Samples of compositions in the direction "Courage and cowardice". Direction "courage and cowardice" General conclusion on the topic of courage and cowardice
FIPI comment on the direction "Courage and cowardice":
"This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works, both heroes capable of bold actions and characters showing weakness of spirit and lack of will."
Recommendations for students:
The table contains works that reflect any concept related to the direction "Courage and cowardice". You DO NOT NEED to read all of the titles listed. You may have already read a lot. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if there is a lack of arguments in one direction or another, fill in the gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Take it as a guide in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table shows only a part of the works in which the problems we need are present. This does not mean at all that you cannot bring completely different arguments in your works. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (the third column of the table), which will help you navigate exactly how, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a final essay)
An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Courage and cowardice"
| Direction | Approximate list of literary works | Carriers of the problem |
|---|---|---|
| Courage and cowardice | L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" | Andrey Bolkonsky, captain Tushin, Kutuzov- Courage and heroism in war. Zherkov- cowardice, the desire to be in the rear. |
| A. S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter" | Grinev, Captain Mironov's family, Pugachev- bold in their actions and aspirations. Shvabrin- a coward and a traitor. | |
| M. Yu. Lermontov "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov" | Merchant Kalashnikov boldly goes to a duel with Kiribeevich, defending the honor of his wife. | |
| A. P. Chekhov. "About love" | Alekhine afraid to be happy, as it requires courage in overcoming social rules and stereotypes. | |
| A. P. Chekhov. "The Man in the Case" | Belikov afraid to live, because "no matter what happens." | |
| M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Gudgeon" | Fairy tale hero The wise gudgeon chose fear as his life strategy. He decided to be afraid and take care, because only in this way can one outsmart the pike and not fall into the nets of fishermen. | |
| A. M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil" | Danko took the liberty of leading people out of the forest and saving them. | |
| V. V. Bykov "Sotnikov" | Sotnikov(courage), Fisherman(cowardice, betrayed the partisans). | |
| V. V. Bykov "Obelisk" | Teacher Frost courageously fulfilled the duty of a teacher and remained with his students. | |
| M. Sholokhov. "Destiny of Man" | Andrey Sokolov(the embodiment of courage at all stages of life). But cowards were also encountered along the way (the episode in the church when Sokolov strangled a man who intended to give the Germans the names of communists). | |
| B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" | Girls from the platoon of foreman Vaskov, who took on an unequal battle with German saboteurs. | |
| B. Vasiliev. "Not listed" | Nikolay Pluzhnikov courageously resists the Germans, even when he remains the only defender of the Brest Fortress. |
The topic "Courage and cowardice" was proposed among other topics of the final essay on literature for 2020 graduates. Many great people have talked about these two phenomena. “Courage is the beginning of victory,” Plutarch once said. “The courage of the city takes,” A.V. Suvorov agreed with him many centuries later. And some even made provocative statements on this topic: “Real courage rarely does without stupidity” (F. Bacon). Be sure to include such quotes in your work - this will have a positive effect on your assessment, as well as mentioning examples from history, literature or from life.
What to write about in an essay on this topic? You can consider courage and cowardice as abstract concepts in their broadest sense, think about them as two sides of the coin of one person, about the truth and falsity of these feelings. Write about the fact that courage can be a manifestation of excessive self-confidence, that there is a direct connection between selfishness and cowardice, but rational fear and cowardice are not the same thing.
A popular topic for reflection is cowardice and courage in extreme conditions, for example, in war, when the most important and previously hidden human fears are exposed, when a person shows character traits previously unknown to others and to himself. Or vice versa: even the most positive people in an emergency situation can show cowardice. Here it would be useful to speculate about heroism, heroism, desertion and betrayal.
As part of this essay, you can write about courage and cowardice in love, as well as in your mind. Here it would be appropriate to recall willpower, the ability to say “no”, the ability or inability to defend one’s opinion. You can talk about human behavior when making decisions or getting to know something new, getting out of your comfort zone, the courage to admit your mistakes.
Other directions of the final essay.
An example of a final essay on the topic "Courage and cowardice as an indicator of inner strength" with examples from the literature.
"Courage and cowardice as an indicator of a person's inner strength"
Introduction
Courage and cowardice are born deep inside a person in childhood. Awareness of one's own spiritual power is the result of the upbringing and conditions of existence of a growing person. It is these two concepts that are responsible for how strong a person becomes, how prepared he will be for the coming life.
Problem
The problem of courage and cowardice, which are indicators of the inner spiritual strength of a person and the strength of his character, is especially relevant in our time.
Thesis #1
Today, as well as several centuries ago, there are people who find the courage to confront environmental conditions. The cowardice of others does not allow them to change something in life, they are so numb with fear of reality that they are ready to easily give up what they have.
Argumentation
So in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" we see two types of people on the example of Tikhon Kabanov and his wife Katerina. Tikhon is weak, he is cowardly, unable to fight the despotism of his mother. He cannot change anything in his life, although she does not completely suit him. Katerina finds in herself the strength and courage to resist the circumstances, even at the cost of her own life. At least, the reader feels much more respect for Katerina than for her husband.
Conclusion
We must be strong so that in moments when it is necessary, we can take the blow of life or make vital decisions. Our inner courage will overcome any difficulties. You must not allow cowardice to take over your desires and aspirations.
Thesis №2
Attempts to step over oneself, struggling with one's own cowardice or cultivating courage within, can lead a person to complete collapse. Be that as it may, it is very important to live in harmony with yourself.
Argumentation
In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky, the main character Rodion Raskolnikov tried to give himself not the qualities that were inherent in him. He changed concepts, considered cowardice what was actually the strength of his character. In an attempt to change himself, he destroyed the lives of many people, including his own.
Conclusion
You need to accept yourself the way you are. If something strongly does not suit you, for example, lacks courage of character, then you need to fight spiritual cowardice gradually, preferably with the support of loved ones.
Thesis №3
Spiritual courage invariably breeds courage in actions. Emotional cowardice portends cowardice in action.
Argumentation
In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" we meet with two heroes who are close in age and upbringing - Peter Grinev and Shvabrin. Only now Grinev is the embodiment of courage and spiritual strength, which allowed him to adequately overcome all life's trials. And Shvabrin is a coward and a scoundrel, ready to sacrifice everyone around for his own well-being.
