Presentation for the lesson "Russian Far East". Development of Siberia and the Far East Natural uniqueness of the Far East

8 Vasily Timofeevich Ermak In 1851, the Stroganov merchants invited him to protect the borders from the raids of the Tatar khan of the White Horde (Siberian) Kuchum. The first battle took place near the Tura River, which ended in Ermak’s victory. The decisive battle took place at the mouth of the Tobol River in October 1582, after which Ermak captured Kashlyk, which became the most important milestone in the development of Siberia.

18 Plan diagram of the Tobolsk Kremlin 1) St. Sophia (Assumption) Cathedral; 2) bell tower; 3) cathedral sacristy: 4) Intercession Cathedral; 5) bishop's house; 6) bell tower of the Uglich bell; 7) gazebo in the bishop's garden; 8) stables; 9) consistory; 10) monastic corps; 11) building of the 20th century; 12) Gostiny Dvor; 13) rentery; 14) Peacock Tower; 15) southwestern tower; 16) south tower; 17) southeast tower; 18) south-eastern corner tower; 19) eastern tower; 20) northeast tower; 21) the western part of the wall with a gate; 22-29) spinners of the walls of the Sophia courtyard; 30) northern spindle with the Holy Gate; 31) building of the judicial administration; 32) palace of the governor; 33) printing house building; 34) Sofia transport; 35) trade (dining) tent; 36) prosphora; 37) residential building of the late 18th century; 38) dismantled consistory building; 39) gardener's house; 40) Trinity Church (not preserved); 41) the border of the destroyed and original stone walls; 42) Sophia courtyard; 43) Small (Voznesensky) city;

23 Questions for consolidation What are the reasons for the persistent advance of the Russians “MEETING THE SUN”? Why did the annexation of Siberia and the Far East take place over the centuries? How do the coats of arms reflect the economic activities of people and the natural resources of the region? What was the significance of the annexation of Siberia and the Far East to the Russian state?

24 Conclusion Simple, everyday work transformed Siberia in the 17th century, and it is the basis for the development of Siberia in our days. To be worthy of our predecessors, to preserve the land that cost our people enormous labor and hardship. To enhance the legacy of the pioneers is the task that history sets before us.

Presentation on the topic "Far East" contains eleven slides. General information about the economy, territory, climate, minerals, and population of the region of the Russian Far East is presented.

Fragments from the presentation

The Far East is one of the largest economic and geographical regions of Russia. Includes Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan and Sakhalin regions, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Area – 3.1 million. km2. The overall population density in the Far East is very low: less than 1 person per 1 sq. km., main population concentrations: in the area of ​​Magadan, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the Amur region and Primorye. Population is about 8 million people.

The territory of the Far East stretches from north to south for more than 4.5 thousand. km. It is washed by the Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, and Japanese seas. The Far East is a predominantly mountainous country; The plains occupy relatively small spaces, mainly along the valleys of large rivers (Amur and its tributaries, Anadyr, etc.). There are active volcanoes in Kamchatka.

Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai is located in the southern part of the Far East, covering an area of ​​165.9 thousand km2. It borders with the PRC and the DPRK, in the north with the Khabarovsk Territory, and in the east it is washed by the waters of the Sea of ​​Japan.

Most of the territory is occupied by mountains belonging to the Sikhote-Alin system. The most extensive lowland is the Ussuri lowland. The climate has a pronounced monsoon character. Most of the rivers belong to the Amur basin.

Minerals of the Far East:

• tin,
• polymetals,
• tungsten, gold,
• coal,
• Construction Materials.

Primorsky Krai has a developed diversified agriculture.

The share of livestock in agricultural products is 60%. In the total consumption of the region's population, local production of vegetables, milk and meat accounts for up to 60-65%; The population is fully provided with its own potatoes.

Primorye is the most developed region of the Far East in terms of transport. The territory of the region from north to south is crossed by the final section of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which has several exits to the sea coast, where large transport hubs have been created (Vladivostok, Nakhodka, etc.)

Economic ties of the region: fish and fish products, timber, furs, soybeans, rice, honey are exported; ferrous metals, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, food and light industry products, and building materials are imported.

Khabarovsk region

The Khabarovsk Territory borders the Primorsky Territory, the Amur and Magadan regions. It is washed by the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan.

The mountainous terrain prevails here (over 70% of the territory), the climate is monsoon, with harsh and little snow winters and warm, humid summers.

The rivers of the region belong to the basins of the Pacific and Arctic oceans. The largest river in the region is the Amur.

Minerals:

• tin,
• mercury,
• iron ore,
• hard and brown coal,
• graphite,
• manganese,
• feldspar,
• phosphorites,
• Construction Materials,
• peat.

