Figures from geometric shapes. Drawing geometric shapes

Can you make animals out of geometric shapes?

Never tried?

Then you should look at the pictures on the site, where various animals are made up of geometric shapes. Offer these drawings to your children: they will surely appreciate their originality.

geometric world

In everything that surrounds us, you can find elements of geometry.

The table can be round or square, our houses are parallelepipeds, etc. Have you seen how artists paint? They first outline the contours of the object with a base of geometric shapes, and only then draw smooth lines around them. They see the world as geometric, and smooth or soft lines only hide real essence of things.

In pedagogy for children preschool age there is even a whole direction where children are taught to see pure geometric shapes in everything. This is Mary's pedagogy. She believed that pure geometric shapes contribute to the better development of children and their orientation in the world. It cannot be said that this system is ideal, but it has found its supporters.

And now let's remember the works of artists of the era of modernism and postmodernism. Before my eyes there are pictures filled with squares, triangles, circles, trapeziums and all kinds of figures, painted in different colors. So painters new era saw the world, and there must have been a reason for it. They tried to convey this world untouched by human hands. Their desire was to show that all of us and all the objects around us are made up of geometric shapes. Our whole world, if you look closely, is solid geometry.

How to use pictures with children

It is quite understandable that the question arises: artists are one thing, but why do children need such a vision of the world?

Of course, pictures with animals from geometric shapes do not aim to impose on the baby an extraordinary vision of the world. However, why not show that such an interpretation of everything that surrounds us is possible.

The pictures can be interesting and exciting to study the names of geometric shapes. From a simple display and repetition, the child quickly gets tired and begins to refuse classes, even if their mother conducts them at home. Another thing is if the figures need to be found in animals. There is genuine curiosity here.

When you have fully studied with your child the names of the figures and their appearance, ask the child to show his vision of the world. Let an animal or any object be taken as an example.

Ask: what geometric figure does it look like.

Such exercises:

1. - develop observation skills;
2. - improve logical and spatial thinking;
3. - contribute to the vision of an object hidden behind the outer shell.

The kid learns to see and observe what others cannot or cannot see. Is this not the upbringing of the artist and creative personality?

And you can play the reverse game. Imagine that you are an abstract artist. Let one of you draw something consisting of geometric shapes, and the other will try to guess what is drawn. Postmodern painters often encoded their drawings on a canvas filled with squares, rectangles, trapezoids… the same kind of puzzles were offered earlier by children's magazines.

You yourself can create such a puzzle: you just need a little imagination and a look at the world through the prism of geometry.

Click on the picture to download this exercise book for kids for free.
Examples of notebook pages with applications for children from 1 to 3 years old.

Applications for children from 4 to 7 years. Click on the picture to download this book.

When needed: to identify types of personalities: manager, performer, scientist, inventor, etc.

TEST
"Constructive drawing of a man from geometric shapes"

Instruction

Draw, please, a figure of a person, made up of 10 elements, among which there may be triangles, circles, squares. You can increase or decrease these elements (geometric shapes) in size, overlay each other as needed.

It is important that all these three elements are present in the image of a person, and the sum total used figures was equal to 10. If when drawing you used more figures, then you need to cross out the extra ones, but if you used less than 10 figures, you need to finish the missing ones.

The key to the test "Constructive drawing of a person from geometric shapes"

Description

The test "Constructive drawing of a person from geometric shapes" is designed to identify individual typological differences.

The employee is offered three sheets of paper measuring 10 × 10 cm. Each sheet is numbered and signed. On the first sheet, the first test drawing is performed, then, respectively, on the second sheet - the second, on the third sheet - the third.

The employee needs to draw a human figure on each sheet, made up of 10 elements, among which there may be triangles, circles, squares. The employee can increase or decrease these elements (geometric shapes) in size, overlay each other as needed. It is important that all these three elements are present in the image of a person, and the sum of the total number of figures used is 10.

If, when drawing, the employee used more figures, then he needs to cross out the extra ones, but if he used less than 10 figures, he needs to finish the missing ones.

If the instruction is violated, the data is not processed.

An example of drawings made by three graded

Result processing

Count the number of triangles, circles and squares spent in the image of a little man (for each drawing separately). Write the result as three-digit numbers, where:

• hundreds indicate the number of triangles;
• tens - the number of circles;
• units - the number of squares.