Conclusion
A person who behaves with dignity, nobility and steadfastness undoubtedly has courage, a special inner core that helps to solve newly emerging problems. He who is cowardly is helpless before the justice of life.
transcript
1 “Courage and cowardice” - arguments for the final essay The essay in the context of this aspect can be based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of personality from decisiveness and courage, manifestations of willpower and fortitude of some heroes to the desire to evade responsibility, hide from danger, show weakness, which can even lead to betrayal. Examples of the manifestation of these qualities of a person can be found in almost any work of classical literature. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" As an example, we can take a comparison of Grinev and Shvabrin: the first is ready to die in the battle for the fortress, directly expresses his position to Pugachev, risking his life, under pain of death remained faithful to the oath, the second was afraid for his life and went over to the side of the enemy. The daughter of Captain Mironov turns out to be truly courageous. The "coward" Masha, who shuddered from the shots at the exercises in the fortress, shows remarkable courage and firmness, opposes the claims of Shvabrin, being in his full power in the fortress occupied by the Pugachevites. The title character of the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" in fact turned out to be a coward; he completely subordinated his life to the opinion of society, which he himself despised. Realizing that he is to blame for the overdue duel and can prevent it, he does not do this, as he is afraid of the opinion of the world and gossip about himself. To avoid accusations of cowardice, he kills his friend. A striking example of true courage is the protagonist of the novel M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don" Grigory Melekhov. The First World War picked up Gregory and spun in a whirlwind of turbulent historical events. Grigory, like a true Cossack, gives himself over to the battle. He is determined and bold. Easily captures three Germans, deftly beats off a battery from the enemy, saves an officer. Evidence of his courage St. George's crosses and medals, officer rank. Gregory shows courage not only in battle. He is not afraid to radically change his life, to go against the will of his father for the sake of his beloved woman. Gregory does not tolerate injustice and always speaks openly about it. He is ready to drastically change his fate, but not to change himself. Grigory Melekhov showed extraordinary courage in the search for the truth. But for him it is not just an idea, some idealized symbol of a better human existence.
2 He is looking for her embodiment in life. Coming into contact with many small particles of truth and ready to accept each, he often discovers their failure when faced with life, but the hero does not stop in search of truth and justice and goes to the end, making his choice at the end of the novel. Not afraid to completely change his life and the young monk, the hero of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri". The dream of a free life completely captured Mtsyri, a fighter by nature, forced by circumstances to live in a gloomy monastery hated by him. He, who has not lived a day in freedom, independently decides on a brave act to escape from the monastery in the hope of returning to his homeland. Only in the wild, in those days that Mtsyri spent outside the monastery, all the wealth of his nature was revealed: love of freedom, thirst for life and struggle, perseverance in achieving the goal, unbending willpower, courage, contempt for danger, love for nature, understanding of its beauty and power. Mtsyri shows courage, the will to win in the fight against the leopard. In his story about how he descended from the rocks to the stream, contempt for danger sounds: But free youth is strong, And death seemed not terrible. Mtsyri failed to achieve his goal of finding a homeland, his people. “The prison has left its mark on me”, this is how he explains the reason for his failure. Mtsyri fell victim to circumstances that turned out to be stronger than him (a stable motive of fate in the works of Lermontov). But he dies adamant, his spirit is not broken. Great courage is required in order to preserve oneself, one's personality under the conditions of a totalitarian regime, not to abandon one's ideals and ideas, including in creativity, not to submit to the conjuncture. The question of courage and cowardice is one of the central ones in M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" The words of the hero of the novel, Ga-Notsri, affirm the idea that one of the main human vices is cowardice. This idea continues throughout the novel. The all-seeing Woland, opening the “curtain” of time for us, shows that the course of history does not change human nature: Judas, Aloysia (traitors, scammers) exist at all times. But betrayal is also most likely based on cowardice, a vice that has always existed, a vice that underlies many grave sins.
3 Aren't traitors cowards? Aren't flatterers cowards? And if a person is lying, he is also afraid of something. Back in the 18th century, the French philosopher K. Helvetius argued that "after courage, there is nothing more beautiful than a confession of cowardice." In his novel, Bulgakov claims that man is responsible for the improvement of the world in which he lives. The position of non-participation is not acceptable. Can the Master be called a hero? Most likely no. The master failed to remain a fighter to the end. The Master is not a hero, he is only a servant of the truth. Can't be a Master hero, since he chickened out of his book. He is broken by the hardships that have befallen him, but he has broken himself. Then, when he fled from reality to Stravinsky's clinic, when he assured himself that "there is no need to make big plans," he doomed himself to inactivity of the spirit. He is not a creator, he is only a Master, that is why he is granted only “peace”. Yeshua is a wandering young philosopher who came to Yershalaim to preach his doctrine. He is a physically weak person, but at the same time he is a spiritually strong person, he is a man of thought. The hero does not give up his views under any circumstances. Yeshua believes that a person can be changed for the better with kindness. It is very difficult to be kind, so it is easy to replace goodness with all sorts of surrogates, which often happens. But if a person does not get scared, does not give up his views, then such goodness is omnipotent. The “tramp,” the “weak man,” managed to turn the life of Pontius Pilate, the “almighty ruler.” Pontius Pilate is the representative of the power of Imperial Rome in Judea. The rich life experience of this man helps him to understand Ha-Nozri. Pontius Pilate does not want to ruin the life of Yeshua, he tries to persuade him to a compromise, and when this fails, he wants to persuade the high priest Kaifa to pardon Ha-Nozri on the occasion of the Easter holiday. Pontius Pilate feels both pity for Yeshua, and compassion, and fear. It is fear that ultimately determines his choice. This fear is born of dependence on the state, the need to follow its interests. Pontius Pilate for M. Bulgakov is not just a coward, an apostate, but he is also a victim. By departing from Yeshua, he destroys both himself and his soul. Even after physical death, he is doomed to mental suffering, from which only Yeshua can save him. Margarita, in the name of her love and faith in the talent of her lover, overcomes fear and her own weakness, even overcomes circumstances.
