Presentation on the theme of Cosmonautics Day. Presentation of a class hour for Cosmonautics Day

MBOU Shatalovskaya Secondary School

Human. Universe. Space.

Kirpichenkova O.A.

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

(1857 - 1935)

A teacher from Kaluga who knew physics, mathematics, chemistry, astronomy, and mechanics well. He is the author of airship projects, works in the field of aerodynamics and rocketry, one of the founders of the theory of interplanetary communications using rockets, and the developer of the principle of rocket propulsion. Many of his contemporaries considered him crazy. The scientist was able to outline the path along which humanity went into space.

Exactly one hundred years before the first artificial satellite appeared above the Earth, Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky was born in September 1857. Working as a teacher at a provincial school, in his free time he read, thought, calculated, fantasized, and dreamed of man's conquest of space. In his mind's eye, he looked through a whole century and saw multi-stage rockets, automatic control of spaceships, the Solar system, the orientation of an interplanetary ship in outer space.

Tsiolkovsky made assumptions about thinking beings in other worlds and put forward many interesting ideas. Scientists all over the world were interested in the work of a modest teacher from Kaluga, and his students and followers created the world's first spaceships.

Monument to K. E. Tsiolkovsky

in Borovsk (Kaluga region)

Since ancient times, people began to think about the questions: “What is space? What if there is life on other planets besides planet Earth?”

And then scientists and designers created the first Vostok spacecraft.

A spaceship is a complex technical system. And before putting a person in it, the equipment must be checked.

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev

(1906 -1966)

Russian scientist and designer. Under his leadership, ballistic and geophysical rockets, the first artificial Earth satellites, and the first spaceships were created, which were the first in history to carry out human space flight and manned spacewalks.

Before man flew into space, animals were there.

The dog Laika was the first to go into space.

At that time, people still knew very little about space, and spacecraft did not yet know how to return from orbit. Therefore, Laika remained forever in outer space.

3 years after the unsuccessful flight of the dog Laika, two dogs are already sent into space - Belka and Strelka.

They spent only one day in space and successfully landed on Earth.

Among the experimental animals there are heroes.

IN August 1960 Dog passengers Belka and Strelka, who had previously undergone extensive training, took off on the second Soviet spaceship-satellite.

The dogs were accustomed to living in a small container with limited movement. They wore restraint clothing, medical monitoring sensors, and their own portable toilet. They were taught to eat on command with specially prepared mixtures.

After 18 orbits around the planet, the ship was transferred to a trajectory of descent to the surface of the Earth, and its passengers were safely ejected from an altitude of 7-8 thousand kilometers. Both dogs felt great and subsequently continued to faithfully work for the benefit of space medicine.

Monument to the dog Laika,

flew into space

on satellite

After the successful flight of animals into space, the road to the stars became open for man. After 8 months, a man went into space on the same spaceship on which the dogs Belka and Strelka flew.

For the first time in the world, a spaceship with a person on board burst into the vastness of the Universe.

The launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite marked the beginning of the space age.

The Vostok spacecraft with a man on board took off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

"Russia's star son"

Born into the family of a collective farmer in the city of Gzhatsk, Smolensk region. In 1951 he graduated with honors from a vocational school in the city of Lyubertsy near Moscow (with a degree in molding and foundry). In 1955 - industrial technical school and flying club in Saratov, entered the 1st Chkalov Military Aviation School named after. K. E. Voroshilov, who graduated in 1957. Then he served as a military pilot in fighter aviation units of the Northern Fleet.

Yuri Gagarin

(1934-1968)

Since 1960 in the cosmonaut corps; since 1961 its commander. In 1968 he graduated with honors from the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky.

He was an open, charming person.

His smile was a symbol of the USSR.

Moscow time 9 hours 05 minutes

... There was fire and thunder,

Freezing cosmodrome,

And he said quietly:

He said: “Let's go!”

He waved his hand.

As if along Piterskaya,

Swept over the Earth...

Hello Earth!

In 108 minutes, the Vostok-1 spacecraft with Yuri Gagarin on board at a speed of about 28,000 km per hour completed a full orbit around the globe and landed safely on Earth.

How do astronauts prepare for flights?

A centrifuge simulator is used to train astronauts.

Astronaut clothes -

spacesuit

Cosmonauts wear it during the launch and descent of a rocket, when they go into outer space.

• Biological (plants are grown, various experiments are carried out).
• Medical observations (the effect of space on the body);
• Technical observations (provide space and radio-television communications, study the surface of the earth, report on places where minerals are discovered).

Starry sky

Planets of the Solar System

Venus Mars Earth Moon Saturn Jupiter Uranus Sun Mercury Pluto Neptune

S.P. Korolev Sergei Pavlovich Korolev is a scientist who worked in the field of rocket and rocket-space technology. S.P. Korolev is an outstanding designer. He is rightfully the father of domestic rocket and space technology, which ensured strategic parity and made our state a leading rocket and space power.