These three-digit numbers make up the so-called drawing formula, according to which the drawings are assigned to the corresponding types and subtypes.

Result interpretation

Own empirical research, in which more than 2000 drawings were received and analyzed, showed that the ratio of various elements in constructive drawings is not accidental. The analysis allows us to identify eight main types, which correspond to certain typological characteristics.

The interpretation of the test is based on the fact that the geometric shapes used in the drawings differ in semantics:

• the triangle is usually referred to as a sharp, offensive figure associated with the masculine;
• circle - a streamlined figure, more in tune with sympathy, softness, roundness, femininity;
• square, rectangle are interpreted as a specific technical constructive figure, a technical module.

A typology based on the preference for geometric shapes allows one to form a kind of system of individual typological differences.

Types

Type I - leader

Drawing formulas: 901, 910, 802, 811, 820, 703, 712, 721, 730, 604, 613, 622, 631, 640. Subtypes 901, 910, 802, 811, 820 are most severely dominated over others; situationally - in 703, 712, 721, 730; when exposed to speech on people - verbal leader or teaching subtype - 604, 613, 622, 631, 640.

Usually these are people who have a penchant for leadership and organizational activities, focused on socially significant norms of behavior, may have the gift of good storytellers, based on high level speech development. They are well adapted to social sphere, dominance over others is kept within certain boundaries.

It must be remembered that the manifestation of these qualities depends on the level mental development. At a high level of development, individual features of development are realizable, quite well understood.

At low levels, they may not be detected in professional activity, but to be present situationally, worse if inadequate to situations. This applies to all features.

II type - responsible executor

Drawing formulas: 505, 514, 523, 532, 541, 550.

This type of people has many features of the "leader" type, being disposed towards him, however, there are often hesitation in making responsible decisions. Such a person is focused on the ability to do business, high professionalism, has a high sense of responsibility and exactingness to himself and others, highly appreciates being right, that is, characterized by increased sensitivity to truthfulness. Often he suffers from somatic diseases of nervous origin due to overexertion.

Type III - anxious and suspicious

Drawing formulas: 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, 460.

This type of people is characterized by a variety of abilities and talents - from fine manual skills to literary talent. Usually these people are closely within the framework of one profession, they can change it to a completely opposite and unexpected one, they can also have a hobby, which is essentially a second profession. Physically do not tolerate disorder and dirt. Usually conflict because of this with other people. They are highly vulnerable and often doubt themselves. They need encouragement.

In addition, 415 - "poetic subtype" - usually people with such a drawing formula have poetic talent; 424 is a subtype of people recognizable by the phrase “How can this work badly? I can't imagine how bad it can be." People of this type are distinguished by special care in their work.

IV type - scientist

Drawing formulas: 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370.

These people easily abstract from reality, have a conceptual mind, and are distinguished by the ability to develop all their theories. Usually they have peace of mind and rationally think through their behavior.

Subtype 316 is characterized by the ability to create theories, mostly global ones, or to carry out large and complex coordination work.

325 - a subtype characterized by a great enthusiasm for the knowledge of life, health, biological disciplines, medicine. Representatives of this type are often found among people involved in synthetic arts: cinema, circus, theater and entertainment directing, animation, etc.

Type V - intuitive

Drawing formulas: 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280.

People of this type are highly sensitive nervous system, its high exhaustibility. It is easier to work on switching from one activity to another, they usually act as lawyers for the minority. They are highly sensitive to novelty. They are altruistic, often show concern for others, have good manual skills and imaginative imagination, which gives them the opportunity to engage in technical forms of creativity. Usually they develop their own moral standards, have internal self-control, that is, they prefer self-control, reacting negatively to encroachments concerning their freedom.

235 - often found among professional psychologists or individuals with an increased interest in psychology;

244 - has the ability for literary creativity;

217 - has the ability to inventive activity;

226 - has a great need for novelty, usually sets very high criteria for achievement for himself.

VI type - inventor, designer, artist

Pattern formulas: 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 019, 028, 037, 046.

Often found among individuals with a technical vein. These are people with a rich imagination, spatial vision, often engaged in various types technical, artistic and intellectual creativity. More often they are introverted, just like the intuitive type, they live by their own moral standards, do not accept any outside influences, except for self-control. Emotional, obsessed with their own original ideas.

