Spelling of the ending ing in English. Ing form of the verb in English: rules, exceptions, examples

Ing ending in English language- a sign of several grammatical forms. The ending ing is usually added to verbs, while the action takes on the meaning of a process, duration.

Ending ING in grammar

The ending -ing in English is used in the following cases:

In the times of the group Continuous.

The tenses of this group have two common features: firstly, the verb to be in the right time, secondly, the semantic verb with - ing.

For example:

Lima is constantly chatting with her friends on the Internet. ( Present Continuous) - Lima is constantly chatting with her girlfriends on the Internet.

Rebecca was driving home at that time yesterday. ( Past Continuous) - Rebecca was driving home at this time yesterday.

I will be having dinner at eight p.m. tomorrow. (Future Continuous) - I will have dinner at eight o'clock tomorrow.

The meaning of the process, the duration of the action is common to all the above situations, regardless of the duration of the action. The ending - ing is a sign of the continuation of the action and a common element in all Continuous tenses.

When forming the form Participle 1 - Present participles.

The ending -ing to form participles is also added to the verb. The participle can be in a sentence:

1) Before a noun, characterizing it

Those laughing girls are well-known models. - Those laughing girls are famous models.

2) After a noun, in participial phrases.

The swans flying in the rays of the sun were amazing. - The swans flying in the sun were amazing.

3) At the beginning of a sentence, in adverbial phrases.

Having no sense of humour he couldn't understand his friends" jokes. - Having no sense of humor, he did not understand the jokes of his friends.

When forming a verbal noun.

A verbal noun is formed by adding -ing to the verb. You can distinguish it from other "ing" forms by placing in front of it possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case.

Debora's singing is always magnificent. - Deborah's singing is always magical.

When forming a gerund.

Gerund in English is a special verb form (also with the ending -ing), which combines the features of a noun and a verb.

The gerund can be:

1) Subject

Swimming is useful for health. - Swimming is good for health.

2) Part of the predicate

Lima's favorite leisure activity is dancing. - Lima's favorite form of recreation is dancing.

3)Supplement

Usually this member of the sentence is a gerund paired with a predicate with a preposition. This is the case when the combination "verb + preposition + gerund" is recommended for memorization in a complex.

Here are some options for such "links":

insist - insist on

Her parents insisted on moving to another city. Her parents insisted on moving to another city.

be afraid of

Vera was always afraid of leaving home. Vera was always afraid to leave the house.

accuse - accuse of

His granny accuses him of being rude. - His grandmother accuses him of being rude.

get tired - be tired of

I'm awfully tired of working round the clock. I'm terribly tired of working around the clock.

object to

They strongly object to cutting down the trees around their house. - They strongly object to cutting down the trees around the house.

We have considered the main cases of using the ing ending in English. From the examples given, it can be seen that the ing form of the verb is widespread in English. Its use cases cover several grammatical rules. Despite the identity of education, this form can be different parts of speech with different features correct use.

Ending ING in orthography

There is one more thing to consider when considering the ending ing in English - the rules for writing it with a verb.

Any verb ending in English, be it -ed, -ing or -es, can change the original verb. Usually we are talking about substitution or omission of letters. These rules are the same for many endings. These rules also apply when adding the ending -ing to the word.

• if the original word consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, this consonant is doubled: drop - dropping;
• if the original word ends in a consonant plus "e", "e" is omitted: hate - hating;
• if the original word ends with -ie, then the last two letters are changed to "y": tie - tying.

Ending ING in phonetics

Nothing gives out “Russian English” like a distinctly pronounced sound “g” in the ending -ing. As soon as the first words with this ending appeared in your English lessons, carefully monitor their pronunciation - there should not be a “g” sound in it. Practice pronouncing the nasal sound correctly. Given the prevalence of this form, the ability to pronounce it correctly is important. In addition, when listening, it is important to distinguish the verb with the ending -ing from the verb with the preposition in by sound in speech - the meaning of the statement depends on this.

In this article, we will analyze one of the aspects of word formation in English, namely, words with the ending ing. Ing ending in English plays an important role in grammar. We will tell you when the ending ing is added, what it means, and also give specific examples.

The ending ing in English can have four parts of speech:

Verbal nouns
- Continuous tense verbs
- participles of the first type
-gerund

Let's examine each case in turn.

