When the ending ing is added to a verb in English. Ing form of the verb in English: rules, exceptions, examples

English grammar is fraught with many interesting surprises. Well, where else can a word be found that is able to fulfill several morphological roles, without even changing a single letter? But in English there is a whole group of such unique words that can be different parts of speech. And the reason for this is the Ing form of the verb in English language. Indeed, with the ending -ing, the verb can turn into, a noun and even an adjective. For us, such transformations are just a gift - you need to learn only one word, and several of its contexts will become clear at once. Let's just learn to distinguish between them.

Traditionally, verbs take the ending -ing in the Continuous tenses, Perfect Continuous. Actually, it is in this part of the word that the main meaning of these groups is hidden: to show the process of action, its duration, and not the fact of commission. Therefore, when translating such words into Russian, imperfective verbs are used. Such predicates are used in sentences of all times and are adjacent to constructions tobe, havebeen.

Group	The present	Past	Future
Continuous	We are playing chess now. We play now in chess.	We were playing chess in that moment. We were playing at that moment in chess.	We will be playing chess this time tomorrow. We are tomorrow at this time let's play play chess.
Perfect Continuous	It has been raining for a week already. Rain goes already a week.	It had been raining for a week already. Rainwalked alreadyweek.	Tomorrow it will have been raining for a week. Tomorrow will be a week goes rain.

Also, the ing form of the verb is found in English in sentences using the combination Future in Past, if the phrase has a continued form.

And the last case of using such an ending for a verb is found in a stable turnover to be going to (to plan, intend to do something). By the way, the first part of such a combination ( tobegoing) is translated by imperfective verbs, and the second is already perfect:

• I am going to read this book – I going to read this book.
• Are you going to tell him the truth? -You gonna tell him the truth?

Before forming a continuous tense, it is necessary to memorize several simple rules composing such verbs. Their spelling contains the following grammatical features:

• Verbs with unreadable endings e they lose this letter, but leave it with the readable: Choos e – choosing, s ee – seeing.
• In words ending in ie, this ending changes to y:l ie– l y ing. If the end of the verb y, then it remains: fl y– fl y
• After stressed endings, consonants are doubled, and unstressed endings do not double: bese t – bese tt ing, drin k - drin k ing. If the word originally had two consonants, then they are preserved: befa ll – befa ll ing.

It remains to be added that when reading and pronouncing this ending, we pronounce the nasal, i.e. turns out that the sound g actually not heard.

Other parts of speech with ing ending

The ending ing in English can also refer to a noun, adjective, participle, and participle.

Noun

The verbal noun is closely related to continuous tense, since it expresses the result of an action that has taken place, for example: tobecooking- prepare, cooking- cooking. Often a noun is confused with a special grammatical category - a gerund, which has exactly the same ending. To distinguish between these parts of speech, you need to remember that:

• The gerund is used with the possessive case, but cannot have an article, definition, plural and any numbers.
• The noun has the clauses listed above, but cannot govern the direct object, so the preposition of is used.

Excellent and semantic meaning of these designs. The gerund expresses processes, while the noun expresses the subject of studies.

Adjective

Adjectives with ing are also formed from the verb and mean signs / qualities of people or objects that can impress: to amaze, surprise, interest, i.e. evoke a certain response.

• It is amazing film!- This amazing movie!
• Your matter is very interesting. – YourcaseVeryinteresting .

Do not confuse them with the adjectives –ed, as they describe the opposite case, i.e. reaction of perception, and do not refer to the object, but to the person on whom a certain action is rendered.

It is an interesting book. It's an interesting book.

I am interested in this book. I am interested in this book.

Communion and participle

Often such words are used in the participle form, and even the official name of ing-verbs: participleI or present participle, which is the third form of the verb. The participle can refer to the predicate, which we studied in the first section, and also act as a definition of a noun or create participial / adverbial phrases.

In addition, the English vocabulary has words that themselves contain an ending - ing: during, doping, casting, etc. Actually, all of them save the value of the duration of the action, the performance of the process.