4 Yes, Margarita is not an ideal person: becoming a witch, she destroys the house of writers, participates in Satan's ball with the greatest sinners of all times and peoples. But she didn't flinch. Margarita fights to the end for her love. It is not for nothing that Bulgakov calls for love and mercy to be the basis of human relations. In the novel "The Master and Margarita", according to A.Z. Vulis, there is a philosophy of retribution: what you deserve, you get. The greatest vice of cowardice will surely entail retribution: the torment of the soul and conscience. Back in The White Guard, M. Bulgakov warned: "Never run away at a rat's pace into the unknown from danger." To take responsibility for the fate of other people, perhaps weaker ones, is also a great courage. Such is Danko, the hero of the legend from M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Proud, "the best of all" man, Danko died for the people. The legend told by the old woman Izergil is based on an ancient legend about a man who saved people and showed them the way out of the impenetrable forest. Danko had a strong-willed character: the hero did not want a slave life for his tribe, and at the same time he understood that people would not be able to live in the depths of the forest for a long time without their usual space and light. Mental fortitude, inner wealth, true perfection in biblical tales were embodied in outwardly beautiful people. This is how the ancient idea of a person about spiritual and physical beauty was expressed: “Danko is one of those people, a young handsome man. The beautiful are always brave." Danko believes in his own strength, so he does not want to spend it "on thought and longing." The hero seeks to lead people out of the darkness of the forest to freedom, where there is a lot of warmth and light. Having a strong-willed character, he takes on the role of a leader, and people "all together followed him, believed in him." The hero was not afraid of difficulties during the difficult journey, but he did not take into account the weakness of the people, who soon "began to grumble", because they did not have Danko's stamina and did not have a strong will. The culminating episode of the story was the scene of the trial of Danko, when people, tired of the weight of the path, hungry and angry, began to blame their leader for everything: “You are an insignificant and harmful person for us! You led us and tired us, and for this you will perish! Unable to endure the difficulties, people began to shift the responsibility from themselves to Danko, wanting to find the culprit for their misfortunes. The hero, selflessly loving people, realizing that without him everyone would die, “tore his chest with his hands and tore out his heart from it and raised it high above his head.” Illuminating the dark path from the impenetrable forest with his
With his heart, Danko led people out of the darkness to where "the sun shone, the steppe sighed, the grass shone in the diamonds of the rain, and the river sparkled with gold." Danko looked at the picture that opened before him and died. The author calls his hero a proud daredevil who died for the people. The final episode makes the reader think about the moral side of the hero's act: was Danko's death in vain, are people worthy of such a sacrifice. What is important is the image of a “cautious” person who appeared in the epilogue of the story, who was frightened of something and stepped “on a proud heart with his foot”. The writer characterizes Danko as the best of people. Indeed, the main character traits of the hero are mental stamina, willpower, selflessness, the desire to wholeheartedly serve people, courage. He sacrificed his life not only for the sake of those whom he brought out of the forest, but also for himself: he could not do otherwise, the hero needed to help people. The feeling of love filled Danko's heart, was an integral part of his nature, so M. Gorky calls the hero "the best of all." Researchers note the connection of the image of Danko with Moses, Prometheus and Jesus Christ. The name Danko is associated with the same-root words "tribute", "dam", "giving". The most important words of a proud, brave man in the legend: “What will I do for people ?!” Many works of classical Russian literature raise the issue of fear of life in its various manifestations. In particular, many works of A.P. are devoted to the theme of fear and cowardice. Chekhov: "Fears", "Cossack", "Champagne", "Beauties", "Lights", "Steppe", "Man in a Case", "Death of an Official", "Ionych", "Lady with a Dog", "Chameleon" , "Ward 6", "Fear", "Black Monk", etc. The hero of the story "Fear" Dmitry Petrovich Silin is afraid of everything. According to the author of the story, he is "sick with the fear of life." The hero, according to Chekhov, is frightened by the incomprehensible and incomprehensible. For example, Silin is afraid of terrible events, catastrophes and the most ordinary events. He is afraid of life itself. Everything that is incomprehensible in the world around him is a threat to him. He reflects and tries to find answers to his questions about the meaning of life and human existence. He is convinced that people understand what they see and hear, and he poisons himself daily with his own fear. The hero of the story is always trying to hide and retire. It is as if he is running away from life: he leaves the service in St. Petersburg due to the fact that he experiences feelings of fear and fear, and decides to live alone in his estate. And here he
6 takes a second hard hit when his wife and friend betray him. When he finds out about the betrayal, fear drives him out of the house: "His hands were trembling, he was in a hurry and looked around at the house, he was probably scared." It is not surprising that the hero of the story compares himself to a newborn midge, whose life consists of nothing but horrors. In the story "Ward 6" the theme of fear also comes to the fore. The hero of the story, Andrei Efimovich, is afraid of everything and everyone. Most of all, he is afraid of reality. Nature itself looks terrible to him. The most ordinary things and objects seem frightening: "Here it is reality!" Andrey Efimovich thought. The moon, and the prison, and the nails on the fence, and the distant flame in the bone factory were terrible. The fear of the incomprehensibility of life is presented in the story "The Man in the Case". This fear causes the hero to move away from reality. The hero of the story, Belikov, is constantly trying to "hide from life" in a case. His case is made of circulars and regulations, which he constantly follows. His fear is undefined. He is afraid of everything and at the same time of nothing in particular. The most hated for him is non-compliance with the rules and deviation from the regulations. Even insignificant little things plunge Belikov into mystical horror. "Reality irritated him, frightened him, kept him in constant anxiety, and, perhaps, in order to justify this timidity of his, his disgust for the present, he always praised the past and what had never happened; and the ancient languages \u200b\u200bthat he taught , were for him, in essence, the same galoshes and an umbrella where he hid from real life. If Silin, out of fear of life, tries to hide in his estate, then Belikov's fear of life makes him hide in a case of rules and strict laws and, in the end, hide underground forever. The hero of the story "About Love" Alekhine is also afraid of everything and also prefers to hide, secluded in his estate, although he had a good opportunity to engage in literature. He is even afraid of his own love and tortures himself when he overcomes this feeling and loses the woman he loves. The fairy tale by M.E. is dedicated to the problem of fear of life. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Gudgeon". The life of a minnow flashes before the reader, simple in its structure, based on fear of the potential dangers of the world order. The father and mother of the hero lived a long life and died a natural death. And before departing to another world, they bequeathed to the son to be careful, since all the inhabitants of the water world, and even man, in any
7 moment can destroy him. The young minnow learned the science of his parents so well that he literally imprisoned himself in an underwater hole. He came out of it only at night, when everyone was sleeping, he was malnourished and “trembled” all day and night just so as not to be caught! In this fear, he lived for 100 years, really outliving his relatives, although he was a small fish that anyone can swallow. And in this sense, his life was a success. His other dream came true, to live in such a way that no one would ever know about the existence of the wise minnow. Before his death, the hero thinks about what would happen if all the fish lived the same way as he did. And he sees: the genus of minnows would cease! All the opportunities to make friends, start a family, raise children and pass on his life experience passed him by. He is clearly aware of this before his death and, deep in thought, falls asleep, and then involuntarily violates the boundaries of his hole: “his snout” is shown out of the hole. And then there is scope for the reader's imagination, because the author does not report what happened to the hero, but only states that he suddenly disappeared. There were no witnesses to this incident, so that not only the task of at least living unnoticed was achieved by the minnow, but the “super task” was also to disappear unnoticed. The author bitterly sums up the life of his hero: "He lived trembling, and he died trembling." Often anxiety, caring for loved ones helps to become courageous. Remarkable courage is shown by a little boy from the story of A.I. Kuprin "The White Poodle" In the story, all the most important events are connected with the white poodle Arto. The dog is one of the artists of the wandering troupe. Grandpa Lodyzhkin appreciates him very much and says about the dog: "He feeds, waters and clothes the two of us." It is with the help of the image of a poodle that the author reveals human feelings and relationships. Grandfather and Serezha love Artoshka and treat him like a friend and family member. That is why they do not agree to sell their beloved dog for any money. But Trilly's mother believes: "Everything is sold, what is bought." When her spoiled son wanted a dog, she offered fabulous money to the artists and did not even want to listen that the dog was not for sale. When Arto could not be bought, they decided to steal it. Here, when grandfather Lodyzhkin showed weakness, Seryozha shows determination and takes a brave deed worthy of an adult: by all means return the dog. At the risk of his life, almost getting caught by the janitor, he frees his friend.
