The fighting of the Amur flotilla. The Pacific Fleet and the Amur Flotilla in the Defeat of Japan The Red Banner Amur Flotilla

From the beginning of the first "Muraviev rafting" along the Shilka and Amur rivers in the mid-1950s and until the end of the century, the situation in the Far East region of Russia was relatively calm. In 1900, it escalated in connection with the Yihetuan uprising that swept China, or, as it was called then, the Boxer Rebellion. In principle, it was the struggle of the Chinese people against the dominance of foreigners, and Russia in Northeast China at that time also had its own economic and political interests. As early as the beginning of 1897, the Amur-Ussuri Cossack flotilla was created to ensure the safety of Russian settlements located along the banks of the Argun, Shilka, Ussuri and Amur. It consisted of steamships "Cossack Ussuriysky" (former "Shilka") and "Ataman", steam boat "Patrol" and two barges. In 1900, the civilian ships of the Waterways Administration hastily began to be converted into original gunboats with guns and machine guns, equipped with teams of riflemen and artillerymen. The crews, as a rule, consisted of Transbaikal, Amur and Ussuri Cossacks, who were familiar with river business. Naturally, these were not quite combat-ready ships and they could not cope with the tasks of that time. In this regard, in 1903, the State Defense Council of the Russian Empire decided to create a permanent military flotilla on the Amur. Thus, the approved plan was based on the idea of ​​creating a mobile defense of the Amur by the forces of river ships. Organizationally and technically, this project was extremely difficult to implement, primarily due to the remoteness of this territory from the European part of Russia. Nevertheless, it was implemented in full and quite original, without significant financial costs.

The ancestor of the Amur River Flotilla was Kokuy, at that time an unremarkable village of three streets with a railway siding. He picked up a kind of baton at the Shilkinsky Zavod, where in the middle of the 19th century ships for "Muravyov's alloys" were built, including the first steamships "Argun" (1854) and "Shilka" (1855). The choice fell on Kokui not by chance. It is from Kokuya that the deep, and, consequently, the least dangerous for navigation, Shilka fairway begins. Plus, the Trans-Siberian Railway (Chelyabinsk - Sretensk) had already been built, and the terrain in the Kokuya area was perfect for it. Kokuy, moreover, had two piers, Upper and Lower, and was already known as a certain center of shipbuilding on Shilka - in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, barges and steamships of small tonnage were assembled here.

A typical design of a steam gunboat for the needs of the Russian fleet was developed back in 1887, but only 15 years later, they finally began to implement it. The gunboats were intended specifically for sailing along the Amur. According to the decision of the Council of State Defense of the Russian Empire, the military department signed a contract with the Sormovo plant for the construction of ten steam gunboats. The first ship was launched on September 7, 1905. Others followed.

By order of the Naval Department of November 14, 1905, they were given the names: “Buryat”, “Vogul”, “Vostyak”, “Zyryanin”, “Kalmyk”, “Kyrgyz”, “Korel”, “Mongol”, “Orochanin” and “ Siberian". The project was a vessel 54 meters long and 8.2 meters wide, with a displacement of 193 tons. It carried two 75-mm guns and 4 machine guns. The draft, as it should be for a river steamer, was small - 60 cm. It should be noted that the first gunboat was tested on the Volga, while the rest were supposed to be sent disassembled by rail for further assembly to Kokuy.

In the summer of 1906, work was already in full swing in Kokuya: assembly, painting, testing of ship hulls with water, installation and testing of boilers for steam engines, rudders, installation of pipes, drainage systems. All work was carried out by hand in the open air. The shipyard of the Sormovsky plant was located in the area of ​​​​the Upper pier.

On May 10, 1907, in the presence of the commander of the Amur River Flotilla, Captain 1st Rank A.A. Kononov, Andreevsky flags and pennants flew over the Buryat, Mongol and Orochanin. Then the ships made their first trip along the Shilka and Amur, and in the fall they returned to the Muravyevsky backwater of the city of Sretensk (after the revolution it became the backwater named after Samarin). The crews of the gunboats were completed mainly by Baltic sailors, and future ship radio telegraph operators were also trained in St. Petersburg. In the album of the industrialist P.E. Shustov, stored in the Sretensky Museum of Local Lore, there is a unique photograph of the three lead gunboats of this series from the time of their first campaign. It has been reproduced by us in this edition.

Seven other boats were being completed at this time. Taking into account the perfect campaign of the first three ships, they were modernized. For example, deck superstructures were removed, the engine room was protected by armor, two 120-mm guns, a howitzer and 4 machine guns were already installed on each ship. The ships became 51 tons heavier, but received more powerful weapons and began to be called armored.

Acceptance of gunboats of this class took place from May to July 1908. For the winter, eight of them went down to Blagoveshchensk, one of the main bases of the flotilla, while the Buryat and Zyryanin, with the commander of the flotilla, remained in the Muravyovskiy backwater, laying the foundation for the Sretensky detachment. The backwater was built in 1861 for the wintering of merchant ships. By 1907, a workshop with a lathe was built in it. In 1911, the ice-protecting dam was overhauled, and in the same year up to 68 units of various ships wintered in Zaton. In the spring of 1909, combat ships were radio-equipped, and the coastal station in Zaton received the first radiogram from Chita from the district commander.

