Village wooden world homework. Village - a wooden world Made by a teacher of fine arts and art
Village - wooden world
Made by a teacher of fine arts and MHC
I.V. Kurbakova
MOU secondary school №5
Nizhny Novgorod
2010
Village - wooden world
The beauty of our land is created not only by nature, but also by man. Huts were cut from wood, hence the word "VILLAGE"
Northern villages
Types of northern huts
Red corner in the hut
In a Russian hut, usually oriented to the cardinal points, a red corner was arranged in the far corner of the hut, on the east side. The icons were placed in the "red" corner of the room in such a way that the icon was the first thing a person entering the room paid attention to.
"Smoking" hut
Such a hut was heated by a stove without a pipe. The stove did not have an outlet for smoke and the smoke came out of the front of it, filled the hut and exited (“smoked”) through the door. Hence the name - kurnaya
The foundation of the hut
The hut was installed directly on the ground or on poles. Oak logs, large stones or stumps were brought under the corners, on which the log house stood. In summer, the wind blew under the hut, drying the boards of the so-called “black” floor from below.
Target: To reveal the role of art in understanding the harmonious connection of Russian housing with nature.
Tasks:introduce students with wooden temple architecture; consider a variety of rural wooden buildings: huts, gates, wells, etc.; learn determine the means of artistic expression used in the works of landscape painters; develop constructive, graphic skills ; bring up children have a love for nature, artistic taste, the need to focus on the spiritual values of folk art; strengthen interdisciplinary connections.
Equipment: photographs of wooden architecture, Kizhi ensemble; reproductions of paintings Nikolay Anokhin - Departing Rus', Fyodor Vasilyeva - Village,
Isaac Levitan - Sunny day.
During the classes.
I. Organizing time.
Honor the sciences, love the arts,
Get to work without regret.
Children! Then noble feelings
They will find noble ground in you!
II. Knowledge update:
From time immemorial in Rus', people lived in harmony with nature. The earth is not only the beauty of nature, it retains deep traces of the events of human life.
Remember in what places in Rus' settlements were built? (Settlements were built along the rivers, on the plains, near the forest, on the hills with white churches on their tops, with domes burning in the sun and bells ringing far away)
What was the name of such settlements in one word? (villages)
III.Introduction to the topic of the lesson.
- To find out the topic of the lesson, you need to read the rebus:
|
(Village - wooden world)
- What do you think we will do in class today? (children's answers).
Today we will visit the Russian village, get acquainted with various types of huts, we will admire the beauty of wooden temple architecture.
IV. Conversation on the topic of the lesson.
1) - Listen to an excerpt from the memories of D. Tvardovsky's childhood:
“For most people, the feeling of the motherland in the broad sense - the native country, the fatherland - is supplemented by the feeling of the homeland of the small, original, motherland in the sense of native places, fatherland, district, city or village. This small homeland with its own special appearance, with its most modest and unpretentious beauty, appears to a person in childhood, at the time of life-long impressions of a childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that big homeland, that embraces all the small and in its great whole is one for all.
Where does the Motherland, Fatherland begin? (answers: from a small homeland, from a city or village, from a house, street).
On the reproduction board: ANOKHIN Nikolay - Departing Rus' VASILEV Fedor - Village LEVITAN Isaac - Sunny day
2) An artistic word about the native land, about the Russian village.
(Students read poems prepared at home)
My friend, what could be nicer
Priceless native land?
There the sun seems brighter
There is a happier golden spring,
Cooler light breeze
The flowers are more fragrant, the hills are greener there,
There the stream sounds sweeter,
There the nightingale sings louder.
N. Languages
Inexpressible, blue, tender....
My land is quiet after storms, after thunderstorms,
And my soul is a boundless field -
Breathes the scent of honey and roses.
This street is familiar to me
And this low house is familiar.
wire blue straw
Dropped under the window.
I see a garden covered in blue
Quietly August lay down on the wattle fence.
They hold lindens in green paws
Bird chirping and chirping.
I love this wooden house
Formidable power glimmered in the logs,
Our stove is somehow wild and strange
As about someone dead, alive.
In the howl of the rain?
The light of the moon, mysterious and long,
Willows are crying, poplars are whispering.
But no one under the cry of a crane
He will not stop loving his father's fields.
And now that behold the new light
And my life touched fate,
I still remain a poet
Golden log cabin.
