Armenian Zurna and Pku (wind instruments). What type of musical instrument is the zurna? usually musical instruments undergo changes in different countries, they are adjusted to the music of one or another people, but not in the case of zurna

usually musical instruments undergo in different countries changes, they are adjusted to the music of one or another people, but not in the case of zurna. Range But the cane at the zurna is double,

very similar to her modern canes for oboe, which not only makes them related instruments, but also suggests that the zurna became the predecessor of the oboe. In addition, she has a bright and piercing timbre, which also puts her on a par with such instruments as the pity and cor anglais.

Zurna is a musical instrument with a range of one and a half octaves, and, importantly, both in the diatonic and chromatic scales. The lowest note that can be played on the zurn is B-flat of a small octave, and the top note is considered to be up to the third octave, but it is possible to expand the range by a few more tones. This requires special skill, and these notes beyond the usual range are called "sefir seslar" by performers.

About the tree If you ask about what a zurna is, music masters, they will say that it is a woodwind musical instrument. Therefore, the most important thing in it is wood. As a rule, zurna is made from mulberry, hazel or apricot. At the upper end (where the cane is attached) the tube has a diameter of 20 mm, and at the bottom it expands sharply to 60-65 mm. In this case, the total length usually ranges from 30 to 32 centimeters. Also in the design there is an essential detail - "masha". This is a bushing usually made from the same wood (but wild willow may be used) and is inserted into the upper end of the instrument, allowing the blade to be tuned.

The mouthpiece is made of reeds and has a length of seven to ten millimeters, which is almost half as long as that of a modern oboe. History What is a zurna can also be judged from archaeological excavations. If you believe them, then it existed already three thousand years ago: a find on the territory of modern Mingachevir, the fourth largest city in Azerbaijan, dates back to this age. Archaeologists have found four copies of the zurna, but the material was not wood, but deer antler. Copies of a related instrument, the balaban, were also found there. The musician who plays the zurna is called zurnachi. "Usta" is a zurnachi playing a melody in an ensemble. As a rule, the group consists of three musicians, and the second zurnachi plays lingering, main notes in harmony, which makes the music related to Scottish and Irish music, where bagpipe bourdons accompany the melody with continuous monotonous sounds that create a chord. The third musician in the ensemble is the drummer, he creates a complex, intricate rhythm. In such ethnic ensembles, archaic percussion instruments are used, such as nagara or dhol, which are large or medium drums. The drummer can beat the rhythm with one hand or use sticks.

This is a festive flute, widespread in the Near and Middle East, Transcaucasia, India, Anatolia, the Balkans, Iran, Central Asia. Like any flute, it has the appearance of a tube with holes and a small beep. Usually there are up to nine holes on the tube, one of which is on the opposite side.
A close relative of the zurna is the oboe, which has the same double reed. Note that the oboe is still longer than the zurna, it has more side holes, and, in addition, it is equipped with valve mechanics, like a clarinet, flute, bassoon. However, the zurnas and the double oboe reed are so similar in terms of the arrangement of the zurnas that sometimes zurnachi musicians buy an oboe reed in a store for their instrument.
Zurna has a special specific sound. Its range is up to one and a half octaves, and the timbre is bright and piercing.
Zurna sounds good as part of an instrumental ensemble. Musicians often perform in threes. The first musician is called the mouth (or master), he plays the main melody. The second musician, as it were, complements the playing of the first and echoes him with lingering sounds. The third musician plays percussion instrument and performs a varied rhythmic basis.
The oldest zurna is more than three thousand years old. During excavations on the territory of the Armenian Highlands, the oldest copy of the zurna was discovered. It is known that such a tool exists in Ancient Greece. He accompanied gymnastic exercises, theatrical performances, sacrifices, military campaigns. True, it had a different name then - avlos, but it differed little from the current zurna.
The basis for the manufacture of zurna is a tree - apricot, walnut or mulberry. The diameter of the tool barrel is about twenty millimeters. The tool expands downwards to sixty millimeters in diameter. The average length of a zurna is three hundred millimeters.
A bushing (“masha”) is inserted into the upper end of the barrel. Its length is about one hundred millimeters. It is carved from willow, walnut or apricot wood. It is the sleeve that regulates the setting of the plate. The mouthpiece of the zurna is made of dry reeds, its length is ten millimeters.
The performer blows air through the mouthpiece and thus sounds are obtained. The zurna range is quite large for such small tool- from "B-flat" of a small octave to "to" of the third octave. However, a professional musician can extend this range to several sounds. Experienced performers know how to make the zurna sing softly and gently.
Zurna - folk instrument, it is widely used during outdoor folk festivals. Zurna, as a rule, is a part of ensembles of wind instruments, but can also be a solo instrument. In such cases, it is used to perform some dance melodies. Very often in folk music a duet of these instruments sounds. Then one zurna leads the melody, and the other draws low long sounds. It turns out a very original melody, sometimes complicated by the fact that zurnachi can draw bourdon sounds as much as they like: while air is being consumed from the mouth, they inhale air into the lungs with their nose. This skill comes after a thorough training.

