Unforgettable teacher. Director of the gymnasium Lev Ivanovich Polivanov (1839–1899)

Heinrich Afanasyevich left the mortal world on December 3, 1900, leaving his children and companions with a factory that brings up to two million rubles in annual income. His unique collection paintings, porcelain, bronze, furniture, old books, the widow turned into a permanent Moscow museum. Not only did the foreign and democratic press publish obituaries about him, but even the conservatives, who disliked everything foreign, regretted the death of the enterprising Frenchman in the newspapers.

“Yesterday in France, in Cannes, the funeral of the Muscovite G. A. Brocard took place,” wrote a reporter for Moskovsky Listok. - I use the word "Muscovite" not without intent. A Frenchman by birth, a visiting guest of Moscow, the late Brocard was nonetheless a Muscovite... This man, who enjoyed wide and good popularity with us in Moscow, had three main qualities: a solid industrial mind, a sincere love for art and a lively kindness of soul.

Unforgettable teacher. Director of the gymnasium Lev Ivanovich Polivanov (1839–1899)

We learn about the past mainly from books and archival documents. We judge people past centuries according to their letters, memoirs of contemporaries. And also on business. More than others, we understand the writers who displayed in prose and poetry the depths of their souls. Inner world In other professions, we feel less, if we understand at all. Alas, a dry list of their deeds, even if they are grandiose, such as the discovery of a new substance or the construction of a grandiose factory, is unable to recreate the image of a person. But you can't write about writers alone! (The flattering biographies of statesmen do not count here; as a rule, they are legendary and similar to one another, like two drops of water.) Let's try to draw a portrait of a representative of a modest, but exclusively important profession- teacher.

If list literary works Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, it will turn out to be a hefty, but rather ordinary second for an intellectual half of XIX century list. Readers for public schools, " Starting book for teaching the Russian language”, textbooks “Russian and Church Slavonic etymology”, “Russian syntax”, commented on for high school students the works of A. S. Pushkin in five volumes, also commented on editions of Derzhavin, Karamzin, Russian epics, biography of V. A. Zhukovsky , a critical analysis of the poetic book of Ya. P. Polonsky, translations of Racine and Moliere, pedagogical articles in magazines and collections. Judging by these writings, we are presented with a type of outstanding worker in the field of public education. But Polivanov was not a type, but a peculiar, unique personality.

Throughout Moscow, almost half a century since the 1870s, when they talked about education, the words did not leave the lips: Polivanovskaya Gymnasium. Here, in Pegov's house on the corner of Prechistenka and Maly Levshinsky Lane, Metropolitan Trifon (Prince Boris Turkestanov) and poet Valery Bryusov, mathematician Count Mikhail Olsufiev and philosopher Lev Lopatin, world chess champion Alexander Alekhin and three sons of Leo Tolstoy studied...

“The Polivanov Gymnasium,” said its pupil, the writer Andrei Bely, “I consider, without any illusions, the best Moscow gymnasium of its time.”

Another Polivanovite, philosopher and poet Vladimir Solovyov, argued that the laurels of the gymnasium were acquired by its director: “He invested in his school living soul, raised and held this school above the usual bureaucracy and knew how to kindle in his pupils the sparks of the fire that burned in himself.

life path such an adored teacher does not shine with either eccentric acts or legendary incidents. He was born on February 27, 1838 in the family of artillery lieutenant Ivan Gavrilovich Polivanov in the village of Zagarin, Nizhny Novgorod province. In 1844, after the death of his mother, the family moved to Moscow. Here, the future teacher graduated from the Fourth Gymnasium and the Faculty of History and Philosophy of Moscow University. Since 1861, she has been teaching Russian literature at the Mariinsky-Yermolovsky School for Women and at the 1st cadet corps, since 1864 - in the Third and Fourth gymnasiums. In 1868, together with other employees, he opened a private gymnasium and managed it until his death, which came on February 11, 1899. He was a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, the Psychological Society, the Literacy Committee under the Moscow Society Agriculture, Moscow Circle of Teachers of Ancient Languages, Orthodox Brotherhood in the Name of the Most Holy Theotokos.

In Russia, especially in St. Petersburg, there are several thousand officials with much more vivid biographies and an impressive number of titles. But they are only talked about in the circle of colleagues. Polivanov was known and loved by all of Moscow. Parents, sending their children to his gymnasium, believed that education in it hand will go hand in hand with the family, that while observing the general gymnasium program, all efforts will be used here in order to incline the pupil to meaningful work.