Ending ing verbal nouns

As the name implies, we will talk about nouns formed from verbs. The Russian language also has such examples. Running (from the verb to run), reading (from the verb to read), singing (from the verb to sing).

Examples of verbal nouns ending in ing:

In a sentence, nouns formed from verbs act as subjects or objects.

Example sentences with verbal nouns:

My hobby is reading. Reading is my hobby.

Smoking is prohibited in our office. Our office is non-smoking.

Singing is interesting but difficult for me. Singing is interesting to me, but difficult.

She will never forget their first meeting. She will never forget their first meeting.

How is the ending ing attached?

Before moving on to the second use of ing in English, let's dwell on the rules for adding the ending ing to words.

The ending ing is added to both regular and irregular verbs, and is pronounced as a syllable in all cases.

1. If the verb ends in a silent vowel e, then this letter is removed.

For example:

write - writing (write - letter (writing process)

close - closing (close - closing)

smoke - smoking (smoking - smoking)

1. If the verb ends in a vowel y, then the ending ing is added after the y.

copy - copying (copy - copy)

study - studying (study - study)

buy - buying (buy - buying)

1. In cases where the verb ends in a closed syllable under stress, the final consonant is doubled.

spin - spinning (rotate - rotation)

plan - planning (plan - planning)

get - getting (get - getting)

If the stress is not on the preceding vowel, or if the vowel is long, then adding the ending ing does not double the consonants. For example: work - working (work - work), count - counting (count - account).

1. In British English, words ending in an l preceded by a short vowel double the l when the ending ing is added.

travel - travelling (travel - travel)

1. If the verb ends with the letter r in the stressed syllable, then the r is also doubled.

1. Words to be memorized:

lie - lying (lie - lie)
die - dying (dying - dying)
tie - tying (tying - tying)
age - aging (get old - aging)
ski - skiing (skiing - skiing)
see - seeing (see - seeing)
agree - agreeing (agree - agreeing)

In all other cases, the ending ing is added without changing the original word.

Verbs with an ending in the Continuous tenses

The Continuous tenses express the fact of some action, emphasizing the duration of the process, and not its result.

Proposals in a long time are formed according to the following scheme:

Subject + to be in the appropriate form and tense + predicate ending in ing + additions.

Present Continuous denotes an action that is happening in the present tense, at the moment of speech or at a specific time, and is formed as follows: subject + am, is, are + verb with ing + objects.

I am reading a book now. I'm reading a book now.

Children are playing piano every day from 2 till 3 o'clock. The children play the piano every day from 2 to 3 o'clock.

Past Continuous denotes an action that lasted for some time earlier and is completed by the time of speech. Scheme Education Past Continuous: subject + was, were + verb with ing + objects.

I was sleeping when you called me. I was sleeping when you called me.

They were playing tennis at this time yesterday. They were playing tennis at this time yesterday.

The Future Continuous is used when we talk about an action in the future tense that will take place at a certain time. Future Continuous education scheme: subject + will be + verb with ing + additions.

Next Saturday at this time I will be swimming in the ocean. At this time next Saturday I will be swimming in the ocean.

My mother will be cooking when I come home. My mom will be cooking when I get home.

Also, verbs with an ending ending are used in group tenses Perfect Continuous. Consider the present, past and future tenses in Perfect Continuous.

The Present Perfect Continuous is used when the action started in the past but is still going on. present perfect long time formed: subject + have/has + been + verb with ing + additions.

I have been doing this for three days. I've been doing this for 3 days now.

It has been snowing for a week. It's been snowing for a week now.

The Past Perfect Continuous is used to denote an action that has been going on and completed up to a certain point in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is formed: subject + had + been + verb with ing + additions.

Marry had been talking on the phone for an hour when her husband entered the room. Mary had been talking on the phone for an hour when her husband entered the room.

When I woke up my mother had been cooking breakfast for half an hour. When I woke up, my mother had already been preparing breakfast for half an hour.

Future Perfect Continuous is used to denote an action that will take place and have some result at a certain point in the future.

The future perfect continuous tense is formed as follows:

subject + will + have been + verb with ing + additions.

My grandparents will have been living together for 60 years next year. IN next year It will be 60 years since my grandparents live together.

