.

"Each country has its own national river. Russia has the Volga - the largest river in Europe, the queen of our rivers - and I hastened to bow to Her Majesty the Volga River! "- this is how Alexander Dumas wrote about the great Russian river. The main nurse and waterer of European Russia, including Moscow. One of the truly Russian natural wonders is the great Volga River. One of the largest and most beautiful rivers in Europe, it is especially loved by the Russian people Mother Volga - so affectionately it is called not only in Russia.

More than half of Russia's industrial enterprises are concentrated in the Volga basin. And on the Volga land, almost half of the food products needed by our population are produced.

And she really is the queen of the rivers. Power and majesty, fabulous beauty surrounding nature And richest history glorified the Volga to the whole world even in the most ancient times.

Probably, because of its great glorification, the Volga River was most often used by the people in proverbs and sayings.

"Volga - mother river to all"

"There is a lot of water on the Volga, a lot of trouble"

“What is not in the Volga, then everything is for the Volga”

"When the Volga flows up"

“When there is nothing to pay the debt, he will go to the Volga”

“Mother Volga oppresses her back, but gives money”

The last two proverbs say that working on the river makes it possible to earn money, the Volga-nurse will not let you die of hunger.

Also, the name Volga is used to compare with the Danube River.

"Volga - to sail for a long time, and the Danube - wide." This proverb speaks of the length of the Volga and the breadth of the Danube.

Conclusion

After analyzing the groups of proverbs and sayings that include proper names, we can draw conclusions:

All the analyzed names used in proverbs and sayings had Hebrew, Greek or Latin roots and were subjected to adaptation of the phonetics of the Old Russian language.

The proverbs and sayings reflect the life of the people and historical events: “I went to Thomas, but drove to my godfather”, “Seven will go - they will take Siberia”.

Each name in a proverb or saying denotes its own character and is used to ridicule shortcomings, compare various qualities of character, or indicate the dignity of a person.

Male names are used to ridicule shortcomings: “Stupid Avdey was stabbed in the neck”, “Good came to Thomas, but went between the hands”; to show pity: “Filya was in power - all the others fell to him, and trouble came - everyone was away from the yard”, “All the cones fall on poor Makar - both from pines and fir trees”; to indicate the positive qualities of character: "Good and glory to the good Savva."

In proverbs and sayings with female names, people most often make fun of the heroines: “And our Olena became neither a peahen nor a crow”, “Grandma Varvara was angry at the world for three years; with that she died that the world did not recognize.

The most common male names were Foma: “To whom what, and Foma to the tune”; Yeremey: "Each Yeremey understand yourself"; Makar: “Makar went to the kut, where the calves are grazing”; female names: Akulina: "It's a pity for Akulina, but send raspberries"; Malania: "Dress up like Malanya for a wedding."

In proverbs and sayings, there is often a paired use of proper names: “Lambs for Malashka, and two bags for Foma”, “Vlady, Fadey, crooked Natalya”.

Proper names can be used in proverbs and sayings for rhyme: "Ananya da Malanya, Foma da godfather and took their place." (Ananya - Malanya, Foma - Kuma); “Let’s take it and paint it, and Gerasim will come out” (we’ll paint it - Gerasim).

The names of cities are used to indicate any shortcomings of the city: "To go to Moscow - to carry the last penny." But most often the merits are emphasized: “Kashira sheathed all the matting, and Tula shod in bast shoes”, “Kiev is the mother of Russian cities”, “Mother Moscow is white stone, golden-domed, hospitable, Orthodox, talkative”; or for comparison: "Moscow beats from the toe, and Peter wiped his sides", "Kazan - with sturgeons, Siberia boasts of sables."

The most common name of the city is Moscow - 28 times. The proverbs emphasize the size of Moscow: “You don’t bow to everyone in Moscow”, “Our town is a corner of Moscow”, “Yaroslavl is a town - a corner of Moscow”.

In proverbs with the names of rivers, the name Volga was encountered the most times - 7 times.

Bibliography
Anikin V., Selivanov F., Kirdan B. Russian proverbs and sayings. - M.: "Fiction", 1988.- 431 p.
Zarakhovich I., Tubelskaya G., Novikova E., Lebedeva A. 500 riddles, sayings, counting rhymes, nursery rhymes. - M.: "Malysh", 2013.- 415 p.
Zimin V., Ashurova S., Shansky V., Shatalova Z. Russian proverbs and sayings: educational dictionary. - M .: School - Press, 1994. - 320 p.
Kovaleva S. 7000 golden proverbs and sayings. - M .: AST Publishing House LLC, 2003. - 479 p.
Rose T. Big Dictionary proverbs and sayings of the Russian language for children. 2nd revised edition. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2013. -224 p.

List of Internet resources

http://riddle- middle.ru/pogovorki_i_poslovicy/
http://value-

Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution

SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL № 67

THE CITY OF TYUMEN NAMED AFTER THE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION BORIS KONSTANTINOVICH TANYGIN

(MAOU secondary school No. 67 of the city of Tyumen)

City scientific and practical conference "Step into the future - 2016"

Direction: Philology

Work on the topic: "Proper names in Russian proverbs and sayings"

Completed by: Dolgikh Anastasia,

student of the 6th "G" class

MAOU secondary school No. 67 of the city of Tyumen

Scientific adviser: Vlasova E.S.,

teacher of Russian language and literature

Tyumen - 2016

Introduction 3

Main part 4-11

1.1 Proverbs and sayings: history of occurrence similarities and differences 4-6

1.2 The role of the name in human life and in Russian folklore. 6

2.1 Male and female names in proverbs and sayings. 7-10

3.1 Names of cities in proverbs. 10-11

4.1 Names of rivers in proverbs and sayings. eleven

Conclusion 12-13

References……………………………………………………………………………….14

Introduction

At the lessons of literature, we studied the section "Oral Folk Art". Ever since elementary school, I was interested in the genre of proverbs and sayings. The name is one of the important components of a person's life path. That is why I decided to take the topic “Proper names in Russian proverbs and sayings” for research.

Purpose of the study - find out what is the role of proper names in Russian proverbs and sayings.

Research objectives:

Define the terms "proverb" and "saying".

From a huge number of Russian proverbs and sayings, make a selection with the proper names found in them.

Find out why we need male and female names in proverbs and sayings.

Analyze proper names denoting the names of cities and rivers.

Object of study - Russian proverbs and sayings

Subject of study - proper names (male and female names, names of rivers and cities).

Research methods - reading educational, popular science and reference literature; search for information in global computer networks; analysis; etymological analysis; generalization and systematization.

Main part

Proverbs and sayings are considered to be one of the most popular small genres of folklore. Usually they are placed side by side, although there are clear differences between them.

Usually a proverb consists of two or three parts. The first part contains an accurate description of the phenomenon or object, and the second part contains its expressive assessment.Most often, the proverb has a double meaning: direct and figurative. The direct meaning is associated with a specific observation and its assessment, the hidden one reflects the centuries-old experience of the people, therefore, in some cases, the proverb must be solved in the same way as the riddle: “Know your hearth cricket.”

The source of proverbs can be not only everyday colloquial speech, but also literary works. So, in the comedy of A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”, according to the comments of researchers, there are about 60 expressions that have become proverbs.

The first proverbs appeared a very long time ago. They were formed by the simple Russian people. Many of the proverbs were used in ancient chronicles and works.One of the first collections of proverbs was compiled by Aristotle. In Russia, collections of proverbs appear at the end of the 17th century and begin to be published almost immediately. The most famous collection of "Proverbs of the Russian people", containing more than 25,000 texts, was compiled by V.I.Dal.

A proverb is a phrase that reflects a phenomenon of life, often has a humorous character. A distinctive feature is the combination of brevity and brightness of the assessment or description. Unlike a proverb, it does not contain a generalizing instructive meaning and is not a complete sentence. A saying can usually replace a word. For example: “He doesn’t knit Lyka” instead of “drunk”, “I didn’t invent gunpowder” instead of “fool”.