WITH. Yesenin
What feeling unites these works of art? (children's answers)
I'll say the word "village".
What did you imagine? (children's answers)
- Open the textbook on page 20. Consider the painting by I. Levitan "Golden Autumn"
What feelings does this picture give you?
Where is the village located?
What season is shown in the picture? Can we say that these are the golden days of autumn? Why?
What mood is expressed in this picture?
Can we say that the landscape is illuminated by the sun? Why?
How is the image of Russian nature and the image of the Russian village connected?
What impression does the picture as a whole give you?
Here you are with the word "village" introduced themselves immediately at home.
What was the name of the house before? (children's answers)
Why was it called "hut"? (Izba is a Russian log house. The main place in them is occupied by stoves, so the house was called huts (from the words “istba”, “firebox” - a warm place)
- From what natural material were the huts built? (huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which looked like silver on a cloudy day, and like warm, luminous honey in the sun. All these are signs of the promised world. These settlements were close to nature, decorated it)
Open the textbook on page 21. Read the text of the textbook.
Why were buildings made of wood? (children's answers)
Forests in our country occupied a vast territory. Wood is an affordable natural material in the construction of a home.
What was the name of the people who built houses? (carpenters)
Look at the drawings on pages 21-22. What tools did the carpenters use to build the hut? (axe, planer)
What was the craftsmanship of the buildings? (children's answers)
And is it possible to skill carry decorations of buildings?
What was decorated?
Read the text of the textbook on pages 23-24.
And what other wooden structures can be seen in the Russian village? (wells, barns, cages (where clothes, utensils, etc. were stored), gates, porches, fences)
Physical education minute
We need to build a new house
Definitely need to put!
Come on strong, come on together
We invite everyone to work
We will build a new house.
Row upon row of logs
We'll put it right!
Here is the stove and the pipe,
There are two pillars for the porch.
Let's build an attic
We will cover the house with a weave,
Well, done!
And now we put
Staircase and door.
painted windows,
The shutters are carved.
We'll fill the gaps with tow
And our new home is ready!
The teacher demonstrates photographs of wooden architecture (churches, cathedrals, temples made of wood and without a single nail) and the Kizhi ensemble.
Beautiful Russian North. This is the land of dense forests, endless lakes and clean clear rivers.
From time immemorial, villages, monasteries and towns have been built here. The North was famous for its skilled carpenters. Forests in abundance supplied the most affordable material for construction - wood. The main tool in the hands of the master was an ax. With his help, they left peasant huts, churches, boyar mansions.
Russian masters were able to build in such a way that the creations of their hands seemed inseparable from the surrounding nature. A miracle is called the Church of the Transfiguration, which stands on the island of Kizhi in Lake Onega. You look at it and it seems that you are in a fairy tale.
As if the master carved the temple from one whole piece of wood. There are no nails in the building! Everything is light, weightless, openwork: and 22 domes, similar to onions, and porches with chiseled columns.
Here's what the legend says. The master built the Church of the Transfiguration, and he threw his ax into Lake Onega, saying: “There was not and will not be any more!”
V. Independent work of students.
(Children discuss the location of the album sheet; remember the decorations of the huts; that if the object is closer - it is larger, further - smaller, the objects depicted do not hang in the air; about mixing colors to get the right color, etc.)
VI. Exhibition and evaluation of works.
(A prepared student reads a poem)
Geniuses of old architecture -
People of unknown fate!
What is your first and last name,
hut designer,
By whose hand is it sketched
Her modest estimate?
From logs planed, hewn
Your glorious name!
Why didn't you punch in the name
At least in the curls of the thread?
Lord save me!
Do I expect boasting:
Here is a hut for you, God's paradise - and that's it!
What do you care about our names?
Shy, pretending
The architect of forgotten times,
The log house is the creator of the five-walled,
Its mica windows
You, who preceded Bazhenov,
His Vesnin brothers!
Leonid Martynov
VII. Summary of the lesson.
Continue suggestions: Now I know…….
Now I can…….
I had a hard time in class...
I liked the lesson…….
VIII. Workplace cleaning.
Used Books:
1. Textbook "Every nation is an artist."
2. Visual arts. Grade 4: lesson plans according to the program / ed.
3. The works of Leonid Martynov "The Geniuses of Old Architecture", S. Yesenin "Unspeakable, blue, tender ....", N.. Yazykov "My friend, what could be nicer ...", D. Tvardovsky "Memories of childhood."
