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Presentation on the history of "the first princes". Presentation "the first princes of Rus'" Princes of Kievan Rus presentation

We learn about the life of the first rulers in Rus' from the most ancient chronicle that has survived to this day, “The Tale of Bygone Years.”

According to the Tale, the ancient Russian princes trace their origins to the Rurik dynasty, the ancestor of which is Rurik, who was invited to Russian lands by the Ilmen Slovenes in 862. The dynasty of Russian princes - descendants of Rurik - dates back to the middle of the ninth century. The materials presented in this work indicate that the first Russian princes were primarily concerned about expanding the borders of their state.

The purpose of the presentation: to acquaint students with the reign of the first Russian princes: Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav; talk about their role in the formation of the Russian state; awaken peers' interest in Russian history; to cultivate a sense of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland using the example of these historical figures. The presentation can be used in history lessons and in extracurricular activities.

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THE FIRST RUSSIAN PRINCE Author: Kristina Shemetova, 2nd year student, chef department, confectioner of the BPOU "Trade and Technology College", Elista, Republic of Kalmykia. Head: Kozaeva Raisa Sanjievna, history teacher.

RURIK (862 - 879) The founder of the Rurik dynasty, the first ancient Russian prince. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, he was called to reign in 862 by the Ilmen Slovenes, Chud and all of the Varangian lands. He reigned first in Ladoga, and then in all Novgorod lands. Before his death, he transferred power to his relative (or senior warrior) - Oleg.

The first real ruler of Ancient Rus', who united the lands of the Slavic tribes along the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks.” In 882 he captured Kyiv and made it the capital of the ancient Russian state, killing Askold and Dir, who had previously reigned there. He subjugated the tribes of the Drevlyans, Northerners, and Radimichi. In 907 he made a successful military campaign against Constantinople, which resulted in two peace treaties beneficial for Rus' (907 and 911). OLEG (879 - 912)

IGOR (912 - 945) Expanded the borders of the Old Russian state, subjugating the Ulichi tribe and contributing to the founding of Russian settlements on the Taman Peninsula. He repelled the raids of the Pecheneg nomads. Organized military campaigns against Byzantium: 1) 941 - ended in failure; 2) 944 - conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement. Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

OLGA (945 - 969) The wife of Prince Igor, ruled in Rus' during the childhood of her son Svyatoslav and during his military campaigns. For the first time, she established a clear procedure for collecting tribute (“polyudya”) by introducing: 1) lessons in determining the exact amount of tribute; 2) graveyards - establishing places for collecting tribute. She visited Byzantium in 957 and converted to Christianity under the name Helen. In 968 she led the defense of Kyiv from the Pechenegs.

SVYATOSLAV (964 - 972) Son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga. Initiator and leader of many military campaigns: - The defeat of the Khazar Kaganate and its capital Itil (965) - Campaigns in Danube Bulgaria. Wars with Byzantium (968 - 971) - Military clashes with the Pechenegs (969 - 972) - Treaty between Russia and Byzantium (971) Killed by the Pechenegs during their return from Bulgaria in 972 on the Dnieper rapids.

In 972 - 980 The first internecine war for power takes place between the sons of Svyatoslav - Vladimir and Yaropolk. Vladimir wins and establishes himself on the Kiev throne. 980 - Vladimir carries out pagan reform. A pantheon of pagan gods is created, led by Perun. An attempt to adapt paganism to the needs of the Old Russian state and society ended in failure. 988 - adoption of Christianity in Rus'. Under Vladimir, the Old Russian state was further expanded and strengthened. Vladimir finally conquered the Radimichi, made successful campaigns against the Poles and Pechenegs, founded new fortress-cities: Pereyaslavl, Belgorod, etc. VLADIMIR THE FIRST SAINT (978 (980)) - 1015)