Unlike proverbs, many sayings came into everyday speech from literary works and began an independent life as a folklore genre.

Some proverbs and sayings appeared in connection with historical events. So, the times of the period of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, the events of the Russian-Swedish war of the early 18th century, the Patriotic War with Napoleon, the civil war of the early 20th century, the Great Patriotic War with Nazi Germany were reflected in folk sayings.

What is the main difference between a proverb and a saying?

So, a proverb is a whole sentence, and a saying is just a phrase or phrase. This is the main feature that distinguishes proverbs from sayings.

The proverb contains morality, morality, instruction. A saying is just an eloquent expression that can be easily replaced with other words.

For example:

"Small spool but precious". (Proverb) "Small, but daring." (Proverb)

“Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water” (Proverb) “Stay with your nose” (Proverb)

1.2. The role of the name in human life and in Russian folklore.

Pproverbs and sayings are perhaps the first brilliant manifestation of the creativity of the people. The omnipresence of proverbs is striking - they relate to all objects, invade all areas of human existence. Folk art has not bypassed its attention and the "nominal" theme.

Our name is both the history of the Russian people and an integral part of the Russian language. The role of a name in a person's life is very great. Everyone can be called only by name, so all his good or bad deeds are made public through the name. Names have played a significant role in the communication of people in all eras. Personal proper names of people are a part of history and universal culture, as they reflect the way of life, aspirations, fantasy and artistic creativity of peoples.

2.1. Male and female names in proverbs and sayings.

We have studied 220 proverbs and sayings with proper names. They can be divided into 3 groups:

1) Personal male and female names.

2) City names

3) The names of the rivers.

The first group includes 170 proverbs and sayings with male and female names. Of the 170 proverbs, there were 129 with male names. The most common name wasThomas . It has been used 15 times.

In proverbs and sayings nameThomas was given to indicate such character traits as stupidity (They talk aboutThomas , and he is about Yerema.), stubbornness (Yerema into the water,Thomas to the bottom: both are stubborn, have not been from the bottom.), inattention (I went toThomas , but drove to the godfather.), irresponsibility (BiliThomas for Eremin's fault), absent-mindedness (Good toThomas it came, but it went between the hands), laziness (Who cares what, butThomas to the tune), inadequacy (People are like people, andThomas like a demon), self-criticism (He liked to joke aboutThomas , so love and above yourself.) and a person with a memorable appearance (KnowThomas and in the matting row).

This name was very popular in the 19th - early 20th centuries, especially in the provinces and in the countryside. Now the name is almost never used, probably because its sound energy is completely preserved in the Russian sound and amazingly accurately conveys the character of the Apostle Thomas, nicknamed the unbeliever.
Thomas - holy apostle, 19 (6) October. Saint Thomas was a Galilean fisherman who followed the Lord Jesus Christ and became his disciple and apostle. According to Holy Scripture, the apostleThomas did not believe the stories of other disciples about the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. On the eighth day after the Resurrection, the Lord appeared to the apostleThomas and showed his wounds, after that, convinced of the truth of the Bright Resurrection of Christ, the apostle exclaimed: "My Lord and my God." According to church tradition, Saint Thomas preached the Christian

In proverbs, the Russian people representThomas dupe, stupid and lazy person.

In second place is the name Eremey, used 13 times. In the text, the name was used in an abbreviated form: Yerema, Yermoshka.

Name Eremey has Hebrew roots, in translation means "exalted by God." The name was borrowed with the adoption of Christianity, it was adapted to the peculiarities of the phonetics of the Old Russian language. In a vast layer of proverbs, the name Eremey appears with the name Thomas; these proverbs are reinterpretations of the folklore "The Tale of Thomas and Yeryom" - a literary work of the 17th century.

Yerema- the hero of a literary work, who tries his hand at various activities, tries to take on everything at once, but nothing comes of it. This is shown in proverbs. " Erema, Erema, you should sit at home and sharpen the spindles. "Yerema, stay at home - the weather is thin. "Everyone Eremey think to yourself: when to sow, when to reap, when to throw into stacks. These proverbs speak of the need for the timeliness of certain actions.

And in this proverbYerema - an envious person. "Eremeev's tears are shed over someone else's beer."

Named charactersEremey in proverbs they make up a portrait of a loser.

The third most popular nameMakar . Namemasculine, of Greek origin, translated "blessed" "happy."

In Christian nomenclature, the name Macarius correlates with several early Christian saints, among whom the most famous Macarius Great (IV century) - a hermit, author of several spiritual works. Macarius Alexandria, who was his contemporary and friend, is also revered as a saint. Macarius Antioch was tortured and exiled during the reign of Julian the Apostate (361-363). Also known as a martyr Macarius, executed for professing Christianity in 311 under the emperor Galeria.

In proverbs and sayings Makar met 9 times and was used to show such character traits:

Luck. "YesterdayMakar dug ridges, and nowMakar got into the governors. I believe that the proverb is related to the meaning of the name itself.

Makar associated not only with luck, but also with misfortune. "All the bumps fall on poor Makar - both from pines and from fir-trees." Sounds like the story of a martyrMacarius.

"They will drive you whereMakar did not drive calves. Previously, cows and calves were grazed far in the meadows or fields. That is, very far away, where the calves were not driven.

Looks like historyMacarius Antioch, who was sent into exile.

« makaru bow, andMakar on seven sides. Here is described the case when a person becomes conceited.

There are also proverbs that have the same meaning, but they use different names. "RichYermoshka : there is a goat and a cat. "In the house ofMakara cat, mosquito and midge. Proverbs point to the poverty of the characters.

These male names were found in proverbs and sayings from one to five times.

The name Malanya full Malania is the most common in proverbs and sayings with female personal names. Used 6 times. Translated from Greek, Malania means "dark, black."

The origin of the name is connected with Ancient Greece, it is very common in English-speaking countries. On the territory of the Slavic states, it became widespread in the early Christian period.

Often, with age, admiration for talent and indulgence in whims, which took place in childhood, contributes to the development of not the best qualities in the character of an adult Malania. She grows into a self-satisfied and self-centered woman, intolerant of the shortcomings of others. Malania's narcissism reaches the ridiculous and sometimes perplexes friends and acquaintances. She still plays for the audience, likes to laugh out loud, show emotions violently and draw attention to herself. I must say that Malania does it quite well.

These qualities of character are used in proverbs and sayings. For example: "Dress up like Malanya for a wedding." “They gave pancakes to hungry Malanya, and she says: they were baked wrong.”

Malanya is proverbially a finicky and selfish girl.

The second most frequently used name is Akulina. It is also used in abbreviated form: Akulya and Akulka.

Akulina has straightness and hardness. Usually such a woman is very purposeful, energetic, she knows how to stand up for herself. He does not like to cry and complain about life.

I think that this description is more suitable for a man. This can be seen in the proverb. “If I hadn’t been a good fellow, they would have called Akulka.”

Despite such tough character traits, they felt pity for her.

“It’s a pity for Akulina, but send raspberries each.” Because raspberries were collected in the forest, and they were very prickly.

The rest of the female names were used once, except for five names: Antipa, Varvara, Mina, Katerina and Fyodor, who met us twice.

3.1. Names of cities in proverbs.

The most common proper name was the capital of Russia -Moscow . This name appeared 25 times.

"INMoscow you will find everything, except for father and mother "

"INMoscow save money - do not guard yourself

"To everyone inMoscow do not bow"

“And put on a new scarf, but halfMoscow will not visit."

« Moscow does not believe in tears, give her a case.

"Thank you godmother walk inMoscow went."

"For the proverbial man'sMoscow walked on foot."

« Moscow a mile away, but close to the heart "

In proverbsMoscow represented by a large, majestic city. She is far away, but people still remember and respect her. No wonder they say: "Moscow is the mother of all cities." This is probably why Moscow was cited in proverbs with other cities.

"Kazan-town -Moscow corner"

"Yaroslavl - a town -Moscow corner."

"Moscow hits from the toe, and Peter wiped his sides."