Also distinguish the features of the following subtypes:

019 - found among people who have a good command of the audience;

118 - the type with the most pronounced design capabilities and the ability to invent.

VII type - emotive

Pattern formulas: 550, 451, 460, 352, 361, 370, 253, 262, 271, 280, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 055, 064, 073, 082, 091.

They have heightened empathy for others, are hard pressed by violent scenes in the film, can be unsettled for a long time and be shocked by violent events. The pains and concerns of other people find in them participation, empathy and sympathy, for which they spend a lot of their own energy, as a result, it becomes difficult to realize their own abilities.

Type VIII - the opposite of emotive

Drawing formulas: 901, 802, 703, 604, 505, 406, 307, 208, 109.

This type of people has the opposite tendency to the emotive type. Usually does not feel the experiences of other people, or treats them with inattention, or even increases the pressure on people. If this is a good specialist, then he can force others to do what he sees fit. Sometimes it is characterized by callousness, which occurs situationally, when, for some reason, a person closes in a circle of his own problems.

Geometry for kids is an ambiguous subject, because there are so many shapes, and there are even more ways to study them. Which of them should be taken for work in the first place and how to make the crumbs be interested in them? Let's discuss approaches that can be used to teach new material.

First you need to study with children simple figures that will be understandable to them.

More complex concepts, such as a trapezoid or a rhombus, are best left for later. First, the baby needs to learn the simplest shapes: a circle, a triangle and a square. Having mastered this simple science, you will be able to start exploring new horizons. Psychologists and educators say that the circle is given to children to memorize the easiest way.

Time to study shapes

The first attempts to get acquainted with the figures can be started almost from birth. Game presentation of material will always be appropriate. Whether you show your baby a picture with a ball or a cube, you can always say in addition about their shape. Such an easy presentation will be perceived positively by the child.

A 2-year-old toddler should already be able to distinguish between:

1. triangle;
2. circle;
3. square.

3-year-old baby additionally knows:

• oval;
• rhombus;
• rectangle.

Following them, you can begin to introduce the child to the trapezoid, ellipse, etc. Don't forget to include games and fun in your activities with your children.

To make classes interesting, you should choose exciting didactic materials

The principle of mastering figures

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This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

Geometric figures for children in different periods are assimilated differently. Knowing the age characteristics, it will be easier for you to choose the appropriate technique and teach new concepts.

Choose a circle first to study. When the child learns it well, proceed to the next step. Beat the situation when you came to visit the baby big circle. Circle the circle with your child's finger, touch it with your palm, make an application based on it, adding round eyes and a nose.

Volumetric figures will be quite appropriate when studying forms. So the child will be involved in another sensory organ. The baby will always be able to touch the object, do some manipulations with it: build a tower, throw it, put it in a box. Such a multifaceted way of introducing a new concept will be very effective, because children at this age learn the world through visual-action thinking.

It is advisable to choose the same color and size for a start. Let all the concepts being studied be, for example, red, then the child will not have problems with the perception of the new, he will not be distracted by color and size differences.

It is very interesting when the figures are not just drawn on paper, but lively and voluminous.

Learning Features

We list the features child development, and in particular the perception of figures:

• At 1-2 years old, the baby compares them visually, learns to sort (we recommend reading:). The child begins to choose from the available figures the desired one and insert it into the appropriate hole.
• A grown up 2-year-old child is able to choose the called form from a number of presented figures.
• The development of a 3-year-old allows him to already name some figures on his own.

When playing and talking, always pay attention to the surrounding objects and compare them with already familiar geometric shapes. Walking in the park, you can also draw the attention of the little one to the appearance of triangles and circles, even outside the home. Constantly referring to this topic, you can easily find out what else needs to be worked out, and what the baby has already learned well.

The study continues in the following vein:

• comparison of flat and volumetric figures with the specified samples;
• search for a three-dimensional body using an existing flat image;
• reconstruction of geometric bodies (sculpting, drawing, cutting);
• analysis of a picture with a complex object, identification of its constituent parts.

Walking and playing with the child, you need to pay his attention to things of different forms.

learning

Looking for geometry around

The development of children is not represented without the development of geometric shapes, but familiarization should be carried out gradually. To start, select just one shape. Once you've mastered and consolidated it, move on to the next one. We advise you to start with a circle, as the easiest and most memorable figure.