The Sprint-Answer site continues to replenish the TV Game section with new questions and answers to them, this time we will consider the issue of a type of musical instrument called the zurna.

The correct answer is traditionally highlighted in blue and bold in the list of answer options.

What type of musical instrument is the zurna?

In folk music, 2 zurnas are used at once during the performance. Weaving sound is produced by nasal breathing. To play, the instrument is placed in front of you with a slight inclination. For short music, the musician breathes through his mouth. With prolonged sounding, the performer must breathe through the nose. Zurna has a range from "B-flat" of a small octave to "to" of the third octave.

Zurna (surnay, Karach.-Balk. sarnay, raw, literally - a festive flute) is a reed woodwind musical instrument with a double reed, common in the Near and Middle East, the Caucasus, India, Asia Minor, the Balkans, and Central Asia.

• brass
• strings
• drums
• keyboards

As you can see, the correct answer to the question of the game is: brass.

On this moment zurna is one of the instruments brass band. At the same time, it can play the role of a solo instrument.

Zurna - musical instrument rich history. This word is found in many languages: Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kurdish and even Persian. It literally translates as "holiday flute". This tool is very common in the countries of Asia Minor, the Middle and Near East, Central Asia, India and the Caucasus. Instruments related to the zurna existed in almost all countries of the world, from Japan and China to the Balkans.

What is zurna

It is a hollow wooden tube with a fairly wide socket and several holes (usually 8-9). One of the holes is on the back, like a recorder.

The Armenian zurna is no different from the Indian one. This is very interesting, usually musical instruments undergo changes in different countries, they are adjusted to the music of one or another people, but not in the case of zurna.

Range

But the zurna has a double reed, modern oboe reeds are very similar to it, which not only makes them related instruments, but also suggests that the zurna became the predecessor of the oboe. In addition, she has a bright and piercing timbre, which also puts her on a par with such instruments as the pity and cor anglais.

Zurna is a musical instrument with a range of one and a half octaves, and, importantly, both in the diatonic and chromatic scales. The lowest note that can be played on the zurn is B-flat of a small octave, and the top note is considered to be up to the third octave, but it is possible to expand the range by a few more tones. This requires special skill, and these notes beyond the usual range are called "sefir seslar" by performers.

About tree

If you ask music masters about what a zurna is, they will say that it is wooden. Therefore, the most important thing in it is wood. As a rule, zurna is made from mulberry, hazel or apricot. At the upper end (where the cane is attached) the tube has a diameter of 20 mm, and at the bottom it expands sharply to 60-65 mm. In this case, the total length usually ranges from 30 to 32 centimeters. Also in the design there is an essential detail - "masha". This is a bushing usually made from the same wood (but wild willow may be used) and is inserted into the upper end of the instrument, allowing the blade to be tuned. The mouthpiece is made of reeds and has a length of seven to ten millimeters, which is almost half as long as that of a modern oboe.

Story

What is zurna can be judged from archaeological excavations. If you believe them, then it existed already three thousand years ago: a find on the territory of modern Mingachevir, the fourth largest city in Azerbaijan, dates back to this age. Archaeologists have found four copies of the zurna, but the material was not wood, but deer antler. Copies of a related instrument, the balaban, were also found there.

The musician who plays the zurna is called zurnachi. "Usta" is a zurnachi playing a melody in an ensemble. As a rule, the group consists of three musicians, and the second zurnachi plays lingering, main notes in harmony, which makes the music related to Scottish and Irish music, where bagpipe bourdons accompany the melody with continuous monotonous sounds that create a chord. The third musician in the ensemble is the drummer, he creates a complex, intricate rhythm. In such ethnic ensembles, archaic ones, such as nagara or dhol, are used, which are large or medium drums. The drummer can beat the rhythm with one hand or use sticks.

Varieties

The question of what zurna is cannot do without a story about its varieties. As a rule, the differences between the species are insignificant and do not affect the specifics of sound extraction. Gara zurna, jura zurna, shekhabi zurna and some others are especially famous.

The zurna was commonly used for playing outdoors, due to its piercing timbre and unpretentious weather. Zurnachi alone or in an ensemble played music for rhythmic, fast dances, but indoors they preferred zurna balaban or duduk - related reed wooden wind instruments, but with a softer, velvety and mesmerizing sound. They are somewhat different from the zurna: they do not have a wide bell, the wood is more capricious, and the cane is also much wider. However, all related instruments have similar playing techniques, so it is not difficult for a skilled zurnachi to master several instruments. In 2005 music Armenian duduk was listed by UNESCO as a masterpiece of intangible cultural heritage.

Now zurna is used to perform folklore, for example, in mughamat, one of the genres of traditional Azerbaijani music, as well as during outdoor folk festivals, when dancing melodies, such as jangi, are required. In such folklore musical samples zurna is usually the soloist in an orchestra or ensemble.