This concludes the study of one of the most common endings. You will have to meet with him quite often, therefore, if you have not mastered the material well enough, then it is better to work it out again. Good luck in English!

Ing ending in English is a sign of several grammatical forms. The ending ing is usually added to verbs, while the action takes on the meaning of a process, duration.

Ending ING in grammar

The ending -ing in English is used in the following cases:

In the times of the group Continuous.

The times of this group have two common features: firstly, the verb to be in the right tense, secondly, the semantic verb with - ing.

For example:

Lima is constantly chatting with her friends on the Internet. ( Present Continuous) - Lima is constantly chatting with her girlfriends on the Internet.

Rebecca was driving home at that time yesterday. (Past Continuous) - Rebecca was driving home at this time yesterday.

I will be having dinner at eight p.m. tomorrow. (Future Continuous) - I will have dinner at eight o'clock tomorrow.

The meaning of the process, the duration of the action is common to all the above situations, regardless of the duration of the action. The ending - ing is a sign of the continuation of the action and a common element in all Continuous tenses.

When forming the form Participle 1 - Present participles.

The ending -ing to form participles is also added to the verb. The participle can be in a sentence:

1) Before a noun, characterizing it

Those laughing girls are well-known models. - Those laughing girls are famous models.

2) After a noun, in participial phrases.

The swans flying in the rays of the sun were amazing. - The swans flying in the sun were amazing.

3) At the beginning of a sentence, in adverbial phrases.

Having no sense of humour he couldn't understand his friends" jokes. - Having no sense of humor, he did not understand the jokes of his friends.

When forming a verbal noun.

A verbal noun is formed by adding -ing to the verb. You can distinguish it from other "ing" forms by placing in front of it possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case.

Debora's singing is always magnificent. - Deborah's singing is always magical.

When forming a gerund.

Gerund in English is a special verb form (also with the ending -ing), which combines the features of a noun and a verb.

The gerund can be:

1) Subject

Swimming is useful for health. - Swimming is good for health.

2) Part of the predicate

Lima's favorite leisure activity is dancing. - Lima's favorite form of recreation is dancing.

3)Supplement

Usually this member of the sentence is a gerund paired with a predicate with a preposition. This is the case when the combination "verb + preposition + gerund" is recommended for memorization in a complex.

Here are some options for such "links":

insist - insist on

Her parents insisted on moving to another city. Her parents insisted on moving to another city.

be afraid of

Vera was always afraid of leaving home. Vera was always afraid to leave the house.

accuse - accuse of

His granny accuses him of being rude. - His grandmother accuses him of being rude.

get tired - be tired of

I'm awfully tired of working round the clock. I'm terribly tired of working around the clock.

object to

They strongly object to cutting down the trees around their house. - They strongly object to cutting down the trees around the house.

We have considered the main cases of using the ing ending in English. From the examples given, it can be seen that the ing form of the verb is widespread in English. Its use cases cover several grammatical rules. Despite the identity of education, this form can be different parts of speech with different features correct use.

Ending ING in orthography

There is one more thing to consider when considering the ending ing in English - the rules for writing it with a verb.

Any verb ending in English, be it -ed, -ing or -es, can change the original verb. Usually we are talking about substitution or omission of letters. These rules are the same for many endings. These rules also apply when adding the ending -ing to the word.

• if the original word consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, this consonant is doubled: drop - dropping;
• if the original word ends in a consonant plus "e", "e" is omitted: hate - hating;
• if the original word ends with -ie, then the last two letters are changed to "y": tie - tying.

Ending ING in phonetics

Nothing gives out “Russian English” like a distinctly pronounced sound “g” in the ending -ing. As soon as the first words with this ending appeared in your English lessons, carefully monitor their pronunciation - there should not be a “g” sound in it. Practice pronouncing the nasal sound correctly. Given the prevalence of this form, the ability to pronounce it correctly is important. In addition, when listening, it is important to distinguish the verb with the ending -ing from the verb with the preposition in by sound in speech - the meaning of the statement depends on this.