8 The theme of cowardice and courage has been repeatedly addressed by contemporary writers. One of the most striking works is the story of V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow". A new student Lena Bessoltseva comes to one of the provincial schools. She is the granddaughter of an artist who leads a secluded life, which was the reason for the removal of the townspeople from him. Classmates openly make it clear to the new girl, whose rules are here. Over time, Bessoltseva begins to be despised for her kindness and kindness, classmates give her the nickname "Scarecrow". Lena has a kind soul, and she tries in every possible way to establish contact with her classmates, trying not to react to the insulting nickname. However, the cruelty of children led by class leaders knows no bounds. Only one person feels sorry for the girl and Dima Somov begins to be friends with her. One day the children decided to skip classes and go to the cinema. Dima returned to the classroom to pick up the forgotten item. He was met by a teacher, and the boy was forced to tell the truth that his classmates had run away from classes. After that, the children decide to punish Dima for his betrayal, but suddenly Lena, who has remained neutral all this time, stands up for her friend and begins to justify him. Classmates quickly forget Dima's sin and transfer their aggression to the girl. Lena was boycotted to teach her a lesson. Cruel children burn an effigy symbolizing Lena. The girl, unable to withstand such oppression any longer, asks her grandfather to leave this city. After Bessoltseva left, the children experience torments of conscience, they understand that they have lost a really good, honest person, but it’s too late to do anything. The clear leader in the class is the Iron Button. Her behavior is determined by the desire to be special: strong-willed, principled. However, these qualities are inherent in her only externally, she needs them to maintain leadership. At the same time, she is one of the few who partly sympathizes with Lena and distinguishes her from the rest: “I did not expect this from the Scarecrow, the Iron Button finally broke the silence. Hit everyone. Not all of us are capable of this. It's a pity that she turned out to be a traitor, otherwise I would have made friends with her. And you are all squishy. You don't know what you want." And she realizes the reason for this sympathy only at the very end, at the moment of parting with Bessoltseva. It becomes obvious that Lenka is not like the others. She has inner strength, courage, which allows her to resist lies and preserve her spirituality.
9 Dimka Somov occupies a special place in the system of images of the story. At first glance, this is a person who is not afraid of anything, does not depend on others, and this differs from his peers. This is manifested in his actions: in his attempts to protect Lena, in the way he freed the dog from Valka, in the desire to be independent from his parents and earn money himself. But then it turns out that, like Red, he depended on the class and was afraid to exist separately from it. Fearing the opinions of his classmates, he turned out to be capable of repeated betrayal: he betrays Bessoltseva when he does not confess his misconduct, when he burns Lenka's effigy together with everyone, when he tries to scare her, when he throws her dress around with the others. His external beauty does not correspond to the internal content, and in the episode of farewell to Bessoltseva, he causes only pity. Thus, none of the class passed the moral test: they did not have enough moral foundation, inner strength and courage for this. Unlike all the characters, Lena turns out to be a strong personality: nothing can push her to betrayal. Several times she forgives Somov, which testifies to her kindness. She finds the strength to survive all the insults and betrayals, not to become embittered. It is no coincidence that the action takes place against the backdrop of portraits of Lena's ancestors, especially the brave General Raevsky. Apparently, they are designed to emphasize the courage characteristic of her family. Courage and cowardice in extreme situations, in war. Most clearly, the true qualities of the human personality are manifested in extreme situations, in particular, in war. Roman L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" is not only and not so much about war, but about human characters and qualities that manifest themselves in difficult conditions of choice and the need to commit an act. Important for the writer are reflections on true courage, courage, heroism and cowardice as personality traits. Most clearly, these qualities are manifested in military episodes. Drawing heroes, Tolstoy uses the technique of opposition. How different we see Prince Andrei and Zherkov in the battle of Shengraben! Bagration sends Zherkov with an order to retreat to the left flank, that is, to where the most dangerous thing is now. But Zherkov is desperately cowardly and therefore jumps not to where the shooting is, but is looking for the chiefs "in a safer place where they could not be." Thus, a vital order by this adjutant
10 is not transmitted. But he is handed over by another officer, Prince Bolkonsky. He is also scared, the balls fly right over him, but he forbids himself to be cowardly. Zherkov was afraid to get to the battery, and at the officer's dinner he boldly and shamelessly laughed at the amazing hero, but a funny and timid man, Captain Tushin. Not knowing how courageously the battery acted, Bagration scolded the captain for leaving the gun. None of the officers found the courage to say that Tushin's battery was without cover. And only Prince Andrei was indignant at these unrest in the Russian army and the inability to appreciate true heroes, and not only justified the captain, but called him and his soldiers the true heroes of the day, to whom the troops owe success. Timokhin, inconspicuous and unremarkable under normal circumstances, also demonstrates true courage: "Timokhin, with a desperate cry, rushed at the French with one skewer, ran into the enemy, so that the French dropped their weapons and ran." One of the main characters of the novel, Andrei Bolkonsky, possessed such qualities as pride, courage, decency and honesty. At the beginning of the novel, he is dissatisfied with the emptiness of society and therefore goes to military service, to the active army. Going to war, he dreams of accomplishing a feat and earning people's love. In the war, he shows courage and courage, the soldiers characterize him as a strong, courageous and demanding officer. In the first place, he puts honor, duty and justice. During the battle of Austerlitz, Andrey accomplishes a feat: he picks up a banner that has fallen from the hands of a wounded soldier and drags the soldiers fleeing in a panic with him. Another hero who goes through a test of his character is Nikolai Rostov. When the plot logic leads him to the battlefield of Shengraben, the moment of truth comes. Until that time, the hero is absolutely sure of his courage and that he will not disgrace himself in battle. But, having seen the true face of the war, coming close to death, Rostov realizes the impossibility of murder and death. They can't possibly want to kill me, he thinks as he runs away from the French. He is confused. Instead of shooting, he throws his gun at the enemy. His fear is not fear of the enemy. They have a sense of fear for their happy young life. Petya is the youngest in the Rostov family, his mother's favorite. He goes to war very young, and the main goal for him is to accomplish a feat, to become a hero: “... Petya was in a constantly happy-excited state