So in July 1906, the Amur military flotilla was born, which in 1917 went over to the side of Soviet power, and in September 1918 was captured by the invaders. Then only the Orochanin and the messenger ship Pika, also assembled in Kokuy, managed to leave Blagoveshchensk for the upper reaches of the Zeya. Together with them, 20 ships and 16 barges with troops and evacuated personnel of the Soviet institutions of the Amur region left. In one of the battles, the Orochanin fought back to the last shell, and then the crew blew up the gunboat, repeating the feat of the legendary Korean during the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Having captured the "Buryat" and "Mongol", the Japanese took them to Sakhalin Island, and returned only in 1925. "Buryat" was reactivated, put into operation and in October-November 1929 participated in hostilities during the well-known conflict on the CER. In 1932, the Mongol also went into service. In 1936 - 1937, both gunboats were overhauled, and then participated in the 1945 war with Japan as part of the Amur River Flotilla under the command of Rear Admiral N.V. Antonov. The Mongol was withdrawn from the active flotilla on February 28, 1948, and the Buryat on March 13, 1958.

The experience of the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905 forced the Russian government to take up the construction of more modern ships for the Amur military flotilla. In addition, it became clear that ten gunboats were clearly not enough to protect the vast river area. The designers were put under extremely tough conditions: the draft of the ship should not exceed 1.2 - 1.4 m, the fuel supply should be enough to go from Khabarovsk to Blagoveshchensk and back. The ships needed to install long-range naval guns, reliable armor and provide a speed of at least 10 knots. Baltiysky won in the fierce competition between factories, having received an impressive order worth 10,920,000 rubles from the Coastal Defense Committee.

These new generation gunboats with diesel engines were later called monitors. Their length was 70.9 m, width - 12.8, draft - 1.5 m, speed 11 knots, displacement - 950 tons. The hull of the ship was divided into 11 compartments with watertight bulkheads. In the middle part, the hull had a double bottom. The ship did not have any superstructures, except for the conning tower and gun turrets on the deck. Four diesel engines with a capacity of 250 hp each. at 350 rpm each provided sufficient speed for that time. The thickness of the turret and side armor was 114 mm, the armor deck - 19 mm. With its two 152 mm turret guns and four 120 mm guns in two turrets, the monitor represented a formidable fighting force with seven machine guns.

The lead gunboat called "Shkval" was assembled and tested in the Gulf of Finland. Ships of this class were planned to be delivered disassembled to Kokuy by rail for subsequent assembly and combat service on the Amur.

On July 5, 1907, an agreement was concluded with a large Sretensky entrepreneur Ya.S.

The first batch of St. Petersburg masters left for Kokuy at the end of September 1907, and on October 22 they already started work. Since a branch of the Sormovsky Plant (later Votkinsky) was already operating in the Upper Pier area, the Amur branch of the Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanical Plant was located in the Lower Pier area (on the site of the modern Sretensky Shipbuilding Plant).

In St. Petersburg, ships were assembled using temporary bolts. Blocks and sections were carefully adjusted, assembled, then disassembled into parts, marked, loaded into trains and followed in Transbaikalia. Each echelon was accompanied by two artisans who knew the ship assembly technology well.

By this time, wooden ship workshops and barracks for workers had already been built in Kokuy. A floating workshop was also built to provide outfitting work. The stocks were arranged parallel to the shore in two rows, and the ships were launched sideways.

On March 12, 1908, the first echelon of 19 wagons and platforms with dismantled warships arrived from the Baltic. At the beginning of April, three parties of workers of 100 people each and about 300 poods of cargo departed from St. Petersburg. On April 24 they arrived in Kokui.

In five large barracks with steam heating and electric lighting with common bunk beds, 650 workers were accommodated, although, heading here, the St. Petersburg residents demanded housing for no more than 10 people with iron beds and mattresses, and put forward other requirements. The factory in Kokuya did not even have a canteen. And, nevertheless, in comparison with the factories that existed here before, it was a fairly solid enterprise. Its territory was surrounded by a fence, there was a bathhouse, a first-aid post and even a cinema.

The lead Shkval was launched on June 28, 1908. The assembly of all, as they were then called, turret gunboats was completed in November 1908. In 1909 they were launched, and the "Mongol" and "Zyryanin", which, as we already know, remained in Sretensk, took them to the right bank.

In the late autumn of 1910, the Amur military flotilla was replenished with monitors with the formidable name "Whirlwind", "Blizzard", "Thunderstorm", "Smerch", "Typhoon", "Hurricane", "Squall", "Storm". Already the first tests of turret gunboats showed their high reliability and it was no coincidence that they were recognized as the most powerful military river boats in the world of that time. The latest artillery systems installed on them made it possible to fire on both sides, which at that time was a new and important advantage of such a ship. At the same time, a large dock was built in Kokuy to serve the ships of the Amur military flotilla, which, with high water, was towed to Khabarovsk.

At the beginning of the First World War, weapons were removed from most of the monitors and sent to the operating fleets. In 1920, the Japanese captured and took away with them all the remaining ships, leaving the Storm as unarmed. In 1925-1926, the Japanese returned part of the monitors, and together with the gunboats they formed the backbone of the Soviet Amur River Flotilla. "Storm" was repaired and renamed "Lenin". In 1929, he took an active part in the battles during the conflict on the CER. Fire from it, as well as from the Sun-Yatsen (formerly Shkval), Sverdlov, and Krasny Vostok monitors, destroyed the Chinese Sungarian flotilla, and ensured the landing and movement of the landing force. For military operations, the Amur military flotilla in 1930 received the Order of the Red Banner.

And, finally, in 1909, in Kokuya, the Putilov plant completed ten messenger ships (armored boats) of the Pika type. These were small ships compared to gunboats. Their length was 22 m, width - three, displacement - 23.5 tons, draft - 51 cm. Two engines with a capacity of 200 hp. provided a speed of 15 knots. The wheelhouse, sides, deck and cellars were protected by bulletproof armor 7.9 mm thick. The armament of the vessel consisted of a 76-mm mountain gun and two machine guns. The boats also became part of the Amur River Flotilla under the names "Dagger", "Spear", "Broadsword", "Pika", "Pistol", "Bullet", "Rapier", "Saber", "Saber", and "Bayonet" .

