Musical instruments and them. Types of musical instruments and features of their classification

Music and various sounds accompany a person all his life. We are surrounded by the sounds of the forest, the singing of birds, the sound of the sea and, of course, music. She is always with us, in hours of fun, and in moments of sadness, in sorrow and in joy, night and day. To extract sounds, man invented different kinds musical instruments. There are currently musical instruments, which are divided into several groups:

• strings;
• wind;
• drums.

The emergence of musical instruments

It is difficult now to find out how and when the first musical instrument appeared. Legend has it that the shepherd's pipe was the first to be invented Greek gods. Music accompanied and primitive people: They danced, clapped and drummed. The conclusion suggests itself that the first musical instruments were percussion instruments.

Much later people learned to do wind instruments from animal horns. Man learned to extract gentle sounds after the invention of bowed instruments.

Types of musical instruments are divided into different classes and families depending on:

• sound source;
• material of manufacture;
• timbre and type of sound;
• way to extract sounds.

Each musical instrument has its own device in order to be able to get the necessary sound. This is how the classification of musical instruments appeared. The list is constantly updated, electronic musical instruments have appeared. But live music still out of competition.

In fact, every body, if set in motion or vibration, can make a sound. This kind of sound source is used for classification.

Groups of instruments, depending on the method of obtaining sound, are divided into subgroups.

Percussion instruments

Percussion musical instruments appeared at a time when people were engaged in hunting. Percussion musical instruments were invented, the names of which are known to everyone: drums and tambourines. They were made from dried skins and hollow objects: fruits, wooden blocks, clay pots. To obtain sound, they beat percussion instruments with fingers, palms or special sticks. That is, percussion musical instruments are instruments in which sounds are extracted with the help of blows, shaking, hammers, sticks or palms.

Today, percussion is the most numerous family of musical instruments. They are divided into two groups according to their pitch:

• indefinite pitch - drums, there - there, cymbals, tambourine, triangle, castanets;
• a certain pitch - bells, timpani, vibraphone, xylophone.

wind instruments

Wind musical instruments - a type of instrument in which sound arises from the vibration of air in a tube. Classified by manufacturer, material and methods of sound production. This category can be divided into:

• wooden - flute, fanot, oboe;
• brass - trombone, trumpet, tuba, horn.

Stringed instruments

Stringed musical instruments are a group of instruments in which the vibration of strings is the source of sound. String instruments are divided into:

• plucked - harp, guitar, dombra, balalaika, dombra, sitar, harp;
• bowed - violin, viola, cello, double bass;
• percussion - piano, cymbals,

At the beginning of the 20th century, electric musical instruments appeared. The first such tool is theremin, was invented in 1917. Today, numerous modern sound synthesizers have been created that can imitate not only the sound of many well-known musical instruments, but also reproduce all kinds of sounds - thunder, birdsong, the sound of an airplane or a passing train. As a rule, synthesizers are issued with a piano keyboard.

Video: Gordon Hunt, Saint-Saëns Oboe Sonata

Music comes into our life early age. Almost everyone had musical toys, metallophone or wooden pipe. After all, it is possible to play elementary compositions on them.

And it is from childhood that we take the first steps towards truly real music. Currently, there are many special places for kids, where they are provided with such "children's" tools and give free rein to their imagination. Such music classes children can even create their own symphony orchestra, no matter how strange it may sound. This is what is initial stage opening the whole fantastic world of music.

It is possible to pick up and purchase instruments in the MusicMarket.by online store on its official website https://musicmarket.by/. For sale are different types instruments: percussion, wind, folk, studio and sound equipment, bowed, keyboard instruments and others.

wind instruments

The principle of their work is that the air oscillates inside the tube, after which a sound is emitted.

There are also two subgroups of wind: wooden tools and copper. The first can be attributed. such as oboe, flute and clarinet. They are a tube, on one side of which there are holes. With the help of holes, the musician regulates the volume of air inside, due to which the sound changes.

The brass instruments include the trumpet, trombone, and saxophone. These wind instruments are used when playing in orchestras. The sound they make primarily depends on the strength of the blown air and the lips of the musician. In order to get more tones, special valve valves are provided, the principle of operation of which is similar to woodwind instruments.

