Verve - what is it? Meanings and origin of the word. Verv is an ancient community What does a verv mean in ancient Rus'

What is a rope? What is a rope? and got the best answer

Answer from Irina Robertovna Makhrakova[guru]
Read more if you follow the hyperlink.

Answer from Anton Nazarov[guru]
Rope:
* An ancient community organization in Rus' and among the Croats.
* Old rope name.
* Vervnik - a category of Eastern Slavs who lived in the Verv community
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Answer from Sasha Chaban[newbie]
In Russkaya Pravda, a verv is a rural community, an administrative and judicial unit, whose members are bound by mutual responsibility. For example, if the body of a murdered person was found on the territory of the vervi, then all members of the community should be responsible for this crime.
The authorities could impose certain functions on the entire rope, for example, military service or something else, when the members of the community themselves decided which of them would specifically perform this service.
Later, the verv is already a neighboring community, which could consist of several settlements, each such settlement consisted of several settlements. Each village is made up of several families that might or might not have been blood relatives. Arable land, forests, meadows, lands, crafts, reservoirs - all this was the public domain of the rope. All household buildings, household plots, livestock and agricultural implements were in the personal possession of each family. For plowing, as well as for mowing, plots were allocated for personal use.
In all administrative documents dating back to the time of the existence of such peasant communities, the population of Vervi is referred to as people, in the north such formations were called “world”. In the lands of the southern Slavs, the term “zadruga” is considered by many historians to be equivalent to the term “verv”. That's what a rope is.

Answer from Nina Evloeva[newbie]
verv is a neighboring territorial community.

Answer from Christina Sorokina[newbie]

Answer from Dusty Live[active]
Verv (from "verv" - a rope, a piece of land measured with a rope), an ancient community organization in Rus' and among the Croats.

Answer from Marina Sigaeva[newbie]
Verv (other - Russian vrv, vrv) - an ancient community organization in Rus' and among the Croats; local community with certain land boundaries and circular responsibility in certain cases.

Answer from Sergey Vinokurov[expert]
VESTIBULAR, vestibular apparatus - "a sense organ in humans and vertebrates, perceiving changes in the position of the head and body in space." From Latin vestibulum "vestibule" (SIS). ¦ Latin vestibular stem from Russian, in which part of the line is from Arabic ??? ba: l “head”, related to Russian white in delirium tremens (see), and part of st is an Arabic affix with the meaning to keep for oneself”, so the stem literally means “holding the head, head”. The stem of the plant constantly adjusts the position of the head relative to the sun. The Arabic affix st corresponds to the root affix X, compare the Arabic ??? x#abl "rope, what is controlled by a camel, a rope", whence the well-known Koranic saying: ??????? ???? ???? itas#imu: bi-x#abl illah "hold on to the rope of Allah."

Answer from Christie[active]
Verv (other - Russian vrv, vrv) - an ancient community organization in Rus' and among the Croats; local community with certain land boundaries and circular responsibility in certain cases. Mentioned in "Russian Truth" (XI century).

Answer from Albert[guru]
Verv (from "verv" - a rope, a piece of land measured with a rope), an ancient community organization in Rus' and among the Croats. Mentioned in the Russkaya Pravda (legislative monument of Kievan Rus) and in the Politsky statute (legislative monument of the Police - a small area on the Dalmatian coast in Croatia). Initially, V. was an organization of a consanguineous nature. However, in the future, under the influence of various socio-economic conditions, the evolution of V. among Russians and among the southwestern Slavs occurs differently. Russian Truth tells of V. as a rural community freed from blood ties; in the V. Politsky Statute, there is also a weakening of blood ties, but nevertheless some elements of them still remain. The social system reflected in Russkaya Pravda is more developed than police social relations expressed in the Politsky Statute, although Russkaya Pravda in some of its parts reflects social relations of the 8th-12th centuries. , and the Politsky statute - 15-17 centuries.
In Russkaya Pravda, V. is absolutely devoid of any signs of a kindred collective. It is a rural community covering a large area. Members of V. are not called relatives. Russian truth calls them "people". They are bound by mutual responsibility, they are obliged to look for the thief on their territory - to “chase the trail”, to be responsible for the murder on their territory, if the killer is not found, and the body of the murdered person turned out to be on the land of V. The verv-community also performed other functions imposed on it by the authorities.
Croatian V. still bears weak features of consanguinity. The police statute does not know any real social organization, which it would call V. It is difficult to establish whether V. is synonymous with the village in it, or whether V. is part of the village. Both assumptions are plausible.
There is a large literature about V., but so far this issue cannot be considered definitively resolved.