By the beginning of the First World War (1910-1914), the Amur military flotilla was quite combat-ready and fully carried out the tasks assigned to it to protect the Amur and Far Eastern borders of Russia. It consisted of 28 warships, which included monitors (8), gunboats (10) and armored boats (10). The given data testify that it is Kokuy that is the birthplace of the Amur military flotilla, since all warships without exception were assembled by factories on its territory.

It can also be added that at the end of 1914, 8 armored boats were transferred to the west in connection with the outbreak of the First World War. Four - to the Baltic, where their 76-mm guns replaced 47-mm, and throughout the war they carried guard duty in the Baltic skerries. In April 1918, the Finns captured them, but the Russian crews managed to bring the ships into complete disrepair.

The other four boats were captured by the Germans on May 1, 1918 in Sevastopol. One was handed over to Turkey, the rest in 1919 operated in the Caspian Sea as part of the White Guard flotilla. The "Pika" and "Spear" remaining in the Far East participated in the civil war and were taken by the Japanese to Sakhalin, and then returned to the Soviet Union. After a major overhaul, they entered service, participated in all hostilities in the Far East. And only in 1954 they were excluded from the fleet.

A new period in the construction of warships for the Red Banner Amur Military Flotilla (KAF) and the Pacific Fleet (Pacific Fleet) began at the end of the 30s of the last century in connection with another aggravation of the situation in the Far East. The choice again fell on Kokui - it was historically predetermined. But it was necessary to start work in the Lower Wharf area from scratch, since with the outbreak of the First World War, all industrial production in Kokuya ceased. By 1917-1918, the equipment of the shipbuilding branches of the St. Petersburg plants was dismantled and removed, and the buildings were sold.

In 1934-1935, the construction of a shipyard began in Kokuya, and in 1938, the new enterprise was already receiving technical documentation for the construction of special-purpose ships under the code names "Liter A", "Liter G" and others. These were landing ships for the transport and landing of military equipment. The shipyard acquires a special department, a secret part, armed guards, and in 1939 it receives a new status - the plant of mailbox 22 with the telegraph index "Anchor", later "Sopka". And in May 1940, the plant under number 369 is included in the list of special regime enterprises of the shipbuilding industry of the USSR. Thus, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the enterprise already produces military products, has a specific structure, which greatly facilitates its transition to a military footing literally from the very first days of the war. The construction and development of the Sretensky shipbuilding plant is the subject of a separate study, in this part we will only touch on the issue of the production of military ships by this enterprise.

The development of new products took place with great tension. The "letter" ships (A and G) were ships of a completely new type. They had continuous elongated superstructures with protective armor plates, equipped with special descending gangways, armed with rapid-fire cannons and machine guns. It was planned to release 4 units of each type, which was done. Later, these ships took part in the fighting against Japan in 1945.

The plant receives an order for another 5 ships, now "Litera M" - sea barges for transporting mines and, finally, "Litera T" - for transporting torpedoes. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, 5 units of letter ships were commissioned. And the plant introduces the institution of military representatives (military representatives) or representatives of the customer. Products of defensive significance during the war years are called "front-line orders." The deadlines for the delivery of facilities are set by the State Defense Committee of the USSR.

The plant is gaining momentum and already in 1942 it was commissioning 28 units of various ships, including 12 type-built ships, 2 mother ships, 2 tugboats equipped with armored tubes and mounts for turrets. During the work, many difficulties had to be overcome, especially in the processing of the edges of the armor plates, their fitting, riveting. There was a lack of special tools, experience in performing these works. It was not easy to install and adjust the installations of machine guns and cannons. Their fine-tuning and testing was carried out with the participation of the personnel of the receiving teams. Trial firing was carried out at night in the direction of the hill on the right bank of the Shilka.

In 1944, the plant included in the plan a fairly large amount of ship repair work for the Amur military flotilla.

In 1945, the plant was given the task of building a large series of offshore semi-icebreaking tugs of the 719 project for the Pacific Navy. Their draft - 1.5 meters did not allow rafting along the shallow Shilka, so they were delivered to the Khabarovsk plant named after S.M. Kirov on specially made pontoons. In Khabarovsk, the final refinement and delivery of the ships was carried out.

In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, the plant built 56 ships for the Amur Military Flotilla and the Pacific Navy. Among them: 5 landing barges, 4 floating batteries, 2 floating bases of armored boats and other ships. He carried out medium and current repairs of ships in the amount of 1,240,000 rubles, with a plan of 845 thousand. In addition to the main products, the range of wartime production included the manufacture of floating bridges, buoys for installing barrier nets in the sea, spare parts for tractors and water-filled rollers, sleds for heavy machine guns and ski mounts for ski battalions of the Red Army, and much more.

Speaking about the ships of the Amur military flotilla, which were repaired at the plant in certain years, perhaps it should be said that armored boats were based in Sretensky backwater until 1952. They were armed with a cannon in a tank turret. A rocket launcher for 16 shells was located at the stern, there was also a coaxial heavy machine gun. The 1000-horsepower Packard boat engine ran on the highest octane gasoline. The ship could move upstream at a speed of 30 km / h. Light armor protected only from small arms. The team consisted of 16 people. The living conditions for the crew were harsh: the boat had neither heating nor a toilet.

The Sretensky detachment was part of the Zeya-Bureinsky brigade, stationed in the village of Malaya Sazanka, in a channel, 20 kilometers from the Zeya bridge, or 160 km from Blagoveshchensk. This also included the slow-moving gunboat Krasnaya Zvezda and the Aktivist monitor. In addition to six armored boats of a separate Sretensky division, the RCHB-24 tugboat Yakov Dmitrievich Butakov from the department of military courts of the harbor was in Zaton. In the summer, this tugboat led the armored boats, side-by-side with "wads" three by one, but led back in the wake one at a time, since it is easier to overcome the resistance of the current "on crumpled water".

