How names were born in ancient times. Origin of names in Rus'

The name of a person is the first thing that identifies him and distinguishes him from others. Many are now addicted to various interpretations of certain personal data, and the name here is in one of the first places. There are even specialists who, by name, predict the fate, character, personal qualities of a person. Therefore, it becomes very interesting how the names appeared, what they were at the very beginning, how they were transformed over time.

ancient names

In the earliest ancient society, when a person realized that it was easier to live together, it became necessary to call out from this “together” for one thing. It was not always possible to approach and knock on the back, and the voice data developed successfully. So the primitive man learned to call his comrade with the voice, not the whole tribe, mind you, but one. And at this stage it was already necessary to decide how to make it clear who exactly was called. It turned out that everything is very simple. The man named everything around him, and at the same time his comrades. The sun is Ra, which means that the red-haired man in the tribe is also Ra. Water drips from the sky from a cloud - Dazhd, which means a person whose eyes are always in a wet place - Dazhd. Everything was very simple, but we are wondering where the names came from!

Names of the first civilizations

During the birth of civilizations, the attitude to name-formation completely changed. Parents gave the child a name consonant with the qualities that they would like to see in their child. Vladimir - owns the world, Svyatoslav - glorifies the saints. These are Russian variants of names. In Europe and on other continents, the same thing happened, only in other languages. In Greek, Alexander is a conqueror, Pavel is small, Elena is bright. These names have come down to us, having undergone some minor transformations in sound from the most ancient times, from the very birth of cultural civilizations.

Pagan names of the peoples of the world

Many nationalities came up with names for their children with meaning, hoping that the meaning inherent in the name would help the child through life. For example, do you want to know how the name Kizlyarbas appeared? It literally translates as “no more girls”, his fathers gave long-awaited boys born in Tajik families. The Semitic name Nebu-bulit means "Oh heaven, give me life!", a very telling name. But the girl named Dzedumilla was supposed to be sweet for her grandfather all her life.

And the pagans called children the name of some animal, so that the child would be similar in strength and dexterity to him. For example, the wolf, revered in many nations, gave the world many names derived from this word: Vuk, Wilk, Wolf, Lupul, Vovk, Wolfgang, Vilkolaz. And these are only European derivatives!

Modern names in Russia

Fortunately, the time has passed when in Russia, paying tribute to fashion, they called children completely unthinkable names! In the 40-50s of the last century, the male name Mels (Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin) was very popular. And what about Electrification, Oktyabrina, Cosmos, Iskra, Academy, Antenna, Vladlena (Vladimir Lenin). And there were many such names. All this was a tribute to the time, no one puzzled over the question, why did the names appear, what should they mean? Tyap-bloop, and the name is ready. Then primordially Russian names began to return, and even completely non-Russian names. But all of them were really names, and not abbreviations invented on the topic of the day.

"History of the Surname" - The church name Nikita served as the basis for the surname Nikitin. Many outstanding figures of science. Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin. Chekhov Anton Pavlovich The surname is of great importance for every person. The origin of the surname of the composer Rimsky-Korsakov. The old surname Nikitin is one of the most popular today.

“Meaning of the name” - MARIA The meaning of the name is “bitter”, “beloved”, “stubborn” (Hebrew). Katya - soul society, Charming, open. Makarov Venya. He likes to play hopscotch and sunbathe in the sun. Running and cycling Kolya loves since childhood. Venya has been growing kind since childhood And always ready to help. EUGENE The meaning of the name is "Noble" (ancient Greek).

"A name for a child" - The Eskimos changed their name even after an unsuccessful hunt. Open the veil of secrecy in the history of names. Bibliography. Enrich your knowledge in the field of proper names. And in order for the cramp to let go, you need to pronounce the name of your father. Yermoshka is rich: there is a ram and a cat. Where did the names in the periodic table come from? The same thing happens when people exchange names.

"The origin of the surname" - a Russified version of the Ossetian name Dzekh; Polish origin; ancient origin. Distribution of surnames in Europe (X-XI century). Surnames were given from the names of church parishes (Uspensky, Trinity, Epiphany). Poor people. Distribution of surnames in Europe (XV century). Fig.6. Assumption Cathedral, Moscow.