He established himself on the Kiev throne after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed and Mstislav of Tmutarakan. He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction, and the rise of the international authority of Rus'. Established broad dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts. Carried out military campaigns: - to the Baltic states; - to the Polish-Lithuanian lands; - to Byzantium. Finally defeated the Pechenegs. Prince Yaroslav the Wise is the founder of written Russian legislation ("Russian Truth", "Yaroslav's Truth"). YAROSLAV THE WISE (1019 - 1054)

Grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, son of Prince Vsevolod the First and Maria, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Ninth Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (from 1067), Chernigov (from 1078), Pereyaslavl (from 1093), Grand Prince of Kiev (from 1113). Prince Vladimir Monomakh - organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsians (1103, 1109, 1111) advocated the unity of Rus'. Participant of the congress of ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the harmfulness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands. He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. He reigned until 1125. He put into effect the “Charter of Vladimir Monomakh,” where interest on loans was legally limited and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people who worked off the debt. Stopped the collapse of the Old Russian state. He wrote a “Teaching,” in which he condemned strife and called for the unity of the Russian land. He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. VLADIMIR THE SECOND MONOMACH (1113 - 1125)

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - autocratic ruler of Kyiv. He continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to preserve a unified Old Russian state. Annexed the Principality of Polotsk to Kyiv in 1127. Organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsians, Lithuania, and the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich. After his death, almost all the principalities came out of obedience to Kyiv. A period of feudal fragmentation begins. MSTISLAV THE GREAT (1125 - 1132)

http://www.1salamandra1.ru/publ/pervye_russkie_knjazja_kratko SOURCES History: textbook for grade 10, ed. A.V. Chudinova, A.V. Gladysheva.-M. Publishing Center "Academy", 2008 http://russiahistory.narod.ru/pervkniazs.htm

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Old Russian princes The project was prepared by the class teacher of the 7th grade of MBOU secondary school No. 2 Kh. Dukmasov Bashko Irina Nikolaevna

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The founder of the Rurik dynasty, the first Russian prince. Chronicle sources claim that Rurik was called from the Varangian lands by Novgorod citizens to reign together with his brothers Sineus and Truvor in 862. After the death of the brothers, he ruled all the Novgorod lands. Before his death, he transferred power to his relative, Oleg. Rurik (? – 879)

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Oleg (? - 912) Second ruler of Rus'. He reigned from 879 to 912, first in Novgorod, and then in Kyiv. He is the founder of a single ancient Russian state, which he created in 882 with the capture of Kyiv and the subjugation of Smolensk, Lyubich and other cities. After moving the capital to Kyiv, he also subjugated the Drevlyans, Northerners, and Radimichi. One of the first Russian princes undertook a successful campaign against Constantinople and concluded the first trade agreement with Byzantium. He enjoyed great respect and authority among his subjects, who began to call him “prophetic,” that is, wise.

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Igor (? – 945) Third Russian prince (912-945), son of Rurik. The main focus of his activities was protecting the country from Pecheneg raids and preserving the unity of the state. He undertook numerous campaigns to expand the possessions of the Kyiv state, in particular against the Uglich people. He continued his campaigns against Byzantium. During one of them (941) he failed, during the other (944) he received a ransom from Byzantium and concluded a peace treaty that consolidated the military-political victories of Rus'. Undertook the first successful campaigns of the Russians into the North Caucasus (Khazaria) and Transcaucasia. In 945 he tried to collect tribute from the Drevlyans twice (the procedure for collecting it was not legally established), for which he was killed by them.

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Olga (C. 890-969) Wife of Prince Igor, the first female ruler of the Russian state (regent for her son Svyatoslav). Established in 945-946. the first legislative procedure for collecting tribute from the population of the Kyiv state. In 955 (according to other sources, 957) she made a trip to Constantinople, where she secretly converted to Christianity under the name of Helen. In 959, the first of the Russian rulers sent an embassy to Western Europe, to Emperor Otto I. His response was to send it in 961-962. with missionary purposes to Kyiv, Archbishop Adalbert, who tried to bring Western Christianity to Rus'. However, Svyatoslav and his entourage refused Christianization and Olga was forced to transfer power to her son. In the last years of her life, she was virtually removed from political activity. Nevertheless, she retained significant influence on her grandson, the future Prince Vladimir the Saint, whom she was able to convince of the need to accept Christianity.