Often the name of the city serves to show the advantages of each region:

“They don’t go to Tula with their own samovar”

"Kazan - sturgeons, Siberia boasts of sables"

“Kashira sheathed all the matting, and Tula shod in bast shoes.”

In the third group, 7 proverbs with such proper names as the names of rivers were studied. In most cases, there were riversVolga.

"Each country has its own national river. Russia has the Volga - the largest river in Europe, the queen of our rivers - and I hastened to bow to Her Majesty the Volga River!" - Alexander Dumas wrote about the great Russian river. The main breadwinner and drinker of European Russia, including Moscow. One of the truly Russian natural wonders is the great Volga River. One of the largest and most beautiful rivers in Europe, it is especially loved by the Russian people. Mother Volga - so affectionately it is called not only in Russia.

More than half of Russia's industrial enterprises are concentrated in the Volga basin. And on the Volga land, almost half of the food products needed by our population are produced.

And she really is the queen of the rivers. The power and grandeur, the fabulous beauty of the surrounding nature and the richest history glorified the Volga to the whole world even in the most ancient times..

Probably, because of its great glorification, the Volga River was most often used by the people in proverbs and sayings.

« Volga - all the mother river "

"A lot ofVolga water, a lot of trouble"

"What's not inVolga , then all forVolga »

"WhenVolga flow up"

“When there is nothing to pay the debt, it will go toVolga »

"Mother-Volga oppresses the back, but gives money "

The last two proverbs say that working on the river makes it possible to earn money, the Volga-nurse will not let you die of hunger.

Also titleVolga used to compare with a riverDanube.

« Volga - swim for a long time, andDanube - wide. This proverb refers to the lengthVolga and latitudeDanube.

Conclusion

After analyzing the groups of proverbs and sayings that include proper names, we can draw conclusions:

All the analyzed names used in proverbs and sayings had Hebrew, Greek or Latin roots and were subjected to adaptation of the phonetics of the Old Russian language.

Proverbs and sayings reflect the life of the people and historical events:« I went to Thomas, but stopped by my godfather”, “Seven will go - they will take Siberia”.

Each name in a proverb or saying denotes its own character and is used to ridicule shortcomings, compare various qualities of character, or indicate the dignity of a person.

Male names are used to ridicule shortcomings: "Stupid Avdey was stabbed in the neck,“Goodness came to Thomas, but went between the hands”;to show pity: "Filya was in power - all the others fell to him, and trouble came - everyone was away from the yard",“All the bumps fall on poor Makar - both from the pines and from the fir trees”; to indicate the positive qualities of character: "Good and glory to the good Savva."

In proverbs and sayings with female names, people most often make fun of the heroines:And our Olena became neither a peahen nor a crow”, “Grandma Varvara was angry at the world for three years; with that she died that the world did not recognize.

In proverbs and sayings, the paired use of proper names is often found: “Malashka has lambs, and Thomas has two bags, "" Own, Fadey, crooked Natalya."

The names of cities are used to indicate any shortcomings of the city: "Wander to Moscow - carry the last penny. But most often the merits are emphasized: “Kashira sheathed all matting, and Tula shod in bast shoes”, “Kiev is the mother of Russian cities”, “Mother Moscow is white stone, golden-domed, hospitable, Orthodox, talkative”; or for comparison: "Moscow beats from the toe, and Peter wiped his sides", "Kazan - with sturgeons, Siberia boasts of sables."

In proverbs with the names of rivers, the name Volga was encountered the most times - 7 times.

Bibliography

Anikin V., Selivanov F., Kirdan B. Russian proverbs and sayings. - M.: "Fiction", 1988.- 431 p.

Zarakhovich I., Tubelskaya G., Novikova E., Lebedeva A. 500 riddles, sayings, counting rhymes, nursery rhymes. - M.: "Malysh", 2013.- 415 p.

Zimin V., Ashurova S., Shansky V., Shatalova Z. Russian proverbs and sayings: educational dictionary. - M .: School - Press, 1994. - 320 p.

Kovaleva S. 7000 golden proverbs and sayings. - M .: AST Publishing House LLC, 2003. - 479 p.

Roze T. A large explanatory dictionary of proverbs and sayings of the Russian language for children. 2nd revised edition. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2013. -224 p.

List of Internet resources

http://potomy.ru/world/

http://potomy.ru/begin/

http://riddle-middle.ru/pogovorki_i_poslovicy/

https://horo.mail.ru/namesecret/foma/

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

http://znachenie-imeni.com/pages/melanija

http://volamar.ru/subject/05romashka/names/woman/akulina.php

http://lady-uspech.ru/rossiya/reka-volga

SAYINGS"

9th grade student

Supervisor:

Radjabov Rustam Muradalievich,

teacher of Russian language and literature

first qualification category

With. Halag 2015

CHAPTER 1. PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

1. 1. Proverb as a genre of oral folk art .................................................... 5

1.2. Sayings as a genre of oral folk art .............................................. 7

CHAPTER 2. PROPER NAMES IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

2.1. The study of proper names in proverbs and sayings ............... 11

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………..18

LITERATURE................................................. ................................................. .........19

INTRODUCTION

Proverbs and sayings are clots of folk wisdom, they express the truth, proven by the centuries-old history of the people, the experience of many generations. “And what a luxury, what a sense, what is the use of every saying of ours! What a gold!” - so spoke about Russian proverbs A.S. Pushkin. “The proverb is not said in vain,” says folk wisdom. They express joy and sorrow, anger and sadness, love and hate, irony and humor. They summarize various phenomena of the reality around us, help to understand the history of our people. Therefore, in the texts, proverbs and sayings acquire a special meaning. They not only enhance the expressiveness of speech, give sharpness, deepen the content, but also help find a way to the heart of the listener, reader, win their respect and location. Possession of a bright language is a sign of high culture, erudition, breadth of outlook, and erudition. Therefore, the study of proper names in proverbs and sayings is relevant.

Russian proverbs and sayings are apt expressions invented by the Russian people, as well as translated from many ancient written sources, as well as borrowed from various works of literature, expressing wise and deep thoughts in a short form. Many Russian proverbs and sayings consist of two or more proportional, rhyming parts. Proverbs usually have direct and figurative sense. Often there are several variants of proverbs with the same morality (moral invariant). Proverbs differ from sayings, so to speak, in a higher generalizing sense. The most ancient works of Russian literature that have survived to this day, containing proverbs, date back to the 12th century.

Purpose of the study - to identify the role of proper names in proverbs and sayings, the frequency of their use.

Research objectives:

Identify the artistic features of proverbs and sayings;

Many successful expressions from the works fiction become proverbs and sayings. " happy hours they don’t observe”, “How not to please a loved one”, “The Silent people are blissful in the world”, “Do not say hello from such praises”, “In a larger number, at a cheaper price” - these are a few sayings from the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", which exist in the language as proverbs. Love for all ages; We all look at Napoleons; What will pass will be nice; And happiness was so possible - all these lines from the works of A. S. Pushkin can often be heard in oral speech. A man exclaiming: "There is still gunpowder in the flasks!" - may sometimes not know that these are words from the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba".

I.A. Krylov, who relied in his work on living colloquial and often introducing folk proverbs and sayings into his fables, he himself created many proverbial expressions: “But Vaska listens and eats”; "And nothing has changed"; “But I didn’t notice the elephant”; "A helpful fool is more dangerous than an enemy"; “The cuckoo praises the rooster because he praises the cuckoo”; “Why count gossips, isn’t it better to turn to your godfather?”

A proverb is a well-established phrase or phrase figurative expression, metaphor. Not used on its own.

Sayings are used in sentences to give a bright artistic coloring to facts, things and situations.

1.2. Artistic Features proverbs and sayings

Due to its specificity, the proverb, striving for the most vivid expressiveness, quite often resorts to comparing two objects or phenomena, people either compare or contrast them (“Speech is like honey, but deeds are like wormwood”, “Sleep like a pebble, but get up like a feather”, “Affectionate word that spring day” ...).

