How to learn to draw geometric shapes with a pencil. Drawing volumetric figures

Fun and colorful tasks for kids "Drawings from geometric shapes" are a very convenient learning material for preschool and younger children. school age for learning and memorizing basic geometric shapes: triangle, circle, oval, square, rectangle and trapezoid. All assignments are for independent work child under adult supervision. The parent or teacher must correctly explain to the child what he must do in each task.

1. Drawings from geometric shapes - Conditions for completing tasks:

To start completing the tasks, download the form in the attachments, in which you will find 2 types of tasks: drawings from geometric shapes for coloring and a task for drawing shapes using logical and figurative thinking. Print the downloaded page on a color printer and give it to your child along with colored pencils or felt-tip pens.

• In the first task, the kid needs to mentally combine every two parts of the presented figures into one and draw the resulting geometric shape in the corresponding cell. Explain to the child that the pieces can be rotated in the mind in different directions until he gets the right combination to make a figure. For example, two triangles can be rotated to form a square. After that, the square must be drawn in the cell next to the triangle. By the same principle, you need to make the rest of the drawings.
• In the second task, the children must correctly name the figures that make up the drawn pictures. Then these pictures need to be colored using the colors next to the geometric shapes. Each figure needs to be painted only in the specified color.

To give the lesson more energy and enthusiasm, you can combine several children into a group and give them tasks to complete on time. The first child to complete all tasks without errors is declared the winner. As a prize, you can hang his work on the wall of achievements (such a wall must be present both at home and in kindergarten).

You can download the task "Drawings from geometric shapes" in the attachments at the bottom of the page.

2. Geometric shapes in drawings - 3 coloring tasks:

The next lesson also hides the basic geometric shapes in the drawings. The child needs to find these figures, name them, and then color them in such a way that each figure corresponds to a certain color (guided by the instructions on the task sheet).

In the second task, you need to draw any geometric shapes on all floors, but the condition must be observed: on each floor, the figures must be in a different order. You can change this assignment later. To do this, it is enough to draw exactly such a house on paper and ask the child to fill it with figures so that the same figures do not meet in each entrance (the entrance is a vertical row of squares).

In the third task, you need, guided by the arrows, to draw exactly the same geometric shapes inside or outside these shapes.

Do not rush the child and do not prompt him until he himself asks you about it. If the kid did something wrong, you can always print another copy of the training form with the task.

You can download the task "Geometric shapes in drawings" in the attachments at the bottom of the page.

In this lesson, children again have to find geometric shapes among the drawings. After the previous lessons, it will be easier for them to navigate in familiar forms, so I think that both tasks will not cause them any difficulties.

The second task also allows the kid to repeat mathematical signs and learn to count up to ten, as he will need to count the number of figures and put the signs "greater than" "less than" between the pictures.

You can download the coloring "Funny drawings from figures" in the attachments at the bottom of the page.

Other materials on the study of geometric shapes will also be useful to you:

Here you and your child can learn geometric shapes and their names using fun tasks in pictures.

The tasks will introduce the child to the basic shapes of geometry - a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle and a triangle. Only here is not a boring memorization of the names of the figures, but a kind of coloring game.

As a rule, they begin to study geometry by drawing flat geometric figures. The perception of the correct geometric shape is impossible without drawing it out with your own hands on a piece of paper.

This lesson will greatly amuse your young mathematicians. After all, now they will have to find familiar shapes of geometric shapes among many pictures.

Stacking shapes on top of each other is a geometry activity for preschoolers and younger students. The meaning of the exercise is to solve addition examples. These are just unusual examples. Instead of numbers, here you need to add geometric shapes.

This task is designed as a game in which the child has to change the properties of geometric shapes: shape, color or size.

Here you can download tasks in pictures, which present the calculation of geometric shapes for math classes.

In this task, the child will get acquainted with such a concept as drawings. geometric bodies. In fact, this lesson is a mini-lesson on descriptive geometry.

Here we have prepared for you volumetric geometric shapes made of paper that need to be cut and glued. Cube, pyramids, rhombus, cone, cylinder, hexagon, print them on cardboard (or colored paper, and then stick on cardboard), and then give the child to remember.

Children love coloring and tracing, so these tasks will make your counting lessons as effective as possible.

And you can also play math games online from Bibushi the fox:

In this developing online game the child will have to determine what is superfluous among 4 pictures. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by the signs of geometric shapes.

/ still life

1 fig. We outline the horizon - the line of the table. We compose a still life using straight lines. It turns out the shape of the house, with a slight slope to the left side. We find the center and draw a vertical axis, and then a horizontal one. We arranged the composition of the still life perfectly.

2 fig. Next, we must arrange the objects themselves into a composition. We will use the shape of a circle and an oval in the layout. Pay attention to how the forms are located between the lines, where they go beyond the lines, what slope they have.

3 fig. Here our task is to build 3 volumetric geometric shapes (cube, ball and cylinder). Ball - find the center and draw two axes, measure equal sides from the center and make a symmetrical shape.