4. Articles from the Internet.
The presentation was made according to the program of B.M. Nemensky "Fine Arts and Artistic Work", based on the textbook for the 4th grade of elementary school "Fine Arts. Every nation is an artist" Author - L.A. Nemenskaya.
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The village is a wooden world.
Village - “tree” Huts were cut from wood, hence the word “village”. I. STOZHAROV. Northern villages.
The village is not only residential huts. This is a whole wooden world of buildings for various purposes: wells, gates - the entrance to the yard, barns, sheds, a threshing floor, bathhouses near the water.
SHED - a room for storing various things. BARN - storage room for grain and supplies
Village huts in the old days were placed out of order, but, as they said in a “joyful place”, so that the owner would be comfortable and not to interfere with the neighbor. Over time, they began to build them with a facade, that is, facing the road, and the result was a “street”, and from the streets - a village. Villages were built along the rivers.
In the center - in the best and most prominent place they put the church. People came here with their hopes, brought their sorrows and joys. Ancient churches differed little from the hut. They have only on the roof, on a thin neck - a cupola, as if tied with a scarf.
From the image of a modest peasant church, the masters gradually moved on to tent architecture. Festive striving overcame everyday life, and the princess-church was born. Step by step, the development of architectural forms went from simple to complex. This is especially evident in the image of the famous Transfiguration Cathedral from Kizhi Island in Karelia.
This is a quadrangular frame - "chetverik", on which stands the "octagon" - the octagonal base of the tent. How the chorus rush to the top of the onion dome. The domes seem to be united by a mighty force, but soft, kind and feminine. So kokoshniks appeared as decorations at cathedrals. Below, such a building was often surrounded by a hospitable porch. Tent Temple
In ancient Rus', it was believed that a village without a mill was the poorest.
Create a collective panel "The image of the Russian village" Task
Sources: L.A. Nemenskaya. Art. Every nation is an artist. Proc. for grade 4 of the primary school. / Edited by B.M. Nemensky, M. Prosvesh. 2010 http://findmapplaces.com Saransk 2010
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The lesson is time travel. Not serious about serious. Lesson objectives: 1. To consolidate knowledge about the clothes of different peoples of a certain era, to draw a conclusion about the purpose of people's clothes ...
Village - wooden world
- Kireeva Tatyana Ivanovna
- art teacher
- MBOU Dorogobuzh secondary school No. 2
- Smolensk region
- Lesson of fine arts in the 4th grade according to the program of B.M. Nemensky
- Russian dwelling - Izba
- Village - wooden world
- Sometimes houses seemed to merge with the natural environment. The tree served as the main material in the construction of the house.
- VILLAGE - tree
- STREET - "at-face"
- The main place in it is occupied by a stove, therefore they call houses huts - (from the words "istba", "istopa" - a warm place), i.e.
- a hut is a dwelling that was heated from the inside, served as protection from the cold.
- The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which looked like silver on a cloudy day, and like warm honey in the sun.
- Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. A crown upon a crown - and a cage, or a log house, grows.
- The huts are high, on two floors
- In houses, wooden floors are required, in attics - sand: everything is for warmth.
- lower floor - podklet - protects against dampness, cold, floods
- Near the hut they put cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored
- Near the cage were placed barns, well
- gable roof - building cap. The higher it is, the easier snow and rain roll off it.
- A log crowns the roof - dumbass
- Coolness was perceived by the people
- as a protector of a peasant family
- dumbass
- Closes the junction of the log cabin with the triangle boards under the roof frontal board
- The edges of the roof protrude, and their ends cover the patterned boards - prichelina
- The junction of the prichelins is closed hanging down towel
- towel
- Often the windows of the house were decorated with carved platbands,
- shutters.
- wood carving
- What does I. Bunin compare the Russian forest with?
- What words does the author describe the forest and the tower?
- Based on this description, tell me what character corresponds to the image of the Russian tower?
- The image of a Russian dwelling is joyful, fabulous, hospitable!
- Forest, like a painted tower,
- Lilac, gold, crimson.
- Cheerful, colorful wall
- It stands over a bright meadow.
- Birches with yellow carving
- Shine in blue azure,
- Like towers, Christmas trees darken,
- And between the maples they turn blue
- Here and there, in the foliage
- through
- Clearances in the sky, that windows.