All in all, simple in essence. But there is one catch - there are also peculiar exceptions here, from the series. But these are the most normal verbs, we just cannot use them when denoting an extended, lasting event. In other words, even in Russian, these verbs are not used for continuous actions. As a rule, these are static verbs and verbs of emotions and feelings: know, love, own, hate, prefer, realize, have, etc. After all, we don’t even say in Russian: “I love fried potatoes now” or “Last night I hated this boring movie.” So for once we are dealing with a similar situation in Russian and English!
So, verbs not used with -ing ending (that is, always used only in present or in Perfect):

• Believe- believe
• Depend- depend
• belong- belong
• contain- contain
• Forget- forget
• Hate- to hate
• Like- like
• Love- be in love
• Matter- matter
• need- need
• own- own
• Preferred- prefer
• Realize- be aware
• Remember- remember
• Suppose- assume
• want- want
• know- know
• mean- matter
• seem- seem
• understand- understand

For example:

Now I don't remember his name.
I am not remembering his name now.
I don't remember his name now.

IN this moment there is no salt in this solution.
At the moment this solution is not containing salt.
At the moment this solution doesn't contain salt.

Unfortunately, this is where the similarities end. And the usual course of things in the English language begins, when in some cases we can put the verb in continuous tense, and in others we can put the same verb only in simple tenses. It’s good at least that there are only a couple of such verbs.

Table. non-progressive verbs

For example:

I am thinking of moving to Australia.
I'm thinking of moving to Australia.

I think you should move to Australia.
I think you should move to Australia.

Anna is still seeing that John from the Supplies Department.
Anna is still dating this John from Supply.

Now I see who is knocking at my door.
Now I see who is knocking at my door.

In this article, we will analyze one of the aspects of word formation in English, namely, words with the ending ing. Ing ending in English plays an important role in grammar. We will tell you when the ending ing is added, what it means, and also give specific examples.

The ending ing in English can have four parts of speech:

Verbal nouns
- tense verbs Continuous groups
- participles of the first type
-gerund

Let's examine each case in turn.

Ending ing verbal nouns

As the name implies, we will talk about nouns formed from verbs. The Russian language also has such examples. Running (from the verb to run), reading (from the verb to read), singing (from the verb to sing).

Examples of verbal nouns ending in ing:

In a sentence, nouns formed from verbs act as subjects or objects.

Example sentences with verbal nouns:

My hobby is reading. Reading is my hobby.

Smoking is prohibited in our office. Our office is non-smoking.

Singing is interesting but difficult for me. Singing is interesting to me, but difficult.

She will never forget their first meeting. She will never forget their first meeting.

How is the ending ing attached?

Before moving on to the second use of ing in English, let's dwell on the rules for adding the ending ing to words.

The ending ing is added to both regular and irregular verbs, and is pronounced as a syllable in all cases.

1. If the verb ends in a silent vowel e, then this letter is removed.

For example:

write - writing (write - letter (writing process)

close - closing (close - closing)

smoke - smoking (smoking - smoking)

1. If the verb ends in a vowel y, then the ending ing is added after the y.

copy - copying (copy - copy)

study - studying (study - study)

buy - buying (buy - buying)

1. In cases where the verb ends in a closed syllable under stress, the final consonant is doubled.

spin - spinning (rotate - rotation)

plan - planning (plan - planning)

get - getting (get - getting)

If the stress is not on the preceding vowel, or if the vowel is long, then adding the ending ing does not double the consonants. For example: work - working (work - work), count - counting (count - account).

1. In British English, words ending in an l preceded by a short vowel double the l when the ending ing is added.

travel - travelling (travel - travel)

1. If the verb ends with the letter r in the stressed syllable, then the r is also doubled.

1. Words to be memorized:

lie - lying (lie - lie)
die - dying (dying - dying)
tie - tying (tying - tying)
age - aging (get old - aging)
ski - skiing (skiing - skiing)
see - seeing (see - seeing)
agree - agreeing (agree - agreeing)

In all other cases, the ending ing is added without changing the original word.