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Svyatoslav (?-972) Son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga. Ruler of the Old Russian state in 962-972. He was distinguished by his warlike character. He was the initiator and leader of many aggressive campaigns: against the Oka Vyatichi (964-966), the Khazars (964-965), the North Caucasus (965), Danube Bulgaria (968, 969-971), Byzantium (971). He also fought against the Pechenegs (968-969, 972). Under him, Rus' turned into the largest power on the Black Sea. Neither the Byzantine rulers nor the Pechenegs, who agreed on joint actions against Svyatoslav, could come to terms with this. During his return from Bulgaria in 972, his army, bloodless in the war with Byzantium, was attacked on the Dnieper by the Pechenegs. Svyatoslav was killed.

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Vladimir I the Saint (?-1015) The youngest son of Svyatoslav, who defeated his brothers Yaropolk and Oleg in an internecine struggle after the death of his father. Prince of Novgorod (from 969) and Kiev (from 980). He conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yatvingians. He continued his father's fight against the Pechenegs. Volga Bulgaria, Poland, Byzantium. Under him, defensive lines were built along the rivers Desna, Osetr, Trubezh, Sula, etc. Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings for the first time. In 988-990 introduced Eastern Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir I, the Old Russian state entered a period of its prosperity and power. The international authority of the new Christian power grew. Vladimir was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church and is referred to as a Saint. In Russian folklore it is called Vladimir the Red Sun. He was married to the Byzantine princess Anna.

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Svyatoslav II Yaroslavich (1027-1076) Son of Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Chernigov (from 1054), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1073). Together with his brother Vsevolod, he defended the southern borders of the country from the Polovtsians. In the year of his death, he adopted a new set of laws - “Izbornik”.

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Vsevolod I Yaroslavich (1030-1093 Prince of Pereyaslav (from 1054), Chernigov (from 1077), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1078). Together with the brothers Izyaslav and Svyatoslav, he fought against the Polovtsians, took part in the compilation of the Yaroslavich Truth.

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Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich (1050-1113) Grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. Prince of Polotsk (1069-1071), Novgorod (1078-1088), Turov (1088-1093), Grand Duke of Kiev (1093-1113). He was distinguished by hypocrisy and cruelty both towards his subjects and his close circle.

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Vladimir II Vsevolodovich Monomakh (1053-1125) Prince of Smolensk (from 1067), Chernigov (from 1078), Pereyaslavl (from 1093), Grand Duke of Kiev (1113-1125). . Son of Vsevolod I and daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomakh. He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk P. He took measures to limit the arbitrariness of moneylenders and the administrative apparatus. He managed to achieve the relative unity of Rus' and an end to strife. He supplemented the codes of laws that existed before him with new articles. He left a “Teaching” to his children, in which he called for strengthening the unity of the Russian state, living in peace and harmony, and avoiding blood feud

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Mstislav I Vladimirovich (1076-1132) Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Grand Duke of Kyiv (1125-1132). From 1088 he ruled in Novgorod, Rostov, Smolensk, etc. He took part in the work of the Lyubech, Vitichev and Dolob congresses of Russian princes. He took part in campaigns against the Polovtsians. He led the defense of Rus' from its western neighbors.

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Vsevolod P Olgovich (?-1146) Prince of Chernigov (1127-1139). Grand Duke of Kyiv (1139-1146).

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Izyaslav II Mstislavich (c. 1097-1154) Prince of Vladimir-Volyn (from 1134), Pereyaslavl (from 1143), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1146). Grandson of Vladimir Monomakh. Participant in feudal strife. Supporter of the independence of the Russian Orthodox Church from the Byzantine Patriarchate.