"Name" - What do you know about your names? Which of the great people bore such a name? How has the list of the most popular and rarest names changed in history? Who comes up with the names? Are there any documents containing a list of names? Where did your name come from? Who among those bearing this name do you consider the most outstanding and why?

"What does the name mean" - What does your name mean? The name Olga is of Scandinavian origin. The name Tatyana comes from the word Tatius - from the name of the Sabine king. The Latin name for a rose, which has become a female name. The role of a name in a person's life is very great. The name Alina is quiet and calm. The ancient tribes that lived in the European part of Russia, Alena, were also called.

The origin of the names goes back to ancient times and is covered with a layer of various legends. The exact time when the “proper names” group began to be distinguished is not known, but already in the 3rd century BC, the philosopher Chrysippus attributed them to a separate group of words.

Imagine the time when people lived in caves, ran a joint household, knew nothing about medicine and the world outside their settlements. When a person only began to give a name to the things around him, he was surprised and studied the nature of being.

The first names were not invented specifically to refer to a specific person, people used various words for this: the names of animals, natural phenomena, plants, seasons, celestial bodies, gods, etc. (Willow, River, Wolf, Rain). But ancient mysterious names were often given to people based on: character traits, appearance, lifestyle, features, behavior, etc. (Nose, Talker, Wanderer). So, the tallest man in the settlement could be called - Rock, and the quietest - Mouse.

People in ancient times began to understand that the name given to a person can influence his fate in various ways. Then they began to choose names that would mean something good. In African and Indian tribes, children were called so that the name sounded repulsive, scaring away evil spirits and evil spirits.

Also in history, there was a rather frequent phenomenon when a child had two names: one was known only to him and his parents, and the other was a common one that everyone could call.

Few people know that in China, a child received his first name at birth, the second - when he entered school, and the third (adult) - after adulthood.

In ancient Greece, parents named babies after heroes, gods, and important figures in history. They believed that then the child would inherit their greatness, strength and those qualities that the heroes possessed. But people, naming the child as one of the gods, often feared the Almighty. Therefore, for everyday appeal to the gods, they used a variety of epithets, from which some of the names known to us originated: Alexander - "protector", Victor - "winner", Laurus - "in honor of Mars", wearing a laurel branch, or Stefan, in Slavic languages turned into Stepan, which means "crowned", since many gods wore wreaths.

Sometimes, however, the children were named the same as the gods, but not the main ones, but the secondary ones: Aurora, Muse. Superstitious pagans hoped that the best qualities and abilities of these gods would pass to their child along with the name. And, perhaps, they hoped that the gods would even bring a gift to their family in the form of a good harvest or good health.

The history of the origin of names is not always as simple as it seems. We do not always know where this or that name came from. Even if we ourselves are its carriers.

Many people think that such names as: Maria (Masha), Ivan (Vanya) are primordially Russian. This is a delusion, because they, like many others, familiar to hearing, came from other languages ​​and peoples.

Among the widely used names, there are many that have Greek, Scandinavian, Hebrew, Latin and other roots.

After the adoption of Christianity and the departure of paganism, more and more foreign names with deep meaning began to penetrate into our culture: Nikita - "winner", Alexei - "defender", Elena - "bright", Eugene - "noble" and so on.

Perhaps we consider them to be primordially Russian, since they are often used in folklore, fairy tales and legends familiar to us from childhood.

But there is also a wide variety of original Russian names that have survived to this day: Lyudmila - “dear to people”, Yaroslav - “glorifying Yarila”, Vladimir - “owning the world”, Vsevolod - “owning everything”, Zlata - “golden” and even a huge the number of such examples can be found by studying the history of Rus'. Today, these names are gaining popularity again, because many people want to return to the authenticity of family values ​​and the history of their people.

It is interesting and important to know that people with strange or very funny names are more likely than others to suffer from various mental illnesses.