The regional center is Khabarovsk (601 thousand people).

Largest cities in the region:

• Komsomolsk-on-Amur,
• Birobidzhan,
• Amursk

Agriculture is poorly developed.

Maritime transport is developed and air transport is widely used. The Okha-Komsomolsk-on-Amur oil pipeline is operational.

Economic ties of the Khabarovsk Territory: mechanical engineering and metalworking products of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, chemistry, fish and fish products are exported; Oil and oil products, ferrous metallurgy products, machinery and equipment, light industry products, and food are imported.

The Far East has developed ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking, shipbuilding and ship repair, oil refining, as well as timber, textile, food and fishing industries. Occupations of the population: reindeer husbandry, hunting (fishing); Live here: Russians, Evenks, Evens, Chukchi, Koryaks, Yakuts;

Largest cities of the Far East:

• Magadan,
• Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky,
• Komsomolsk-on-Amur,
• Blagoveshchensk,
• Khabarovsk,
• Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk,
• Vladivostok.

Peculiarities of nature and economy of the Far East

9th grade

The Far East is a region that includes Northeast, East and Southeast Asia. An integral part of the geopolitical concept of the Asia-Pacific region.

home feature b :

proximity to the Pacific Ocean and an inextricable connection with it in all respects.

Climate Far East

• The climate of the Far East is particularly contrasting – from sharply continental to monsoon, which is due to the enormous extent of the region’s territory.

• In the northern part the climate is extremely harsh. Winter has little snow and lasts up to 9 months. The southern part has a monsoon climate with cold winters and humid summers.

Relief

The Far East is a predominantly mountainous area located in the area of ​​Mesozoic and Cenozoic folding .

• In the south, medium-high and low mountain ranges predominate (Sikhote-Alin, Bureinsky, Dzhugdzhur), in the north there are highlands (Kolyma, Koryak, Chukotka) and plateaus (Anadyr). The Kamchatka mountain ranges crowned with volcanic cones reach their greatest heights (Klyuchevskaya Sopka - 4750 m).

Nature of the region

• The nature of the Far East is diverse and interesting. Due to its extension from north to south, the region is covered by tundra, taiga, deciduous and mixed forests. Deer, moose, brown bears, wild boars, tigers, as well as a huge variety of birds and fish are typical representatives of the animal world of the Far East .

Nature of the region

• The aquatic world of the Far East is especially rich and diverse. In addition, marine resources are a daily source of income and food for both the local population and the fishermen who hunt in these waters. Unfortunately, the unreasonable use of water resources leads to the disappearance of many species of fish and marine vegetation. Pollution of water bodies is the most dangerous threat to the destruction of flora

History of the region's development

• Russian explorers and sailors of the 17th – first half of the 18th centuries. can rightfully be called the first researchers of Siberia and the Far East, who for the first time turned to the study of geography, nature and population of the Yakutsk fort (Yakutsk), and these lands.

Ermak's campaign in 1581 - 1582. laid the foundation for the active resettlement movement of Russians from the Urals to the east, “meeting the sun,” to the Pacific Ocean. A special role in this process was played by the Yakutsk fort (Yakutsk), founded by Pyotr Beketov on the river. Lena (since 1642 it became the center of administrative control of the Yakut district).

At the same time, they founded the first Russian village in the Far East and on the shores of the Pacific Ocean - the Ust-Ulya winter quarters - and began the first collection of yasak from the aborigines of the Far East.

• From the accompanying Evens, the Cossacks learned that the Chirkol river is also called “Omur” (a name that arose from the distorted “Momur”, which came from the Nanai “Mongmu”, “Mongou” - “big river”, “strong water”). This is how the name “Cupid” appeared, which became widely known throughout the world from the end of the 17th century.

• The dynamics of the population in the Far East reflects the all-Russian trend; since 1991, there has been a constant decline. The rate of population decline for the period from 1992 to 1997 ranged from 1% to 2% per year, which is higher than the national figure .

Mining industry

Due to the remoteness of the region, problems arise with the transportation of extracted raw materials. However, the Far East has huge mineral reserves:

• coal
• tin
• nickel

• The enormous forest wealth of the Far East (about 11 billion cubic meters) led to the creation here of one of the largest logging and wood processing complexes:

• over 40% - prepared by Khabarovsk Territory
• almost 20% - Primorsky
• approximately 10% each - Sakhalin, Amur region.

• Vast spaces of the Far Eastern territories and insufficient development
• land routes of communication predetermine the increased importance of aviation and water transport here. This is especially true for passenger transportation for air transport, where aviation plays a leading role both on intraregional and interregional routes, and cargo transportation by water transport.