1) Rope -

2) Rope- - rope, lace.

3) Rope

4) Rope- - (from "verv" - rope) - a piece of land measured with a rope to the community. This custom was based on a blood-kinship basis. Later, under the influence of various socio-economic conditions, the rope evolved. So, from Russkaya Pravda it is already clear that the verv is a rural community, freed from blood and family ties. The members of the vervi were bound by mutual responsibility, they had to be responsible for the murder of a person if the body of the murdered person was found on the ground of the vervi. Verv - the community was obliged to perform a number of other functions imposed on it by the authorities.

5) Rope- - in the south of Kievan Rus, a territorial peasant community. The northern equivalent is "peace".

6) Rope- a territorial community, a remnant of an ancient tribal union bound by mutual responsibility.

7) Rope- - Old Slavic rural neighborhood community; consisted of several villages (3-4). Several families lived in each village. All possessions of the community were divided into public (arable land, meadows, forests, crafts, lands, reservoirs) and personal (house, garden plot, livestock, inventory). Arable land and mowing were divided between families.

8) Rope- - Heb. hevel. Rope or rope. Gen. 38:18,25 (baldric); Court. 16:9 (string); Number 15:38 (thread); Is. 44:13 (line); Am. 7:17) (the boundary line); in a figurative sense, a demarcated land or plot, for example, I. Nav. 17:5,14; 19:9; Deut. 32:9. Ref. Ps. 18:5, where Heb. the word rope (Russian Bible - sound) is interpreted by some as an area, others as a string or sound (Rom. 10:18).

9) Rope- the name of the community in Ancient Rus' and among the southern Slavs. V., mentioned in Russkaya Pravda, was probably a territorial community and was collectively responsible for the murders and thefts committed within its borders.

rope

The name of the community in Ancient Rus' among the southern Slavs.

Rope, lace.

The name of the community in Ancient Rus' among the southern Slavs.

- (from "verv" - rope) - a piece of land measured with a rope to the community. This custom was based on a blood-kinship basis. Later, under the influence of various socio-economic conditions, the rope evolved. So, from Russkaya Pravda it is already clear that the verv is a rural community, freed from blood and family ties. The members of the vervi were bound by mutual responsibility, they had to be responsible for the murder of a person if the body of the murdered person was found on the ground of the vervi. Verv - the community was obliged to perform a number of other functions imposed on it by the authorities.

In the south of Kievan Rus, there is a territorial peasant community. The northern equivalent is "peace".

territorial community, the remnant of an ancient tribal union bound by mutual responsibility.

Old Slavonic rural neighborhood community; consisted of several villages (3-4). Several families lived in each village. All possessions of the community were divided into public (arable land, meadows, forests, crafts, lands, reservoirs) and personal (house, garden plot, livestock, inventory). Arable land and mowing were divided between families.

Heb. hevel. Rope or rope. Gen. 38:18,25 (baldric); Court. 16:9 (string); Number 15:38 (thread); Is. 44:13 (line); Am. 7:17) (the boundary line); in a figurative sense, a demarcated land or plot, for example, I. Nav. 17:5,14; 19:9; Deut. 32:9. Ref. Ps. 18:5, where Heb. the word rope (Russian Bible - sound) is interpreted by some as an area, others as a string or sound (Rom. 10:18).

the name of the community in Ancient Rus' and among the southern Slavs. V., mentioned in Russkaya Pravda, was probably a territorial community and was collectively responsible for the murders and thefts committed within its borders.

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The term "rope" today can definitely be called historicism, but this should by no means be a reason not to get acquainted with its origin and meaning, because it is directly related to the history and development of Russia.