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Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky (90s of the 11th century - 1157) Prince of Suzdal and Grand Duke of Kiev. Son of Vladimir Monomakh. In 1125 he moved the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal principality from Rostov to Suzdal. Since the beginning of the 30s. fought for southern Pereyaslavl and Kyiv. Considered the founder of Moscow (1147). In 1155 captured Kyiv for the second time. Poisoned by the Kyiv boyars.

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Cue

the legendary founder of the city of Kyiv, together with the brothers Shchek and Khoriv, and its first ruler. This happened at the turn of the 8th-9th centuries, in the 790-800s.

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Until relatively recently, many considered Kiy to be a purely legendary figure, invented primarily to explain the origin of the name “Kyiv”. However, the custom of naming the city after its founder did exist; this is exactly how the names of the cities of Vladimir-Volynsky later arose (in honor of Vladimir Svyatoslavich)

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Rurik

born approximately 806-807. in the city of Rerik, in the family of Godolub, prince of the Slavic Rarogs (Reregs). The Rarogs were part of a large tribal union of the Obodrichs, who were engaged in arable farming, crafts and trade.

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Rurik's mother was Umilena, the middle daughter of the Novgorod prince Gostomysl. The first-born child born in such a family had a secure future practically in his pocket, but “His Majesty Chance” reshapes human destinies in his own way. In 808, the city of Rerik was captured by the Danish king Gottfried and Godolub was executed. Umilena flees the city with Rurik. Now, except for the noble origin and the family coat of arms of the saker falcon, the symbol of Fire God, Rurik had nothing (falconry is a popular royal pastime, the tradition stems from this symbol).

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According to the chronicles, Rurik, summoned from the Varangians by the Slavs, Krivichi, Chud and the whole in 862, first occupied Ladoga, and then moved to Novgorod. He ruled in Novgorod under an agreement concluded with the local nobility, who asserted the right to collect revenue. Founder of the Rurik dynasty. according to the chronicle legend, the head of the Varangian military detachment, allegedly called by the Ilmen Slavs, together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor, to reign in Novgorod.

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Of course, Rurik made plans for the capture of Kyiv, a campaign against Tsar Grad and the defeat of the Khazar Kaganate, but he needed powerful allies. Therefore, in 873-879, he repeatedly traveled to the West, where he negotiated military support with the heirs of the Frankish king Lothair. Unfortunately, death in 879 cut short his plans; they were brought to life by the warrior priest Oleg the Prophet, together with Prince Igor Rurikovich.

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Dir

The origin of the prince's name still raises questions. A common historical version derived it from the Scandinavian "dyr" or "djur" - "beast", which was explained by the Scandinavian origin of Dir. According to other versions, the name-nickname has Slavic or Turkic roots. - Old Russian prince. According to legend, co-ruler of Askold in Kyiv. Killed by Prince Oleg.

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Coming from nowhere, he came to Novgorod among the Russians who accompanied Rurik, who was called to reign, in 862; in 864; from Kyiv he went in boats to Byzantium (Constantinople), according to some news, in 865, and again, according to the chronicle legend, in 866; having suffered a setback from a storm in the Bosphorus, he made peace with the Greeks in 867; there are indications that he adopted Christianity around 870; “And the grave of Dirov,” testifies the Monk Nestor, “behind Saint Orina,” and this place is indicated presumably to the south of the current Kiev-Sophia Cathedral and not far from the ruins of the ancient Irininskaya church, found in 1833.

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OLEG (882-912)

Old Russian prince. Ruled from 879 in Novgorod, from 882 in Kyiv. As a result of the victorious campaign against Byzantium, the first written agreements were concluded in 907 and 911, which provided for preferential terms of trade for Russian merchants and the resolution of legal and military issues.

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In 882, according to chronicle chronology, Prince Oleg set out on a campaign from Novgorod to the south, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech along the way, establishing his power there. Then Oleg, with the Novgorod army and a hired Varangian squad, captured Kyiv, killed Askold, who ruled there, and Dirai declared Kyiv the capital of his state; The dominant religion was paganism, although a Christian community already existed in Kyiv. Oleg conquered the Drevlyans, northerners and Radimichi (the last two tribal unions had previously paid tribute to the Khazars).