Antithesis is one of the most characteristic artistic means. The proverbs manifest the desire to morally and ethically influence the listener, showing what is possible, what is not, what is good, what is bad, what is useful, what is harmful, i.e. the proverb, characterizing the phenomenon, gives it an assessment (Labor feeds, but laziness spoils, Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness).

Less often than comparison and antithesis, the epithet is used in proverbs (“Life is given for good deeds”, “Every work is afraid of the master”, “A long thread is a lazy seamstress” ...).

A favorite technique in proverbs is the use of proper names: “Our Andryushka does not have a penny”, “Our Pelageya has all new ideas”. This is a type of synecdoche.

Various forms of tautologies are widely used in proverbs: “Everything is great for a healthy person”, “Play and don’t flirt, write and don’t write down, serve and don’t deserve”

Irony is a typical form of artistic imagery in proverbs. This is the mockery that was noted by A.S. Pushkin, defining the features national character, reflected in our language: “The turnip is not strengthened to the stomach”, “Many summers - but there are no many”, “The bear is wrong that he will eat the cow, the cow that entered the forest is wrong”.

With the peculiarities of proverbs as a genre, a specific language style. The style of proverbs was affected, first of all, by the desire to teach, to give advice. This was clearly manifested in the selection of verb forms and in the general syntactic structure. The proverb widely uses the type of generalized personal sentences with imperative forms of the verb: “Live and learn”, “Do not teach a pike to swim”. The instructive nature of proverbs is quite clear.

Sayings.

The use of a number of sayings is limited not only to a certain range of situations, but is also associated with a certain context. The main feature of the content of sayings is that the thought in them is not expressed directly, but idiomatically, with one or another deviation from the standard component meaning of the phrase - through an image, hyperbole, irony, indirect inference, understatement (truncation) or "excessive" elements and etc.

Accordingly, according to the nature of the ratio of the total meaning of the saying with its component meaning, figurative sayings built on metaphorical rethinking can be distinguished; ironic sayings, the meaning of which is directly opposite to their component meaning; sayings, the meaning of which is indirectly derived from their component meaning; steadily truncated sayings; sayings, the objective content of which is exhausted by their first part.

It is also necessary to distinguish a saying from proverbs, which approaches an idiom, a common turn of speech and does not have a pronounced teaching, didactic character. “A proverb,” says Dahl, “is a roundabout expression, figurative speech, a simple allegory, a bluff, a way of expression, but without a parable, without condemnation, conclusion, application: this is one first half of the proverb.” Instead of: “he is stupid,” she (the proverb) says: “He doesn’t have everything at home, he doesn’t have one riveting, he is nailed to the flower, he won’t count three.” In live speech P. can be reduced to a saying, just as the saying can develop into P.: “Dump from a sick head to a healthy one” - a saying; “It is not unprofitable to dump from a sick head on a healthy one” - P. (Dal's example). So. arr. P. is a poetically designed aphorism, a saying is a saying, a speech turnover, a common expression.

Today we have at our disposal a significant number of collections of folk sayings. The most significant of all collections of proverbs is recognized as the collection of Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl "Proverbs of the Russian people", published for the first time in the "Readings of the Society of Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University" (1861 - 1862) (last edition - M., 1957). The collection was ready by 1853, but Dahl had to endure "many ordeals", overcome the resistance of censorship and conservative acad. laps before the book saw the light of day. The sources for it were several printed collections of the last century, the collection of I. Snegirev, handwritten notebooks of notes delivered to Dahl from all over Russia, and, above all, the living speech of the Russian people. Dahl, according to him, all his life collected "bit by bit what he heard from his teacher, the living Russian language." The named collection - the result of thirty-five years of work - contains more than thirty thousand proverbs, sayings, sayings, jokes and other "small" genres of Russian folklore. He grouped proverbs and sayings according to the thematic principle, trying to characterize the opinion of the people and the peculiar phenomena of nature and society: “The arrangement of proverbs by concepts gives a true moral outline of the people, it was composed not by the overheated imagination of one person, but by whole generations crucible of experience.

The artistic nature of the proverb is conciseness, quickness, memorability. Laconism, brevity, pronunciation of the proverb. as a single whole in the amount of a single statement - this is what determines the syntactic side of the proverb. If a long proverb is remembered, then subsequently they begin to pronounce it without finishing it. In the proverb “A pitcher got into the habit of walking on water, and there he would break his head” the second part is often omitted. There are P. and bookish, but they immediately give themselves away with their syntax. The proverb skillfully uses proper names, beating them with rhymes and consonances: “Can you tell from Reshma to Kineshma with your eyes!”

CHAPTER 2. PROPER NAMES IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

2.1. The study of names in proverbs and sayings

After analyzing proverbs with names selected as research material. These are fifty proverbs (Appendix No. 1). Of these, the name Ivan is used in sixteen proverbs. This proves that the name Ivan was the most popular and widespread in Rus'. Other male names: Bogdan - 2 times, Roman - 2 times, Sasha - 2 times, Vasily - 3 times, Makar - 3 times. Used in proverbs female name- Maria (7 times). Thus, we can conclude that the proverbs reflect the most common names Ivan and Marya.

Ivanov, like filthy mushrooms.

Damn Ivan Ivanovich.

Fok and Jacob knows forty.

It became bad: Anoch's pointer.

Alekha is not a catch; stupidly straight.

Masha the goat and Vaska the goat.

Vaska is walking, shaking his beard.

Roman - leather pocket.

Our Demid does not look there.

Petka-rooster on the eggs is rotten.

Pavlushka - copper forehead.

Marya Marina - the eyes of a pigeon.

Meli, Emelya, your week.

Vanyushka to marry, and the night is short.

Where Makar did not drive calves.

CONCLUSION

Folk wisdom is the experience accumulated over hundreds of years of human development. Each people on the planet Earth is characterized by certain manners of behavior, features of communication, mentality. In addition to everything else, each nation has its own set of proverbs and sayings. It was proverbs and sayings that became the true embodiment of folk wisdom. Thanks to proverbs, you can easily decide what to do in a difficult situation. Guided by proverbs, you can be sure that you are doing the right thing. Proverbs and sayings were invented a long time ago and have also been time-tested for a long time, so doing as folk wisdom tells is difficult to make a mistake. The main thing in this matter is to understand what the proverb or saying says.

The basis of a proverb or saying is an example of a life situation and sometimes a hint, sometimes a direct indication of the correct decision. Proverbs and sayings have been compiled for many centuries and embody the entire history of the development of the people.

In the work, some folklore genres related to the proverb and saying were considered in order to more accurately distinguish between the studied paroemias. I singled out proverbial sayings, sentences (idle phrases), proverbs, jokes (empty stories), sayings, riddles. After analyzing the data I collected, I came to the conclusion that all of the above genres should be considered as genres related to the proverb, except for proverbs, which, on the contrary, are similar in properties to the proverb.

Now we can select distinctive features Proverbs and sayings.

Proverb:

3. It is built according to the above formulas. Cannot contain the function P - interpretation.

Proverb:

1. Grammatically and logically complete sentence.

3. It is built according to the above formulas. It cannot contain the function C - teaching and Z - judgment.

The derived formulas can already be a classification.

As a result, proverbs and sayings can be characterized, which will better clarify their differences.

The study of folklore is important for the development of many sciences. Linguists, historians, psychologists, sociologists turn to folklore. Ordering, accumulation of knowledge in this area is necessary to strengthen national science and culture.

LITERATURE

I. Buslaev F., Russian proverbs and sayings. Archive of historical and legal information, ed. N. Kalachev, vol. II, no. II, M., 1855.

2. Glagolevsky P., Syntax of the language of Russian proverbs, St. Petersburg, 1874.

3. Dal V., Proverbs of the Russian people, Sat. proverbs, sayings, sayings, proverbs, tongue-twisters, jokes, riddles, beliefs, M., 1862 (ed. 2, St. Petersburg, 1879, 2 vols.);

4. Dikarev M. A., Proverbs, sayings, notes and beliefs of the Voronezh province., Voronezh ethnographic collection, Voronezh, 1891.