11 joy that he is big, and in constant enthusiastic haste not to miss any case of real heroism. He has little combat experience, but a lot of youthful fervor. Therefore, he boldly rushes into the thick of the battle and falls under enemy fire. Despite his young age (16), Petya is desperately brave and sees his mission in serving the fatherland. The Great Patriotic War provided much material for reflection on courage and cowardice. True courage, courage in war can be shown not only by a soldier, a warrior, but also by a simple person who, by the forces of circumstances, is involved in a terrible cycle of events. Such a story of a simple woman is described in the novel by V.A. Zakrutkin "Mother of Man". In September 1941, the Nazi troops advanced far into the depths of Soviet territory. Many regions of Ukraine and Belarus were occupied. He remained on the territory occupied by the Germans and a farm lost in the steppes, where a young woman Maria, her husband Ivan and their son Vasyatka lived happily. Having seized the previously peaceful and abundant land, the Nazis ruined everything, burned the farm, drove people to Germany, and hanged Ivan and Vasyatka. Only Mary managed to escape. Alone, she had to fight for her life and for the life of her unborn child. Further events of the novel reveal the greatness of the soul of Mary, who has become truly the Mother of Man. Hungry, exhausted, she does not think about herself at all, saving the girl Sanya, mortally wounded by the Nazis. Sanya replaced the deceased Vasyatka, became a part of the life of Mary, which was trampled on by the fascist invaders. When the girl dies, Maria almost goes crazy, not seeing the meaning of her continued existence. And yet she finds the courage to live. Feeling a burning hatred for the Nazis, Maria, having met a wounded young German, frantically throws herself at him with a pitchfork, wanting to avenge her son and husband. But the German, a defenseless boy, shouted: “Mom! Mother!" And the heart of a Russian woman trembled. The great humanism of the simple Russian soul is extremely simply and clearly shown by the author in this scene. Maria felt her duty to the people driven to Germany, so she began to harvest from the collective farm fields not only for herself, but also for those who, perhaps, would still return home. A sense of accomplishment supported her in difficult and lonely days. Soon she had a large household, because on the plundered and burned farmstead of Mary
12 all living things flocked. Maria became, as it were, the mother of all the land surrounding her, the mother who buried her husband, Vasyatka, Sanya, Werner Bracht, and completely unfamiliar to her, who was killed on the front line political leader Slava. Maria was able to take under her roof seven Leningrad orphans, brought by the will of fate to her farm. This is how this courageous woman met the Soviet troops with children. And when the first Soviet soldiers entered the burnt farm, it seemed to Mary that she had given birth not only to her son, but also to all the war-deprived children of the world... which is the essence of the storyline of the work. The main characters of the story - Sotnikov and Rybak - behaved differently under the same circumstances. Rybak, being afraid, agreed to join the police, hoping to return to the partisan detachment at an opportunity. Sotnikov chooses a heroic death, because he is a man with a heightened sense of responsibility, duty, the ability not to think about himself, about his own fate, when the fate of the Motherland is being decided. The death of Sotnikov was his moral triumph: "And if anything else he cared about in life, it was his last duties towards people." The fisherman, on the other hand, discovered shameful cowardice, cowardice, and for the sake of his own salvation agreed to become a policeman: "There was an opportunity to live, this is the main thing. Everything else later." The enormous moral strength of Sotnikov lies in the fact that he was able to accept suffering for his people, to maintain faith, not to succumb to the thought that Rybak succumbed to. In the face of death, a person becomes what he really is. Here the depth of his convictions, civic fortitude are tested. This idea can be traced in V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember". The heroes of the story, Nastena and Guskov, face the problem of moral choice. A deserter husband, who became a deserter by accident: after being wounded, a vacation followed, but for some reason they didn’t give him, they were immediately sent to the front. And, passing by his native home, an honestly fought soldier cannot stand it. He runs home, succumbs to the fear of death, becomes a deserter and a coward, condemning to death everyone for whom he went to fight, whom he loved so much: his wife Nastya and the child they had been waiting for ten years. And the rushing Nastena cannot withstand the weight that has fallen on her. Not
13 endures because her soul is too pure, her moral thoughts are too high, although she may not even know such a word. And she makes her choice: she goes with her unborn child into the waters of the Yenisei, because it is a shame to live like this in the world. And it is not only the deserter that Rasputin addresses his “live and remember.” He speaks to us, the living: live, remembering that you always have a choice. In the story of K.D. Vorobyov "Killed near Moscow" tells about the tragedy of young Kremlin cadets sent to their death during the German offensive near Moscow in the winter of 1941. In the story, the writer shows "the merciless, terrible truth of the first months of the war." The heroes of the story by K. Vorobyov are young. The writer tells about what the Motherland, war, enemy, home, honor, death are for them. The whole horror of war is shown through the eyes of cadets. Vorobyov draws the path of the Kremlin cadet Lieutenant Alexei Yastrebov to victory over himself, over the fear of death, the path of gaining courage. Aleksey wins, because in a tragically cruel world, where the war is now the master of everything, he has retained his dignity and humanity, good nature and love for his homeland. The death of the company, the suicide of Ryumin, the death under the caterpillars of German tanks, the cadets who survived the raid, all this completed the reassessment of values in the mind of the protagonist. The story of V. Kondratiev "Sasha" reveals the whole truth about the war, smelling of sweat and blood. The battles near Rzhev were terrible, exhausting, with huge human losses. And the war does not appear in pictures of heroic battles, it is just difficult, hard, dirty work. A man in war is in extreme, inhuman conditions. Will he be able to remain a man next to death, blood mixed with dirt, cruelty and pain for the desecrated land and dead friends? Sashka is an ordinary infantryman, he has been fighting for two months now and has seen a lot of terrible things. In two months, sixteen out of one hundred and fifty people remained in the company. V. Kondratiev shows several episodes from Sasha's life. Here he gets boots for the company commander, risking his life, now he returns to the company under fire to say goodbye to the guys and give up his machine gun, now he leads the orderlies to the wounded, not relying on the fact that they themselves will find him, now he takes a German prisoner and refuses shoot him... Desperate courage shows Sashka takes the German with his bare hands: he has no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. But the war did not kill his kindness and humanity.