Remember: it will always be useful to find out the origin, meaning and secret meaning of the nickname. Knowing the historical names may help you understand yourself a little better. You will know what you are capable of, and, most importantly, you will be able to choose a name with a good story for your child. Do not forget that by naming a child, you endow him with certain qualities, so you should carefully approach the choice of a name and figure out where it came from.

Konyukhov Timofey, Trofimova Anna

Even in ancient times, people faced the problem of how to address each other.

We are used to calling everyone by their first names, but a person’s name did not arise by chance.

We wanted to know:

1. when and how the names originated;
2. whence they came to our language;
3. what our names mean.

Therefore, we devoted our research work to the study of the history of names in Russia and in the city of Berezovsky.

The purpose of our work - study the history of names.

Research objectives. To achieve the goal of their work, the following tasks were set:

• consider the evolutionary development of names;
• explore which names were popular and rare in the past and now;
• find out what our names mean.

Research methods:

• study and analysis of literary sources;
• study of names in the kindergarten "Firefly" and in the MOU "Secondary School No. 2";
• questioning of children and statistical processing of the results of the questioning;
• work with archival documents of the registry office of the city of Berezovsky.

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Introduction. 3-4

1. Name history. 5-10

1.1. History of Russian names. 5-8

1.2. The name determines the fate. 9-10

2. What do the names mean. 11-13

2.1. The meaning of names. 11-12

2.2. Me and my name. 13

3. Study of names. 14-18

3.1. Study of the names of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 2". 14-16

3.2. A study of the names of children in the kindergarten "Firefly". 17

3.3. Work with archival documents of the city registry office. 18

Conclusion 19

Literature 20

Introduction

Even in ancient times, people faced the problem of how to address each other.

We are used to calling everyone by their first names, but a person’s name did not arise by chance.

We wanted to know:

• when and how the names originated;
• whence they came to our language;
• what our names mean.

Therefore, we devoted our research work to the study of the history of names in Russia and in the city of Berezovsky.

The purpose of our work- study the history of names.

Research objectives.To achieve the goal of their work, the following tasks were set:

1. consider the evolutionary development of names;
2. explore which names were popular and rare in the past and now;
3. find out what our names mean.

Research methods:

• study and analysis of literary sources;
• study of names in the kindergarten "Firefly" and in the MOU "Secondary School No. 2";
• questioning of children and statistical processing of the results of the questioning;
• work with archival documents of the registry office of the city of Berezovsky.

Research base.MOU "Secondary School No. 2", kindergarten "Firefly", Berezovsky, Kemerovo Region.

After systematizing and processing all the material, we made a conclusion. We summarized the results obtained and displayed them in this paper.

The relevance of our workis as follows: we have summarized data for many years, which names were popular in our city in the past and which names are popular now, which of them are rare.

Practical useis that we ourselves have learned a lot on the topic “Names”, with this work we can speak to the children of our school at the lessons of history, foreign language, literature, class hours, and also replenish the fund of the city and school museums.

1. History of names.

1.1. History of Russian names.

There was a custom in the old days:

They took the baby to church. There,

Pointing your finger at the pages of the saints,

Pop gave names by day.

If you were born on the day of Yefim,

It is named after that.

But if on the day of Jerome,

That - like it or not - Jerome!

M. Vladimov.

The names of people are part of the history of peoples. They reflect the life, beliefs, aspirations, fantasies and artistic creativity of peoples, their historical contacts.

At all times and among all peoples, the name played an important role in the communication of people. Russian names have an interesting history. Some of them lived a long life and survived to our time, others appeared quite recently. We are used to calling everyone by their first names, but a person’s name did not arise by chance. Years passed before the ancient people came up with a way to distinguish an individual from the crowd, referring to him by name.

There were many names in Ancient Rus'. They seem ridiculous to us now, but they noted the most characteristic signs or external features of a person: Svetlana, Chernava, Chernysh, Belyak, any properties of a newborn: Silent, Neulyba, Piskun, Jumper, Lobik.