Illustrov I.I., Life of the Russian people in its proverbs and sayings, ed. 3, M., 1915.

5. Kazarin G., Collection of French proverbs and sayings (with translations and a dictionary), vol. I and II, 1915.

APPENDIX No. 1

With the name Ivan, without a name - a blockhead.

The baby is not baptized - Bogdan (custom).

Born, not baptized, so Bogdashka.

He baptized the priest Ivan, but people called him a blockhead.

Ivanov, like filthy mushrooms.

Damn Ivan Ivanovich.

Ivan is also bad in teas (Ivan-tea, Koporsky tea).

There are no names opposite Ivan (plural); there are no icons opposite Nicol.

One Ivan - should; two Ivan - you can; three Ivan - it's not possible at all (the German said about Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov).

You won’t get far on Vanka (cab drivers in St. Petersburg).

Ivan Marie is not a friend. Ivan Marye is an ordinary friend.

Fok and Jacob knows forty.

Fofan with oatmeal, and Sidor with fiber.

And by the snout to know what to call the Season.

Uncle Mosey loves fish without bones.

Emily is an idiot. Ivan the Fool. Damn stupid.

It became bad: Anoch's pointer.

Fomka thief: he fishes with a chisel.

Sergei (Seryozha) - pierce your ear (rogue).

In people, Ananya (lasa), and at home, a scumbag.

Alekha is not a catch; stupidly straight.

In three brothers, fools are Ivanushki, and single ones are Emelya and Afoni.

Filimon Ivanovich and Marya Ivanovna (owl and owl).

Mikhail Potapovich Toptygin (bear).

Matryona Mikhailovna Toptygina (bear; she is also Avdotya, Akulina, Marfushka, Matryona).

Masha the goat and Vaska the goat.

Maria Vasilievna and Vasil Vasilich (a goat with a goat).

Vaska is walking, shaking his beard.

Makar and a cat - a mosquito and a midge.

Vanka, get up; Semka, let's go; Yes, go and you, Isaiah!

You, Isaiah, go upstairs; you, Denis, go downstairs; and you, Gavrilo, hold on to the thresher!

Roman - leather pocket.

There are no thieves against the Romanovs, no drunkards against the Ivanovs.

Our Demid does not look there.

Put the focus on the side, and Demid looks straight ahead.

Gorky Kuzenka is bitter and share.

The bumps fall on poor Makar.

Stepanidushka will sweep everything with her tail.

Katya-Katerina - pigeon's leg.

Petka-rooster on the eggs is rotten.

Pavlushka - copper forehead.

Marya Marina - the eyes of a pigeon.

Sashenka, Mashenka - fu, what an abyss!

Sasha - kanashki, Masha - insects, Marinushki - razinyushki.

And indeed, not one of the proverbs is devoid of an all-consuming passionate interest in everything that concerns. Behind each of them you see those who judge, row, argue, joke, mock, joke, grieve, mourn, rejoice, scold - represents the multiplicity of cases and life scenes. Folk art has not bypassed its attention and the "nominal" theme. Proverbs, sayings and even. Here's what you can collect:

Russian proverbs and sayings

Arinushka Marinushka is no worse.
Good daughter Annushka, if mother and grandmother praise.
What is Aksinya, such is botvinya.
Each Alenka praises her cow.
Our Andrey is not a villain to anyone.
Our Afonya in one hoodie and in a feast, and in the world, and in the window sill.
What is Ananya, such is his Malanya.

Neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selivan.

Varlam breaks in half, and Denis shared with everyone.
Our Varvara does not like fish soup without fat.

Every Grishka has his own business.
Do not be proud, Gordey, you are not better than people.

What is Dema, such is his home.
Two Demids, but both do not see.
Dmitry and Boris fought for the garden
Our Marya is your cousin Paraskovia to your Daria.

Orobey Yeremey - the sparrow will offend.
Yegor said from the mountain, but everything is out of time.
Every Egor has a saying.
Understand each Jeremey to yourself.
Ephraim loves horseradish, and Fedka loves radish.

Every kind of wood chip hits poor Zakhar.

In people, Ilya, and at home - a pig.
Our Ivan has no talent anywhere: he came to mass - mass departed, he came to dinner - they dined.
Our Vanyukha is bumpy on the stove.
When Ivashka White shirt, then Ivashka has a holiday.
The filly runs, and Ivashka lies.
Ivan was in the Horde, and Marya tells the news.
Ivan plays the dudu, and Marya is dying of hunger.
Glory to Ivan, but Savva is to blame.
Ipat made shovels, and Fedos carried the sale.

Katerina wanders to her featherbed.
Princess - princess, cat - cat, and Katerina - her child (cuter)
Rejoice Kiryushka, grandmother will have a feast.
Before, Kuzma dug gardens, and now Kuzma has ended up in the governors.
Klim smears the cart, goes to the Crimea for turnips.

Martin does not wait for someone else's fifty, Martin stands for his own altyn.
What is Martin, such is his altyn.
You can't get through our Mina even in three clubs.
Our Mishka does not take a surplus.
Bow to Makar, and Makar to seven sides.
For each Makar there is a Khavronya.
Lazy Mikishka is not up to the book.
What is Malanya, such are her pancakes.
Grandfather Mosey loves fish without bones.
Maxim was warming himself near the aspens.

Don't brag, Nastya: you strained a little, and even then you lost it.
Not every Naum will lead to mind.
Our Naum is on his mind: to listen - he listens, but you know, he slurps.
Husband Nesterka, yes, six children, we are afraid to steal, we are lazy to work - how do you order to live here?
People from the bazaar, and Nazar to the bazaar.
Each Nikitka is busy with his belongings.

Our Obrosim was thrown into God knows where.
And our Olena became neither a peahen nor a crow.
Navarila, baked Okulina about Peter.

Every Paul has his own truth.
Such-and-such Pantelei, but the two of them are more fun.
Not all Potap on the paw.
Our Pahom is familiar with Moscow.
What Pahom, such is the hat on it.

Hood Roman when your pocket is empty.

Savva ate the fat, wiped himself off, locked himself in, said: he didn’t see it.
What Savva is, such is his glory.
Like Senyushka has two money, so Semyon and Semyon, and Senyushka has no money - nothing - Semyon.
Every Semyon is smart about himself.
According to Senka - and a hat, according to Eremka - a cap, and according to Ivashka - and shirts.
And in the face you can see that Sazon is called.

One speaks about Taras, and the other: one and a half hundred devils.
Not every Taras sings along much.
Our Taras is no worse than you.

Ulyana woke up not late, not early - everyone was coming home from work, and she was right there.
Lakoma Ustinha to botvinia.

Fedyushka was given money, and he asks for Altyn.
They sent Philip along the lindens, and he drags the alder.
And Philip is glad that the pie is great.
Fedot plows with his mouth open, but not to the point of a needle.
Neither from a stone to honey, nor from Fofan offspring.
Our Thaddeus - neither on himself, nor on people.
Our Filat is never to blame.
Thekla prayed that God did not put in the glass.
He loved to joke about Thomas, so love yourself too.
People are like people, and Thomas is like a demon.
As they attack Foma, so Foma and the people will leave.
Do not beat Foma for Eremin's guilt.
As soon as the unarguable comes to Flora, Floriha will also come to a dash.

Khariton came running from Moscow with news

Yakov is glad that the pie with poppy seeds.

Ukrainian proverbs and sayings

On you, Gavrilo, I don’t like it.

What Ivas cannot learn, that Ivan will not know.
Pan with pan, and Ivan with Ivan.

Your Katerina, our Orina, cousin of Odarka
Zbagativ Kindrat - forget, de yoga brother.

A couple - Martin and Odarochka!
Yak Mikita will maw, then Mikita i kumuvav.

Kazav Naum: mind you!

Rozumna Parasya gave herself up to everything.

Vlitka and a laundress, but in winter, Teresa is not to be taken.
Ti yomu about Taras, and vin - pіtorasta.

For our Fedot, the robot is not afraid.