The maneuvering base of the division was located on the Amur in Davan, a place above the village of Utesnoye, 40 km from the mouth of the Shilka. The general naval base for combat training was located on the Zeya River.

This begs the question, why was the detachment stationed so far from the central base? There is only one answer: from Sretensk it is faster and easier to get to the border Argun. This was well shown and proved by the fighting against the Japanese in the summer of 1945.

For selfless work on front-line orders, the director of the plant I.M. Sidorenko and the head of the technical department I.S. Gudim were awarded the Order of the Red Star, the chief engineer E.N. war II degree. I.S. Gudim and E.N. Shaposhnikov subsequently worked as directors of the Sretensky shipbuilding plant, and the latter eventually became the Deputy Minister of the USSR shipbuilding industry and a laureate of the State Prize. The medal "For Military Merit" was awarded to advanced workers, "guards of labor": V.P. Zuev, Z. Ibragimov, P.A. Mironov, N.G. Perelomov, S.I. Shipitsyn, I.S. . 435 shipbuilders were awarded medals "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945".

With the end of the war, the construction of warships does not stop. Moreover, the production plan in the summer of 1950 includes the construction of ships of the 450th project.

Project 450 is a small tank landing ship. Its length is 52.5 m, width - 8.2 m, side height - 3.3 m. The ship is single-deck, with a twin-shaft diesel engine, capable of receiving three medium tanks. The total displacement of the vessel was 877 tons. The average draft with an empty displacement did not exceed 1.5 meters (fore - 0.6 m, stern - 2.38 m). Full reserves: diesel fuel - 33 tons, lubricating oil - 1.3 tons, boiler water - 5.1 tons, drinking water - 1.8 tons, washing - 2.7 tons. Autonomy in terms of provisions and fresh water - 10 days .

Behind the scenes, these ships were called "disposable ships." That is, the construction was considered justified if the ship died before it had time to land the tanks. But since the deadline for the “one-time throw” never came, the crews had to operate these simple ships for years with a large number of design flaws, they were conscious and explained by the desire to make the ships as cheap as possible. The ship was intensively used to supply garrisons and frontier posts on the eastern coast of the USSR. It did not have sufficient seaworthiness, especially when going against the wave, it splashed and flooded excessively. The tank hold could be flooded with minor damage to the gangway or side. There was no special winch for self-pulling the ship from the beach after the equipment was disembarked; maintenance of the stern anchor device was inconvenient. The engine room is unbearably cramped. Special vehicles (vans) did not pass into the hold, the transportation of which was a vital necessity.

Before starting the engines of the landing tanks, it was necessary to remove the hatches (wooden covers of the cargo hatches of the tank hold), since the hold did not have forced ventilation, it was gassed immediately and to an unbearable level. The operation of opening the hold was very laborious, and the means of self-defense were minimal - only 2 coaxial machine guns. There was no talk of any measures of anti-aircraft protection. And more than fifty such ships were built.

Ships of this type were not built in the country before, so many problems immediately arose, noted A.P. Laid, who was then the senior builder of the lead ship. The summer of 1951, when the head order was to be launched, turned out to be dry, Shilka was shallow, and the ship was quite large. There were many fears, they were afraid of a possible accident. The ceremony was attended by all the district leadership, including from the district department of the MGB. But everything went well, and in the future, the descent of the ships of this series did without trouble.

The program of mooring tests included the loading and unloading of tanks. This part of the test, for reasons of secrecy, was carried out on the second shift with the involvement of a limited number of participants.

Ships were delivered to Khabarovsk on pontoons. On the sides of the ship, 12 powerful butts were welded on the slipway, to which, after launching, welded brackets were hung. Under them, three submerged pontoons were brought on board, the entire system was leveled, the pontoons were properly fastened to the brackets, the pontoons were blown through, and the ship floated as required. Towing to Khabarovsk lasted about two weeks. There, a dispontoinization took place, then the ship made a control exit on the Amur, after which it went under its own power to the sea base. The pontoons were returned to the plant by rail.

Shipbuilders were particularly difficult to ensure the tightness and watertightness of the ramp, pressed in the closed state along the perimeter and contour of the frame with a rubber seal of a special shape. When raised and closed, the ramp was, as it were, a bow watertight bulkhead; when lowered, tanks entered the hold along it.

In the first year, two ships were commissioned, and in 1952 already seven units. Moreover, the last ship was sent on October 5 unfinished, the completion was carried out en route by a team of 49 people, headed by the builder G.M. Sintsov. All the work was done, the ship was handed over to the customer in Khabarovsk, but it remained to winter there, since it was already risky to take it through the estuary to Vladivostok. In the future, this method of completing the ships was used on other orders.

In 1953, 11 ships were already handed over. But due to severe drought and, accordingly, low water level in Shilka, four objects remained to spend the winter in Sretensky backwater.

The head of the department of the control and receiving apparatus of the Main Directorate of Personnel of the Navy at the plant at that time was an engineer-captain of the 1st rank E.M. Rovensky. An order bearer, he served throughout the war on ships in Kronstadt, and after the war he became the flagship mechanic of the Tallinn Naval Brigade. From 1955 to 1958, A.F. Nikolsky was subordinate to him, later also captain of the 1st rank - engineer, laureate of the State Prize "For work in the field of shipbuilding", awarded the medal "For Military Merit".