Stringed instruments

The sound of stringed instruments depends on the vibration of the strings, the prototype of which was the stretched bowstring. Depending on the way of playing, the group of instruments is divided into bowed (violin, cello, viola) and plucked (guitar, lute, balalaika).

Keyboard instruments

One of the first keyboard instruments clavichords and harpsichords are considered. But the piano was created only in the XVIII century. Its name literally stands for "loud-quiet".

This group includes an organ, which is singled out as a separate subgroup of keyboard and wind instruments. The air flow in it is created by a blower, and the control is carried out using a special control panel.

Percussion instruments

The sound of this group is created by striking the stretched membrane of the instrument or the body of the instrument itself. There is also a special subgroup of percussion instruments that produce a sound with a certain pitch, such as timpani, bells and xylophones.

reed instruments

Tools of this group are made in such a way that one side is made of solid material, and the other is in free vibration. These instruments include jew's harps and accordions.

Many musical instruments can belong to several groups, such as button accordion, clarinet.

Electronic instruments

Music on such instruments is created using electronic systems, for which specialized programs are created.

The division of musical instruments into these groups is rather conditional. It is more important to distinguish them in appearance.

Note. The suggested answer lists more tools for reference than the contributor can list. The response may include attempt

more detailed systematization(division brass strings keyboards

percussion on with fixed and non-fixed pitch).

The suggested answer to item 3 of task 4 is given to show how the answer can be evaluated. Participants have the right to give answers in their own logic with their own examples.

Music has special language: bypassing words, she is able to convey feelings, thus blurring the lines between people, overcoming time s and spatial barriers. But music affects a person at the time of its sound and therefore belongs to the time s m types of art. The painter, conveying the impact of music on a person, invests musical instruments into the hands of characters: angels and gods, depicts them against the backdrop of the sky. Ru position k conveys the tenderness of the touch to the instruments and creates a premonition of the finest harmonies. Musical harmony the artist conveys color combination expressive, but not flashy. Thus, through gesture, color, composition, the artist strives to convey the impression of piece of music. Musical flight and elusiveness, the material incorporeality of music, the artist conveys translucency angelic wings light and powerful at the same time.

The power of musical impact and the universality of the language of music contemporary artist conveys through a fantasy composition in which the mythological Orpheus makes the wild animals obey the musical order, obediently surrounding the musician and listening to the harmonious

Another way of pictorially embodying a musical impression is to convey the musical flow through glare, glow, play of tones and shades, which is demonstrated in the work of Alexander Maranov, who recreated the portrait of the brilliant virtuoso violinist Nicolo Paganini, existing on the canvas surrounded by musical flows.

Response analysis and evaluation

1. The participant correctly names 4 musical instruments depicted in these fragments. 2 points for each correct name = 8 points. If instead

tympanum is indicated by a tambourine, 1 point is set. If instead of a viola it is called

the violin is given 1 point.

2. Member

a. Names 4 groups of musical instruments. 2 points for each correct name = 8 points;

b. names 30 musical instruments, correctly attributing them to the group.

2 points for each correct name = 60 points.

Note. The intended answer lists more tools for reference. If the response contains an attempt at a more detailed systematization(division brass on copper, wooden, folk, symphony orchestra; strings on plucked, bowed, folk; keyboards for keyboard-strings, keyboard-pneumatic, percussion with fixed and non-fixed pitch) for the answer, 2 additional points can be awarded for naming each group of a more detailed systematization, but in such a way that overall score for this part of the task did not exceed 60 points.

3. Member

a. coherently and logically explains his point of view on the question posed.

2 points, (if the answer contains logical miscalculations, speech and grammatical errors, points are not awarded);

b. names two qualities of music as a temporary art form: special

language, sound in time. 2 points for each correct name = 4 points,

c. names 3 possibilities of painting in conveying a musical impression

(composition, color, position of the figures). 2 points for each correct name = 6 points;

d. calls 4 compositional reception by analyzing the data of the work. 2 points for each correct name = 8 points;

e. names 5 coloristic features of the analyzed works. 2 points for each correct name = 10 points;

Find a trade organization where you can buy musical instruments, including for children. not difficult, knowing exactly what you need, and also if you live in Moscow, St. Petersburg or another large city. There are a lot of stores in which they are available for sale, most of them have their own website. After reviewing the assortment lists and prices on the websites of such music salons, as well as their territorial location, you can make a choice and call them in order to clarify what may have remained unclear. These may be the conditions of order and delivery, availability the right tool opportunity to get the necessary advice. You will really need it if you do not have enough experience and you find it difficult to independently decide on the purchase of a particular model. In the store, it will be possible, for example, to evaluate how a guitar or piano sounds while listening to a game on it.