(Appendix 1. p.2)

There were names that reflected the order of the appearance of children: First, Elder, Second, Tretiak, Chetvertunya, Fifth ... Others reflected the seasons: Winter, Veshnyak, natural phenomena: Blizzard, Frost, Christian holidays: Postnik, Meat-Eater.(Appendix 1. p.1)

Along with names, nicknames were common. They always reflected certain properties, qualities of a person or his occupation: Fisherman, Dyak, Balagur, Literate, Buffoon, Praying Mantis.

There were nicknames that indicated origin from a certain area or nationality: Muromets, Peasant, Kazan, Novozhil, Nesvoy, Tatar. There were nicknames that came from the name of the food: Kovriga, Borsch, Sugar. Many of the nicknames have turned into surnames.

There were also names of a different order, dating back to ancient beliefs. These are “bad” names that were allegedly able to ward off evil spirits, illness, death: Nemil, Nekras, Dislike, Neustroy, Malice, Old ...

The origin of Russian names is closely connected with the history of the country. Even in the annals of the 11th century, one can find well-known names (Oleg, Igor, Gleb, Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Olga) and unfamiliar ones (Rurik, Askold, Budimir, Luchezar, Milolika, Gorislava). From these names breathes antiquity, heroic and glorious campaigns of ancient Russian princes.

Even in pagan times, Christian names appeared on the East Slavic lands, which were brought by the Varangians, called to Rus'. It is known that the warriors from the squad of Prince Igor were Christians.

At that historical time, three groups of names were used in Rus': simple and dual-basic Old Slavic names (Bazhen, Vladimir, Svyatoslav, Lada, Lyudmila), Scandinavian names that have become familiar (Oleg, Igor, Olga, Askold) and names used by the church (Ivan, Fedor , Elena).

Interestingly, the Russian name Ivan has many relatives scattered all over the world: the English name John, the German Johannes, Johann, the French Jean, the Italian Giovanni, the Swedish Johan, the Danish Jens, the Spanish Juan, the Arabic Johanna ...

With the adoption of Christianity from Byzantium, Bulgaria, the countries of the West and the Middle East, new calendar names came to Rus' (Anisim, Anna, Maria, Elizabeth).

At baptism, a person was given a second, calendar name - ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Old Persian and others.

A foreign name was incomprehensible to a Russian person, they used it only in documents, but did not use it in everyday life. For example, in the documents Stefan, John, Glukerya, Xenia, and in everyday life Stepan, Ivan, Lukerya, Aksinya. The church branded the ancient Russian names as pagan.

At baptism, the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir was given the name Vasily, Princess Olga - Elena, Prince Yaropolk - Peter ...

In the 17th-19th centuries, the lists of calendar names were revised and their number increased. There were about 900 male names, and 250 female names.

The old calendar names are varied.

Some names stand out from the general mass as very short: Yves, Or, Iya, Agn, Var, Guy, Day, Leo, Cyrus, Ada, Aza, Eve, Zoya, Leah ...

The shortest also include monosyllabic names: Vass, Vlas, Gleb, Karp, Klim, Lavr, Maur, Mark ...

The longest and most difficult to pronounce, almost never found in our time, are: Exakustodian, Nyctopolian, Asclepiodotus, Thessaloniki.

As a result of a number of transformations, a set of paired names was obtained, i.e. those that can belong to both women and men:

Agniy - Agnia, Anastasy - Anastasia, Cyrus - Kira, Nataly - Natalia, Alexander - Alexandra, Eugene - Eugene ...

In the 18-19 centuries, calendar names acquired a foreign sound, as French and English were used in high society. As a result, Peter turned into Pierre, Natalya into Natalie, Nikolai into Nicolas, Nadezhda into Nadine, Elizabeth into Betsy. At that time, many were already giving children euphonious foreign names, and baptism was treated as formal.

Among modern Russian names there are Old Russian ones, as well as those created after the October Revolution.

Then society tried to do away with the old life and create everything new, including names. (Spark, Revolution, Genius, Radium, Electron, Grace, Will). These names did not stick. They also gave names according to the names of the months: October, November, Maya. The most popular were the names formed from several first or initial letters of the leaders' names: Vladlen (Vladimir Lenin), Marlene (Marx, Lenin), Donara (daughter of the people).