In 1962, orders for the Navy resumed, the production plan included the construction of the lead ship of the sea transport project 1823, which is very complex in terms of equipment and installation of special device systems. There are three options for the construction of this ship, two of them are export for operation in the tropics. The customer is the mine and torpedo department of the Pacific Fleet. In connection with the construction of ships of a new order in 1963, welding of polyethylene pipes was mastered at the plant.

The place of completion and delivery of the ships of project 1823 was determined at the plant No. 175 of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok. And again, considerable difficulties had to be overcome, since the plant had no experience, especially in processing and testing the special systems of the ship. In 1964, the plant was unable to hand over the ships to the customer, handing them over only in the second half of 1965, already on the basis of the Khabarovsk shipbuilding plant in Vladivostok.

When sending ships from Kokuy, a difficult situation arose due to the shallow waters of Shilka and the Upper Amur. Having run aground a large motor ship, the Amur Shipping Company refused to tow ships of a military order. Then the factory decided to manage on their own. Sretenskaya pier handed over to Kokuy the decommissioned passenger steamer Murom, built here before the revolution. In just a few days, shipbuilders converted it into a tugboat, recruited a team of machinists, stokers, helmsmen and sailors, invited two retired pilots, and in September 1965, the old wheeled Murom led two warships downstream. For insurance to the Amur, he was accompanied by the factory boat "Sputnik" and the tugboat "Baley" rented from the Sretenskaya pier. The ships safely reached Khabarovsk, and the tugboat returned to Kokuy, where it was re-equipped now as a delivery base and served the plant in Khabarovsk for another 20 years, until it sank in the 80s from an accidental hole.

The first two sea transports were named "Lot" and "Lag". A total of four units were built. The length of the ships of this series was 51.5 m, width - 8.4 m, height - overall 11.2 m, empty draft - 1.87 m, empty displacement - 456 tons, carrying capacity - 220 tons, power - 600 l .With.

Ten years later, in 1976, the plant’s production plan included the construction of the head order of project 1481, a river tanker for the Amur military flotilla, and preparatory work began for the production of an artillery boat of project 1248 (“Mosquito”) for the border troops. By 1978, oil tankers managed to build 4 units.

In the same year, the lead artillery boat of the Mosquito class was laid down. Its length is 38.9 m, width - 6.1 m, displacement 210 tons. The boat has three engines of 1,100 hp each. each and two generators of 50 kW. A tank turret with a 100-mm cannon, a Utes mount, an AK-306 six-barrel mount (a 30-mm ship assault rifle), a ZIF double-barreled 140-mm rocket launcher and a 30-mm grenade launcher are installed on its nose. The armament of the boat includes a portable air defense system of the "Needle" type. The crew is 19 people. During the construction of artillery boats, the most advanced technologies of that time were used at the plant. Their production took place in a regime of heightened secrecy. Ships of this class are rightfully considered the pride of Kokuy shipbuilders in terms of military production.

For the first time in the same years, repairs were provided at the plant for patrol boats and dry-cargo motor ships of the marine units of the KGB border troops of the USSR.

The construction of 8 units of tankers was completed in 1981. Construction of Mosquito-class artillery boats was discontinued in 1992. A total of 23 units were built at the plant. Well-armed and equipped, these ships are still adequately serving to protect the country's water borders. And the small border boat of project 1298 "Aist", mastered by Kokuy shipbuilders, fell in love with the border guards of the Sretensky patrol boat division. Its crew consists of only two people. "Sretenets", as the border guards call them, provide a reliable connection between the outposts on the Argun and the Amur.

In our article on military shipbuilding in Kokuy, it would be unfair to keep silent about the fact that in different years, at different shipyards in the country, envoys from the Sretensky Shipyard participated in the construction of various types of warships, both surface and underwater.

For example, in March 1948, a large group of employees of the ship-assembly shop was sent to Kerch by order of the ministry in order to ensure the delivery of the head order intended for minesweeping and laying mines, and landing operations within the time period set by the government. And the shipbuilders did not disappoint. Soon the first "ploughman" - that's how the minesweeper was affectionately called by military sailors, left the stocks of the plant and got involved in the difficult and dangerous work of clearing the Black and Azov Seas from mines.

In the future, Kokuy shipbuilders more than once showed examples of selfless labor at other plants, thereby making a significant contribution to strengthening the country's defense capability. No wonder the day of the Navy here has long been considered a professional and national holiday, and in recent years it has also become the Day of the village.

At present, despite the catastrophic upheavals of the 1990s, the shipyard has retained its production capacities. Shipbuilders are ready to produce both civil and military vessels. Unfortunately, under the current system, without state support, the plant cannot compete in a clearly unequal struggle with other large shipyards. It is a pity if the history of Russian shipbuilding on Shilka remains only a bright flash in time, full of labor prowess and heroism.

About border boats of project 12130 from the Amur division of border ships of the Russian Coast Guard. An interesting story and a chic photo selection illustrating the construction of boats and subsequent service on the Ussuri and Amur. I’ll just add that the Red Banner Amur Flotilla was disbanded in 1953. the past, after numerous reorganizations and scrapping of most of the ships and boats of the flotilla. The lights themselves (according to the reviews of sailors who served on other types of river military vessels) are an unsuccessful project for the Amur and Ussuri. Designed for service on the rivers of Central Asia, with high superstructures, unstable and slow-moving. With uncomfortable living conditions for the crew. But the most modern boats serving on the river border.