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Igor (912-945)

Grand Duke of Kiev from 912. In 941 and 944 he made campaigns against Byzantium, with which he concluded an agreement. Igor made two military campaigns against Byzantium. The first, in 941, ended unsuccessfully.

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The second campaign against Byzantium took place in 944. It ended with a treaty that confirmed many of the provisions of the previous treaties of 907 and 911, but abolished duty-free trade. In 943 or 944 a campaign was made against Berdaa. In 945, Igor was killed while collecting tribute from the Drevlyans. Killed by the Drevlyans who rebelled during the collection of tribute.

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Olga (945-969)

princess, wife of the Kyiv prince Igor. Ruled during the childhood of his son Svyatoslav and during his campaigns. Suppressed the uprising of the Drevlyans. The first of the Russian rulers accepted Christianity even before the baptism of Rus', the first Russian saint.

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Having conquered the Drevlyans, Olga in 947 went to the Novgorod and Pskov lands, assigning lessons there (a kind of tribute measure), after which she returned to her son Svyatoslav in Kyiv. Olga established a system of “cemeteries” - centers of trade and exchange, in which taxes were collected in a more orderly manner; Then they began to build churches in graveyards. Princess Olga laid the foundation for stone urban planning in Rus'.

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In 945, Olga established the size of the “polyudya” - taxes in favor of Kyiv, the timing and frequency of their payment - “rents” and “charters”. The lands subject to Kyiv were divided into administrative units, in each of which a princely administrator was appointed - “tiun”.

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Svyatoslav Igorevich (957-972)

Kyiv prince. Son of Prince Igor Rurikovich. Around 962, the matured Svyatoslav took power into his own hands. His first action was the subjugation of the Vyatichi (964), who were the last of all the East Slavic tribes to continue to pay tribute to the Khazars.

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From 964 he made campaigns from Kyiv to the Oka, to the Volga region, to the North Caucasus and the Balkans; subjugated the Vyatichi. In 965, Svyatoslav made a campaign against the Khazar Kaganate, taking its main cities by storm. . In 967 he fought with Bulgaria for the Danube region. In alliance with the Hungarians, Bulgarians, he fought the Russian-Byzantine War of 970-971. Strengthened the foreign policy position of the Kyiv state. He was killed in a battle with the Pechenegs at the Dnieper rapids while returning to Kyiv from an unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium in 972.

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Vladimir I Svyatoslavovich (980-1015)

Prince of Novgorod (from 969), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 980). The youngest son of Svyatoslav. Conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yatvingians, fought with Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium and Poland

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Under him, defensive lines were built along the rivers Desna, Osetr, Trubezh, Sula, etc., and the city of Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. In 988-989 he introduced Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir I, the Old Russian state entered its heyday, and the international authority of Rus' strengthened. In Russian epics it was called the Red Sun. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

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Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054)

Grand Duke of Kyiv (1019). Son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich. The reign became the period of the highest prosperity of the state.

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He established dynastic ties with many European countries, which testified to the wide international recognition of Rus' in the European Christian world. Intensive stone construction is underway. Yaroslav moved from Novgorod to Kyiv and defeated the Pechenegs, after which their raids on Rus' ceased. It was under him that the Russian Truth was compiled.

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Presentation - The First Russian Princes

Text of this presentation

Formation of statehood in Rus'
The first Russian princes
02.12.2016

The formation of the state among the Slavs
Nestor the chronicler, author of The Tale of Bygone Years, connected the founding of the state among the Slavs with the personality of Prince Kiy. Kiy is the legendary prince of the Polyans, who founded the capital of Kievan Rus.
“Brothers Kiy, Shchek and Khoriv, with their sister Lybid, lived between the glades on three mountains... Kiy was in charge of his family... His descendants reigned among the glades.” N.M. Karamzin