Hold on, Homa, winter is coming!
Who is about Khoma, and who is about Yarema.
Yakby Homі pennies, boov bi y vin is good, but dumb - every mine.
Rest in peace, Khvedka, then horseradish, then radish.

Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Scientific and practical conference

for 6th grade students

humanitarian section

nomination literary criticism

"Proper names in proverbs and sayings"

Completed by: student 6 "B" class MBOU Lyceum No. 21

Podymov Egor Sergeevich

Head: Vildanova Svetlana Grigorievna

Subject: Proper names in proverbs and sayings

Introduction

Chapter 1

The role of the name in human life

Chapter 2 Names in Russian proverbs and sayings

2.1. Proverbial name as a means of rhyming in the structure of a stable saying.

2.2. Proverbial name as a generalization of the characteristic properties of a person

Chapter 3

Anthroponyms in Russian proverbs and sayings

3.1. Anthroponyms, their functions in Russian proverbs and sayings.

3.2. Studies of proverbs containing anthroponyms, their classification.

Conclusion

Introduction

The creativity of the people is rooted in ancient times. Enough to remember cave drawings and stone idols of primitive people. The need for creativity arises in people from the desire to decorate their life (painting, carving, weaving, embroidery). To no lesser extent, this applies to spiritual life (dancing, singing, playing the musical instruments). Speech occupies a special place in people's lives. Through language, people communicate with each other. They convey to others their worldly experience, their knowledge, sorrows and hopes, their mood. Oral folk art is diverse: epics, songs, fairy tales, sayings and proverbs. Proverbs occupy a special place in creativity.

Proverbs and sayings are common and viable genres of oral folk art. They have the closest, direct connection with the language, being figurative speech expressions used in oral and written speech.

Most early information about the creation and use of some proverbs and sayings are found in the annals.

In the year 6370 (862): "Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no order in it." (from The Tale of Bygone Years)

In the year 6453 (945): “The Drevlyans, having heard that he was coming again, held a council with their prince Mal: “If a wolf gets into the habit of sheep; then he will endure the whole herd until they kill him. ”(from“ The Tale of Bygone Years ”)

Undoubtedly, that part of the folk sayings, which reflected pagan beliefs and mythological ideas, belongs to the ancients: Mother earth is impossible to speak (belief in the mysterious forces of the “living” earth); A prophetic dream will not deceive; Screams like a goblin; A werewolf rushes across the road.

In some proverbs and sayings, the norms of serfdom are captured: A man is not a cuff - he knows when Yuryev lives for a day.

On St. George's Day (autumn, November 26, O.S.), peasants were allowed to move from one landowner to another. In 1581, Tsar Ivan IV temporarily banned the crossing, and Boris Godunov completely banned it - the peasants were enslaved. All this is reflected in the proverb: Here you are, grandmother, and St. George's Day!

Proverbs arose among the people, in which the events of the liberation struggle against external invaders were captured: Empty, as if Mamai had passed; The Cossacks came from the Don and drove the Poles home (the liberation of Moscow from the Poles in 1612); He died (disappeared) as a Swede near Poltava (1709). Especially many proverbs arose about the Patriotic War of 1812: A goose flies to Holy Rus' (about Napoleon); Kutuzov came to beat the French; A hungry Frenchman is glad to a crow; On a Frenchman and a pitchfork - a gun; Disappeared (disappeared) like a Frenchman in Moscow.

Courage, courage and heroism of the Russian people are captured in proverbs and sayings: The Russian does not joke with a sword or a roll; Cheek brings success; Happiness helps the brave; To be afraid of wolves, and not to go into the forest.

In folk sayings, labor, the industriousness of a person are glorified and laziness is scourged: Without labor there is no fruit; Work feeds, and laziness spoils.

Proverbs and sayings arose in which social and material inequality was reflected (One with a bipod, and seven with a spoon; The rich - as they want, and the poor - as they can; bribery of judges and officials (Every clerk loves hot kalach; greed of the clergy (Ass for what a sheaf, that a haystack is all one (everything is small);

Proverbs and sayings condemn flattery, sycophancy, savagery, hypocrisy. They express hope for the triumph of truth and justice: Truth will purify itself; The truth will take its toll.

Even in conditions of material and social inequality, the working people did not leave a high sense of honor: Goal, but not a thief; Not a penny, but fame is good; Poor, but honest.

Thus, proverbs and sayings, which arose as a genre of folk poetry in ancient times, live an active life for many centuries: some - without changes, others - gradually changing and rethinking; obsolete ones are forgotten, their place is taken by newly created ones.

Proverbs and sayings is an encyclopedia of folk knowledge, as well as the "moral code" of the people, who put together proverbs about the proverbs themselves: good proverb not in the eyebrow, but right in the eye; A stump is not a suburb, and stupid speech is not a proverb;

Our special attention was drawn to proverbs in which proper names occur. For what purpose are they used in proverbs?

Hypothesis: names in proverbs are used for rhyme and consonance, while receiving a generalizing, typical, common noun, or a proverbial characteristic is inextricably linked with specific personal names.

Target: to analyze Russian proverbs and sayings that reflect the evaluative behavior of a person who bears a specific personal name, the features of his character.

Tasks:

1) study Russian folklore deeper

3) analyze thematic group proverbs and sayings that include personal names in their structure,

4) classify proverbs containing anthroponyms;

5) find out what character traits of a person are reflected in these language units

Object of study: dictionary of V.I.Dal "Proverbs of the Russian people";

Subject of study: proverbs and sayings that include personal names in their structure.

M research methods:

study of scientific and reference literature on Russian folklore, Internet resources

analysis collected material,

classification of proverbs and sayings containing anthroponyms.

questioning

Chapter 1

“The fate of a person can change

for us the sound and meaning of the name "

L.V. Uspensky

The role of the name in human life

It is known that every person has a name. The trinomial naming of people - first name, patronymic, last name - came into the feature of the Russian language back in the Petrine era.

What is a name? Looking into the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, we learned one of its meanings, that the name is “the personal name of a person given at birth, often in general the personal name of a living being”

personal names linguists call people anthroponyms. The section that studies anthroponyms is called anthroponymy

Names, as a rule, are not invented, but are formed from common nouns or borrowed from other languages. At the sound of a familiar name, we do not think about its meaning and origin, we imagine the person we are talking about or addressing. The people very correctly evaluate the name of a person, as such. “A person does not recognize himself in person, but he knows his own name,” says one of the Russian proverbs (p. 442). However, we must study the history of our name, its origin, meaning and meaning in the same way as we must know the ancestral roots of our family and country. Our name is both the history of the Russian people and an integral part of the Russian language.

How the world changes and how I change myself

I have been called by only one name all my life.

The role of a name in a person's life is very great. Everyone can be called only by name, so all his good or bad deeds are made public through the name. Hence the possibility of a figurative use of the word name. They say: "The dashing is called dashing, but the good is remembered as good"

It is impossible to imagine the vocabulary of any language without proper names. Proper names can be social signs, some names were common only in certain social strata. So, in Russia of the 19th century, the names Agafya, Thekla, Efrosinya, Porfiry, were found only among the peasantry and merchants, and in Pushkin's time, even Tatyana was considered common people. Personal names may be fashionable or, conversely, not accepted by society. These days, many parents choose simple, folk names: Ivan, Ignat, Yegor, Maria, Daria and the like. But beautiful names- Rosalind, Evelina, Romuald and others are not popular.

Interest in names, knowledge of their origin and meaning instill feelings of patriotic involvement, love for the motherland, for the people, their language and culture of communication.

Chapter 2

Names in Russian proverbs

2.1. Proverbial name as a means of rhyming in the structure of a stable saying.

Personal names should be attributed to the outer clothing of proverbs. V. I. Dal believed that they were mostly taken at random, or for rhyme, consonance, measure: such, for example, are proverbs in which they are mentioned: Martyn and Altyn, Ivan and blockhead, Grigory and grief. [p. 14]

So proverbs emphasize the "accident" of the name. One name could be replaced by another or chosen in most cases "to rhyme".