They studied in Polivanovka the same things as everywhere else: the Law of God, Russian literature, French, German, Latin and Greek(the latter is optional for those who did not prepare for university), mathematics, physics, history, geography, natural history, drawing, calligraphy, drafting, choral singing, gymnastics. But…

Leo, Leo is coming! - warns his comrades an excited high school student, dressed, like everyone else, in a black blouse with a leather belt.

The lion does not enter - it flies into the classroom. With a gray mane of hair falling over his shoulders, tall and stooped, in a short jacket, with long, always in motion, if not clasped behind his back in a lock, hands. He sat down ... Or rather, he collapsed on a chair not at all like a teacher, his eyes flashed and - a lively fascinating speech poured out. His excitement, his excitement was transmitted to the students, they do not even notice that the bell rang at the end of the lesson.

Leo, Leo is coming! - distributed in another class.

The lion reads an excerpt from the book by S. T. Aksakov: “The swan, in its size, strength, beauty and majestic posture, has long and rightly been called the king of all water or waterfowl. White as snow, with shining transparent small eyes, with a black nose and black paws, with a long, flexible and beautiful neck, he is inexpressibly beautiful when he calmly swims between green reeds on a dark blue smooth surface of the water.

And now, strictly adhering to Aksakov's form, describe the horse. So you will be able to understand the style of the writer and you yourself will be in his place.

Ermolov, a third-grade student, diligently writes line after line: “The horse, for its beauty, strength, intelligence, endurance and services, has long and rightly become a favorite of man among all animals. Light as the wind, with intelligent expressive eyes, a long and flexible neck, with thin legs, a lush mane - she is inexpressibly beautiful when she rushes free.

Leo knew how to intuitively inspire the pupils with confidence that it was impossible not to fulfill his requirements. And if the teacher can do this, he is omnipotent in the classroom.

But he's not enough class lessons, he hardly sleeps, takes on a lot and always brings the matter to the end.

For ten years, Polivanov led the Shakespeare Circle, the vast majority of whose members were his graduates. On the stage of the Nemchinov Theater they staged sixteen plays by the English genius and always performed in a crowded hall. The premiere of "Henry IV" was attended by two Ivans, Turgenev and Aksakov, who had seen many first-class artists in their lifetime, but even they, without prejudice, called the production first-class.

In 1880, Polivanov carried out a gigantic job of organizing festivities on the occasion of the opening of the monument to Pushkin on Tverskoy Boulevard and the creation of a unique Pushkin exhibition.

He always wanted to help someone. Novice writers, provincial artists and, of course, graduates of the Polivanovskaya gymnasium turned to him. When they met, they always remembered their Leo:

The ideal Russian man.

Amazing artistic flair.

He was friends with princes and with a timpani player Bolshoi Theater, and with the former father's batman.

Teacher, director of a private (Polivanovskaya) gymnasium in Moscow (founded it in 1868), since 1876 a full member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, in 1880 the chairman of the commission for the opening of the monument to A.S. Pushkin in Moscow. Under the editorship of Polivanov, the “Album of the Pushkin Exhibition” was published (M., 1882; 2nd ed. M., 1887). Polivanov's assistant for the opening of the monument to A.S. Pushkin A.M. Slivitsky recalls him: “He was such a beacon in my life - this man - the mind in the highest degree original, strong will, selfless honesty, deep observation, wide education, combined with an amazing artistic flair, and to all this with a tender, responsive and receptive heart, like a child’s<...>. With his purely Russian simplicity in all life relations, he made a charming impression on me ... ”.

Polivanov received his initial training in the village under the guidance of his mother. In 1844 the family moved to Moscow. Polivanov studied at the 1st and 4th Moscow gymnasiums, and from 1856 at Moscow University at the Faculty of History and Philology. Polivanov began his teaching career at the Women's Mariinsky-Yermolov School as a teacher of Russian literature. Polivanov is the author of a number of educational manuals and manuals on the Russian language and literature: “The Beginning Book for Teaching the Russian Language”; "First Bee"; "Second Paradise Bee"; "Russian Reader"; "A short textbook of Russian grammar"; "Russian and Church Slavonic etymology"; "Russian Syntax"; "Zhukovsky and his works"; “Collections of A.S. Pushkin" and others.