Definition

Historians and scientists note that this word denoted an ancient community that existed on the territory of Rus' and among the Croats. The etymology is based on the ancient custom of people to mark their plots of land with a rope. This type of community is mentioned in Russkaya Pravda, an important document of Kievan Rus, and also in the Croatian Politsky statute, which is an ancient legislative monument of a small region in Croatia (on the Dalmatian coast).

Evolution

Some scientists believe that initially the verv was an exclusively consanguineous organization, and later, under the influence of various socio-economic factors, it turned into a society based, rather, on the principle of neighborhood, i.e. the people who belonged to it were united by an exceptionally close place of residence.

Scientists who are ardent supporters of the territorial community are especially active in defending their views. One of the main reasons is that such a group can be called much more progressive, and historians are unwilling to agree that other peoples were more developed than the inhabitants of Rus'. Since the rope is an association of various social strata of people, over time it has undergone various changes.

Etymology

Linguists also began to study the origin of this word in order to provide reliable data on the history of the concept. It turned out that it is no coincidence that the name of the community is consonant with the word "rope".

This may indicate that such associations were built on the principle of a common place of residence, since other peoples also used to measure their possessions with cords of a certain length, therefore, it is quite possible that the concept of "rope" came from here. The definition of "rope" is preserved in the documents of the XIX century. Then it was a measure equal to 1850 square fathoms. They spoke about the process of measuring the lands like this: "to recruit" and "to believe."

"Russian Truth" and the Police Statute

As noted above, in different areas of the community took place in different ways. Although it is generally accepted that the rope is an organization based on kinship ties, over time the principle of association has changed. The Russkaya Pravda says that this rural community was not based on blood ties, and the Politsky Statute noted that there was only a weakening of this feature, but some of its elements were still preserved.

"Russkaya Pravda" describes a much more developed one than the one mentioned in the Politsky Statute. But this discrepancy is very easily explained. Separate parts of "Russian Truth" tell about the society of the VIII-XII centuries, while the Politsky Statute describes the system of the XV-XVII centuries.

Mutual responsibility

In Russkaya Pravda it is said that a verv is a rural association of people living on a large territory. Despite the fact that the members of the community are not connected by blood ties, there exists between them which obliges each member to look for the thief and answer for the murder according to the law. There were other functions that the rope was obliged to perform. They were determined by the authorities.

Any kind of community contributed to the development of the social structure of the ancient society. Of course, the same can be said about the rope. It was an association of people, about which it is difficult to speak unambiguously. It is only clear that the rope was another link in the development of Russian history and favorably influenced it.