Verbs with an ending in the Continuous tenses

The Continuous tenses express the fact of some action, emphasizing the duration of the process, and not its result.

Proposals in a long time are formed according to the following scheme:

Subject + to be in the appropriate form and tense + predicate ending in ing + additions.

Present Continuous denotes an action that is happening in the present tense, at the moment of speech or at a specific time, and is formed as follows: subject + am, is, are + verb with ing + objects.

I am reading a book now. I'm reading a book now.

Children are playing piano every day from 2 till 3 o'clock. The children play the piano every day from 2 to 3 o'clock.

Past Continuous denotes an action that lasted for some time earlier and is completed by the time of speech. Scheme Education Past Continuous: subject + was, were + verb with ing + objects.

I was sleeping when you called me. I was sleeping when you called me.

They were playing tennis at this time yesterday. They were playing tennis at this time yesterday.

The Future Continuous is used when we talk about an action in the future tense that will take place at a certain time. Future Continuous education scheme: subject + will be + verb with ing + additions.

Next Saturday at this time I will be swimming in the ocean. At this time next Saturday I will be swimming in the ocean.

My mother will be cooking when I come home. My mom will be cooking when I get home.

Also, verbs with an ing ending are used in the tenses of the Perfect Continuous group. Consider the present, past and future tenses in Perfect Continuous.

The Present Perfect Continuous is used when the action started in the past but is still going on. The present perfect continuous tense is formed: subject + have/has + been + verb with ing + additions.

I have been doing this for three days. I've been doing this for 3 days now.

It has been snowing for a week. It's been snowing for a week now.

The Past Perfect Continuous is used to denote an action that has been going on and completed up to a certain point in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is formed: subject + had + been + verb with ing + additions.

Marry had been talking on the phone for an hour when her husband entered the room. Mary had been talking on the phone for an hour when her husband entered the room.

When I woke up my mother had been cooking breakfast for half an hour. When I woke up, my mother had already been preparing breakfast for half an hour.

Future Perfect Continuous is used to denote an action that will take place and have some result at a certain point in the future.

The future perfect continuous tense is formed as follows:

subject + will + have been + verb with ing + additions.

My grandparents will have been living together for 60 years next year. IN next year It will be 60 years since my grandparents live together.

When you visit us in January, I and my brother will have been studying English for seven months. When you visit us in January, my brother and I will have been studying English for 7 months.

Ending ing for participles of the first type

The participle in English is the non-personal form of the verb. Participle I or participle of the first type is formed by adding the ending ing to the verb. In Russian, Participle I corresponds to participle or participle. In English, there are no gerunds as a separate part of a part of speech.

Participle I is used in the following cases:

1. To determine the action that occurs in parallel and simultaneously with the verb-predicate. IN this case a verb with an ing ending is translated as a gerund and answers the question "What are you doing?".

I often call my friends while walking in the park. Walking in the park, I often call my friends.

When reading a book he usually writes down interesting thoughts. When reading a book, he usually writes out interesting thoughts.

1. To describe a noun. In this case, Participle I is translated into Russian as a participle and answers the questions “what?”, “what?”, “what?”.

The boy standing in the gate is my brother. The boy standing at the gate is my brother.

I can't forget the girl sitting by the window during the concert. I can't forget the girl who was sitting by the window during the concert.

Gerund with the ending ing in English

Gerund is an impersonal form of the verb, which is formed by adding the ending ing to the verb, and combines the features of a verb and a noun. The gerund can be translated into Russian various parts speech. Accordingly, he can act as different members of the proposal.

I enjoy spending time with my family. I like spending time with my family.

She likes painting. She likes to draw.

Thank you for helping. Thanks for helping.

He left the room without shaking our hands. He left without shaking hands with us.