In small settlements the choice is smaller, therefore, it is quite possible that you will need to go or order what you need, at least to the nearest regional center, having previously found out if the necessary goods are in stock.

Types of musical instruments and their most famous representatives

As a rule, a list of types of musical instruments presented in stores specializing in the sale of these wonderful items allows gifted people show their talents, create and implement a variety of creative ideas, things that we uniquely associate with something magical and beautiful make up the following categories: guitars, folk, bowed, keyboard and wind instruments, percussion and percussion, as well as harmonics.

Let's list the musical instruments belonging to each of the above categories.

What are the guitars?

The main types of guitars include the following varieties:

• Acoustic guitars and their subspecies such as classical, Spanish, Hawaiian, with metal and nylon strings.
• Electro-acoustic guitars with various pickups and piezo pickups that allow you to pick up sound, including from instruments equipped with nylon strings.
• Electric guitars without a hollow body, which require an amplifier and an acoustic cabinet to produce a sound, and their semi-acoustic subspecies with a smaller volume than acoustic, but still present body.
• Ordinary bass guitars with a different number of strings and neck arrangement, as well as their electro-acoustic variants.

Photos of these popular musical instruments of different types.

Categories of keyboards

In addition to classic grand pianos and pianos, the range of modern music salons includes electric organs, synthesizers, midi keyboards, as well as digital pianos and pianoforte. In addition, useful electronic instruments used by many musicians, such as rhythm machines, samplers and sequencers, are on sale.

Drums, percussion and accessories group

In the first paragraphs of the lists of instruments in this category are drum kits, orchestral drums, various elements of percussion and noise. You can also buy separately pedals, cymbals, drums, various racks and other accessories. Electronic drums range from drum kits and drum machines to compact pad trainers with included practice lessons that can be used for other purposes, such as recording drum parts.

Popular wind instruments from trumpet and oboe to flute and clarinet What wood and metal wind instruments do modern musical groups use? There are more than a dozen of them: pipes, clarinets, flute, bassoons, violas, fanfare, tenor, baritones, oboes, sousaphones, yuphoniums, horns, forges. Bowed string instruments double basses, cello, violas, violins, electric violin. Harmonics and digital accordions and button accordions accordion, bayans, accordions, digital accordions and button accordions. Folk musical instruments Folk instruments are not only Russian, but also associated with other countries, including: balalaikas, harp, banjo, domra, ukulele, latin american guitars, mandolins, good, harmonicas.

Conditions for renting musical instruments

Since musical instruments are not the cheapest pleasure, and besides, there are many other objective reasons why it is more profitable to rent them. Rental of equipment and tools in Moscow and other cities is widely practiced.

Not every group has its own rehearsal space and the way out of the situation may be renting one. In addition to directly renting the premises with equipment for temporary use, organizations providing such services also provide other related services. Work, as a rule, is built flexibly, the range of services is quite wide and varied.

On mutually beneficial terms, you will be offered as separate units of sound equipment in most cases known reasons well-known brands, amplifiers, amps, stands, consoles, microphones, etc., as well as ready-made sets of equipment formed based on the experience and requests of customers. For regular customers, as a rule, there is a system of discounts.

Equipment is often provided famous musicians, stars, actors and provides high-quality sound.

Approximate prices for the rental of tools can be found on the pages of the website of the organization providing such services. For example, a set of equipment for a concert, corporate or other event, disco, presentation, wedding, etc., which requires sound amplification up to 1000 W, including acoustic systems, signal processing devices, microphones, players will cost about 8 tons .R. (300 ye).

In addition to direct rent, services are provided for the installation of equipment, sound engineering and maintenance of a holiday, disco, exhibition, etc.

View offers, as well as report on the sale or purchase of new, used. or commission musical instruments with their description you can on the bulletin board of the site.
In the same place, advertising of organizations providing services for setting them up and learning to play them is placed free of charge.