community organization in Dr. Rus' and the south. Slavs. The term "B." found in Russkaya Pravda and the Politsky Statute. In Russkaya Pravda, V. is mentioned when determining the punishment for the murder of a fireman and when a corpse is found on the territory. V. (Art. 20 of the Short Truth, Art. 3 of the Long Truth), as well as in connection with the payment of wild vira, upon discovery of a murderer in V. or a dead man who cannot be identified, etc. (Art. 4, 5, 19, 70 of the Long Truth). V. is implied in Art. 19 of the Brief Truth, which provides for the case when the killer of the fireman is discovered and thereby V. (called "people" in the article) is exempted from paying the vira. In the Politsky Statute, V. is mentioned in articles on the division of land, on rope land, and on mills (Articles 59, 62, 80). The term "B." comes from a rope, a piece of land that was occupied by members of V. was measured. About the character of V. in ist. lit-re there are different opinions. Slavophile F. I. Leontovich, who was the first to compare V. Rus. truth from the V. Polinka statute, considered V. as specific. Societies. the phenomenon of the Slavs and initially considered V. a large family, a family community (zadruga of the southern Slavs). Later, by virtue of the testimony of sources, he admitted that V. was not only a family community, but also a household. org-tion, where family ties are already broken. Leontovich's opinion about V. - a large family - was shared by Mr. F. Blumenfeld, K. N. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, A. Ya. Efimenko, and also owls. scientist S. V. Yushkov and others. M. P. Vladimirsky-Budanov was the first to seriously criticize this view. Based on the articles Rus. truth, providing for the "persecution of the trace", he showed the absurdity of the assumption that it is possible to "chase the trace" on the territory. family community, occupying one yard. Vladimirsky-Budanov believed that V. was a territorial rural community. This opinion was shared by V. Leshkov, I. D. Belyaev, M. A. Dyakonov and A. E. Presnyakov, who believed that V. Rus. the truth is already a territorial neighborly, and not a blood union. This point of view is shared by historians M. N. Tikhomirov and B. D. Grekov. The latter also owns a study of data on V. in the Politsky Statute, as a result of which he came to the conclusion that the V. mentioned in the statute is not a large family, but a territory. a community that retained the remnants of tribal relations. In the Yugoslav historical lit-re there are several. views on the meaning of the term "B." in the Middle Ages. Croatian documents. In pre-war historiography, some scientists (I. Strohal, I. Ruzic) believed that the term "V." means "between", "border", others (M. Radosavlevich) believed that this is a society. org-tion, located between the friend and the tribe, the third (V. Yagich, I. Mazhuranich) understood V. as a "line of kinship". The latter point of view is substantiated in detail by modern. Yugoslav historian I. Bozhich. In modern Yugoslav V.'s historiography is also interpreted as a collection of distant relatives who do not have a common x-va, but still retain some common economic. interests (O. Mandic), and as the name of the land that arose during its periodical. redistribution (M. Barada). Lit .: Leontovich F., Ancient Croatian-Dalmatian legislation, O., 1868; his, On the meaning of the rope according to Rus. truth and the Politsky statute, compared with the other southwest. Slavyan, "ZhMNP", 1867, April; Blumenfeld G. F., On the forms of land ownership in other Russia, O., 1884; Vladimirsky-Budanov M. P., Zadruzhnaya theory and other Russian. land ownership, "Universitetskie izv.", 1884, No 11; Presnyakov A.E., Lectures on Russian history, vol. 1 - Kievan Rus, M., 1938; Freidenberg M. M., "Verv" in medieval Croatia, Uch. app. Velikoluksky state. ped. in-ta, 1961, c. 15; Bozhih I., "Vrv" at the Red-handed Statute, in the book: Collection of Philosophical Faculty, book. 4-1. Beograd, 1957; Tikhomirov M. N., Issledov. about Rus. truth, M.-L., 1941; Yushkov S. V., Socio-political. system and law of the Kyiv state-va, M., 1949; Grekov B. D., Police, M., 1951; his own, Big family and rope Rus. Truth and Police Statute, El. works, vol. 2, M, 1959 (review of literature on p. 564-66); Pravda Russian, vol. 2, M.-L., 1947, p. 261-74; Statute of the Kidney, uredio V. Jagich "Monumenta historico-juridica slavorum meridionalium", 1890, v. 4, p. 1; Ravich v. Pfauenthal, Matic A. T., Reetar M., Statut der Poljica, in: Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und der Herzegowina, Bd 12, W., 1912; Mandic O., Bratstvo u ranosrednjovjekovnoj Hrvatskoj, "Historijski zbornik", god. 5, Zagreb, 1952; Barada M., Starohrvatska seoska zajednica, (Zagreb, 1957). I. U. Budovnits, Yu. V. Bromley. Moscow.

Rope is an obsolete word, as a result of which its meaning is most likely not known to so many people. Moreover, it has more than one ...

By Masterweb

"Rope" is an obsolete word, as a result of which its meaning is most likely not known to so many people. Moreover, it has not one, but several interpretations. A detailed answer to the question of what this is a "rope" is placed in this article.

Dictionary interpretation

The definition of the concept of "rope" in the dictionary is given in five versions, and all of them are marked "obsolete":

1. The first of them is the name of an ordinary rope in ancient times among peasants - a flexible and long product woven from linen (hemp) strands or fibers.
2. The second is closely related to the first, but still has a difference. This is the most common name for a thick thread, which consisted of several (three or four) twisted or lowered rows. As a rule, it was a hemp thread twisted from a cable.