- The forest smells of oak and pine,
- During the summer it dried up from the sun,
- And autumn is a quiet widow
- Today she entered her own tower ...
- I. Bunin
- Exercise:
- Draw an image of a Russian hut against the backdrop of Russian nature.
- The design of the huts is similar, but the images are very different.
- There is a hut-bogatyr - a wide mighty house, and another hut is high, the slopes of its roof resemble a forest spruce in shape. And you can meet a grandmother's hut with one window, comfortably nestled among tall trees, etc.
This work will serve as a good visualization in immersing students in the material being studied. From historical origins to the well-known Russian village, we are brought slide by slide. The evolution of the village dwelling is covered in detail. Further, the following methodological material contains information on the construction of a wooden house, which helps to design it in the lessons of technology (artistic work)
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Slides captions:
Presentation "Russian Village" Compiled by: teacher of fine arts Maksimova Zhanna Anatolyevna school No. 411
our Motherland - Rus', Russia our ancestors - Slavs
Narrator Bayan
chronicler
A.Khutornoy Chronicler
Saida Afonina. Enlightener Joseph Volokolamsky
Center of education in Rus' - Orthodox monasteries
Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra Holy Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra
Great Chronicler - Nestor the Monk
Religion of the ancient Slavs - paganism (polytheism)
World tree (tree of worlds)
The supreme lord of the Universe, the personification of the God of the Family. The name Svarog comes from the Old Slavonic root "sva" - the sky ("light, holy") and "horn" - a symbol of the masculine principle. Svarog
Perun - God of the ancient Slavs (Yarilo)
V.I.Filyakin Bereginya
Makosh - Earth - personifies the feminine principle of nature and is the wife of Svarog. The expression Mother - Earth, a modern version of the name of the ancient Slavic goddess The symbol of Mokosh in embroidery
Makoshi's daughters
Bird Gamayun-messenger of the gods, V. Korolkov telling people the future
Birds Sirin and Alkonost V.M.Vasnetsov 1896
people worshiped the gods consulted with them, brought offerings
swore military loyalty and courage
their idols stood everywhere Chugriev V.Yu. Slavic village
About the gods composed myths and legends
In honor of the gods, festivities were organized Lebedev K.V. Night on Ivan Kupala
So it was until Prince Vladimir brought the Christian Orthodox Faith to Rus'
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down with idols
Viktor Vasnetsov. The Baptism of Prince Vladimir Frescoes in the Vladimir Cathedral
Viktor Vasnetsov. Baptism of Rus' Frescoes of Vladimir Cathedral
Stanislav Babyuk. The overthrow of Perun
Slavic settlement
The Slavs lived in tribal communities, settlements, villages, cities.
The Slavs surrounded their settlements with the walls of Gardarik
They built on a hill so that they were nearby -
forest and river
Such Slavs represented the river
Boris Olshansky
Good bad places
Unkind - were considered places of old conflagrations
Places with distorted trees
Places with distorted trees
Places with strange
scary trees
For the settlement, they chose bright "clean" places without notoriety
Panasenko. motherland
What does it cost us to build a house!
For the construction it was important to take the "right" tree
They believed that the trees are alive, everyone sees and hears
Mighty, old trees were not cut down
The Slavs believed that the souls of the wise men lived in them.
It was impossible to cut down young, growing trees
What tree species were used to build the house?
Shishkin I. Oak Grove
Shishkin I. Birch Grove
Shishkin I. Tops of pines
Shishkin I. Spruce forest
Before cutting down a tree, they bowed to him, asked his forgiveness and explained the need for a log house.
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Slides captions:
Russian village
The center and soul of every village, every village is the church - the temple of God
Wooden houses were built simple - one-story and more complex, two-story
Archaeological excavations provide the most interesting and reliable information about the life of the settlements of our ancient and not very distant ancestors.
Trinity excavation, 12th century. Novgorod
Yuryevo settlement Novgorod Museums of wooden architecture
The Slavs arranged their first houses in the ground (dugouts)
A dugout without walls and with a stove
A dugout with walls, a roof and an adobe stove with a brazier
The walls and roof of the dugout are being strengthened
The house got out of the ground, a portage window and a porch appear
The roof structure is improved, the foundation is strengthened, the window is enlarged