14 Nor did ordinary girls want war in the heroine of B. Vasiliev's book "The Dawns Here Are Quiet." Rita, Zhenya, Lisa, Galya, Sonya entered into an unequal struggle with the Nazis. The war made ordinary yesterday's schoolgirls into courageous warriors, because always "in important epochs of life, a spark of heroism flares up in the most ordinary person ...". Rita Osyanina, strong-willed and gentle, she is the most courageous and fearless, because she is a mother! She protects the future of her son, and therefore is ready to die so that he can live. Zhenya Komelkova is cheerful, funny, beautiful, mischievous to the point of adventurism, desperate and tired of the war, of pain and love, long and painful, for a distant and married person. She, without hesitation, leads the Germans away from Vaskov and the wounded Rita. Saving them, she dies herself. “And she could have buried herself,” Vaskov says later, but she didn’t want to. She didn’t want to, because she realized that she was saving others, that Rita needed her son, she had to live. Willingness to die in order to save another is not real courage? Sonya Gurvich, the embodiment of an excellent student and a poetic nature, a “beautiful stranger”, who came out of A. Blok’s volume of poetry, rushes to save Vaskov’s pouch and dies at the hands of a fascist. Liza Brichkina... "Ah, Liza-Lizaveta, she didn't have time, she couldn't overcome the quagmire of war." But after all, without much thought, she ran back to her for help. Was it scary? Yes, sure. Alone among the swamps, but it was necessary and went, without a moment's hesitation. Isn't this courage born of war? The protagonist of the work of B. Vasilyev “Not on the lists” is Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who recently graduated from a military school. This is an enthusiastic young man, full of hope and believing that "... every commander must first serve in the troops." Talking about the short life of a lieutenant, B. Vasiliev shows how a young man becomes a hero. Having been assigned to the Special Western District, Kolya was happy. As if on wings, he flew to the city of Brest-Litovsk, in a hurry to decide on a unit as soon as possible. His guide through the city was the girl Mirra, who helped him get to the fortress. Before reporting to the regimental duty officer, Kolya went into the warehouse to clean his uniform. And at that time the first explosion was heard ... So for Pluzhnikov the war began. Barely having time to jump out before the second explosion, blocking the entrance to the warehouse, the lieutenant began his first battle. He aspired to accomplish a feat, thinking proudly: “I went on a real attack and, it seems, I killed someone. Eat
15 things to tell... And the very next day he was frightened by the German machine gunners and, saving his life, abandoned the fighters who had already trusted him. From this moment, the consciousness of the lieutenant begins to change. He blames himself for cowardice and sets himself the goal of preventing the enemies from capturing the Brest Fortress at all costs. Pluzhnikov realizes that true heroism and feat require courage, responsibility, readiness to “lay down one’s life for one’s friends” from a person. And we see how the awareness of duty becomes the driving force of his actions: you can’t think about yourself, because the Motherland is in danger. Having gone through all the cruel trials of the war, Nikolai became an experienced fighter, ready to give everything for the sake of victory and firmly believing that "it is impossible to defeat a person, even by killing." Feeling a blood connection with the Fatherland, he remained faithful to his military duty, calling for him to fight his enemies to the end. After all, the lieutenant could have left the fortress, and this would not have been desertion on his part, because he was not on the lists. Pluzhnikov understood that it was his sacred duty to defend the Motherland. Left alone in the ruined fortress, the lieutenant met the foreman Semishny, who from the very beginning of the siege of Brest wore the banner of the regiment on his chest. Dying of hunger and thirst, with a broken spine, the foreman kept this shrine, firmly believing in the liberation of our Motherland. Pluzhnikov accepted the banner from him, having received an order to survive at all costs and return the scarlet banner to Brest. Nikolai had to go through a lot during these harsh days of trials. But no troubles could break the man in him and extinguish his fiery love for the Fatherland, because “in important epochs of life, sometimes a spark of heroism flares up in the most ordinary person” ... The Germans drove him into a casemate, from which there was no second way out. Pluzhnikov hid the banner and went out into the light, saying to the man sent for him: “The fortress did not fall: it simply bled out. I am her last drop...” How Nikolai Pluzhnikov is deeply revealed in his human essence in the final scene of the novel, when he, accompanied by Ruvim Svitsky, leaves the casemate. It is written, if we turn to musical creativity for an analogy, according to the principle of the final chord. Everyone in the fortress looked with surprise at Nicholas, this "unconquered son of the unconquered Motherland." In front of them stood "an incredibly thin, no longer aged man." The lieutenant was "no cap, long
16 gray hair touched his shoulders ... He stood, straightening up strictly, throwing his head high, and, without looking up, looked at the sun with blinded eyes. And from those unblinking, intent eyes, tears flowed uncontrollably. Marveling at Pluzhnikov's heroism, the German soldiers and the general gave him the highest military honors. “But he did not see these honors, and if he did, he would not care anymore. He was above all conceivable honors, above glory, above life, above death. Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov was not born a hero. The author tells in detail about his pre-war life. He is the son of Commissar Pluzhnikov, who died at the hands of the Basmachi. Even at the school, Kolya considered himself a model of a general who participated in the Spanish events. And in the conditions of war, the unfired lieutenant was forced to make independent decisions; when he received the order to retreat, he did not leave the fortress. Such a construction of the novel helps to understand the spiritual world not only of Pluzhnikov, but also of all the courageous defenders of the fatherland.
Wars are sacred pages A lot of books have been written about the Great Patriotic War - poems, poems, stories, novels, novels. The literature about the war is special. It reflects the greatness of our soldiers and officers,
Thematic direction of the final essay on literature Courage is a positive personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk
Letter to a veteran Compositions-letters of students of grade 4B MBOU secondary school 24 Hello dear veteran of the Great Patriotic War! With deep respect, a student of the 4th "B" class, school 24 of the city of Ozersk, writes to you. Approaching
I wish my grandfather was a veteran of that war. And he always told his military stories. I would like my grandmother to be a labor veteran. And she told her grandchildren how difficult it was for them then. But we
Directions of the topics of the final essay for the 2017/18 academic year: “Loyalty and betrayal”, “Indifference and responsiveness”, “Goal and means”, “Courage and cowardice”, “Man and society”. "Loyalty and treason"
The military path of Vasily Samoilov Leading accountant of the Yugorsky branch of DOAO "Centrenergogaz" Elena Kryukova about grandfather Vasily Aleksandrovich Samoilov In our family, the memory of my grandfather, a war veteran, lives on
Class hour "Lesson of Courage-Hot Heart" Purpose: to form an idea of courage, honor, dignity, responsibility, morality, to show students the courage of Russian soldiers. The board is divided
The problem of faith as a manifestation of a person's moral stamina essay The problem of a person's moral choice in an extreme life situation. The problem of the manifestation of rudeness of people towards each other
Class hour. We are all different, but we have more in common. Author: Alekseeva Irina Viktorovna, teacher of history and social studies This class hour is built in the form of a dialogue. At the beginning of class, the children sit down
DIRECTION 3. GOALS AND MEANS Commentary by FIPI specialists
Review of books-anniversaries about the war Every year the Great Patriotic War moves away. The participants in the war leave, taking away their mean stories. Modern youth sees the war in biographical series, foreign films,
The son of the regiment During the war, Dzhulbars managed to detect more than 7 thousand mines and 150 shells. On March 21, 1945, Dzhulbars was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" for the successful completion of a combat mission. This
MILITARY HARD YEAR Saltykova Emilia Vladimirovna, Bryansk The Great Patriotic War. It was the bloodiest war in the history of our people. More than twenty-seven million dead is its sad result.
Advice for parents How to tell children about the Great Patriotic War This Victory Day on May 9 is the most joyful and saddest holiday in the world. On this day, joy and pride shine in the eyes of people.
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten of a combined type 2 "Sun" Through the pages of the military glory of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers Every year our country celebrates the Day
My name is YANA SMIRNOV. The name Jan comes from the Hebrew name John, meaning "God's mercy." Mom and dad really liked this beautiful, rare name. main character traits are
True and false in the novel "War and Peace" Usually, when starting a study of the novel, teachers ask about the title of the novel "War and Peace", and students diligently answer that this is the antithesis (although the title can be considered
Class hour on the topic “Can we forgive? Can everything be forgiven? Purpose: to show that forgiveness is the path to the formation of a strong personality who knows how to love and be merciful. Equipment: multimedia installation,
(Composition by a student of class 3 A Anastasia Giryavenko) I am proud of you, grandfather! There is no such family in Russia, Where his hero was not remembered. And the eyes of young soldiers, From the faded photographs look. Everyone's heart
Medvedeva Elena, Zelenograd "At sixteen boyish years" I am a student now of the 3rd "B" class of Medvedeva Elena. I live and study in the beautiful city of Zelenograd. Our city stands in a special place at the turn
Author: OIGIZATULINA, teacher of Russian language and literature, Gulistan, Uzbekistan In this lesson we will get acquainted with the work of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil", which refers to the period of his early work.