Pupil of the Polivanovskaya gymnasium Vl.S. Solovyov wrote about Polivanov: "Polivanov was the embodiment of spiritual movement, the non-stop vibration of the mind and heart."

Dostoevsky spoke about his meetings in Moscow with Polivanov during the Pushkin celebrations in letters to his wife A.G. Dostoevskaya: “There were 4 university professors, one director of the gymnasium Polivanov (a friend of the Pushkin family)<...>. Polivanov (a member of the commission for the opening of the monument), Yuryev and Aksakov announced aloud that all of Moscow takes tickets for meetings and all those who take tickets (for meetings of "Amateur<ителей>R<оссийской>Literature") take, asking (and sending several times to inquire): will Dostoevsky read!"; "Then I went to Polivanov (secretary of the Society, director of the gymnasium). Polivanov explained to me all the steps in the Duma and tickets and seconded young man help me. He introduced me to the family; “Then, straight from lunch, we went to general meeting commission of "Amateurs" to arrange the final program of the morning sessions and evening festivities. There were Turgenev, Kovalevsky, Chaev, Grot, Bartenev, Yuryev, Polivanov, Kalachev and others.

- (1838 99) Russian teacher, literary critic, public figure. Compiler of school anthologies and textbooks on the Russian language, publishing editor of classics of Russian literature. Works on literature, teaching methods ... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Polivanov (Lev Ivanovich, born in 1838), teacher, director of a private gymnasium in Moscow. He graduated from the course at Moscow University in the Faculty of History and Philology. Written by: Zhukovsky and his works (under the pseudonym Zagorina, 2nd ed., ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Would you like to improve this article?: Insert a card template that exists for the subject of the article. An example of using the template is in articles on similar topics. Add illustrations ... Wikipedia

- (1838 1899), teacher, literary critic, public figure. Compiler of school anthologies and textbooks on the Russian language., Publisher and editor of classics of Russian literature. Works on literature, methods of teaching the Russian language and ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (born in 1838) teacher, director of a private gymnasium in Moscow. He graduated from the course at Moscow University in the Faculty of History and Philology. Wrote: "Zhukovsky and his works" (under the pseudonym Zagorina, 2nd ed. 1883); published ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

We learn about the past mainly from books and archival documents. We judge people of past centuries by their letters, memoirs of contemporaries. And also on business. More than others, we understand the writers who displayed in prose and poetry the depths of their souls. We feel the inner world of representatives of other professions less, if at all. Alas, a dry list of their deeds, even if they are grandiose, such as the discovery of a new substance or the construction of a grandiose factory, is unable to recreate the image of a person. But you can't write about writers alone! (The flattering biographies of statesmen do not count here; as a rule, they are legendary and resemble each other like two drops of water.) Let's try to draw a portrait of a representative of a modest but extremely important profession - a teacher.

If you list the literary works of Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, you get a hefty, but quite common list for an intellectual of the second half of the 19th century. Readers for public schools, "The Beginning Book for Teaching the Russian Language", textbooks "Russian and Church Slavonic Etymology", "Russian Syntax", the works of A. S. Pushkin commented for schoolchildren in five volumes, also commented on editions of Derzhavin, Karamzin, Russians epics, a biography of V. A. Zhukovsky, a critical analysis of the poetic book of Ya. P. Polonsky, translations of Racine and Moliere, pedagogical articles in magazines and collections. Judging by these writings, we are presented with a type of outstanding worker in the field of public education. But Polivanov was not a type, but a peculiar, unique personality.

Throughout Moscow, almost half a century since the 1870s, when they talked about education, the words did not leave the lips: Polivanovskaya Gymnasium. Here, in Pegov's house on the corner of Prechistenka and Maly Levshinsky Lane, Metropolitan Trifon (Prince Boris Turkestanov) and poet Valery Bryusov, mathematician Count Mikhail Olsufiev and philosopher Lev Lopatin, world chess champion Alexander Alekhin and three sons of Leo Tolstoy studied...

“The Polivanov Gymnasium,” said its pupil, the writer Andrei Bely, “I consider, without any illusions, the best Moscow gymnasium of its time.”

Another Polivanovite, philosopher and poet Vladimir Solovyov, argued that the director of the gymnasium acquired the laurels of the gymnasium: “He put a living soul into his school, raised and kept this school above the usual bureaucracy, and knew how to ignite in his pupils the sparks of that fire that burned in himself ".