When you visit us in January, I and my brother will have been studying English for seven months. When you visit us in January, my brother and I will have been studying English for 7 months.

Ending ing for participles of the first type

The participle in English is the non-personal form of the verb. Participle I or participle of the first type is formed by adding the ending ing to the verb. In Russian, Participle I corresponds to participle or participle. In English, there are no gerunds as a separate part of a part of speech.

Participle I is used in the following cases:

1. To determine the action that occurs in parallel and simultaneously with the verb-predicate. In this case, the verb with the ing ending is translated as a gerund and answers the question "What are you doing?".

I often call my friends while walking in the park. Walking in the park, I often call my friends.

When reading a book he usually writes down interesting thoughts. When reading a book, he usually writes out interesting thoughts.

1. To describe a noun. In this case, Participle I is translated into Russian as a participle and answers the questions “what?”, “what?”, “what?”.

The boy standing in the gate is my brother. The boy standing at the gate is my brother.

I can't forget the girl sitting by the window during the concert. I can't forget the girl who was sitting by the window during the concert.

Gerund with the ending ing in English

Gerund is an impersonal form of the verb, which is formed by adding the ending ing to the verb, and combines the features of a verb and a noun. The gerund can be translated into Russian various parts speech. Accordingly, he can act as different members of the proposal.

I enjoy spending time with my family. I like spending time with my family.

She likes painting. She likes to draw.

Thank you for helping. Thanks for helping.

He left the room without shaking our hands. He left without shaking hands with us.

In English, a number of verbs require the use of a gerund after themselves. Here are the main ones:

Admit - to recognize
Avoid - avoid
Carry on - continue
Consider - consider, consider
Delay - postpone
Deny - to deny
Discuss - discuss
Enjoy - enjoy
escape
Finish - finish
Imagine - represent
Involve - involve
Look forward to - look forward to (something)
Postpone - Postpone
Resist - resist, resist
Suggest - suggest
understand - understand

Let's look at specific examples:

I avoid answering embarrassing questions. I avoid answering awkward questions.

He often delays doing homework. He often puts off doing his homework.

We enjoy playing basketball. We like to play basketball.

She postponed returning to Moscow. She postponed her return to Moscow.

He suggests writing them. He offers to write to them.

So, we have analyzed the rules for using the ending ing in English. Now you know in what cases it is used and how it is translated into Russian. In the following articles, we will take a closer look at each case separately. Good luck learning English!

English grammar is fraught with many interesting surprises. Well, where else can a word be found that is able to fulfill several morphological roles, without even changing a single letter? But in English there is a whole group of such unique words that can be different parts of speech. And the reason for this is the Ing form of the verb in English. Indeed, with the ending -ing, the verb can turn into, a noun and even an adjective. For us, such transformations are just a gift - you need to learn only one word, and several of its contexts will become clear at once. Let's just learn to distinguish between them.

Traditionally, verbs take the ending -ing in tenses Continuous groups, Perfect Continuous. Actually, it is in this part of the word that the main meaning of these groups is hidden: to show the process of action, its duration, and not the fact of commission. Therefore, when translating such words into Russian, imperfective verbs are used. Such predicates are used in sentences of all times and are adjacent to constructions tobe, havebeen.

Also, the ing form of the verb is found in English in sentences using the combination Future in Past, if the phrase has a continued form.

And the last case of using such an ending for a verb is found in a stable turnover to be going to (to plan, intend to do something). By the way, the first part of such a combination ( tobegoing) is translated by imperfective verbs, and the second is already perfect:

• I am going to read this book – I going to read this book.
• Are you going to tell him the truth? -You gonna tell him the truth?

Before forming a continuous tense, it is necessary to memorize several simple rules composing such verbs. Their spelling contains the following grammatical features:

• Verbs with unreadable endings e they lose this letter, but leave it with the readable: Choos e – choosing, s ee – seeing.
• In words ending in ie, this ending changes to y:l ie– l y ing. If the end of the verb y, then it remains: fl y– fl y
• After stressed endings, consonants are doubled, and unstressed endings do not double: bese t – bese tt ing, drin k - drin k ing. If the word originally had two consonants, then they are preserved: befa ll – befa ll ing.

It remains to be added that when reading and pronouncing this ending, we pronounce the nasal, i.e. turns out that the sound g actually not heard.