But did the name create its own generalized image of a person? In Russian folklore, stable sayings with a proper name are widely used, which contain evaluative behavior of a person, features of his character. Often the names came from fairy tales, stories, where people of known properties usually have the same name, behind which the same meaning remained in proverbs: Ivanushka and Emelya are fools; Fomka and Sergey are thieves, rogues; Kuzka miserable. From these concepts, expressions were formed: to embrace - to deceive, to fool, to seduce - to hook deftly, cunningly; crowbar, in the language of swindlers, is called a large chisel or one-handed crowbar for breaking locks; to trick someone, to deceive, to offend.

2.2. A proverbial name as a generalization of the characteristic properties of a person.

The meaning of a personal name in the structure of a proverb and saying is different from the name in everyday communication. There is no habitual connection of a name with an individual person. The proverb is applied in life to a specific situation and to a specific person who has his own name that does not match the name in the proverb. It is by this clash of two names - the real and the "unreal" - that generalization is achieved. The speech in the proverb, when it is used in life, is not about the proverbial Emel, Phil, Thomas, Yerema, Kiryukha, Erokha, etc., but about specific life characters, acting as Emelya, Filya, Foma, Yerema, Kiryukha, etc. act. The anthroponym acquires a generalized meaning, gravitating towards a common noun. The development of the figurative basis of the name, its rethinking occurs on the basis of random associations. These associations are further consolidated in people's memory as a generalization of any properties of a person.

The social value of many names is deeply embedded in the language. Often, knowing this assessment helps to understand the proverb.

For example, Greek name Philip, turned on Russian soil into Filya, Filka, Filyukha, the bars often called their servants. Remember Famusov's appeal to his Filka: "You, Filka, you are a straight block, You made a lazy grouse into doormen ..."? It is not surprising that the typed name of the servant joined the synonymous series with the meaning "stupid and lazy person." This was facilitated by the use of the name Filya in Russian proverbs, where its owner acts as a simpleton, a loser, a simpleton: “They drank and Filya at Fili’s and beaten”, “Philip got used to everything”, “Shove Filya in damn bast shoes (deceived)”, “Filka sleeps without bedding”, etc.

An equally profound contradiction lies in the name Sidor, which goes back to the ancient Egyptian goddess of agriculture, Isis. The Greek Isidore, which we have turned into Sidor, means “the gift of Isis,” that is, an abundant, generous gift. But in Russian proverbs and sayings, Sidor is usually a rich, but stingy and petty person. Maybe that's why, as the proverb says, "Not a single misfortune came to Sidor", because he has a penny in store for any hungry year. Knowing the social associations associated with the name Sidor, it is easy to understand the motivation for the expression “To fight like Sidor’s goat”: to the miser-owner, even a small grass seems to be a big disaster. The mischievous nature of the goat constantly pulls her into the garden. The stubborn desire of the owner to wean her from this habit has become proverbial. However, another interpretation of this expression is also known: perhaps it “affected the desire for revenge on Sidor, if he himself is inaccessible, then at least his goat will get it thoroughly.”

Behind bad character Sidora is puffed up by his goat. Poor Makar, as a rule, has to be the "scapegoat" himself. Russian proverbs give a detailed unflattering description of this unfortunate. He is poor (“Makar only warms up (i.e. snot.) a couple”, “Makaru doesn’t have kalachi”) and homeless (“Makar is coming to vespers from the dogs to the tavern”), unknown (“Not Makar’s hand with the boyars know"), obedient and respectful ("Makar bow, and Makar on seven sides"), and most importantly unrequited ("Poor Makar all the bumps fall"). The proverbs emphasize that he is usually engaged in hard peasant labor: "Until now, Makar dug ridges, and now Makar has ended up in governors." Thus, the image of the poor simpleton and incompetence Makar gradually took shape.

Approximately the same qualitative associations are characteristic of the name Kuzma in Russian proverbs. Kuzma is angry and pugnacious: “Our Kuzma still beats evil”, “Do not threaten, Kuzma, the tavern does not tremble.” He is poor, so he gets all the worst and most worthless "What is lame, what is blind, then Kozma" (we are talking about poultry sacrificed on the day of Kozma). He is slow-witted: "This proverb is not for Kuzma Petrovich." He is of the same low and poor origin as Makar: “Before, Kuzma dug gardens, but now Kuzma has ended up in governors”, “Bitter Kuzenka is a bitter song.” Being the son of a pugnacious and poor loser is not particularly pleasant. Unless extreme need will force you to recognize such a relationship: "You will live - and you will call Kuzma father." Apparently, the expression "Show Kuz'kin's mother" generalizes an unflattering idea about the parents and relatives of the loser Kuzma.

Thus, we see that the proverbial name is a generalization of the characteristic properties of a person with such a name. Unfortunately, I noted that mostly proverbs with personal names captured negative traits person. The same name often reflects the same characteristic. For example, Avdey in Russian dialects is a kind, humble person, all the proverbs that include this anthroponym testify to this: “Our Avdey is not a villain to anyone”, “Avdey disappeared from evil people"," Stupid Avdey was stabbed in the neck. The characterization of the dreamy good-natured Andrei is confirmed by the sayings: “Our Andrei is not a villain to anyone”, “Andrey is a mouth-waterer”, “Our Andryushka has not a penny”, “For a friend, everything is for Andryushka”. The merry fellow and joker Taras retains his disposition in the following statements: “Our Taras is much better at harping (jokes),” “Bald Taras is a slow-tempered man,” “Our Taras is ready for everything: drink vodka and thresh barn,” “Taras got married, without asking”, etc.

Chapter 3

Anthroponyms in Russian proverbs and sayings

3.1. Anthroponyms, their functions in Russian proverbs and sayings.

Anthroponym (ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος - person and ὄνομα - name) - a single proper name or a set of proper names that identify a person. In a broader sense, this is the name of any person: fictional or real, which is officially assigned to an individual as his identification mark.

By original meaning and origin, anthroponyms, for the most part, are everyday words. Some of them still retain their meaning in the native language (for example, Faith, Hope, Love),

Anthroponyms contain the following features:

An indication that the bearer of the anthroponym is a person, for example: Maria, Mikhail.
An indication of belonging to a national - linguistic community, for example: Vladimir, Jean.
An indication of the gender of a person, for example - Peter, unlike Anastasia.

The anthroponym performs another important function in proverbs and sayings, it creates the effect of acquaintance of one of the participants in the speech act with the bearer of this name. The speaker includes the addressee in his personal sphere. This is indicated by the form of the name, possessive pronoun- ours, uniting the addresser and the addressee, which is included in the proverbial situation.

Even if the speaker is trying to generalize what is happening, which can be indicated by the definitive pronoun everyone in conjunction with the anthroponym, it can be assumed that in speech the proverb characterizes the actions of a particular person. For example: Every Fedorka has his own excuses; Every Egor has a saying; Each Moses has his own idea; Every Filatka has his own tricks.

Personal names are used in proverbs and sayings in a generalized sense:

of any person: Every Paul has his own truth.
young man: There was money - the girls loved Senya.
husband: I had a husband Ivan, God forbid you too.

Or wife ..., son, groom and bride ...

Personal names, in proverbs and sayings, call a person who characterizes him by signs:

appearance: height (Great Fedor, yes at an angle of support), face (Parashka has eyes like a lamb) ...
intellectual abilities: mind / stupidity (Ivan is not a blockhead)
attitude to work: industriousness / laziness (Girl Gagula sat down to spin and fell asleep ...
interpersonal relationships: (Foma was beaten for Yeremin's fault), etc.

3.2. Studies of proverbs containing anthroponyms, their classification.

Proverbs are a genre of folklore, which most clearly reflects the features of the mentality of a particular people, its cultural and religious traditions, and features of life. For the reconstruction of the views of a person of the past and present, the proper names contained in the folklore text are of particular value. They are the most specific element of folklore, with the help of which a model of behavior of a representative of a certain people in various life situations is created. In this regard, the purpose of my research is an attempt to characterize the views of the Russian people, reflected in proverbs containing proper names.