If only you are smart

Don't let the guys

So fancy names

Like Proton and Atom.

Mother wanted to please

Blonde daughter.

That's what I thought to call

Daughter Dictatorship.

Though her family called her

Dita for short

On the parents of the ball

The girl is angry.

For another father was looking for

The name is smarter

And he finally called

Daughter his Idea.

Called mother and sister

Girl Idea.

And the guys from the yard

They began to call the Indian.

………………………

Let father and mother understand

What's up with this nickname

Age will have to age

Unfortunate children...

S. Marshak. "In defense of children".

Currently, 95% of Russian people have old traditional Russian calendar names. Among these names there are widely known, and there are rare, unfamiliar ones.

In the "Dictionary of Russian Personal Names" by N.A. Petrakovsky, there are about 2600 names. This number includes Old Slavic, calendar and modern names. An ordinary person hardly knows more than 500 names. The reason for this is the fashion for names. In Russian nomenology, this fashion changes after about 10-20 years.

Common names (Alexander, Andrey, Viktor, Sergey, Marina, Natalya, Tatyana) are supplemented by previously little-used names (Anton, Arkhip, Zakhar, Daria, Zlata) and very beautiful Old Slavic names (Vseslav, Ladimir, Lubomir, Milolika).

1.2. The name determines the fate.

“There is no such word in the language that, in terms of its influence on your character and destiny, in terms of the power of expressing feelings, in terms of usage, could be compared with your name. The name can sound like a request or an order, like a reproach or approval, like a slap or caress. Pierre Rouge.

The power of the name is great, and this has been known since the time when the first people learned to speak. They did not doubt that the whole life of a person and an entire community is predestined and contained in a name.

In ancient times, people perceived names materially, as an integral part of a person. They hid their names from their enemies, believing that knowing the name alone was enough to harm someone. Sometimes they wrote the names of their enemies on their heels in order to trample them while walking and thereby do evil to the bearers of these names.

And among the Indians of the Kwakiutl tribe, a person borrowing had to leave as a pledge not something, but ... his name! And until he repays the debt, all members of the tribe considered this man nameless and did not call him by name.

No one can better choose a name for a child than the one who will feed the baby, take care of him and educate him - his mother. Only the mother has the right to decide what name her baby will bear.

To give a name meant to give a destiny that could not be changed. The name is a kind of code. The one who has this code has power over the person himself.

The name has a special meaning at the first meeting. The most ancient and deepest meaning of acquaintance is that, by revealing his name, a person gives another person great trust - "I know that, knowing my name, you will not harm me."

Knowing the name made it possible to influence fate. The name is like a formula for happiness and health. Each name carries a store of energy. The “stronger” the name, the more possibilities dormant in us will be manifested, the more fully the personality will be realized.

Sometimes people decide to change their name, or take a pseudonym for themselves. The most common reason for this is that the name causes ridicule among others. (Grace Neumytova, Belyan Gryaznova, Rudolf Stepanovich ...) In such cases, the name most often does not really suit this person. You can have a very beautiful name, but feel as bad with it as in badly tailored clothes. Hence the desire to change it.

But we should not forget that the change of name entails a break with the past, the beginning of movement in a new direction. It's like a new birth.

Most often, actors change their names and surnames so that the name sounds better, is easier to remember. There are examples when a name change had a beneficial effect on a person’s fate, but there were also unsuccessful and even dramatic cases.

Any of us knows and remembers, and sometimes does not realize that these are not real names and surnames: Stanislavsky, Arkady Gaidar, Maxim Gorky, Mark Twain, Lenin, Stalin ...

2. What do the names mean.

2.1. The meaning of names.

"My name is Alice and I...

Pretty stupid name! - impatiently

Humpty interrupted her. – What does it mean?

Is the name supposed to mean anything?

asked a perplexed Alice.

Without a doubt, Humpty Dumpty snorted.

L. Carroll. " Alice in the Wonderland».

In history lessons in grade 3, we learned that each name means something. We wanted to better understand this issue. We read special literature, encyclopedias.