Cube - find the points of the front square, make sure that the lines are parallel, then from the points "A", "B" and "C" draw diagonals parallel to each other, find the points on them using a ruler, measure the same length. Connect the dots. Cylinder - draw in the direction of length (with an inclination) the central axis, and find the points for the cross axes of the cylinder. We measure equal distances from the center of the axes using a ruler (as the ball was made).

4 fig. Now we need to show the shadow, light and drop shadow of the objects on the objects. In the direction of the light rays, you can see where the shadow and light will be on the objects. Putting a stroke on the form, we show the main gradations. Look closely at the drawing.

5 fig. Great! Now it is important for you to know what a reflex is. Reflex is the reflection of light. As a rule, it is depicted on the shadow side (see figure). And there are such concepts as partial shade and half light - this is a smooth transition from shadow to light. Here we have to show the density with a stroke. It is necessary to deepen the shadow, penumbra, half-light, reflex and falling shadow from objects.

Basic drawing skills are practiced on simple three-dimensional figures. Here, the ability to correctly measure the sizes and ratios of objects, and correctly build a perspective, and compose an image in a sheet, and accurately convey light and shade are also important. What are simple three-dimensional figures?

Simple volumetric figures By simple three-dimensional figures in drawing, they mean such three-dimensional figures as: a cube, a parallelepiped, a prism, a cone, a ball. For educational purposes in drawing, figures cast from plaster are used. All of them have regular geometric features and a smooth white surface.

Geometrically correct three-dimensional bodies help develop the ability to accurately draw straight and curved lines. For example, in drawing a cube, you need to accurately determine the perspective contractions and draw freehand, without aids, its smooth edges. And, in drawing a ball, it is important to draw the correct circle, again without additional improvised means. Only pencil, paper and eraser.

Features of building three-dimensional figures
for emerging artists

In the training drawing entry level perspective technique is used, in which vertical lines are drawn strictly vertical, while horizontal and diagonal ones are drawn with perspective.

Such postulates of building perspective, on the one hand, are at odds with modern trends in 3D graphics, where machines are already trained to render perspective abbreviations that are practically indistinguishable from real ones, and we are used to such a quality of displaying reality. On the other hand, for educational purposes, the depiction of vertical lines without regard to perspective makes it easier for the novice artist to construct space and objects in it. In addition, in practice, strictly vertical lines in the works of beginners help to properly organize the space and look quite harmonious.

Chiaroscuro in the educational drawing of three-dimensional figures

IN in general terms let's deal with the concept of educational tonal drawing of three-dimensional figures. When applying tone in a training drawing of three-dimensional figures, it is important to concentrate on creating the illusion of volume and space. The first is achieved by following common ground shadow theory. It is important to note here that when educational drawing volumetric figures, it is desirable to use hatching in the shape of these very figures and in the direction of the shadows. The feeling of space in the educational drawing is achieved by increasing the contrast of light and shade gradations by foreground and softening the shadows in the background.

Studying and drawing geometric bodies in educational academic drawing is the basis for mastering the principles and methods of depicting more complex forms.

Education fine arts requires strict adherence to the sequence of complication of learning tasks and multiple repetitions to master the technique. The most suitable form for mastering the principles of drawing construction are geometric bodies, which are based on clear constructive structures. On simple geometric bodies the easiest way to understand and assimilate the basics of volumetric-spatial construction, the transfer of forms in perspective reduction, the patterns of chiaroscuro and proportional relationships.

Simple drawing exercises geometric bodies allow not to be distracted by the details that are available in more complex forms, such as architectural objects and the human body, but to focus entirely on the main thing - visual literacy.

Correctly understood and assimilated patterns in the depiction of simple forms should contribute to a more conscious approach to drawing complex forms in the future.

In order to learn how to competently and correctly depict the shape of an object, it is necessary to realize the internal structure of the object hidden from the eyes - the design. The word "construction" means "structure", "structure", "plan", that is, the relative position of the parts of the object and their relationship. This is important to know and understand when depicting any form. The more complex the form, the more and more seriously you will have to study internal structure natural model. So, for example, when drawing living nature - the head or figure of a person, in addition to knowing the design features, you should definitely know plastic anatomy. Therefore, without a clear understanding of the structure of the form and nature of the object, it is impossible to correctly master the drawing.

When depicting spatial forms, in addition to knowing the patterns of the structure of a structure, knowledge about the laws of perspective, proportions, and chiaroscuro is necessary. For the correct image of a full-scale model, it is necessary to accustom yourself to always analyze nature, to clearly represent its external and internal structure. Approach to work should be consciously, from a scientific point of view. Only such drawing will contribute to the successful completion of work on the image of both simple and complex forms.