Other parts of speech with ing ending

The ending ing in English can also refer to a noun, adjective, participle, and participle.

Noun

The verbal noun is closely related to continuous tense, since it expresses the result of an action that has taken place, for example: tobecooking- prepare, cooking- cooking. Often a noun is confused with a special grammatical category - a gerund, which has exactly the same ending. To distinguish between these parts of speech, you need to remember that:

• The gerund is used with the possessive case, but cannot have an article, definition, plural and any numbers.
• The noun has the clauses listed above, but cannot govern the direct object, so the preposition of is used.

Excellent and semantic meaning of these designs. The gerund expresses processes, while the noun expresses the subject of studies.

Adjective

Adjectives with ing are also formed from the verb and mean signs / qualities of people or objects that can impress: to amaze, surprise, interest, i.e. evoke a certain response.

• It is amazing film!- This amazing movie!
• Your matter is very interesting. – YourcaseVeryinteresting .

Do not confuse them with the adjectives –ed, as they describe the opposite case, i.e. reaction of perception, and do not refer to the object, but to the person on whom a certain action is rendered.

Communion and participle

Often such words are used in the participle form, and even the official name of ing-verbs: participleI or present participle, which is the third form of the verb. The participle can refer to the predicate, which we studied in the first section, and also act as a definition of a noun or create participial / adverbial phrases.

In addition, the English vocabulary has words that themselves contain an ending - ing: during, doping, casting, etc. Actually, all of them save the value of the duration of the action, the performance of the process.

This concludes the study of one of the most common endings. You will have to meet with him quite often, therefore, if you have not mastered the material well enough, then it is better to work it out again. Good luck in English!

Have you ever wondered why we need endings in words? You have to learn with them more rules and the language only gets more complicated.

However, these are required components of any language. endings connect words in a sentence with each other and indicate their logical connections. With them, serenades sound more lyrical, and you can’t go wrong in the instructions for fragile equipment.

In English, unlike Russian, there are only three endings: -s, -ed And -ing. But there are many more uses for them.

Let's take a closer look ending -ing in English. It is added to:

1. The initial form of the verb for the formation of long tenses:
   • Present continuous: I am water ing the flowers now I am watering the flowers now.
   • Past Continuous: Jane was drink ing tea at 5 o'clock yesterday Jane was drinking tea at five o'clock yesterday.
   • Future Continuous: We will be playing ing football from 4 till 6 tomorrow We will play football tomorrow from 4 to 6.
   • He said that they would work ing the whole day He said they would work all day.

   Please note that all verbs with ing ending are translated into Russian in an imperfect way- answer the question "what to do?". This will help you when doing all kinds of exercises.

   • Present Perfect Continuous: I have been read ing since 3 o'clock I have been reading since three o'clock.
   • Past Perfect Continuous: We had been walking ing for an hour when we saw the city We had been walking for an hour when we saw the city.
   • Future Perfect Continuous: Children will have been sleeping ing since afternoon when the teacher comes The children will sleep from noon when the teacher comes.
   • Future-in-the-Past Continuous: Jack said that they would have been written ing the essay for 2 hours when the bell rank John said that they would be writing an essay for two hours when the bell rings.

   Ending -ing always points to duration of action- remember this as well as the fact that London is the capital of England.

2. verb to form participle, gerund and infinitive forms
   • Gerund: I like be ing praised- I like being praised.
     We are fond of cooking ing - We like to cook.
   • Participle: The talk ing boy is my cousin The talking boy is my cousin.
     hav ing visited our friends, we went home After visiting our friends, we went home.
   • Infinitive: I am happy to be danc ing with you I'm happy to be dancing with you now.
     We are sorry to have been spoken ing so loudly We're sorry we spoke so loudly.
3. Also ing ending is used for formation of other parts of speech, for example, adjectives: An amus ing TV show- funny show
   A shock ing disaster- a shocking disaster
   An interest ing fact- interesting fact
4. There are also parts of speech in which expressions can end with the ending –ing. But you're in luck - you can be sure that in them it's just part of a word: dur ing - during, during
   sibl ing - brother or sister

As you can see, at the end –ing There are many uses in English. You are required to stop trembling in the knees and remember that it indicates duration of action, used with impersonal forms of the verb or helps form other parts of speech.