Modern high-quality sound equipment

Broadcast and conference equipment, concert equipment

Music is an amazing thing. Its sounds can touch the deepest nooks and crannies of human nature. A cheerful melody makes people dance, meekly obeying the irresistible influence of its intricate patterns. Some music, on the contrary, makes you feel sadness and sadness, carefully invested by the author in every note of the work. Good song is a journey into the musician, where he, like a guide, will lead the listener through the beautiful or terrifying depths of his soul. The sound of music pours out that which cannot be expressed in words.

Music in antiquity

Mankind has been familiar with the art of music for a long time. Archaeologists are constantly finding different types of musical instruments in the places where our ancestors lived. It is assumed that the first instruments were percussion instruments. They allowed you to set the rhythm necessary for the same type of work or achievement. Some finds indicate that wind instruments also have their roots in ancient times.

With the development of civilization, people's preferences also changed. Musical instruments have constantly progressed, they have become more complex and sophisticated, bringing variety and novelty to cultural life person. Great musicians were revered and bestowed with generous gifts, which indicates their high status in society.

The place of music in the modern world

Over time, music became an integral part of the life of not only idle nobles, but also ordinary people who composed songs about their difficult fate. It can be assumed that the art of music has accompanied mankind since time immemorial and will accompany it until the last representative of our species leaves this mortal world.

Today, hundreds of different musical instruments are available to musicians. Anyone who decides to take up music will be able to choose an instrument to their liking. However, no matter how bizarre the forms modern devices to create music, most of them can be classified as percussion, strings or brass. Let's take a closer look at the main types of musical instruments.

Wind musical instruments

Wind instruments have firmly taken their place in the hearts of music lovers. How in classical works, as well as in modern musical compositions, their mesmerizing sound continues to delight listeners. There are different types of wind musical instruments. Basically they are divided into wooden and copper.

Wooden instruments produce different sounds by shortening the airflow through the instrument. A great example of such an instrument is the flute. In it, by opening or closing the holes on the body, you can make the sound higher or lower. Such instruments appeared quite a long time ago and were originally made of wood, which was the reason for their name. These include oboe, clarinet and saxophone.

To the sound copper tools affects the strength of the air flow and the position of the lips of the musician. The main material from which these tools are made is metal. Most brass instruments are made from brass or copper, but there are exotic options in silver. Initially, such instruments could only produce sounds, but over time they acquired mechanisms that allow them to extract chromatic tones. Most well-known representatives brass instruments can be called a tuba, trombone, horn, and various types of this type can diversify any composition with its bright and rich sound.

Huge popularity in modern society use stringed musical instruments. In them, the sound is extracted due to the vibration of the string and amplified by the body. There are various types of musical instruments that use strings to create sound, but all of them can be classified as plucked, bowed or percussion.

In order to create music, a string pluck is used. Outstanding representatives plucked are such popular instruments like guitar, double bass, banjo, harp. Bowed instruments differ from their plucked counterparts in that they use a bow to strike notes. It slides over the strings, making them vibrate. Violin, viola, cello - the most famous bowed instruments. The most popular percussion stringed instrument- piano. In it, notes are extracted by hitting a small wooden mallet on stretched string. For the convenience of playing, musicians are provided with a keyboard interface, where each key corresponds to its own note.

musical instruments

It's hard to imagine modern musical ensemble without percussion. They set the rhythm of the entire composition, create the pulse of the song. The rest of the musicians in the band follow the rhythm set by the drummer. Therefore, one of the oldest and most important means of creating music is rightfully considered percussion types musical instruments.

Percussion instruments are divided into membranophones and idiophones. In membranophones, sound is extracted from a membrane stretched over the body of the instrument. These include such popular representatives music world like a tambourine, drums, timpani, bongos, djembe and countless other instruments. In idiophones, the sound is produced by the entire instrument or the instrument consists of many sounding elements. different heights. For example, xylophone, vibraphone, bells, gong, triangle are just a few examples of idiophones.

Finally

Whatever type of musical instrument you choose, the main thing to remember is that the music is created not by the instrument, but by the musician. good musician will extract a beautiful melody from empty cans, but even the most expensive instrument will not help someone who does not like music sound good.