For example, Greek and Roman names emphasized moral and physical dignity in people..(Appendix 2. p.1)

Greek names:

Andrew - "courageous"

Alexander - "protector"

Alexey - "protective"

Eugene - "noble"

Nikita - "winner"

Tikhon - "happy"

Zoya - "life"

Elena - "sparkling"

Sophia - "wise"

Galina - "calm"

Aksinya - "alien"

Angelina - "messenger"

Anastasia - "reborn"

Larisa - "seagull"

Roman names:

Victor - "winner"

Valery - "healthy, strong"

Marina - "sea"

Natalya - "native"

Maxim - "the greatest"

Vialetta - "little violet"

Margarita - "pearl"

Stele - "star"

Hebrew names:

Michael - "equal to God"

Elijah - "the power of God"

Elizabeth - "an oath to God"

Susanna - "white lily"

Daniel - "judgment of God"

Ivan - "God's favor"

Maria - "bitter, mistress"

Anna - "mercy"

Old Slavic names:

Vladimir - "owning the world"

Vyacheslav - "more glorious"

Stanislav - "glorious for his fortress"

Zlata - "golden"

Faith is a translation of the Greek. Them. Pistis

Lada - "sweet, perfect"

Lyudmila - "dear to people"

Scandinavian names:

Oleg - "holy, sacred"

Olga - "saint"

We asked the students of our school if they knew what their names meant. Almost none of them knew this, and many became interested in learning more about their name.

2.2. Me and my name.

We learned what other people's names mean. It became interesting to us, what do our names mean - Anna and Timofey.

Anna is a Hebrew name meaning "mercy." Also, this name is characterized by such positive qualities as a sense of duty, kindness, caring. She achieves great success in her studies. She has a sharp mind and a wonderful memory. But there are also negative qualities, imperiousness, the desire to solve everything at once. This name was worn by queens, empresses, singers, ballerinas, poetesses.

Timothy is a Greek name meaning "one who worships God."

Also, this name is characterized by such positive qualities as love of life, independence, knows how to stand up for himself. Timofey thinks quickly and grasps information on the fly. He can prove himself a good organizer, friendly to people. But there are also negative qualities, cunning, hypocrisy. This name was borne by the disciple of the Apostle Paul, bishop, historian, surgeon.

3. Study of names.

Sergeys, Andreys, Ivans,

Irinami, Marinami, Tatyana

Now they are trying to name the children.

And there was a time - strange names

They were given by their father and mother ...

E. Dolmatovsky.

3.1. Study of the names of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 2".

We conducted a study of the names of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 2".

The school has 485 students who were born from 1992 to 2001. What names were given to children in these years?

The most popular male names of these years:

• Alexander - 21 people
• Andrey - 16 people
• Alexey - 16 people
• Dmitry - 14 people
• Artyom - 12 people
• Maxim - 12 people
• Sergey - 10 people
• Kirill -10 people
• Vladimir - 8 people
• Ivan - 8 people

The rarest male names are Anton, Anatoly, Akim, Boris, Valentin, Victor, Matvey, Gleb, Grigory, Georgy, Semyon, Timur, Leonid, Oleg, Timofey, Philip, Fedor, Yuri (for - 1 person).

The most popular female names of these years:

• Ekaterina - 18 people

• Anastasia - 16 people
• Natalia - 13 people
• Christina - 11 people

• Daria - 10 people

• Svetlana - 10 people
• Anna - 9 people.
• Olga - 9 people
• Elizabeth - 8 people
• Tatyana - 7 people

The rarest female names are Albina, Antonida, Varvara, Vialetta, Karina, Larisa, Lyudmila, Marina, Nina, Olesya, Polina, Tamara, Ulyana (1 person each).

We also conducted a survey of students on the following questions:

1. Do you like your name? (Not really).

We received the following responses:

Conclusions: According to the responses, we see that the majority of students in our school like their names (65%), but there are children who do not like their names (25%), they even suggested other names for themselves that they would like to have. And 10% did not think about their name.