In English, a number of verbs require the use of a gerund after themselves. Here are the main ones:

Admit - to recognize
Avoid - avoid
Carry on - continue
Consider - consider, consider
Delay - postpone
Deny - to deny
Discuss - discuss
Enjoy - enjoy
escape
Finish - finish
Imagine - represent
Involve - involve
Look forward to - look forward to (something)
Postpone - Postpone
Resist - resist, resist
Suggest - suggest
understand - understand

Let's look at specific examples:

I avoid answering embarrassing questions. I avoid answering awkward questions.

He often delays doing homework. He often puts off doing his homework.

We enjoy playing basketball. We like to play basketball.

She postponed returning to Moscow. She postponed her return to Moscow.

He suggests writing them. He offers to write to them.

So, we have analyzed the rules for using the ending ing in English. Now you know in what cases it is used and how it is translated into Russian. In the following articles, we will take a closer look at each case separately. Good luck learning English!

Words ending in -ing are constantly found not only in English, but also in Russian: diving, training, marketing and dozens of other borrowings, which are increasing every year. What is it? What words are attached to? In what cases is it used?

In this article I will talk about the use of this ending and the diverse life of -ing words in English.

Rules for adding the ending -ing in English

In English, you can often notice that a mysterious -ing appears at the end of a word. It can be part of various constructions, but they all have one thing in common: the ending -ing is attached only to words denoting action (run, jump, go, etc.).

In most cases, we just add -ing to the end of the word.

Play (play) + ing = playing.
Talk (talk) + ing = talking.

But there are a couple of exceptions to the rule.

1. If suddenly our action ends with -e, then -ing "eats" this -e.

Bite (bite) + ing = biting.

Hide (hide) + ing = hiding.

2. There are two -ie words where the next change occurs.

Lie (lie or lie) + ing = lying.

Die (to die) + ing = dying.

When does this happen, and most importantly, why? There are three main cases when we need -ing. Let's consider them in order.

3 uses of the -ing ending in English

So, we use this ending in the following cases:

1) -ing as part of continuous tenses

Among the English tenses there is a whole group of those that have the word Continuous (continued) in their name. They are called "continued" because they deal with a process, that is, long enough actions.

These are just the times that are formed with the help of be (to be) in different forms and actions on -ing.

Let's look at the most commonly used ones.

• Present Continuous(present continious).

Means an action that is happening right now, at the moment of speaking. To form it, use am/is/are + ___ing.

I am watching TV.
I I'm watching TV.

Are you listening to me?
You me listening?

I told you in detail about Present Continuous.

• Past continuous(past continuous).

It means a long action that happened at a certain moment in the past. That is, we always specify when exactly: last night, at 10 am on Saturday, and so on. For this time, we need was/were + ___ing.

I was sleeping yesterday at 10 p.m.
I slept yesterday at 10 pm.

Today at breakfast we were talking about our upcoming trip.
Today at breakfast We spoke about our upcoming trip.

It is also used when we want to show that two actions in the past happened at the same time.

We were discussing John when he suddenly entered the room.
We discussed John when he suddenly entered the room.

I found this photo when I was sorting out my grandfather's papers.
I found this photo when took apart grandfather's papers.

While Tom was trying to sleep, his neighbors were listening to dance music.
Bye Tom had tried sleep, his neighbors listened to dance music.

I was having a shower when you were calling me. (That's why I didn't hear the call.)
I accepted shower, when you called to me. (That's why I didn't hear the call.)

• Future Continuous(future continued).

Denotes a long action that will take place at a certain point in the future. Just like with the past continuous, here you definitely need to specify the time: on Friday at 8, tomorrow at the same time, etc. We build it with will be + ___ing.

Tomorrow at 9 we'll be dancing in a club!
Tomorrow at 9 we will be dancing in the club!

I will be having lunch with Prime Minister at this time on Friday.
I will be having lunch with the Prime Minister at this time on Friday.

These are not all times of the Continuous group, but only the most common ones. They should be enough to give you an idea of ​​how -ing works in their composition.