Print the forms using a printer or draw by hand on an A4 sheet. Again, all figures must be one-color and one-dimensional. Take a few days to get to know the circle. On the first day, show the baby a circle and tell what features it has. On the second day, start looking for objects that resemble a circle. Seeing that the child can not cope due to age, help him. Having found the desired object, let the little one run along its edge in order to remember and fix such a shape. Subsequent forms are entered in the same way. For an example of such a lesson, watch the video on the Internet.

Thinking that the child is still too young to remember the names, still do not stop studying. Your labors will eventually be crowned with victory, because all classes are postponed in the children's head. Even before the toddler reaches one year of age, you can show and name the basic concepts of geometry, namely the square, circle and triangle. To do this, use special video tutorials.

Shape Discrimination Games

For the game you will need a small bag in which you need to put the already known shapes. Show your child, for example, a triangle, and then ask them to find the same one in the bag. A little later, having realized the ratio of flat and volumetric bodies, show flat images, asking you to find the corresponding volumetric body, for example, a ball is a circle, a cube is a square. Having mastered this exercise, the child will eventually learn to show not figures, but real objects.

Lotto is a unique game that allows you to explore anything. We also easily learn figures with the help of loto. For the game, make cards with images of the concepts being studied (for toddlers, you should start with 3-4 forms) in duplicate. One of them is cut into separate picture cards. To begin with, make a loto with figures of the same color and size, and as the baby grows older, the variety of sizes and colors will increase. It is more difficult to search for color differing pictures.

Basic figures on the cards:

sort method

The sorter toy will be a great helper in learning geometry. Closer to the year, the baby, playing with this toy, discovers that each part has its own unique hole. Help the baby with hints: “You found a square, and this hole is round. Doesn't fit here. Let's look for a square hole?" You can make a simple sorter yourself. Take two boxes, make a round hole in one, and a square hole in the other. Invite your child to sort the cubes and balls into boxes. Accompany the actions of the little one with comments and naming the correct figure. In such a simple way, the baby will overcome all concepts. There are baffled sorters that prevent parts from mixing inside the cube. Such sorters are perfect for children who have difficulty distinguishing shapes.

For an interesting active study of figures, the sorter is perfect

Insert frames come in a variety of directions, including geometry. Frames with basic shapes require inserting a suitable part into the desired compartment. The exercise game resembles a sorter. Video examples are widely presented on the Internet.

Trait sorting: the child must learn the differences in the manipulation of figures, for example, one object rolls and the other does not, or with the help of some it is possible to make a tower, while others are not suitable for this, etc. By the age of 5, the child will be able to sort objects according to two criteria: you can roll and you can’t build a tower (ball), you can’t roll, but you can put on top of each other (cylinder), you can’t roll (cube). At the preschool age of 6-7 years, the future first-grader must perfectly master the initial primitive knowledge of geometry.

Applications

Performing applications will help to assimilate new concepts. Use various geometric bodies to plan your future application. The first samples should be made as simple as possible, for example, only triangles are glued to a triangular sheet, only squares to a square sheet. Let the baby decide for himself which figure to stick where.

Purchased or homemade applications are great for understanding geometry.

Future appliqué details can be cut from various materials: felt, cardboard, velvet paper, etc. By about one and a half years, the baby will master the process of gluing parts on necessary places according to the template and will be ready for a new stage. Now you can begin to perform the most primitive compositional application. The basis for the exercises can be taken from the following manuals:

• Series "School of seven dwarfs 1+".
• Educational stickers for kids.
• Great stickers. Fun geometry.

Tactile creativity

Tactile work with geometric bodies makes them easier to remember. Any creative activity(drawing, modeling, cutting) will become a handy tool in mastering new concepts. On an A4 sheet, print or draw large shapes. Show your child how to draw some of them with crayons, felt-tip pens or paints. Draw hand in hand so that the child understands the principle. Over time, he will begin to cope without your help. Most often, children are most easily given a circle to draw.

Do not limit the creativity of young children to one drawing. Figures can be laid out from threads, folded from toothpicks, the ends of which can be fastened with plasticine for fixation, sculpted from dough and plasticine, created from mosaics, etc. Combine street games with learning: draw shapes on the pavement with crayons, sticks on the ground, collect acorns and pebbles, and then lay out squares and circles. You can get inspired with the help of a large number of photos and videos of classes presented on the network.

