The verb is either personal or impersonal. Verb

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
• Verbs:
• • participles;
  • participles;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Functional parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:

• the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• proper or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• gender (m,f, avg.);
• number (singular, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan for morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby drinks milk."

Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;

• initial form - baby;
• constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
• when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.

Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form – milk;
• constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
• variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
• direct object in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• initial form - queen;
• constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, first declension;
• fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (with what?) - noun;

• initial shape - palm;
• constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
• inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
• fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;

• the initial form is a coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
• morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

• initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • rank according to the value:
  • • - quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother);
  • degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
  • full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
• inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives vary according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees the simple form, in superlative degrees - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
  • full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
  • gender marker (singular only);
  • number (agrees with the noun);
  • case (agrees with the noun);
• syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective

Example sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) – adjective;

• initial form – full;
• constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
• according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
• inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - slender;
• constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - thin;
• morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - blue;
• table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - amazing;
• constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• inconjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • repayment:
  • • returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
    • irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
    • II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
    • mixed verbs (want, run);
• inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do!;
  • time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
  • person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
  • gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
  • number;
• syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • subject: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of verb example

To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online example of morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

• initial form - listen;
• morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Caution (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
• syntactic function in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;

• initial form - know;
• inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• initial form - violate;
• constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did you do?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

1. List the different conjugated verbs. Why are they called that?
2. What is special about verb conjugation? give, eat? Can they be classified as heteroconjugated? Why?
3. Give 2-3 examples of transitive and intransitive verbs.
4. How is the conditional form formed? How to spell a particle would with verbs?
5. What do you need to know about the spelling of the soft sign in the imperative mood of verbs?

1. In what forms are verbs in the imperative mood used? What other verb forms can be used to express an impulse to action? Give some examples.
2. In what mood can verbs only end in -ite, and in which - on -ite And -yeah? Why?
3. In what mood do verbs change tenses?
4. When letters are written o - e And s - and in suffixes -ova-(-eva-) And -yva-(-iva-)?

527 . A dictation of words with unchecked spellings, the spelling of which was studied in the topic “Verb”.

528 . Read § 80-88. Make a complex plan for reporting a verb as a part of speech. Tell us about the verb according to this plan, giving your own examples.

529 . Write down the verbs with Not by groups: 1) personal verbs, 2) impersonal verbs. Determine their inclination.

1. Be (not) brave in the stove, but (not) cowardly in the field. 2. (Don’t) stick your nose into the water without knowing the ford. 3. Today it (not) melts, but who knows tomorrow. 4. The eye sees, but the tooth (does not) understand. 5. For whom 3 there is no pursuit, he 3 (does not) run. 6. I want to eat, but I (don’t) want to get out of the oven 1.

(Proverbs.)

530 . Write down and underline the intransitive verbs. Name the types of spelling in place of spaces and brackets. With the help of what cognate members is revealed the main idea of ​​the fragment of the poem - “I love you, Peter’s creation”?

My Fatherland Russia

I love you, Petra's creation,
I love 3 your strict, slender appearance,
Neva d..rusty temperature,
Its coastal boundary,
Your fences have a chug(n, nn) ​​pattern,
of your thoughtful nights
Transparent(?) dusk, brilliance(n, nn)y,
When I'm in my room
I write, I read without a lamp,
And 1 sleeping group is clear
Empty (n, nn) ​​streets, and s..tla
Admiralty needle.
And, not letting the darkness of the night(?)
To the golden heavens,
One for nothing, see another thread
Sleep..shit, giving the night.. (half) an hour.

(A. Pushkin.)

531 . First write down the verbs in the infinitive form, then in the 2nd person singular indicative mood and, finally, in the 2nd person singular mood.

Burn(?), sunbathe(?), key(?), touch(?) 2, provide(?) those, attract(?), multiply(?), bake(?), cut(?), come (?), whisper(?)sya, get angry(?)sya, rook(?), take care(?)sya, comrade(?), get dirty(?), burnt(?)sya, don’t worry(?) be careful, clearing(?), ivy(?), hiding(?) hiding.