We were very pleased and even surprised by the students' answers to the second question (Which names do you like and which do not?). Many called little-used Old Slavic names. From the answers it is clear that the guys like beautiful, sonorous names. I would like to hope that when they have their own children, they will bear just such names.

It is also interesting that the most popular female name in school is Ekaterina, but it is on the list of names that people don’t like. The students said that there are a lot of children with the same names at school, and they don't like it very much.

3.2. Research of the names of children of the kindergarten "Firefly".

We conducted a study of the names of the children of the kindergarten "Firefly". There are 143 children in the kindergarten who were born in 2002-2006. What names were given to children in these years?

The most popular male names are

• Danil - 7 people.
• Ilya - 6 people.
• Alexander - 6 people
• Denis - 5 people.
• Nikita - 4 people
• Artyom - 4 people

The rarest male names are Ivan, Matvey, Mark, Vyacheslav, Gleb, Stepan, Leo, Semyon, Timur, Prokhor, Leonid, Hector, Arthur (1 person each).

The most popular female names are

• Anastasia - 6 people
• Angelina - 6 people
• Alexandra - 4 people

The rarest female names are Alena, Vlad, Angela, Arina, Snezhanna, Elvira, Julia, Larisa, Lilia, Lydia (1 person each).

Conclusions: this shows that those names that are popular now (Alexander, Artyom, Anastasia) were popular 10 years ago. And the names Angelina and Danil have become much more popular than they were 10-15 years ago.

3.3. Work with archival documents of the city registry office.

We turned to the employees of the Berezovsky registry office to find out what names were given to our townspeople many years ago and what they are giving now.

Here's what they told us. In the 20th century, the names were popular: Tatyana, Vera, Natalya, Ekaterina, Lyudmila, Sergey, Vladimir, Vasily, Andrey, Nikolai, Oleg, Alexander, Anatoly, Eduard, Ilya ...

Rare names were also given: Elisha, Eleanor, Dina ...

In the 21st century: Maria, Anastasia, Catherine, Elizabeth, Danil, Kirill, Nikita, Alexander…

Now there are also such rare names as Evelina, Karina, Mark, Hector, Leo, Vsevolod ...

Conclusion: as we can see, the names Alexander, Andrey, Elizabeth, Maria, Anastasia, Ekaterina are always popular. The names Anatoly, Eduard, Ilya, Vasily, Vera, Natalya, Lyudmila are now rarely found.

At all times there were parents who wanted to give their children rare, exotic names.

Conclusion.

Between living people, no one is nameless

Not at all; at the moment of birth, each, both low and noble,

He receives his name from his parents as a sweet gift ...

Homer. Odyssey.

We devoted our research work to the study of the history of names in Russia and in the city of Berezovsky. To achieve our goal, we made a historical digression into the past, traced the evolutionary development of names; learned what the names mean.

We also studied and analyzed literary sources; conducted a study of names in the kindergarten "Firefly" and in the MOU "Secondary School No. 2"; conducted a survey of teaching MOU "Secondary School No. 2"; worked with archival documents of the registry office of the city of Berezovsky.

Based on the data obtained, it can be said that at present 95% of Russian people have old traditional Russian calendar names. Among these names there are widely known, and there are rare, unfamiliar ones.Russian names have an interesting history. Fashion for names changes in about 10-20 years. But there are such names that have always been and will always be popular (Alexander, Andrei, Elizabeth, Maria, Anastasia, Catherine ...).

We were very pleased and even surprised by the students' answers to the question: what names do you like and which do not? Many called little-used Old Slavic names. From the answers it is clear that the guys like beautiful, sonorous names. I would like to hope that when they have their own children, they will bear just such names.

Working on this topic, we learned a lot of new and interesting things. Now we know not only what our names mean, but also many others; we know their history; What is the importance of a name in a person's life.

Many of our classmates are also interested in this topic.

With this work, we will perform in front of the children of our school at the lessons of history, foreign language, literature, class hours, and also replenish the fund of the city and school museums.

List of literature.