Courage and cowardice KAI ABSTRACT CONCEPTS, CHARACTER FEATURES; A.S. PUSHKIN "THE CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER"
Courage, courage and honor December 9 - Heroes of the Fatherland Day The date of December 9 for such a holiday was not chosen by chance. Empress Catherine II on this day in 1769 established a new award.
KURNIN PETER FYODOROVYCH (25.07.1916 08.11.1993) FIRST UKRAINIAN FRONT The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. was one of the bloodiest wars in the history of mankind! She left indelible
The image and character of the hero in the story “The Fate of a Man” by M. A. Sholokhov Grade 9 Teacher of the Russian language and literature Kryukov S. D. Contents Epigraph to the lesson ... 3 M. Sholokhov “I was born on the Don” 4 Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Final essay 2017-2018 academic year direction of the topics of the final essay for the 2017/18 academic year: “Loyalty and betrayal”, “Indifference and responsiveness”, “Goals and means”, “Courage and cowardice”, “Man
Gaidar. Time. We. Gaidar steps ahead! Performed by a student of the 11th grade of the Poshatovsky Orphanage School Ekaterina Pogodina “There is a time for everything, and a time for every thing under heaven. A time to be born and a time to die;
On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the birth of Vasily Vladimirovich Bykov (06/19/1924 04/21/2003) Vasily (Vasil) Vladimirovich Bykov, Belarusian writer and public figure, was born on June 19, 1924 in the village of Bychki
Essay on whether it is possible to call Danko a hero >>> Essay on whether it is possible to call Danko a hero Essay on whether it is possible to call Danko a hero Seeing this, people ran after him, not noticing the dangers
Let us glorify the woman Mother, whose love knows no barriers, whose breast fed the whole world! Everything beautiful in a person comes from the rays of the sun and from Mother's milk. M. Gorky. Mom Short word - only four letters. A
Composition in what the beloved heroes of Tolstoy see the meaning of life Searching for the meaning of life by the main characters of the novel War and Peace. My favorite character in the novel War and Peace * For the first time Tolstoy introduces us to Andrei Read an essay
Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of the Republic of Crimea
May 9 is a special holiday, "a holiday with tears in the eyes." This is the day of our pride, greatness, courage and bravery. The last shots of the tragic, unforgettable war have long since resounded. But the wounds don't heal
Gallery of books about the Great Patriotic War Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev (born 1924) Soviet writer, participant in the Great Patriotic War. Graduated from the Literary Institute
Municipal Budgetary Institution of Culture "Novozybkov City Centralized Library System" Central Library Nadtochey Natalia, 12 years old Novozybkov Romantic Pages of Love Materials
In memory of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) The work was done by Irina Nikitina, 16 years old, student of MBOU secondary school 36, Penza, 10 "B" class, Teacher: Fomina Larisa Serafimovna Alexander Blagov These days
Municipal Autonomous Preschool Educational Institution Kindergarten 11 of the combined type of the urban district of the city of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan Social project for children and parents of correctional
Theme: Children - heroes of the Great Patriotic War Contains a brief biography of the pioneer heroes: Vali Kotik, Marat Kazei, Zina Portnova. Can be used in the classroom, for extracurricular activities. Target:
FINAL ESSAY 2017/2018. THEMATIC DIRECTION "LOIY AND TREASON". Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about fidelity and treason as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering
Materials for an essay in the direction of "Home" (based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"): home, sweet home What a pity that this novel causes fear in you, my friends, by its very appearance! Great novel of the great
How do you understand what “indifference” and “responsiveness” are? What is the danger of indifference? What is selfishness? What kind of person can be called responsive? What kind of person can be called selfless? How do you understand
An essay on the theme of loyalty and betrayal in the novel The Master and Margarita The novel The Master and Margarita is a novel about the events of two thousand years ago and about loyalty and betrayal, as well as justice, mercy
Day of Remembrance of the soldiers-internationalists dedicated to the 28th anniversary of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan Educational event about the heroes - fellow countrymen, a story about their exploits, respect for a minute of silence
There was a war in the forties, There, they fought to the death for freedom, For there to be no adversity, For there to be no war. I. Vashchenko The whole country rose up against the fascist horde. Hatred filled my heart.
Goals and objectives: "No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten!!!" 1 class. Formation of the foundations of the worldview, interest in social phenomena; Raising a sense of patriotism, pride in the Soviet people. Representation
"Books about the war affect our memory" Yuri Bondarev 1941-1945. From the heroes of bygone times “God forbid that we go through this, But we need to appreciate, understand their feat They knew how to love the Motherland, They are our memory
Dear book about the war Compiled by: Elena Vasilchenko 1418 days and nights the fire of war blazed All the officers and soldiers at the front fought, the elderly, women and children in the rear. Represent this feat in all
How does Petya actively join the epic, what did we already know about him? Does he look like his brother and sister? Is Petya capable of being in the thick of life? How did Tolstoy's favorite heroes enter the "river of people's life"? Peter
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution 150 "Kindergarten of a general developmental type with priority implementation of activities in the cognitive and speech direction of development of pupils"
An open letter to a veteran The action of primary school students of the MOU "Secondary School 5 UIM" Agaki Yegor 2 "a" class Dear veterans! Congratulations on the anniversary of the Victory! Days, years, almost centuries have passed, But we will never forget you!