Drawing geometric shapes to inexperienced draftsmen seems at first glance quite easy. But this is far from true. For confident mastery of the drawing, first of all, it is necessary to master the methods of analysis of forms and the principles of constructing simple bodies. Any form consists of flat figures: rectangles, triangles, rhombuses, trapezoids and other polygons that delimit it from the surrounding space. The challenge is to correctly understand how these surfaces fit together to form a shape. For its correct image, it is necessary to learn how to draw such figures in perspective, in order to easily select three-dimensional bodies on the plane, limited by these flat figures. Flat geometric figures serve as the basis for understanding the constructive construction of three-dimensional bodies. So, for example, a square gives an idea of ​​​​building a cube, a rectangle - about building a parallelepiped prism, a triangle - a pyramid, a trapezoid - a truncated cone, a circle is represented by a ball, a cylinder and a cone, and elliptical figures - spherical (ovoid) shapes.

All objects have three-dimensional characteristics: height, length and width. Points and lines are used to define and depict them on a plane. The points define the characteristic nodes of the design of objects, they establish the mutual spatial arrangement of the nodes, which characterizes the design of the form as a whole.

The line is one of the main visual means. Lines indicate the contour of objects that form their shape. They designate height, length, width, constructive axes, auxiliary, space-defining lines, construction lines, and much more.

For a thorough study, geometric shapes are best viewed as transparent wireframe models. This allows you to better trace, understand and assimilate the basics of the spatial construction of structures and the perspective reduction of the shapes of geometric bodies: a cube, a pyramid, a cylinder, a ball, a cone and a prism. At the same time, such a technique greatly facilitates the construction of a drawing in which all spatial angles, edges, and edges of the body are clearly traced, regardless of their rotations in space and in perspective contraction. Wireframe models allow a novice artist to develop three-dimensional thinking, thereby contributing to the correct representation of a geometric shape on a paper plane.

For a solid fixation in the mind of a novice artist of a three-dimensional idea of ​​the structure of these forms, it would be most effective to do them yourself. Models can be made without much difficulty from improvised materials: ordinary flexible aluminum, copper or any other wire, wooden or plastic slats. Subsequently, in order to assimilate the laws of light and shade, it will be possible to make models from paper or thin cardboard. To do this, it is necessary to make blanks - appropriate scans or separately cut out planes for gluing. No less important is the modeling process itself, which will be more beneficial for students to understand the essence of the structure of one form or another than the use of a ready-made model. It will take a lot of time to make wireframe and paper models, so in order to save it, you should not make models big size- it is enough if their dimensions do not exceed three to five centimeters.

By turning the manufactured paper model at different angles to the light source, you can follow the patterns of light and shadow. At the same time, attention should be paid to the change in the proportional relations of the parts of the object, as well as to the perspective reduction of forms. By moving the model closer and further away from the light source, you can see how the contrast of lighting on the object changes. So, for example, when approaching the light source, the light and shadow on the form acquire the greatest contrast, and as they move away, they become less contrasting. Moreover, the nearby corners and edges will be the most contrasting, and the corners and edges located in the spatial depth will be less contrasting. But the most important thing for initial stage drawing is the ability to correctly display the three-dimensional construction of forms using points and lines on a plane. This is a fundamental principle in mastering the drawing of simple geometric shapes, as well as in the subsequent study of more complex shapes and their conscious representation.

All objects and figures are placed in space. Even in simple drawing it is worth understanding completely different objects, but everything that is on it, and everything that we want to depict. It is worth considering this as one stream of shapes and lines, white and black, light and shadow.

The drawing must be perceived as a space on paper, where there is a plane and proportions of all objects, light and shadow, which is guided by the shape of the object.

Basic geometric shapes:

2D Plane Figures

3D shapes that have volume

Absolutely all objects are based on these figures.

A cube is a figure, the basis of which is a three-dimensional image in the spatial ratio of a sheet. The cube has all the geometric parameters, such as: vertical, horizontal and depth. The cube itself contains the concept of the picture as a whole.

To begin understanding the drawing, we will work with it. With the help of figurative-logical constructions, we are with you we will develop thinking through form analytics. For a better understanding and analysis of the drawing, there are several exercises.

Exercises

We sit down at the easel, take big leaf paper, you can inexpensive, or even a piece of wallpaper (in this exercise, paper is not particularly important). We draw a square, naturally we try to make its sides even and the lines straight.

So - we see an ordinary square, completely uninteresting and not impressive, but this is only at the moment ...

We make a cube from a square with a pencil: draw lines from the faces with an angle of approximately 45 degrees. We finish the back part and ... we get a cube. But again, we do not see any space in our sheet. You can freely confuse the nearest and far faces. Now it's just a few lines on paper.

In order for us to feel space, we need to make the drawing smooth.. That is, to make it clear to us where the front of the picture is, and where the back is.

The side of the cube, which is closer to us, needs to be highlighted, made clearer and more active. We take our pencil and draw the front edges in a bold tone. Now we can already see where the near side is, and where the side is farther from us.

This is how we transferred the space in order to achieve the desired result. But that's not all. Now it is important to correctly convey smoothness in order to get three-dimensionality in the drawing.

We present to your attention a short video tutorial on the topic of optical illusions.