To make it more clear, you should “decipher” what hemp and cable are. Hemp is a coarse fiber extracted from the long (about three years) soaking of hemp stalks in running water. As for the cable, it is a resin linen strand, which is impregnated with an antiseptic substance and woven in a special way. This gives it increased resistance to decay and greatly increases its service life. As a rule, the described type of rope was used for caulking log cabins, wooden ships, and for the production of cables used on sailing ships.

Usage examples

For a better understanding of the understanding that this is a rope in Ancient Rus', it is advisable to consider examples of the use of the word in the two indicated meanings:

• The rope was unwinding faster and faster and was already coming to an end, when suddenly it weakened and hung.
• The wind tore at his thin gray caftan, which was girded with a simple rope.
• Six workers retreated further, pulled on a rope as thick as the wrist of a healthy man, which was tied to the starting lever.
• The frail hard worker was lowered into the well, tied with a rope, and with the help of it they raised him.
• The clerk brought the rope, the bishop sprinkled it, and the one who was instructed to tie the throne tied it so that there was a cross on each side.

Unit of measurement and plot

In addition to the above values, rope is also one of the units of measurement, a peasant land measure, equal to 1,850 square sazhens. A square sazhen is a unit of area that was abolished in the Soviet Union with the transition to the metric system. This measure of area had both a width and a length of one sazhen. A square sazhen in the metric system is equal to 4.55 m². Thus, the rope in terms of modern units of measurement will be 1,850 x 4.55 = 8,417.5 m² or 8,417.5 x 0.0001 = 0.84 hectares.

Another meaning of the rope is a section that is fenced with a rope.

Sentence examples

For the last two definitions of the rope, they will be as follows:

• In the Psalter, with an indication of help in everyday needs when reading, the words are given: “The boundary ropes are laid for me in the best places, because my property is the best for me.”
• Whoever sheds his sweat on the ground, in the bins of the rope closest to him, pours a twentieth of the grain received for general stocks, doing this in case of a crop failure.

Rope as a way of life

Another dictionary interpretation of the rope in Ancient Rus' is a community organization that existed among the Russians and the Croats. It had certain land boundaries and, in some cases, circular responsibility. There are references to it in the Russkaya Pravda (XI century).

At an early stage, such a community was connected by blood ties. She had a common plot of land on which everyone worked together, pastures, forests. And individual courtyard buildings were in personal ownership.

Then the rope undergoes an evolution, during which, according to new social and economic conditions, not only blood relatives, but also neighbors and families can live on its territory.

In Russkaya Pravda, Verv is described as a rural community, which is an administrative and judicial unit. Its members are bound together by mutual responsibility. When the body of a murdered person was on its territory, all members of the vervi were responsible for the crime.

Some functions were transferred by the authorities to the community. For example, it jointly decided which of its members would perform military service.

Later, the verv becomes a neighboring community. It may also consist of a certain number of settlements, each of which has several settlements. The village includes several families, both relatives and strangers.

At the same time, the ropes are publicly owned: arable land, meadows, forests, reservoirs, lands, crafts. The family owned personal plots, agricultural implements, livestock, and household buildings. For mowing and plowing, plots were allocated for personal use.

In the administrative documents of that time, the Vervi population is called "people", in the north they were called "peace".

Etymology

A better understanding of the fact that this is a rope will help familiarity with the origin of the word. As for its etymology in the meaning of "rope", here scientists agree, believing that it has Slavic roots. They see his connection:

• with Old Russian - vrv;
• with Old Church Slavonic - vrv;
• Slovenian - vȓv;
• Old Czech - vrv;
• Lithuanian - virve.

There are discrepancies regarding the concept of a vervi associated with a peasant community. Among other things, there are the following versions of origin:

• Old Norse hverfi - "village" or skógaverfi - "forest village";
• Old Norse hvérfi – “circle, “circle”, “districts” or hvarf – “disappearance”, “ring”, “circle”;
• Norwegian kvarv - "circle";
• Swedish hwarf - "district".

However, the most popular version is that in the meaning of the community, “verv” comes from the word “rope”, which was referred to as a plot of land marked by it.

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