The life path of such an adored teacher does not shine with either eccentric acts or legendary incidents. He was born on February 27, 1838 in the family of artillery lieutenant Ivan Gavrilovich Polivanov in the village of Zagarin, Nizhny Novgorod province. In 1844, after the death of his mother, the family moved to Moscow. Here, the future teacher graduated from the Fourth Gymnasium and the Faculty of History and Philosophy of Moscow University. Since 1861 she has been teaching Russian literature at the women's Mariinsky-Yermolov School and in the 1st Cadet Corps, since 1864 - at the Third and Fourth Gymnasiums. In 1868, together with other employees, he opened a private gymnasium and managed it until his death, which came on February 11, 1899. He was a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, the Psychological Society, the Literacy Committee of the Moscow Society of Agriculture, the Moscow Circle of Teachers of Ancient Languages, the Orthodox Brotherhood in the Name of the Most Holy Theotokos.

In Russia, especially in St. Petersburg, there are several thousand officials with much brighter biographies and an impressive number of titles. But they are only talked about in the circle of colleagues. Polivanov was known and loved by all of Moscow. Parents, sending their children to his gymnasium, believed that education in it would go hand in hand with family education, that, subject to the general gymnasium program, all efforts would be used here in order to incline the pupil to meaningful work.

We studied the same things in Polivanovka as elsewhere: the Law of God, Russian literature, French, German, Latin and Greek (the latter is optional for those who did not prepare for the university), mathematics, physics, history, geography, natural history, drawing, calligraphy, drafting, choral singing, gymnastics. But…

Leo, Leo is coming! - warns his comrades an excited high school student, dressed, like everyone else, in a black blouse with a leather belt.

The lion does not enter - it flies into the classroom. With a gray mane of hair falling over his shoulders, tall and stooped, in a short jacket, with long, always in motion, if not clasped behind his back in a lock, hands. He sat down ... Or rather, he collapsed on a chair not at all like a teacher, his eyes flashed and - a lively fascinating speech poured out. His excitement, his excitement was transmitted to the students, they do not even notice that the bell rang at the end of the lesson.

Leo, Leo is coming! - distributed in another class.

The lion reads an excerpt from the book by S. T. Aksakov: “The swan, in its size, strength, beauty and majestic posture, has long and rightly been called the king of all water or waterfowl. White as snow, with shining transparent small eyes, with a black nose and black paws, with a long, flexible and beautiful neck, he is inexpressibly beautiful when he calmly swims between green reeds on a dark blue smooth surface of the water.

And now, strictly adhering to Aksakov's form, describe the horse. So you will be able to understand the style of the writer and you yourself will be in his place.

Ermolov, a third-grade student, diligently writes line after line: “The horse, for its beauty, strength, intelligence, endurance and services, has long and rightly become a favorite of man among all animals. Light as the wind, with intelligent expressive eyes, a long and flexible neck, with thin legs, a lush mane - she is inexpressibly beautiful when she rushes free.

Leo knew how to intuitively inspire the pupils with confidence that it was impossible not to fulfill his requirements. And if the teacher can do this, he is omnipotent in the classroom.

But he doesn’t have enough class lessons, he hardly sleeps, he takes on a lot and always brings the matter to the end.

For ten years, Polivanov led the Shakespeare Circle, the vast majority of whose members were his graduates. On the stage of the Nemchinov Theater they staged sixteen plays by the English genius and always performed in a crowded hall. The premiere of "Henry IV" was attended by two Ivans, Turgenev and Aksakov, who had seen many first-class artists in their lifetime, but even they, without prejudice, called the production first-class.

In 1880, Polivanov carried out a gigantic job of organizing festivities on the occasion of the opening of the monument to Pushkin on Tverskoy Boulevard and the creation of a unique Pushkin exhibition.

He always wanted to help someone. Novice writers, provincial artists and, of course, graduates of the Polivanovskaya gymnasium turned to him. When they met, they always remembered their Leo:

The ideal Russian man.

Amazing artistic flair.

He was friends with the princes, and with the timpani player of the Bolshoi Theater, and with the former father's batman.

He brutally attacked anyone for the slightest, most insignificant falsehood.

He knew how to make every person willing to work, to make at least a little do good for the common good.

When he got down to business, he gave his all.

In everything he was impeccably conscientious.

Spiritual aristocracy and wide enlightenment were surprisingly combined in one person.

Often hurt the pride of teenagers, but never offended their sense of dignity.