2) -ing to form participles

What is a sacrament? Take, for example, the action "sleep". It can be changed in such a way that a practically sign will turn out: what? - sleeping. These are the words formed from actions, but answering the questions “What? Which? Which? Which?" and there are sacraments.

In English, such things are formed with -ing. Please note that in Russian you can say “reading” (at the moment), or you can say “reading” (in the past). In English there is no such difference, you will understand the time from the whole sentence.

Also, the -ing "form is used after actions that denote perception with the help of the senses: see (see), hear (hear), feel (feel), smell (smell).

In English, shortened constructions can be made with these verbs, allowing you to shorten the sentence. Compare:

A) Fullphrase

She saw that a strange man was climbing into neighbors' window.
She saw that an unfamiliar man was climbing into the window of the neighbors.

B) Abbreviateddesign

She saw a strange man climbing into neighbors' window.
Literally: she saw unknown man, climbing to the neighbors through the window.

I saw him entering the building.
I saw, How is he comes in into the building. (literally: I saw his coming into the building.)

I heard my neighbor singing.
I heard like my neighbor sang. (literally: I heard your neighbor singing.)

In Russian there are words like “reading, knowing, reasoning” - that is, an action that takes place against the background of some other action: while reading a book, he marked important places with a pencil; aware of the situation on the roads, she drove carefully.

In English, such actions, again, are transmitted using -ing.

Three young people walking by laughing and shouting.
Three young people passed by laughing And screaming.

Reading my grandfather's diary I wondered what kind of man he was.
Reading grandfather's diary I wondered what kind of person he was.

3) -ing when forming a gerund

We come to the worst - gerund. What is it? Essentially, this is when we use -ing to turn an action into an item: sing+ing = singing, watch+ing = (watching), etc.

Fashionable foreign words that came into the Russian language like diving (dive (dive) + ing) and coaching (coach (train) + ing) are formed just like that.

So, when is this gerund used?

• Main actor in a sentence

The gerund can be the protagonist of a sentence! Sometimes in Russian we want to speak about some action. For example: smoking is harmful, eating vegetables is healthy, it was difficult to start a car in such a frost.

In English, all this can be said with the help of -ing "s.

Calling people in the middle of the night is impolite.
call people in the middle of the night are impolite. (Literally: " naming to people in the middle of the night is impolite.)

Convincing him to believe us was hard.
Convince It was hard for us to believe him. (Literally: " belief It was difficult for us to believe him.)

• Use after prepositions

The ing form is also required after small words like about, without, for, at, with, and so on.

What about going to the cinema together?
What about go to the movies together? (literally: what about « walking to the cinema together?)

He said this without thinking.
He said it Not thinking. (literally: he said it without « thinking»)

Some words have their own little word that you just need to remember: good at (good at some activity), forgive for (forgive for something), etc.

He is very good at running.
He is very Fine succeed run. (Literally: he is very good V « running around»)

She forgave him for coming late.
She forgave him for being late. (literally: she forgave his behind « arrival late")

• Used after specific words

Finally, there are certain words (usually denoting action) that simply require -ing after them. There is no logic here, they need to be memorized when you learn the word itself. The list of such words, by the way, includes fairly common actions: enjoy ([ɪn "dʒɔɪ] / [inzh`oy] - enjoy) and suggest (/ [saj`est] - offer someone an idea to do something).

Sarah enjoys meeting new people.
Sarah enjoys meeting new people. (Literally: enjoys « meeting»)

Frank suggested having a break.
Frank offered arrange break. (Literally: offered « arrangement» break)

That's all. We've reviewed all use cases -ing forms in English. Now let's put what we've learned into practice.

Reinforcement task

Put the verbs in brackets into desired form. Leave your answers in the comments.

1. He (ask) for (take) my pen.
2. (Smoke) is bad for your health.
3. I was (work) when you were (have) a rest.
4. We (sit) in the kitchen (discuss) the news.
5. I have been (study) English for many years.
6. He (suggest) (discuss) the problem together.
7. I (hear) John (talk) to our boss.
8. This (smile) girl on the photo is my sister.