Original taken from evshukin V

13:10 08.01.2016 Combat "Lights" of the Amur Flotilla

Winter. The Amur is ice-bound, but I would like to recall its water surface and huge river spaces stretching to neighboring China. It is precisely because of the close location of the neighboring state that the mighty river is the border for the Far East, and the country's borders must be protected, well, or to show foreigners that we have power and poking around without permission is categorically contraindicated. To protect the state border, the Amur division of border ships of the Russian Coast Guard has ships of various models. One of them is project 12130 Ogonyok artillery boats. Khabarovsk residents and guests of the city could see these ships standing at their combat post on the roadstead opposite the central embankment closer to the left bank of the river. Boats of the "Spark" series are designed for the protection and defense of the state border on rivers and lakes and perform the following tasks: - destruction of combat boats, firing points, military equipment and manpower of the enemy; - fire preparation for landing and fire support for landing operations on the coast; - protection of vehicles at the crossing and parking lot, etc. in case of waves up to 3 points.

The history of the creation of ships began in the late 80s of the last century. It was then that the design of the combat vehicle was created in the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau. But the onset of the collapse of the USSR forced to put the drawings on the shelf, and only after 1991 they saw the light again. Later, the papers were transferred to the Khabarovsk shipbuilding plant, where the production of boats of this series began.

In total, 4 ships were launched into the water. All of them remained in the Far East and became part of the Amur River Flotilla. PSKR-200 (serial number 301) entered service in 1998. In 2003, the ship got its own name - "Admiral Kazakevich". PSKR-201 (serial number 302) was commissioned on August 8, 2001.

PSKR-202 (serial number 303) was launched on May 3, 2006, but was officially commissioned only on February 2, 2007 under tail number 030.

The last in the series was the PSKR-203 (serial number 304). The commissioning of the ship took place on September 10, 2010. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Displacement, t ............................ 91 Length, m ........................................ 33.4 Width, m ....................................... 4.2 Board height, m. ............................. 2.1 Draft, m ....................................... 0.81 Travel speed, km / h. ................... 37.5 Navigation range, km. ............... 500 Autonomy, days ........................ 6 Seaworthiness, points ........................ 3 Crew, pers. ...................................... 17 (2 officers) A warship is designed in such a way that, with its rather large weight, it has a very small draft and is able to sail where the water will reach a person’s waist, and also come close to the shore. High speed is achieved by the work of two thousand-horsepower engines.

The main armament of the boats of the "Spark" series are two 30-mm six-barreled automatic ship installations AK-306. They are capable of hitting air targets at ranges of up to 4,000 meters, and light surface vessels at ranges of up to 5,000 meters. In addition, the Igla portable anti-aircraft missile system is on board.

On the PSKR-201 and PSKR-202, the AK-306 in the bow was replaced with a coaxial 12.7mm Utyos-M heavy machine gun, considering that this modification was better designed to destroy enemy manpower.

We are used to seeing high-tech military systems from TV screens with a mass of monitors, electronic systems and huge rows of blinking buttons. In real combat conditions, the simplest systems are the most reliable. On the ship, they are controlled by a mass of toggle switches and switches. Information is displayed not on computer monitors, but on time-tested devices with arrows and scales.

3 Fleet commanders

4 Notes

5 Literature

6 Links

History of the Amur military flotilla

The formation of the flotilla

The first Russian warships appeared on the Amur River in the summer of 1644 - these were the plows of the Cossack head V.D. Poyarkov, who, with a small detachment of 85 people, rafted down the river and, after wintering in the lower reaches of the Amur, returned through the Sea of ​​Okhotsk to the Yakut prison.
The second expedition led by ataman E.P. Khabarov, which reached the Amur in 1650 also on plows, managed to create Russian settlements along the Amur for a while, but after unsuccessful military operations with Qing China in 1689, under the terms of the unequal Nerchinsk peace, the Russians were forced to leave Amur for 160 years.

Model of the steamship "Argun" (Khabarovsk Regional Museum named after N. I. Grodekov)

On July 10, 1850, as a result of the expedition of Captain-Lieutenant G. I. Nevelsky (later transformed into the Amur expedition), the lower reaches of the Amur became again available to Russia, and on May 18, 1854, the Argun steamer of the Siberian military flotilla, built on the Shilka River, entered the Amur and for the first time carried out rafting to the lower reaches, becoming the first ship of the Russian Navy in the upper and middle reaches of this river.
Almost simultaneously, in 1855, the screw schooner Vostok of the same flotilla and the steam launch Nadezhda of the Amur expedition sailed in the lower reaches of the Amur.

By the time the Aigun treaty was concluded in 1858 and a little later (by 1863), Russia had a pair of wooden gunboats on the Amur and Ussuri rivers and the Sungacha and Ussuri steamers for navigation along the Ussuri, Sungach and Lake Khanka rivers. All these ships were organizationally part of the Siberian Flotilla of the Maritime Department.

Nevertheless, a permanent connection of the Navy on the Amur did not exist for about 60 years, despite the aggravation in relations with China in 1860 and 1880.

Along the Amur and its tributaries since the 1860s. there were private and state-owned steamships, some of which belonged to the Military Department and could be armed: Zeya, Onon, Ingoda, Chita, Konstantin, General Korsakov. On the Amur there were also unarmed steamships of the Siberian flotilla "Shilka", "Amur", "Lena", "Sungacha", "Ussuri", "Tug", "Polza", "Success", screw launches and barges. Steamships were mainly engaged in economic transportation and supply. By the end of the 19th century, 160 steam ships and 261 barges were sailing along the Amur and its tributaries.

