Phrasal verb carry through examples. Verb forms in English

One verb in English can have a lot of meanings. As a rule, this happens in cases where a verb begins to be used as part of a phrasal one. Phrasal verbs are combinations of a “standard” verb with prepositions and/or adverbs. Let's look at the phrasal verb carry as an example.

The most common meaning of the verb carry is “to carry”, “to carry”. This verb is regular, so its past form and past participle are formed with the ending –ed:

Phrasal verb carry: usage options

Now let's look at carry as part of phrasal verbs. There are not very many such verbs, so remembering them will not be difficult. Phrasal verbs with carry include:

Carry on

Continue (to do something). It is the most popular phrasal verb with carry from the entire list.

The verb can be used to mean “conduct (business)”

Carry out

Carry out (threat, order, etc.), conduct (an experiment). Carry out is the second phrasal verb that can often be heard in speech.

Carry over

Move (to do later):

Carry off

Endure difficulties, achieve success:

And “take a life”:

Carry up

Build, erect, construct:

Carry along

Raise your spirit:

Carry through

Finish, bring to an end:

Also in the meaning of “support / help in difficult times”:

The phrasal verb carry has completely different meanings depending on prepositions and adverbs. Sometimes, even the same phrasal verb can be used in several cases. In order to distinguish what exactly they want to tell you, you need to take into account the context: after all, it is unlikely that someone, smiling, will wish you your own kidnapping, right?

To avoid such confusion, try to learn all the meanings of the phrasal verb, do exercises to consolidate the topic and, of course, practice the language with native speakers.

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Today we are considering one of the group of not the most popular verbs in the English language, but nevertheless, one of the most interesting - the phrasal verb carry.

Problems of translation

Many people, when faced with this verb, often confuse it with Care, which in turn is translated as “to take care.” And it is quite understandable, they are consonant, similar in spelling, but at the same time they still have different meanings and cases of use. Translation of Carry from English into Russian is “to carry”, “to carry”, less often – “to have with you”, “to carry with you”, “to take with you”.

Conjugation

In English there are 3 verb forms, which in turn indicate membership in the group of regular or irregular verbs. And here we are lucky, because our object of consideration is not incorrect, which means that correctly posing it in the past tense will not cause problems. To simplify the task, we can distinguish only 2 forms of the verb carry: the first is to carry, and the second form will be formed in the same way as its third form of the simple past tense, simply by adding the ending -ed, namely – Carried.

Pronunciation Features

Many people have problems with the pronunciation of this verb, which, by the way, can be pronounced differently depending on the nationality of the speaker, so this topic simply needs to be touched upon.

It can be pronounced in different ways. So, for example, in the American style it will be transcribed in this form - [ˈkæri], and pronounced like kerry. In turn, in the British style the transcription will be [‘kari], and pronounced curry. The American style pronunciation is considered the most optimal, and we recommend using it.

Let's consider this point using the example of one wonderful idiom - Cash and carry. Translation: “Pay and take away.” One of the most popular idioms with our verb. This phrase names one of the self-service trading formats. Appeared in Germany, 1964, it was then that Professor O. Beisheim founded the world-famous organization METRO Cash & Carry. Pronounced "cash and carry"

Idioms

The English language is rich in idioms and phrasal verbs. And if with such well-known “personalities” as Read, Bring and the like there are a huge number of different, but rather mediocre variations, then in this case everything is inversely proportional. We have already looked at one idiom, let’s look at others:

Keep calm and carry on is probably the most famous phrase of this category, the translation of which is “Keep calm and continue in the same spirit.” It was she who became the beginning for phrases like Keep calm and love/learn English/just smile/focus on yourself, etc. A large number of textile products, as well as accessories and souvenirs, were and are still produced with this inscription printed on them. It all started with a poster from the British Ministry of Information, issued at the beginning of World War II, 1939.

Carry that weight- carry this load. This phrase became widespread in the single of the same name by The Beatles, released in 1969, and in a large number of cover versions by other artists.

Carry (someone's) water- a very interesting phrase, it is not translated as it might seem at first glance, namely, to provide support to someone, especially in a submissive and loyal manner.

To get carried away– going too far, losing control, losing judgment, being overwhelmed with emotions/enthusiasm.

Formation of phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are integral semantic units consisting of two or three constituents: a verb, a preposition and an adverb. Are divided into:

1. Transitional. The form may be modified depending on the context.
2. Intransitive. The original form is preserved regardless of the context.

The phrasal verb carry can take on a wide variety of meanings and is widely used in everyday speech, so knowing a few of them is essential.

Phrasal verb to carry on, translation - continue, keep it up.

Because your face looks like it wants to carry on speaking. — Because your face looks as if you want to continue talking.

on with - flirt, behave rudely.

Carry out– a phrasal verb that means to carry out, carry out, carry out, carry out.

But also that is able to carry out attacks in more than one government. - AAlsosheMayberealizeattacksVmorehowonestate.

Carry off. It would seem that this is the opposite of the previous phrasal verb and would be translated as “stop”, but no. Translated as: to achieve success in something, to win, less often - to cause death.

Both actors have the stylish self-confidence needed to carry off these roles. “Both actors have the necessary self-confidence to successfully play their roles.

Carry over- transfer, transport, postpone, consider.

The concert will have to be carried over till next week because the singer is ill. — Due to the performer’s illness, the concert will have to be postponed until next week.

back- return, mentally transport to the old days (to the time when...)