Calling of the Varangians
Next, Nestor talks about the calling of the Varangians to Novgorod: “And there was no truth among them, and generation after generation arose, and they had strife, and they said to themselves: “Let us look for a prince who would rule us and judge us by right.” And they went overseas to the Varangians, to Rus'. Those Varangians were called Rus, just as others were called Svei (Swedes), and others were Normans... They said to the Rus: “Our land is great and abundant, but there is no order in it. Come reign and rule over us." And three brothers were chosen with their clans, and took all of Rus' with them, and came to the Slavs. And the eldest Rurik sat in Ladoga, and the other - Sineus - on Beloozero, and the third Truvor - in Izborsk...
Rurik 862-879 Legendary founder of the ancient Russian state

Prince Oleg882-912
According to chronicle legend, a relative or governor of Rurik. After the death of Rurik, he became the prince of Novgorod and had to take care of the young prince Igor. In 882 by cunning he took possession of Kiev and made it the capital of the state (“the mother of Russian cities”).
Oleg and Igor

Oleg's hikes
Oleg fought with the northern and Radimichi tribes. He defeated them and imposed tribute. Successfully fought with the Khazars. In 907 Made a successful campaign against Byzantium.
Oleg's shield over Constantinople
“How the prophetic Oleg is now planning to take revenge on the unreasonable Khazars: Their villages and fields for the violent raid He condemned to swords and fires...”

In 911, Oleg concluded a profitable trade agreement with the Greeks, and a year later he died. The legend of the prince’s death formed the basis of the famous poem by A.S. Pushkin:
“...So this is where my destruction was hidden! The bone threatened me with death!” From the dead head the grave snake, Hissing, meanwhile crawled out; Like a black ribbon, it wrapped itself around the legs, And the stung prince suddenly cried out.”
Oleg terrified his enemies and was loved by his subjects. Upon learning of Oleg’s death, “the people groaned and shed tears.”

Polyudye
Polyudye is a circular tour of the lands for the purpose of collecting tribute.

Polyudye of the Kyiv princes in the first half of the 10th century

Responsibilities of tributaries
D A N B
WORKS
Horse skins Fish Furs Handicrafts Beer, honey Grain Meat Slaves - servants Wax Linen, fabrics
Receive the prince at camps and graveyards Build roads and bridges Build and equip boats (weave sails for them, etc.)

Prince Igor912-945
Son of Rurik, successful commander. Concluded a truce with the Pechenegs. In 941, . made an unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium: his boats were burned by “Greek fire”.

In 941, Igor went by sea to the shores of Byzantium. The Bulgarians sent word to Constantinople that Rus' was coming; Theophanes was sent against her, who burned Igor's boats with Greek fire. Having been defeated at sea, the Russians landed in Asia Minor. In 944 he went to Byzantium again, but the Greeks asked for peace. 944 – treaty: Byzantium again pays tribute to Rus' and recognizes its advance to the south, but Russian merchants lost the right to duty-free trade. Killed while trying to retake tribute from the Drevlyans in 945.

Princess Olga (945 – 957)
The life of the holy Grand Duchess Olga specifies that she was born in the village of Vybuty in the Pskov land, 12 km from Pskov up the Velikaya River. Her name was Beautiful. When Igor was in the northern regions, he somehow needed to cross the river. He called the carrier. In the boat it turned out that the carrier was a girl. The girl turned out to be not only pretty, but also very sensible and physically strong. All this, according to the Book of Degrees, made such a strong impression on Igor that he summoned Olga to Kyiv and married her.

Princess Olga945-969
Avenged the murder of her husband. She streamlined the collection of tribute (the introduction of lessons and graveyards, carts). She was a ruler during the childhood of Svyatoslav, and when he grew up, she ruled the state during his endless campaigns. In 957 she converted to Christianity under the name Elena. Her godfather was the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus.