Who was the first to fly into space? The dog Laika was the first to fly into space. She spent several days on board the artificial satellite, but they could not return her to Earth. In August 1960, the dogs Belka and Strelka went on a space journey. There were also mice, insects and seeds on the ship. After the flight, the animals returned to their home planet and felt great. Cosmonaut dogs: Zvezdochka, Chernushka, Strelka and Belka (photo from 1961).

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin went into outer space on the Vostok spacecraft, becoming a space pioneer for all mankind. The 108 minutes he spent in space paved the way for other space explorers. In a short time since the first flight into space, man visited the Moon and explored almost all the planets of the solar system, but that first flight was the most difficult and dangerous. Confidence and optimism, the desire to conquer space overcame all obstacles. Addressing all the inhabitants of the Earth, before the launch on April 12, 1961, Yuri Alekseevich said: “Dear friends, relatives and strangers, compatriots, people of all countries and continents! In a few minutes, a mighty spaceship will take me into the distant expanses of the Universe. The first orbit around the Earth of space the ship with a person on board was the merit of many, many people and, first of all, the general designer of spacecraft Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.

Yuri Gagarin

Cosmonaut training

The first human spacewalk March 8-19, 1965 Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov together with P.I. Belyaev flew on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft as the 2nd pilot. On March 18, 1965, Leonov went into outer space for the first time, moved away from the spacecraft at a distance of 5 m and spent 12 minutes in outer space outside the airlock chamber. 9 p.

The first female cosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova, made a space flight on June 16–19, 1963 as a pilot of the Vostok-6 spacecraft, lasting 2 days and 23 hours. This was the world's first flight of a female astronaut.

Rockets take off into space.

ISS - International Space Station The International Space Station is the largest space object among all that were made by human hands. If you fit the station into a rectangle, then this rectangle will exceed the area of ​​a football field. Although, of course, only a small part of this rectangle will be filled with compartments where people live. The station is so huge that it was impossible to launch it into space entirely at once.

Baikonur Cosmodrome named after S.P. Queen

Control of the docking of the Russian manned transport spacecraft Soyuz TMA-12 with the International Space Station.

Exit into open space in our time.

We live on planet earth. EARTH, the third major planet in the solar system from the sun. The Earth's surface area is 510.073 million km2, of which approximately 70.8% is in the World Ocean. Land makes up 29.2% respectively and forms six continents and islands. Mountains occupy over 1/3 of the land surface. Deserts cover about 20% of the land surface, savannas and woodlands - about 20%, forests - about 30%, glaciers - over 10%. A significant part of the northern territories is permafrost. Our Earth is great. Its nature is diverse, the riches of its depths are countless. And at the same time, the huge Earth is only one of the planets revolving around the Sun. The Sun, compared to the Earth, is a giant hot ball. Our planet Earth is still not fully explored. What does the future hold for Earth? This question can only be answered with a high degree of uncertainty, abstracting both from possible external, cosmic influence, and from the activities of mankind, transforming the environment, and not always for the better.

This is our planet – Earth.

Take care of our planet Earth. You may be surprised to learn that the Earth is our common home! Animals and birds live in it, and you and I live. The earth is our huge house, There are many floors in it For underwater inhabitants And for forest snakes. There was enough for all the apartments: For buffalos and goats, For owls and crocodiles, For hares and dragonflies. The earth is our huge house, And even if it was not built from concrete slabs, But that’s not the point at all. And the fact is that we are neighbors, and we must save the deer and bears. This is what we are talking about! Take care of your planet! There is one garden planet. In this cold space, only here the forests rustle, calling migrating birds. And the dragonflies are only here looking at the river in surprise. Take care of your planet - After all, there is no other planet in the world!

Slide 1

State Budgetary Educational Institution “Ploskoshskaya Special (Correctional) Boarding School for Children with Type 8 Disabilities” Class hour “Cosmonautics Day” Teacher: Tatyana Anatolyevna Vasilyeva, 2012.

Slide 2

April 12, 1961 - the first human flight into space was made (Yu. Gagarin) on the Vostok-1 spacecraft, USSR.

Slide 3

Biography of Yu.A. Gagarin

In the first grade, Yura Gagarin managed to study for several days - his childhood ended when the village was occupied by the Nazis. Only two years later, Klushino was liberated by Soviet troops.