532 . Remember the types of spelling patterns studied in the topic “Verb”, and write down 3-4 words with these spelling patterns, indicating the conditions for their selection. If you have any difficulties, refer to the list of studied spellings on the endpapers of the textbook.

533 . Fill the table " E And And at the endings of words" examples. Verbally indicate on what conditions the choice of letter depends e or And.

534 . Make a table “Letters oh, oh And e at the endings of words after sibilants.” In the columns, place the letters horizontally, and the parts of speech vertically on the left. In what types of spellings are these spellings found?

535 . Dictation. Indicate the conjugation of verbs. Which of the highlighted verbs is transitive and which is intransitive?

What you love, what you breathe,
What is your soul full of?
You can hear it in the voice...
It's in the song I remember.
And we let's sing about the homeland,
With which so much is connected,
With whom so much has passed
Good and different!
The hard thing will be forgotten,
The good will remain.
What will happen to the homeland...
That’s what will happen to the people.

(I. Utkin.)

Whoever looks at the Impersonal Verb will immediately determine that it looks somehow imperfect. But if you turn to him for clarification, he will immediately answer:

I personally think...

The impersonal Verb has the right to count personally: after all, it is the main member of the sentence. When the campaign to reduce the sentence apparatus began, he was the first to express his readiness to work without a Subject. Since then, the Impersonal Verb is the only main member of the sentence, and its word is obligatory for everyone: from the Direct Object to the last Point.

The Impersonal Verb has two Objects. One carries out his direct instructions, the other - indirect. Additions have with them Definitions, and those, in turn, judging by the Circumstances associated with them, are also called upon to play an important role in the proposal.

But the Impersonal Verb controls everything single-handedly. He is not interested in collective thought, he does not listen to it at all. The secondary members have long been accustomed to the arbitrariness of the Impersonal Verb and do not even try to criticize it. The Indirect Supplement usually expresses itself on all sorts of abstract issues, and the Direct Supplement, although it finds the courage to express itself with all directness, somehow it always turns out that it complements the main member of the sentence more than it contradicts it. As for the other minor members, the Definitions agree in everything with the Additions, and the Circumstances adjoin the Definitions.

The Impersonal Verb does not change, and they cannot do anything with it. Still would! He is an important person, he works without a Subject!

ROOT

In the moisture REMOVE the root disappeared.

All other parts of the word remained in place: the Prefix YOU, the Suffix NU, and even the Ending Т, known for its instability. And the Root disappeared.

This was the ancient Root IM, which for centuries existed in a wide variety of words in our language: HAVE, SHOOT, RAISE and many others. It is also preserved in the imperfect form of the verb REMOVE. And disappeared somewhere during the formation of the perfect species.

Strange improvement! - The ending quipped about this. - I feel that soon I will have to work for everyone.

You are not right! - Prefix interrupted him. - Maybe something happened to Root.

Something happened to everyone. We know these things. But I warn you, don't count on me.

I already have enough work.

Well, well,” Suffix said conciliatoryly. - No need to quarrel. One thing is clear: from now on we must do without the Root.

We have to replace him,” suggested the Prefix. - I used to mean only movement from within, but now I will take on an additional obligation.

“Me too,” said Suffix. - From now on, I will mean not only instantaneous action. What about you, The End? Are you really going to stay away?

“What do I care?” The ending shrugged. - I'm here temporarily...

But the help of the End was not needed. The Prefix and Suffix got down to business and successfully replaced the Root of the word.

At first glance, you can’t even tell that there is no Root in the word REMOVE.

Verbs in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood have an inconsistent morphological feature of the face.

Face indicates the producer of the action.

The 1st person form indicates that the speaker (alone or with a group of people) is the producer of the action: I'm coming, let's go.

The 2nd person form indicates that the producer of the action is the listener / listeners: go, go, go, go.