1. Gorbanevsky M. In the world of names and titles. - M: Knowledge, 1987.
2. Ivanov E. To a young erudite about everything. - M: Machaon, 2005.
3. Orlova L. Complete encyclopedia of names. – AST Publishing House LLC, 2007.
4. Prokhorov A.M. Great Soviet Encyclopedia in 30 volumes. - M: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989.
5. Saplin E.V., Saplin I.V. "Introduction to History". - M: Enlightenment, 2006.
6. Collection "Name, patronymic, surname". - Novosibirsk. "Ven-Mer", 1996.
7. Suslova A., Superanskaya A. - About Russian names. - Lenizdat, 1985.
8. Directory of personal names of the peoples of the RSFSR. - M: "Russian language", 1979.
9. Khigir B. Name and destiny. -M: Kron - Press, 1995.
10. Encyclopedia for schoolchildren. - M: Enlightenment, 2006.

When did people first and last names appear? and got the best answer

Answer from? Golden?[guru]
Origin of names
where did your name come from? Before the introduction of Christianity in Rus', some names were similar to nicknames: Lame, Lapot, Voropay (robber), others reflected the attitude towards the child born: Zhdan, Nezhdan, or the order of their birth: Pervusha, Tretyak, Odinets (the only one). It was believed that some names could ward off troubles and illnesses from children, for example, the names: Woe, Sick. Echoes of nicknames have been preserved in Russian surnames: Zaitsev, Goryaev, Nezhdanov, etc.
Christian names came in the 10th century from Byzantium along with Orthodoxy. Registration of newborn children was carried out only by the church, and the names were given according to the calendar (saints), in which for each day of each month the names of saints revered by the Russian Orthodox Church are recorded. A person who received the name of a saint gained not only his patronage, but also a grace-filled closeness to him: "By name - and" life ".
At the end of the October Revolution, when the church was separated from the state, registry offices began to register newborns, and parents got the right to call their children whatever they wanted. Then they began to come up with names inherent in the era: Oktyabrina, Marxlen, Traktorina. European (Roman Catholic and Protestant) names came to the Russian land: Herman, Zhanna, Albert, Marat, and others. A little later, more and more Eastern names began to appear: Zemfira, Timur, Ruslan, Zarema. In the middle of the 20th century, Slavic and Old Russian names began to appear again: Lada, Lyudmila, Vladimir, as well as Scandinavian ones: Olga (from Helg), Igor (from Ingvar).
Most of the names have different origins. They include many ancient Greek and Hebrew names, as well as Latin, Scandinavian and German names. Many names were borrowed from the languages ​​of the peoples of the East. Since they appeared in the Russian language a long time ago, they have become familiar to everyone. Times pass, the fashion for names changes, fewer people - parents call their children old Slavic names, but, as before, names carry a lot of information and influence the fate of a person. When choosing a name for your baby, analyze what considerations you are guided by: tradition, nationality of the name, beauty of sound or ease of pronunciation and compatibility with the patronymic. When naming your child, be wise and do not forget about aesthetic criteria.
The history of the origin of the surname
Recently, there has been a trend among many people: many want to know their family tree. Since ancient times, people have strived to preserve the memory of their ancestors.
Previously, the names and information about relatives were passed from mouth to mouth, from grandfathers to grandchildren. Then family ties began to be depicted in the form of a tree, so the term appeared: family tree.
A special science has appeared that studies the origin, history and family ties of people, as well as compiling genealogies, called genealogy. As a result, the term genealogical tree appeared.
Drawing up a pedigree allows you to thoroughly study the origin of the genus. And this is more relevant than ever. If you think about it, each of us will come to the conclusion that it is important for him to know who his ancestors are, what his pedigree is. For a detailed study of your origin, you just need to make a family tree.
A family tree usually consists of a legend of the origin of the genus and a listing of all members of the genus by generation. Most often, two types of genealogies are distinguished: ascending and descending. An ascending family tree goes from a descendant to his ancestors, and a descending family tree
from an ancestor to his descendants.
To compile a pedigree, first of all, you need to turn to your older relatives - parents, grandparents, in general, to everyone if possible. It is from them that you can find out the maximum amount of information about the origin of the surname, about the history of childbirth.