PVL about Princess Olga's revenge for the murder of her husband
Having killed Igor, the Drevlyans began to think that they could marry his wife Olga to Prince Mal. They sent twenty of their best husbands. Olga told them: “In fact, you can’t resurrect your husband!” ... Tomorrow morning I will send for you. When the Drevlyans left, Olga ordered a hole to be dug in the yard. In the morning, the porters brought a boat with the Drevlyans and threw them into the pit. Olga bent down to them and asked: “Are you satisfied with the honor?” The Drevlyans answered: “Oh, it’s worse for us than Igor’s death!” The princess ordered them to be buried alive. The new ambassadors were burned in a bathhouse. Residents of the Drevlyan capital Iskorosten were ordered to collect tribute - three doves and three sparrows from the yard. The military men, wrapped sulfur and fire in small rags, tied them to each bird and set them free. The birds flew home and set the city on fire. Olga took the city elders for herself; Of the rest, she gave some of them as slaves to the squad, and left others on the spot to pay tribute. The tribute imposed was heavy: two parts of it went to Kyiv, and the third - to Vyshgorod to Olga

Princess Olga burns the city of Iskorosten, the main city of the Drevlyans.

New taxation system (carriage)
Lesson - tribute size
The churchyard is a place where tribute is collected.

Olga's baptism. At baptism, the name is Elena.

Prince Svyatoslav945-972
Svyatoslav spent almost his entire life on military campaigns. Subdued the Vyatichi. Destroyed the Khazar Khaganate. He fought with Byzantium.

Svyatoslav
“Svyatoslav was of average height and very slender, had a broad chest, blue eyes and a long thick mustache. The hair on his head was cut, with the exception of one curl - a sign of noble birth; A gold earring hung in one ear. The prince's appearance was gloomy and stern. His white clothes differed only in their cleanliness from the clothes of other Russians.” Byzantine chronicler Leo the Deacon
To him, the vault of the sky was a tent, both in the summer heat and in the winter cold, the earth under the felt was a bed, and his food was horse meat in hunger. K.F. Ryleev

PVL about Svyatoslav
The first time the name of Svyatoslav is mentioned in the chronicle is in 945. As a child, he took part in his first battle.
“When Prince Svyatoslav grew up and matured, he began to recruit many and brave warriors, walking easily, like a leopard, he fought a lot. Going on a campaign, he did not carry carts with him, nor boilers, nor did he cook meat, but, cutting horse meat or animals into thin slices , or beef, baked over coals; he did not have a tent, but he slept on a horse's sweatshirt, with the saddle under his head; This is how all his warriors behaved. He sent them in different directions, to different nations with the announcement: “I want to go against you!” (“I’m coming at YOU!”)

Domestic policy
Strengthening the state apparatus. Sending sons as governors to the most important lands. When he went to war, he left Yaropolk in Kyiv, Oleg in the Drevlyan land, and Vladimir in Novgorod. Transfer of the princely residence to Pereyaslavets on the Danube The people of Kiev accused Svyatoslav of looking for foreign land and not protecting Kyiv.

Foreign policy
964/965 - defeat of the Khazar Kaganate and its allies - Volga Bulgaria and the Burtas, Alan and Kasog tribes; capture of the Khazar capital city of Itil; advance to the North Caucasus and Don, defeat, capture of the Sarkel fortress. Khazaria ceased to exist as a strong state

Campaigns of Svyatoslava Including the annexation of the Vyatichi

South direction
Gifts of the Greeks to Svyatoslav (miniature of the Radziwill Chronicle).
967 - plan for an attack on Crimea, but Byzantium paid off with gold and asked to attack Bulgaria. Lightning defeat of the troops of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter, who soon died. recognition of Bulgaria's vassal dependence on Rus'. In the possession of Rus' is the Black Sea coast from the Danube to the Kerch Strait. But the Byzantines made peace with the Bulgarians and bribed the Pechenegs to attack Kyiv

Foreign policy
The first known feat of a Russian warrior. When the Pechenegs besieged Kyiv, a young man secretly emerged from it with a bridle in his hands, then walked through the entire Pecheneg camp, asking if anyone had seen his horse. Only when he went down to the Dnieper and swam to the other side to the camp of the Russian governor Pretich, the Pechenegs began to shoot at him with their bows, but he reached his own and hurried them.
969 – repeated victory on the Danube (Bulgaria). Among the allies are mercenaries from the Pechenegs, the Bulgarians - opponents of Byzantium. 970 - The creation of a special detachment of immortals by the Byzantine emperor John Tzimiskes and their defeat by Svyatoslav on the fields of Thrace. “Let us not disgrace the Russian land, let us lie down with bones, The dead have no shame... I will go before you.”