You can even train on asphalt using colored crayons

Using Doman cards

Many rightly consider the Doman method the most effective in the study of geometric shapes. With a minimum of effort, the child learns new concepts in the shortest possible time. Let's clarify one point: when we study new concepts with a child, this knowledge needs to be consolidated. It is possible through a variety of exercise games, which we talked about above. Unreinforced knowledge will be forgotten very quickly, almost as quickly as it was acquired. Most often, you can hear recommendations that it is better to postpone the start of classes on Doman cards until the age of 1 year. During this period, the child is already willingly engaged in sorters, applications, and insert frames. This method often used in kindergartens.

It will be useful for children with the need to know the world around them through movement to offer games in which they need to move along a certain trajectory. The game track or path imitates this or that figure. Such an exercise will allow preschool kinesthetic learners to quickly learn new concepts. Game complexes and towns also help.

You can include elements of familiarity with geometry in any active game

The game-exercise "Go around the figure" will be appropriate for children from one to two years old. The baby, who has mastered walking well, is already ready to participate in the game. With the help of chalk or rope, mark the shape, mark the start and finish, which are one point. For the background, turn on funny songs. As a task, invite the children to walk around the image by walking, jumping, crawling, etc. As the baby grows, the tasks become more difficult: you can ask to get around by tossing the ball or carrying a spoon with a ball in your hand.

A good game for three-year-olds is catching up using figure houses. Mark houses on the floor or ground. These can be pre-cut large figures, or they can simply be drawn with chalk or houses made of sticks. In such houses (circles, squares and triangles), a child can hide from the driver only if he names the shape correctly.

When we learn the basics of geometry, we can use modern tools. Developing videos and cartoons telling about various geometric shapes will be useful. Pay attention to such cartoons as: "Kids" and "The Engine Chuh-Chukh".

With this lesson, our drawing training program begins. This assignment covers the topic drawing simple geometric shapes.

Drawing geometric shapes can be compared with the study of the alphabet for one who masters foreign language. Geometric shapes are the first stage in building an object of any complexity. This is clearly seen in computer simulations, where the construction of a three-dimensional spacecraft begins with a simple cube. In a drawing, all depicted objects always consist or are divided into simple geometric shapes. For teaching drawing, this means exactly one thing: having learned how to correctly depict geometric shapes, learn how to draw everything else.

Construction of geometric figures.

You need to start building with an analysis of the model, figuratively speaking, to penetrate deep into the structure to the level of vertices and lines. This means to present a geometric figure as a frame, consisting only of lines and vertices (the intersection of lines), by imaginary removal of planes. An important methodological technique is the depiction of invisible but existing lines. Consolidation of this approach from the first lessons will be useful technique for drawing more complex models.

Further, under the guidance of the teacher, outline the location of lines and vertices on the sheet, with light, sliding movements, without pressing the pencil.
The position of the picture on the sheet should be given special attention for several reasons:

• Finding the central axis of the sheet will help with further construction as a starting point For vertical lines designs.
• Definition of the horizon line, for the correct image of the perspective.
• Consideration of light and shadow modeling, own and falling shadows, so that they fit in the space of the sheet and balance each other.

After drawing the main construction lines, a detailed drawing of the visible edges of the object follows, in the case of objects of rotation (ball, cone) these are the outer edges of the form.

Structural part is followed by line modeling. We analyze in detail the rules and techniques for applying strokes to geometric objects.

Professional drawing training can be easily compared to music lessons, where dry rules and precise schemes eventually lead the future composer to creative works. So in drawing, the laws of building forms, the rules of perspective, and the arrangement of shadows help the artist create unique masterpieces.

From what experienced artists can quickly apply complex drawings without spending a lot of time on markup, building? Because at first they firmly memorized the rules and canons, and now they clearly understand the structure of any form. A schematic drawing frees the author's attention from the construction and focuses on the composition, idea, image of his creation. There is an opinion that memorized schemes will not allow the artist to fully open up.
It is worth looking at where such creative masters as Picasso and Dali started in order to understand the fallacy of this judgment. But the best test will be training in our studio, where you will see in practice the advantages of the academic approach.

We are waiting for you in our art studio!