In the course of the study, we analyzed proverbs and sayings, which can be divided into three groups:

1) denouncing human vices;

2) depicting the life of the Russian people;

3) the characterization of the character is due exclusively to random associations of his name under the influence of rhyme.

The most numerous group is made up of proverbs that tell about human vices, namely:

stupidity and stubbornness (“Fedora is great, but a fool (yes, under a backwater angle)”, “Yerema into the water, Thomas to the bottom: both are stubborn, they have not been from the bottom”, “Grandma Varvara was angry at the world for three years; with that she died, that the world did not recognize”, “Danilo with a reel, but not with an awl”, “Ipata hunchback will fix the coffin”; “You tell him about the priest, and he talks about Emelya the Fool”);

ingratitude and ignorance (“They gave pancakes to hungry Malanya, and she says: they were baked wrong”, “Ilya is in people, but a pig is at home”; “Every Yakov blathers to himself”; “Every Yakov has a share of evil, if he doesn’t go anywhere”);

friendship out of self-interest and treason (“Filya was in strength - all the others fell to him, but trouble came - everyone left the yard”; “Like Senyushka has two money - so Semyon da Semyon, and Senyushka has no money - nothing Semyon "; "There were money - the girls loved Senya, but there was no money - the girls forgot Senya"; "As they attack Foma, so Foma and the people will leave");

laziness and negligence in work (“Girl Gagula sat down to spin and fell asleep”; “Live, Ustya, sleeves later”; “Husband Nesterka, and six children: we are lazy to work, but we are afraid to steal, how can you live here?”);

drunkenness (“There was Ivan, but he became a blockhead, and all the wine is to blame”; “Tatyana wanders unkindly drunk”, “Tatyana gasped, having drunk her husband drunk”);

adultery (“You can see by Thomas that he is grieving for a godfather”);

vanity and pride (“And our Olena became neither a peahen nor a raven”);

enmity with neighbors, scandals, curses, insolence (“Dmitry and Boris fought for the garden”);

slander, condemnation, slander (“I cooked, baked Akulina about Peter”);

mismanagement (“Good came to Thomas, but went between the hands”);

doing good deeds for show (“Uncle Filat gave a pair of ducklings: out, he says, they are flying”).

A number of proverbs contain the idea that everyone has what he deserves (“What is Ananya, such is his and Malanya”; “What is Dema, such is his home”; “What is Martin, such is his altyn”; “ What is Pakhom, such is the hat on him ”; “What is Savva, such is his glory”; “What is Aksinya, such is the botvinya”; “What is on Thomas, such is himself”).

It is especially noteworthy that there are much fewer proverbs praising a person for any positive qualities: “Business Melania comes to mass with a spinning wheel.”

The proverbs included in the second group paint pictures of the difficult life of the Russian people: “Yermoshka is rich: there is a goat and a cat (brought a cat and a cat)”, “Hungry Fedot and empty cabbage soup in the hunt (and radish with kvass for honey)”, “Makar hitherto he dug gardens (ridges), and now Makar has ended up in governors”, “When Ivashka has a white shirt, then Ivashka has a holiday.”

The third group includes proverbs that evaluate the personal qualities of a character, based on random associations of his name under the influence of rhyme: “If only a fool, yes Ivan”, “Thomas of a great mind”, “In people Ananya, houses of a rascal”, “Dema, Dema , you would sit at home "," There was kvass, but Vlas drank.

Analyzing the above, we can draw the following conclusions: most proverbs containing proper names condemn human vices and shortcomings (51% of proverbs), stupidity and stubbornness, ingratitude and ignorance, as well as drunkenness are most zealously exposed; proverbs depicting the life of the Russian people account for 27% of total number paroemias under consideration, this group proverbs tells about poverty, hopelessness and difficult working conditions of ordinary people; the smallest group is made up of proverbs that characterize characters on the basis of random associations of their names under the influence of rhyme (22% of proverbs); the proper names found in the last group of proverbs, whose carriers are the “lower classes”, represent their owner as a stupid person, a simpleton and a loser.

Questionnaire

I conducted a study by questioning my classmates. The survey was built in the form of a discussion on the topic "Proper names in Russian proverbs and sayings." For this, I have selected several proverbs with traditionally used Russian proper names, as anthroponyms of Russian proverbs and sayings.

Questions

1 What associations did these proverbs evoke in you?

2 What properties do you think the hero has.

3 The property of the hero in different proverbs is similar or different in your opinion.

Name	Meaning	Researched proverbs	Survey analysis
Egor	Yegor (from Greek farmer) in Russian dialects - ‘rogue, a person of dubious behavior.	“Fyodor does not go for Yegor; but Fyodor goes, but Yegor doesn’t take it ”; “Every Egor has a saying”; “Not every saying is for our Yegorka” “Yegor said from the mountain, but everything is out of time.”	13% consider it positive 46% consider it negative 41% consider him a person of questionable behavior 27% think that proverbs are similar 73% think that proverbs are different
Phillip	Acts as a simpleton, a loser, a simpleton.	“At Fili they drank and Fil and beaten” "Philip is used to everything" “Shove Filya in damn bast shoes (deceived)” "Filka sleeps without bedding"	18% consider it positive 56% consider him a dupe 27% consider him a loser 96% think the proverbs are similar 4% believe that proverbs are different
Makar	Makar has to be a "scapegoat". He is poor and homeless, obscure, obedient and respectful, and most importantly unrequited ("Poor Makar is in trouble.	“At Makar, just warm up (i.e., snot.) A couple” "Makar is coming to Vespers from the dogs to the tavern" “All the bumps fall on poor Makar”	4% consider it positive 24% consider it negative 17% consider him a scapegoat 55% consider him poor 72% think that proverbs are similar 28% believe that proverbs are different

Conclusion: In the situation with the names Philip and Makar, the meaning of a personal name in the structure of a proverb and saying is different from the name in everyday communication. There is no habitual connection of a name with an individual person. The proverb is applied in life to a specific situation and to a specific person who has his own name that does not match the name in the proverb. The anthroponym acquires a generalized meaning, gravitating towards a common noun. The development of the figurative basis of the name, its rethinking occurs on the basis of random associations.

Conclusion

After analyzing the thematic group of proverbs and sayings that include personal names in their structure, we can draw the following conclusions:

Proverbs in folk life play an important role: they serve as guiding principles for activities; they are referred to to justify their actions and actions, they are used to accuse or denounce others.

Personal names in proverbs are important, as they concretize a certain quality, help to compare different people and indicate the advantages and disadvantages of a person.

Most of the names used in oral folk art, are not originally Russian, they are borrowed mainly from Greek, Hebrew, Latin.

The most common names in proverbs and sayings are the names Ivan, Foma, Yerema, Makar and Malanya, which have a common meaning and create the image of a stupid, lazy person, a simpleton and a jester.

In Russian folklore, stable sayings with a proper name are widely used, in which personal names are used for rhyme and consonance of measure: these are, for example, proverbs in which Andrei is mentioned: pocket, Savva - glory, Fedora - a fool, etc.

In all proverbial sayings, people of well-known properties usually have the same name, which has one meaning: Andrey is a rotozey, Ivanushka and Emelya are fools, Fomka and Sergey are thieves, rogues, Kuzka is a miserable person, Petrak is a laborer, etc.

Bibliography:

Dal V.I. Proverbs of the Russian people. M.: Drofa, 2007. 814 p.

Kondratieva T.N. Metamorphoses of own name. Kazan, Linguistics, 1983. 238 p.

Lazutin S. G. Poetics of Russian folklore. M.: Higher school, 1989. 345 p.

Mokienko V.M. Deep into the conversation. Moscow: Enlightenment, 1995. 256s.

Parfenova N.N. personal names in small folklore genres in the aspect of linguoculturology. Moscow: Education, 1995. 295 p.

Dictionary of Russian folk dialects / Ch. ed. Filin F.P. - 3rd ed. L.: Nauka, 1998. 1047 p.

Uspensky L.V. You and your name L.: Children's literature, 1972. 264 p.

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