As we can see, the scope of use of our verb is very wide. Take the time to study these various useful phrases, and your speech will become much richer and brighter.

As you already know, the English language contains a very large number of phrasal verbs. And among these there are several phrasal verbs with the word “carry”, which itself is translated as “to carry, carry, carry out...”, but in the following examples that I have prepared for you, its meaning changes radically.

Rare phrasal verbs with the word “carry”

Carry on- “continue, talk, discuss.”

“Carry on” in British English means “talk a lot,” usually “complain,” but in American English the phrasal verb “go on” is used in this case.

After my ad you can carry on your work.

(After my announcement you can continue your work)

What are you carrying on about?

(What are you complaining about?)

Carry on with– “to flirt, to be in a relationship with someone.”

If a phrasal verb is used in the context of “being in a relationship with someone,” then in this case we are talking about an outside relationship, about betrayal.

Her husband carried on with a woman from his office.

(Her husband had a relationship with one woman from his office)

Carry over- “transfer, postpone.”

Here we can talk about transporting and carrying something physically, for example transporting furniture. In addition, this can be said about postponing some actions, plans, events, etc.

We don’t meet the deadline, so we have to carry over our presentation.

(We're missing a deadline, so we have to postpone our presentation)

Carry back- “to remind of the past, to be nostalgic, to transport into the past.” This phrasal verb means “to remind,” but we are talking about nostalgia, about good memories associated with the past.

This song is carrying me back to my childhood.

(This song seems to take me back to my childhood)

Carry around- "wear".

“Carry around” can be used both physically (carrying a child, a box, a thing...) and morally. That is, “carrying an emotional burden, a burden of memories, feelings of guilt, etc.”

Daniel needs a psychologist’s help, because he is carrying around all that bad memories.

(Daniel needs help from a psychologist because he carries with him the burden of these bad memories)

Carry off- “to cope well with a task, to do, to carry out, to endure.” It can also mean “to take away, pick up”, “take away” in other words.

Our company could carry off all tasks.

(Our company was able to cope with all the tasks)

Carry out- “do the work, complete the action.” The American equivalent is “take out”.

I have to carry out this job in a month.

(I have to complete this work within a month)

Carry forward- “promote”. The word “forward” itself suggests the meaning of this phrasal verb.

Stephen Hawking could carry forward his ideas about time and space.

(Stephen Hawking was able to advance his ideas about time and space)

Carried away- “to be very passionate about something.”

The phrasal verb “carry away” means “to carry away, carry away,” but the most often used form is “carried away” (carried away, carried away). That is, we can talk about a person who has gone too far, he is filled with enthusiasm, emotions, etc.

John is carried away with his plans about business.

(John got very carried away with his business plans)

Good luck, friends!

» Phrasal verbs with the word "carry"

English is a language of exceptions, where when learning a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not apply. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But you can’t do without them, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we'll look at it in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular?

Not only foreigners, but also native speakers themselves experience difficulty in using irregular verbs. But nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standardity of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, Americans are trying hard to get rid of the irregular shape, converting it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both versions of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

• infinitive, aka ;
• I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
• Past Participle II, or Participle II, for the simple perfect tense of the past tense (Past Perfect), passive voice (Passive Voice) and conditional of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

There are some features when forming Participle I and Participle II:

• if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
• The consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
• if the verb ends in -y with a preceding consonant, then y changes to i before adding -ed.

Verbs that do not obey the general rule in the formation of tense forms are called irregular. In English, these include the Past Simple and Participle II verb forms.

Irregular verbs are formed using:

ablauta, in which the root changes. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

identical or unchangeable form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Because each irregular verb has its own inflection, they must be learned by heart.

There are a total of 218 irregular verbs in the English language, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent research in the field of language shows that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with forms of the regular verb, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table “Three verb forms in English” - the table presents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three Forms of Irregular Verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and translation.

Irregular verbs came to modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs evolved from so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Researchers from Harvard found that the majority of verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so because they are used more often than others.

There is also a phenomenon in the history of the English language when a regular verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they find themselves in awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who all her life was sure that sneak was the correct verb.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. With a dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, you should not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most frequently used verbs.

Examples of using 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of use and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular and one with irregular verbs.

Exercises

To better memorize irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat them, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

1. I was reading a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London until 2000. They then moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a university student in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He just finished training.
7. When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
8. I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to the exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, traveled, used, worked.

Exercise 3.

1. I read a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He has just finished training.
7. When we were children we took for a walk to this park.
8. I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Make it a habit to periodically repeat the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, doing exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (to be, to study, to dream, to go...)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of the English language are divided into 2 groups: regular verbs (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. Verb forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) – make – the first, or main form, which answers the question what to do?, what to do? Using the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it – he, she, it) –s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With other pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they) the I form of the verb is used without changes.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form –ed(jump – jumped – jump – jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be – was/were, do – did, make – made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) is a special form of the verb that denotes the attribute of an object by action and answers the questions of the adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II: jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form -ed (-d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) – cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf ones: to work (work) – worked (worked), to look (look) – looked (looked);
• after [d] And [t]: to want (want) – wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) – mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) – sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (study) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, preceded by a vowel, then simply adds to the stem of the verb - ed: to play (play) – played (played), to stay (stay) – remained (remained).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) – arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles; their forms do not have a clear formation algorithm and are acquired by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (made) - made (made). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical conjugation systems (changing the verb according to persons - I'm going, you're going, he's going...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses (Past Perfect), in passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect speech (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( Conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?