The 3rd person form indicates that the action is carried out by persons not participating in the dialogue, or by objects: let him go, let him go, let him go / let him go.

Forms 1 and 2 persons, in the absence of a subject, can indicate that the action is attributed to any producer (see generalized personal one-part sentence: The quieter you go, the further you'll get).

From the point of view of relation to the morphological category of person, verbs can be divided into personal and impersonal.

Personal verbs denote actions that have a producer, and can act as predicates of two-part sentences ( I'm ill).

Impersonal verbs denote action that do not have a producer ( It's getting dark), or an action that is thought of as occurring against the will of the subject ( I'm not feeling well). These are states of nature ( It's getting dark), person ( I'm shivering) or subjective assessment of the situation ( I want to believe it). Impersonal verbs cannot be predicates of two-part sentences and act as the main member of a one-part impersonal sentence.

Impersonal verbs have a limited number of forms:

In the past tense of the indicative mood and in the conditional mood, the impersonal form coincides with the neuter singular form. numbers: it would be dawn;

In the present / future tense of the indicative mood, the impersonal form coincides with the form of the 3rd person singular. numbers: it is dawning, it will be dawning;

In the imperative mood, the impersonal form coincides with the form of the 2nd person unit. numbers: Sunrise early, I would get up earlier(figurative use of the imperative mood in the meaning of the conditional).

Most impersonal verbs also have an infinitive form, but some impersonal verbs do not even have this, for example: You should do the task in advance(verb follow in the infinitive there is no meaning of obligation).

Personal verbs can also appear in an impersonal form (cf.: The wave washed away the boat. - The boat was washed away by the wave.). This happens when the action itself is more important to the speaker than its producer.

In the indicative mood, the morphological feature of a person is expressed by personal endings and, if there is a subject in the sentence, is a concordant category: personal pronouns I And We require putting the verb in the 1st person form, personal pronouns You And You require the use of a verb in the 2nd person, other pronouns and all nouns, as well as words that act as a noun, require the use of a verb in the 3rd person form.

Conjugation

Conjugation- this is a change in the verb by persons and numbers.

The endings of the present/simple future tense are called personal endings verb (since they also convey the meaning of the person).

Personal endings depend on the conjugation of the verb:

If the personal endings of the verb are stressed, then the conjugation is determined by the endings. So, verb sleep refers to II conjugation ( sleep), and the verb drink- to I conjugation ( drink-eat). The same conjugation includes prefixed verbs derived from them with unstressed endings ( drink and eat).

If the endings are unstressed, then the conjugation is determined by the form of the infinitive of the verb: to II conjugation all verbs ending in - it, except shave, lay, rest on, as well as 11 exceptions: 7 verbs ending in - eat (look, see, endure, turn, depend, hate, offend) and 4 verbs starting with - at (hear, breathe, drive, hold). The remaining verbs refer to I conjugation.

In the Russian language there are verbs in which part of the personal endings belongs to the first conjugation, and part to the second. Such verbs are called differently conjugated. This want, run, honor and all verbs formed from the above.

Verb want has endings of the first conjugation in all singular forms. numbers and endings of the second conjugation in all plural forms. numbers.

Verb run has endings of the second conjugation in all forms except the 3rd person plural. numbers where it has the ending I conjugation.

Verb honor can either be heteroconjugated or belong to the II conjugation, which depends on the form of the 3rd person plural. numbers honor/honor.

In addition, there are verbs, some of whose personal endings are not represented in either the I or II conjugations. Such verbs have special conjugation. This There is And give and all those educated from them ( eat, pass), as well as verbs associated with origin data ( get bored, create). They have the following endings:

Most verbs have all possible forms of person and number, but there are also verbs that do not have any or usually do not use certain forms. So, for verbs win, find yourself, wonder there are no forms of 1st person unit. numbers, verbs crowd, group, scatter unit forms are not used. numbers, verbs foal, crystallize- 1st and 2nd person forms.