1895-1905

The main street of the KAF Base (Khabarovsk) bears the name of the commander of the Varyag cruiser V. F. Rudnev Headquarters of the Red Banner Amur Flotilla, 2013 Rear of the Red Banner Amur Flotilla, 2013 Division of border ships, 2010 Division of border ships, 2005 "Vyuga", border patrol ship 2- first rank (small artillery ship) of project 1208 "Slepen" Border guard ship (PSKR) of the 3rd rank of project 1248 "Moskit" PSKR-314, border guard ship of the 3rd rank of project 1248 PSKR-317 "Khabarovsk" Border guard ship of the project 1249 PSKR-123 "Vasily Poyarkov" (PSKR-322), border patrol ship of the 3rd rank of project 1248 PSKR-054 came to Khabarovsk from Leninsky PSKR-200, border patrol ship of the 4th rank (artillery armored boat) of project 12130 "Spark » Project 1176 landing boat "Akula" River tug PSKR-496 project 1741A "Ob" Project 1481 river bunkering tanker Project 14081 border patrol boat Saigak Border patrol boat Ship of the Amur military flotilla.
Photo taken May 9, 1982,
Khabarovsk Landing hovercraft "Skat" project 1205, 1982 Transportation of military equipment on a ferry, assembled from a PMP kit. Project 14081M "Saigak" boat belongs to the Federal Customs Service. Border guard hovercraft "Mars-700"

The first connection appeared in 1895-1897, although it was not a naval one.

For the defense of the border line, the maintenance of the Cossack villages located on the banks of the Amur, Ussuri and Shilka, a Amur-Ussuri Cossack flotilla.

It initially consisted of the Ataman steamships (flagship), the Ussuri Cossack, the Patrol steamboat, the Lena and Bulava barges. the crews included Transbaikal, Amur, Ussuri Cossacks.

Senior commander (a position equivalent in status to the position of commander of a separate Cossack hundred) until 1901 - Lukhmanov, Dmitry Afanasevich.

The flotilla was based on the Iman River and was subordinate to the Amur Cossack troops and quite successfully defended Russian subjects from the attacks of the Chinese Honghuz, transported goods and passengers until 1917.

The Boxer uprising of 1900, during which boxer and hunghuz gangs fired on Russian ships on the river, showed the need for actual ownership of the waters of the Amur and its tributaries. In addition, the suppression of this uprising resulted in a real war for Russia with regular Chinese troops, during which Russian troops defended the CER, Harbin and occupied Manchuria. During these hostilities, the military command took a number of urgent measures: the steamships of the Khilok, Third, Gazimur, Amazar, Selenga and Sungari Waterways Administration were armed with field artillery. The ships were subordinate to the army command. Their crews, as well as the Cossacks of the Amur-Ussuri flotilla, under the fire of the Chinese, had to escort civilian ships along the Amur, and also break through to Harbin along the Sungari.

During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. there were 6 armed steamships on the Amur (Selenga, Khilok of the Military Department, Third, Sixth, Eighteenth, Askold of the Border Guard), border boats Arthur and Sentry, 7 152-mm two-gun floating non-self-propelled batteries of the Siberian flotilla (“Berkut”, “Eagle”, “Lungin”, “Chibis”, “Vulture”, “Sokol”, “Krokhal”), 17 obsolete destroyers (No. 3, No. 6, No. 7, No. 9, No. 18, No. 47, No. 48, No. 61, No. 64, No. 91, No. 92, No. 93, No. 95, No. 96, No. 97, No. 98, No. 126) and semi-submarine destroyer (torpedo boat) "Keta » Siberian flotilla. Based mainly in Nikolaevsk, these ships carried out military transportation, carried out antiamphibious defense of the mouth of the Amur and De-Kastri Bay, although they did not directly participate in hostilities (except for the Keta).

Even before the Russo-Japanese War, in 1903, the Naval Department decided to create a permanent naval flotilla on the Amur and build special military ships for it. Shortly before the end of hostilities, April 2, 1905 was formed Separate detachment of ships of the Siberian flotilla, which included all warships on the Amur River.

1906-1917 years

At the end of the unsuccessful war for Russia, the importance of warships on the Amur increased even more. For the Separate Detachment, 4 seaworthy gunboats of the Gilyak type were laid down to protect the mouth of the Amur. However, they did not hit the Amur, but remained in the Baltic, because due to deep draft they could swim only in the lower reaches of the Amur - from Khabarovsk to the mouth.

But the construction of 10 river gunboats with a small recess was begun (Buryat, Orochanin, Mongol, Vogul, Sibiryak, Korel, Kirghiz, Kalmyk, Zyryanin and Votyak "). River gunboats were built at the Sormovo plant, transported by rail and assembled in 1907-1909. in Sretensk. The boats turned out to be quite powerful artillery ships capable of operating in the difficult conditions of the Amur and Ussuri. After the construction of the boats, the plant began to build steamships and barges for private customers.

Then the construction of even stronger tower gunboats began (later called river monitors). Built in 1907-1909. Baltic Shipbuilding Plant and assembled in the village of Kokuy, Chita province, they all entered service in 1910. These gunboats (“Squall”, “Smerch”, “Whirlwind”, “Typhoon”, “Storm”, “Thunderstorm”, “Vyuga "and" Hurricane ") were the most powerful and advanced river ships in the world for their time.

In addition, 10 armored messenger ships of the "Bayonet" type were included in the flotilla - the first armored boats in the world (although this term did not exist then).

By order of the Maritime Department of November 28, 1908, all Amur ships assigned to the Siberian Flotilla were united into Amur River Flotilla with operational subordination to its commander of the Amur Military District.

The flotilla was based in the Osipovsky backwater near Khabarovsk. The main drawback was the weakness of the basing system. The flotilla did not have a shipbuilding base, since the workshops in Kokuy (the future Sretensky Plant) provided only the assembly of ships built in the European part of Russia, as well as the construction of small steam civil ships. The ship repair base existed in the form of handicraft port workshops in the same Osipovsky backwater.