Slide 4

The Vostok spacecraft was launched at 09:07 on April 12, 1961 Moscow time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Having completed one revolution around the Earth at 10:55:34 in the 108th minute, the ship completed its planned flight (one second earlier than planned). Gagarin's call sign was "Kedr". Due to a failure in the braking system, the descent module with Gagarin landed not in the planned area 110 km from Stalingrad, but in the Saratov region, not far from Engels. No one was expecting such a distinguished guest there. At 10:48, a radar at a nearby military airport detected an unidentified target - it was a descent module - and a little later, 7 km from the ground, in accordance with the flight plan, Gagarin ejected, and two targets appeared on the radar.

Slide 5

Gagarin said “let’s go”, the rocket flew into space. This was a risky guy! Since then the era began. The era of wanderings and discoveries, Progress, peace and work, Hopes, desires and events, Now all this is forever. The days will come when whoever wants to will be able to roam space! At least to the moon, please, travel! Nobody can ban! This is how life will be! But let us still remember that someone was the first to fly... Major Gagarin, a modest guy, he managed to open an era. (Makhmud Otar-Mukhtarov)

Slide 8

For this flight, the cosmonaut received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Since 1962, April 12 has been declared a public holiday - Cosmonautics Day.

Slide 9

Landing site of Yu.A. Gagarin

Slide 10

The circumstances of Gagarin's death are still unknown for certain. There are a number of conflicting versions of his death. The official version is as follows: The UTI MiG-15 plane with Gagarin and his instructor, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Vladimir Seryogin, crashed on March 27, 1968 at 10:30 am near the village of Novoselovo, 18 km from the city of Kirzhach, Vladimir region. This happened under normal visibility conditions - the lower edge of the clouds was 900 m above the ground. According to another version, visibility was poor, since the operating altitude in the zone - 4200 meters - was between layers of clouds. The plane allegedly went into a tailspin, and the pilots didn’t have enough seconds to get it out. On a branch they found a piece of Gagarin’s flight jacket, a driver’s license, and in his wallet they found a photograph of Korolev. A clock was also found and from the position of the mechanism parts it became clear that it stopped at exactly 10:43.

Slide 11

Place of death

On March 27, 1968, Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Seregin performed a training flight in the sky over the village of Novoselovo, Vladimir Region. "I finished my mission in the zone!" - Gagarin reported. “Check the altitude,” said the flight director. There was no answer...

Slide 12

Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics

Slide 13

The name of Yuri Gagarin is given to: the city of Gagarin (formerly Gzhatsk), a crater on the far side of the Moon, asteroid No. 1772, an FAI gold medal (awarded since 1968), a square in Moscow where there is a monument to the cosmonaut. There is also the Gagarin Cup, the main trophy of the newly formed Kontinental Hockey League (Gagarin was a big hockey fan).

Slide 14

Gagarin Square. The monument was opened on July 4, 1980. The column is located in the center of a round podium, lined with polished black granite slabs. Nearby is a silver ball, a model of the Vostok spaceship. There is a cast inscription on the ball in memory of the first space flight. Sculptor P. Bondarenko, architect. J. Belopolsky, F. Gazhevsky, designer A. Sudakov.

Slide 15

The first Soviet cosmonauts

Slide 16

Slide 17

March 18, 1965 - the first human spacewalk was made from the Voskhod-2 spacecraft (A. Leonov, USSR).

Slide 18

On July 25, 1984, a woman performed a spacewalk for the first time. It was Svetlana Savitskaya.

Slide 19

German Titov was the youngest person to go into space; he made his flight at the age of 25 on the Vostok-2 spacecraft.

Presentation of a class hour for Cosmonautics Day. Goal: to form an idea of ​​space, to familiarize students with the science of astronomy and the profession of an astronaut. give students an idea of ​​what a spaceship, orbital station, Universe, galaxy, weightlessness, outer space, descent vehicle are; expand their ideas about stars and planets; introduce children to the biography of the first cosmonaut - Yu. Gagarin; history of space exploration; to cultivate the desire to always achieve a set goal, to be independent, to develop techniques of analysis, synthesis, comparison, visual memory, imagination; Teach children to listen thoughtfully and carefully.

Since ancient times, people began to think about the questions: “What is space? What if there is life on other planets besides planet Earth?” And then scientists and designers created the first Vostok spacecraft. A spaceship is a complex technical system. And before putting a person in it, the equipment must be checked.

Before man flew into space, animals were there. The dog Laika was the first to go into space. At that time, people still knew very little about space, and spacecraft did not yet know how to return from orbit. Therefore, Laika remained forever in outer space.

3 years after the unsuccessful flight of the dog Laika, two dogs are already sent into space - Belka and Strelka. They spent only one day in space and successfully landed on Earth.

During the launch and descent of the rocket, the astronauts lie down in a special “Bed”.

What do astronauts eat? Astronauts eat food that is stored in canned form. Before use, canned food and tubes are heated, and packages with first and second courses are diluted with water.

In just 51 years since the first manned space flight, 100 cosmonauts have been in space, including 3 women.