The last year of Svyatoslav
971 – violation of treaties by Byzantium, attack on Russian garrisons in Bulgaria. Bloody battle at the Dorostal fortress. Treaty - Svyatoslav leaves the banks of the Danube, but the lands in the Black Sea and Volga regions remain with Rus'. Spring 972 - the death of Svyatoslav on his way home from the Pechenegs, who were waiting in ambush near the Dnieper..
Bowl from the skull of Svyatoslav, bound in gold, by order of Khan Kuri

Vladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko980-1015
Thanks to successful campaigns, he expanded the borders of Rus'. He built fortress cities on the southern borders with the Pechenegs, with whom he constantly had to fight. In 988 he was baptized. After this he made Christianity the state religion.

The meaning of the adoption of Christianity in Rus'
Community cohesion
Strengthening the power of the Kyiv prince
Improving the international position of Rus'
Softening morals
The emergence of writing
Development of architecture, painting

Rus' from Yaroslav the Wise to Msislav the Great (XI - early XII century)
02.12.2016

Sons of Vladimir
The first Russian saints

Yaroslav the Wise1019-1054
Expelled Svyatopolk from Kyiv and won a victory over the Pechenegs in 1036. Rus' was forever freed from this enemy. Under Yaroslav, written laws were first published in the Slavic language - “Russian Truth”. The prince devoted a lot of time to culture, education, creating libraries, schools, building churches and monasteries.
Reading "Russian Truth" to the people

St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
At the site of the victory over the Pechenegs, Yaroslav ordered the foundation of the Church of Hagia Sophia. Yaroslav invited the best Byzantine craftsmen for construction. The temple became the main religious and cultural center of the country.
Within the walls of the temple there was a school, scriptorium and library of Yaroslav. The Grand Duke was buried here.

Vladimir Monomakh1113-1125
One of the favorite Russian princes. The people composed epics about him, extolling his victory over the Polovtsian Khan Tugorkan (Tugarin Zmeevich). The fame of his military exploits resounded both in the west and in the east. The prince was named Monomakh in honor of his grandfather, the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomakh. Vladimir received a good education. He had an extraordinary gift for writing.

Congress of Princes 1097 Lyubech
The life of Vladimir Monomakh was spent in campaigns and battles. Repeatedly he repelled the attacks of the Polovtsians, and even restored justice in civil strife. In 1113 Vladimir Monomakh took the Kiev throne not by right of inheritance, but at the request of the people of Kiev. He ruled for 12 years, and these years were relatively calm for Rus'. He died at the age of 73, mourned by children and people.
“Why are we destroying the Russian land, raising mutual hostility ourselves. And at this time, the Polovtsians are happy that we are at war with each other, and are striving to destroy our land piece by piece. From now on, we will be unanimous and preserve the Russian land!”

Kievan Rus 9th-12th centuries

Cities of Rus'
Kievan Rus was called GARDARIKA - the country of cities.

Conclusion
IX-X centuries - the period of formation of the early feudal monarchy, which was based on a genealogical principle: supreme power began to belong to the Rurik family. The Grand Duke was the supreme ruler and owner of the land, but his power was limited to the boyars and the veche. Management system: Grand Duke Druzhina (boyars, youths) Princes of tribal unions Squads of princes of tribal unions Socio-political system: Prince Boyars. Druzhina Peasants - Smerds Serfs

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Grand Dukes and Culture of Ancient Rus' Presentation by a student of class 10 “B” Rumyantsev Vasily

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