An essay on the topic of the fate of a person in an inhuman world, an essay in the direction The topics of this direction orient students to wars, the impact of war on the fate of a person and a country, about moral choice
"The War of 1941-1945" (elementary school) The Great Patriotic War On June 22, 1941, the peaceful life of the Soviet people was violated. The Great Patriotic War began. Let history turn the pages back
What is a feat? Municipal budgetary educational institution basic comprehensive school 6 What is a feat? Composition
The theme of the heroic deed of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War is one of the main ones in the work of the outstanding master of literature of socialist realism, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov. "They
Should you always obey your parents? YES, BECAUSE THE ADULTS.. Yes, but do adults deserve the respect of children? Are all adults worthy of respect? Does obedience always convey respect? Is it possible to show
III All-Russian blitz tournament "GREAT VICTORY" (for students of grades 1) Answers The answer must be presented strictly in the form of ONE WORD, LETTER or NUMBER (according to the condition of the task) without quotes, dots, spelling
Front-line writers: war as inspiration ... The moment of truth (In August 1944) The Moment of Truth is the most famous novel in the history of Russian literature about the work of counterintelligence during the Great
On May 6, 2019, as part of the Immortal Regiment school campaign, the school hosted a Courage Lesson “Childhood scorched by war” with the invitation of a juvenile prisoner of a fascist concentration camp, children of war. may 9 multinational
How to become heroes. Purpose: encouragement to self-education of moral stamina, will, determination, masculinity, a sense of duty, patriotism and responsibility to society. Tasks: - to form
The war is long over. But the memory of the feat of our great-grandfathers is kept in the hearts of people. My grandfather will be 50 years old and he was not in the war. But he told me about my great-grandfathers. Kachanov Nikolai Abramovich fought
Courage. What it is? I think that courage is decisiveness in thoughts and actions, the ability to stand up for yourself and for other people who need your help, overcoming all kinds of fears: for example, fear of the dark, of someone else's brute force, of life's obstacles and difficulties. Is it easy to be brave? Not easy. Probably, this quality should be brought up from childhood. Overcoming your fears, moving forward despite difficulties, developing willpower in yourself, not being afraid to defend your opinion - all this will help to cultivate in yourself such a quality as courage. Synonyms for the word "courage" - "courage", "decisiveness", "courage". Antonym - "cowardice". Cowardice is one of the human vices. We are afraid of many things in life, but fear and cowardice are not the same thing. I think that meanness grows out of cowardice. The cowardly will always hide in the shadows, stay aloof, fearing for his own life, betray in order to save himself.
People are brave and cowardly both in war and in everyday life. Let's look at some examples from the literature.
“One of the most important human vices is cowardice,” these are the words of one of the heroes of M. Bulgakov's work “The Master and Margarita”. The biblical chapters of the novel tell about the fifth procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, who “washed his hands” and did not take the liberty of passing an acquittal to the wandering philosopher Yeshua. Pilate was afraid to ruin his career, so he went against his conscience. There is no moral justification for his cowardice, for which he is severely punished: two thousand years of pangs of conscience have tormented the procurator.
The Bible chapters echo the rest of the novel's chapters, which tell about Moscow in the 1930s. Stalin's time, political repression - all this is hidden in the subtext of the work. At the heart of opportunism, cowardice, meanness of many heroes of the novel lies cowardice. The author wants to say that it was she who led to the fact that millions of people died in Stalin's camps and dungeons. “Cowardice is the main cause of meanness on earth” - one cannot but agree with these words of the writer.
A person must learn to cultivate courage and overcome cowardice from childhood. The writer Vladimir Zheleznikov also speaks about this in his story "Scarecrow". The heroine of this work, Lenka Bessoltseva, took on someone else's fault. Perhaps, at her age, this is also a bold act. After all, she is still a teenager, and this is the first serious test in her life. For her courage, Lenka endures a lot: a boycott of classmates, persecution - she is “chased” around the city - and even an execution: a stuffed animal in her dress is burned at the stake. And the one whose fault she took upon herself is a coward. Lenkin's classmate Somov, a handsome and successful boy, is afraid to break out of the "flock" of his own kind, to save Lenka, to confess his not so big fault. Cowardice leads to the first meanness in life. But the first meanness is the most difficult. Cross this line - and it will be easier to cross it every time. Zheleznikov's story teaches both children and adults to think about themselves, about their human qualities, about courage and cowardice.
Eduard Asadov has a poem "Coward". Its plot is simple. Two heroes, “a guy with a sports figure and a girl with a fragile stem”, collide in the evening with two “shouldered dark silhouettes”. The author tells how a guy who had just talked about his exploits, about how he swam across the bay in a storm, "began to unfasten his watch in a hurry." And the girl, the “sparrow soul”, burned the robbers with her own words, called them fascists, scum, showed by her behavior that she was not at all afraid of them. The brave girl managed to protect both herself and her boyfriend. "Sparrow Soul" turned out to be brave, and her companion - a coward. Asadov's poem tells about ordinary young people and makes you think about how each of us would act in such a situation.
In conclusion, I would like to say that this topic of the essay interested me, because courage and cowardice play a big role in our life, therefore it is so important to cultivate the best human qualities in oneself, to become brave and strong, not to be a coward.
Essay topic:
Can a brave person be afraid?
It is generally accepted that a brave person is not afraid of anything. But is it? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to define what courage means and what kind it is. In dictionaries, courage is a positive moral and volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger.
Indeed, courage is usually associated with walking on the edge, with the threat of life, but it can also manifest itself in everyday situations. Brave men are not only in war, we meet them everywhere. One can be called brave who is not afraid to express his opinion, who has the courage to differ from the majority, is able to perceive the new. Does courage involve fear? In my opinion, only a fool is not afraid. It is not shameful to be afraid, but only a person who overcomes fear can be called brave.
Numerous writers have addressed this topic. So, the story of E. Ilyina "The Fourth Height" is dedicated to overcoming fears. Gulya Koroleva is an example of courage in all its manifestations. Her whole life is a battle with fear, and each victory is a new height. In the work we see the life story of one person, the formation of a real personality. Every step she takes is a manifesto of determination. From the first lines of the story, little Gulya shows real courage in various life situations. Overcoming childhood fears, she takes a snake out of the box with her bare hands, sneaks into a cage with elephants in a zoo. The heroine grows, and the trials encountered in life become more serious: the first role in the cinema, the recognition of her wrong, the ability to answer for her actions. Throughout the work, he does what he is afraid of. Growing up, Gulya Koroleva marries, she has a son. It seems that all fears are defeated, you can live a quiet family life, but the biggest test awaits her ahead: the war begins, and her husband goes to the front. She is afraid for her husband, her son, the future of the country, but fear does not paralyze her, does not force her to hide. The girl goes to work as a nurse in the hospital to contribute. Unfortunately, her husband dies and Gulya has to fight alone. She goes to the front, unable to look at the horrors that happen to her loved ones. The heroine takes the "fourth height". She dies, having defeated the last fear that lives in a person, the fear of death. On the pages of the story, we see how the main character is afraid, but overcomes her phobias.
The problem of overcoming fear is also revealed in Veronica Roth's novel Divergent. Beatrice Pryor, the protagonist of the story, leaves her home, the Forsaken faction, to become Fearless. She is afraid of the reaction of her parents, she is afraid of not going through the rite of initiation, of being rejected in a new place. But her main strength lies in the fact that she challenges all her fears, looks them in the face. Tris puts herself in great danger, being in the company of the "Fearless", because she is "different", people like her are destroyed. This scares her terribly, but much more she is afraid of herself. She does not understand the nature of her difference from others, she is horrified at the thought that her very existence can be dangerous for people.
The struggle with fears is one of the key problems of the novel. So, Beatrice's beloved name is For, translated from English it means "four". That is the number of fears he needs to overcome. Tris and Four fearlessly fight for their lives, justice, peace in the city they call home. They defeat both external enemies and internal ones, which undoubtedly characterizes them as courageous people.