He should be called a romantic in the old and good value this word.

He was a teacher-artist and a teacher-thinker.

Orphaned Moscow, - they sighed, burying him at the Novodevichy cemetery.

But Polivanov continued to live in the affairs of his students, who proudly called themselves Polivanovites to the grave.

... In 1925, Andrei Bely met the artist Luzhsky on a visit to Boris Pilnyak.

Are you a polyvan? Luzhsky asked Andrei Bely.

Yes! he answered proudly.

I also studied with Leo for a while.

And the conversation turned to the beloved unforgettable teacher ...

(born in 1838) - teacher, director of a private gymnasium in Moscow. He graduated from the course at Moscow University in the Faculty of History and Philology. Wrote: "Zhukovsky and his works" (under the pseudonym Zagorina, 2nd ed. 1883); published the works of A. S. Pushkin with detailed comments and a number of textbooks and manuals on the Russian language and literature; placed in periodicals many articles on pedagogy and didactics; translated "Hofalia" by Racine and "The Misanthrope" by Moliere: wrote the preface and notes to the collection of articles by M. N. Katkov, published under the title "Our School Reform"
(addition to the article)
- teacher; died in 1899

Watch value Polivanov, Lev Ivanovich in other dictionaries

a lion- m. lioness f. a predatory beast of sultry Africa and Asia, a kind of cat, called the king of beasts, Felis leo. does not crush mice. sleeps, but with one eye he sees (looks), believe me. | , the fifth sign of the ecliptic ........
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

a lion- lev, m. (Bulgarian lev). The monetary unit in Bulgaria. They paid two leva.
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Abramovich Lev Khaimovich.- (? - ?). Social Democrat. In December 1922 he was in the Taganka prison in Moscow. Sentenced to 2 years of exile in Kyrgyzstan, where he arrived in January 1923. In January 1926 he was listed ........
Political vocabulary

Averin Alexander Ivanovich- (c. 1884 -?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1915. Law student of the 4th year. At the end of 1921 he lived in Biysk, Altai Province, worked as the head of the out-of-school department of the Biysk People's Education Department .........
Political vocabulary

Adov Sergey Ivanovich- (1901 - ?). Anarchist. Student. Arrested in Petrograd on April 10, 1924. In June 1924 he was sentenced to 3 years in camps, from the end of June 1924 he was kept in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. In 1927........
Political vocabulary

Adodin Averky Ivanovich- (1889 - ?). Socialist revolutionary maximalist. Member of the SSRM. since 1906. In the same year he was arrested. Arrested in Voronezh on 10/1/1921. From 10/17/1921 he was kept in the Butyrskaya prison (Moscow)..........
Political vocabulary

Akatiev Timofey Ivanovich- (? - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Worker. Member of the AKP since 1910. Lower education. At the end of 1921 he worked at the railway depot of the Ufa station. He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Alekhin Yakov Ivanovich- (c. 1888 -?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1912. Higher education. At the end of 1921 he lived in the Voronezh province, worked as an agronomist. He was characterized by local Chekists as "Chernovets", ........
Political vocabulary

Altman Lev- (? - ?). Member of the Khitahadut party. Arrested in Odessa on the night of September 2, 1924. Received a replacement link for expulsion to Palestine. In 1929 he lived in the USA. Further fate unknown.
S.Ch.
Political vocabulary

Amosov Nikolay Ivanovich- (1875, Vyatka -?). Member of the PLSR since 1917. At the end of 1921 he lived in the village of Bori, Vasilevsky volost, Nolinsky district Vyatka province. Managed the library. He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Andin Semyon Ivanovich- (? - ?). Anarchist. In 1919-22 in Moscow, he collaborated in the journal of the All-Russian Federation of Anarchist-Communists "Free Life". From 1921 he worked at the P. A. Kropotkin Museum. 24/4/1925 arrested........
Political vocabulary

Andreev Pavel Ivanovich- (1881 -?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1910. He had no property. Higher education. At the end of 1921 he lived in Biysk, Altai Province, worked as the head of the laboratory of the Biysk ........
Political vocabulary

Anisimov Viktor Ivanovich- (November 24, 1875, Kologriv, Kostroma province, according to other sources, November 3, 1875, St. Petersburg, - May 2, 1920, the village of Beloomut, Zaraisk district, Ryazan province). The son of a zemstvo statistician.........
Political vocabulary

Anokhin Vasily Ivanovich (party Nickname - Tungus)- (1879 - until 1937, Tula). Social Democrat. Member of the RSDLP since the 1900s. Worker (turner of the Tula Arms Plant). Arrested in August 1922 in Tula in the case of S.-D. 1.6.1923 received 3 years of exile, ........
Political vocabulary

Antipin Konstantin Ivanovich- (c. 1897 -?). Socialist revolutionary. Worker. Member of the AKP since 1914. Literate. At the end of 1921 he lived in the Voronezh province. (Voronezh?), worked as a turner at a factory. He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Arkhipov Nikolay Ivanovich- (1891, Vologda province. -?). Anarchist (former Bolshevik). From peasants. Lower education. Sailor of the Baltic Fleet, engine foreman of the battleship "Petropavlovsk". Deleted in 1920........
Political vocabulary

Astafiev Mikhail Ivanovich- (c. 1894 -?). Social Democrat. Worker. Lower education. Member of the RSDLP since 1908. At the end of 1921 he lived in the Ufa province, worked as an assistant driver. He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Astrov Nikolay Ivanovich- (1868, Moscow, - August 12, 1934, Prague). From a doctor's family. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (1892). Since the 1890s worked in the bodies of the Moscow city government, ........
Political vocabulary

Atamanovsky Vitold Ivanovich- (c. 1877 -?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1918. Did not own property. Secondary education. At the end of 1921 he lived in the Altai province, worked as an instructor in the People's Education Department. Local........
Political vocabulary

Afonin Nikita Ivanovich- (c. 1881 -?). Social Democrat. employee. Member of the RSDLP since 1905. At the end of 1921 he lived in Moscow, worked as head of a special department of the Glavproarm (?). He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Akhmatov Ivan Ivanovich- (19.12.1886, Tula - 8.5.1939). Member of the RSDLP since 1905, since 1927 - a communist. Higher education. Member of the Constituent Assembly of the FER. At the end of 1921 he lived in the Irkutsk province. Local Chekists characterized, ........
Political vocabulary

Akhtyrsky Konstantin Ivanovich- (? - ?). Anarchist. In 1923 he was kept in Butyrskaya and Taganskaya prisons (Moscow). Since June 1923 in the Arkhangelsk concentration camp. Further fate is unknown. NPC "Memorial".
Political vocabulary

Batura Alexander Ivanovich- (? - ?). Anarchist. He served his sentence in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp, then was exiled for 3 years to Siberia. By the end of 1930, he was released, received a "minus 6", settled in Dnepropetrovsk .........
Political vocabulary

Batkhan Lev Iosifovich- (1902, Mogilev province. -?). Social Democrat. Member of the Odessa Youth Organization of the RSDLP. Arrested in March 1924 by the Odessa Provincial Department of the GPU. Resolution of the Special Meeting ........
Political vocabulary

Beigman Lev Borisovich (labor Bentsianovich)- (? - ?). Member of the Zionist Socialist Party and the National Class (Left) He-Halutsa. Arrested in Odessa on September 2, 1924 and sentenced to exile. In November 1925 in exile in Turinsk.........
Political vocabulary

Belikov Alexander Ivanovich- (c. 1883 -?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1903. Agronomist. Secondary education. At the end of 1921 he lived in Vladimir, worked in Gubleskom. He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Belozersky Konstantin Ivanovich- (c. 1882 -?). Social Democrat. Higher education. Member of the RSDLP. He served in the army of Admiral A. V. Kolchak (he rose to the rank of lieutenant). At the end of 1921 he lived in the Irkutsk province., Worked ........
Political vocabulary

Belchenko Ivan Ivanovich- (c. 1885 -?). Social Democrat. Locksmith. Lower education. Member of the RSDLP since 1903. At the end of 1921 he lived in Kaluga, worked in the depot of the Kaluga station. He was characterized by local Chekists ........
Political vocabulary

Birman Lev Iosifovich- (? - ?). Member of the National-class (left) "Ha-Shomer Ha-Tsair". In 1927 he was kept in the Yekaterinoslav Dopre. He was sentenced to exile in Kazakhstan. Received permission to emigrate ..........
Political vocabulary

Blumin Lev Lazarevich- (? - ?). Anarchist. Arrested, served 3 years in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp, then sentenced to 3 years in exile. By the end of 1930, in exile in the Urals, he was seriously ill. Further........
Political vocabulary