The existence of the flotilla greatly helped in 1910 with the revision of the agreement with China on navigation along the Amur and its tributaries. However, the outbreak of the First World War forced the partial disarmament of the main warships of the flotilla - acutely scarce diesels, 152- and 120-mm guns were removed from them and sent to the Baltic and the Black Sea. Most of the ships have been transferred to the Khabarovsk port for storage.

Amur military flotilla during the years of the Revolution, Civil War and intervention

In December 1917, the flotilla raised red flags, becoming part of the fleet of the Russian Soviet Republic. In July-September 1918, the flotilla took part in the fight against the Japanese interventionists, the White Guards, and Czechoslovak military units. On September 7, 1918, the main forces of the flotilla, which were laid up in Khabarovsk, were captured by the Japanese and became part of the Japanese flotilla on the river. Amur, and the gunboat Orochanin, the messenger ship Pika, together with 20 civilian ships and 16 barges, went to the upper reaches of the Zeya, where they were destroyed by the crews at the end of September 1918 in order to avoid capture. The Amur flotilla as a unit ceased to exist. The Whites tried to create their own flotilla on the Amur, but the Japanese actively prevented this. in late 1919 - early 1920, the Japanese partially blew up the ships of the flotilla, the rest on February 17, 1920 were captured in Khabarovsk by red partisans. Some gunboats were put into operation, included in the organized on May 8, 1920. Amur Flotilla of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic(since April 19, 1921 - Amur Flotilla of the Naval Forces of the Far East) and took part in the civil war until October 1922. Initially, they were based in Khabarovsk, but after its capture in May 1920 by the Japanese - in Blagoveshchensk, and from October 1920 - again in Khabarovsk. However, before leaving Khabarovsk in October 1920, the Japanese took 4 gunboats, a messenger ship and several auxiliary ships to Sakhalin. Most of the gunboats of the former Amur flotilla throughout 1920 continued to be in a destroyed and half-flooded state in Khabarovsk. On December 22-23, 1921, they were captured there by the Belopovstanskaya army of the Amur Territory, and on February 14, 1922, again by the red units of the NRA of the FER. The combat-ready forces of the flotilla (red) by the summer of 1921 after repairs consisted of six gunboats, five armed steamers, six boats, six minesweepers and up to 20 auxiliary vessels. From April 1921, the flotilla was subordinate to the headquarters of the Naval Forces of the Far East. The flotilla interacted with the ground forces on the Amur and Ussuri rivers, defended a mine and artillery position in the Khabarovsk region. From 01/09/1922 it was called People's Revolutionary Fleet of the Far East. The last operation of the flotilla during the civil war was the campaign of a detachment of ships as part of the Northern Group of Land and Sea Forces in September-October 1922 in order to liberate the lower reaches of the Amur from the Japanese and pro-Japanese authorities. Shortly after the NRA occupation of the FER of Vladivostok, on November 7, 1922, the NRF of the FER was again divided into the Naval Detachment, which included the remnants of the Siberian Flotilla captured by the Reds in Vladivostok, and Amur Flotilla NRF DVR. But a few days later, the Far Eastern Republic announced its accession to the RSFSR, and, accordingly, the flotilla became known on 11/17/1922 Amur River Flotilla of the Naval Forces of the Far East RSFSR. In May 1925, by diplomatic means, it was possible to receive from Japan the river ships taken away by it.

Interwar period

After the intervention and the civil war, the flotilla was in a deplorable state, having lost more than half of its combat strength, but in the mid-1920s. began to recover with great enthusiasm through repairs, modernization and re-equipment of river ships inherited from the Russian Empire, as well as the transfer of several armored boats by rail from the Baltic and Black Seas. this was mostly done by 1927-1935, when the flotilla included monitors Sun-Yat-Sen, Lenin, Kirov, Far East Komsomolets, Dzerzhinsky, Sverdlov, Krasny Vostok (former river gunboats of the Shkval type, which changed names several times), gunboats Buryat, Mongol, Krasnaya Zvezda, Krasnoye Znamya and Proletary (former gunboats of the Buryat and Vogul"), as well as 7 armored boats of the types "Partizan", "Spear", "K" and "N".

Since September 6, 1926, in connection with the abolition of the Naval Forces of the Far East, the flotilla was directly subordinate to the head of the Naval Forces of the Red Army. From September 29, 1927 to June 27, 1931 it was called Far Eastern military flotilla, like the entire future Pacific Fleet.

In 1929 she took part in battles with Chinese militarists during the "Conflict on the CER". In July 1929, immediately after the capture of the Chinese Eastern Railway by the Chiang Kai-shekists, shelling of Soviet ships and coastal settlements on the Amur and its tributaries began. October 1929, by the beginning of the active phase of hostilities, the Far Eastern military flotilla had 4 monitors led by Lenin, 4 gunboats, a hydroaviation floating base, 3 armored boats and several other ships. They were opposed by the Chinese Sungarian flotilla of one seagoing gunboat, 3 river gunboats, 5 armed steamers, a floating battery and armed transport, and other vessels. Until the end of October, the Amur flotilla advanced along the Sungari to the city of Fujin. for the first and last time in the history of Russian and Soviet naval river fleets, on October 11, 1929, near Lakhasusu (Tongjiang) at the mouth of the Songhua, a full-scale artillery battle of the main forces of the river fleets took place, ending in the complete defeat of the enemy - the Sungarian flotilla. Three gunboats, two armed steamships and a floating battery were destroyed in battle, the rest were finished off in two weeks by naval hydroaviation. On May 20, 1930, for excellent actions in defeating the "White Chinese" (as they were then called), the flotilla was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and became known as Far Eastern Red Banner Military Flotilla.

Project 1124 armored boat of the Amur Flotilla, 1937

In the 1930s in the course of a large-scale campaign for the development of the Far East, the base of the flotilla was significantly improved. In Khabarovsk, in 1932, the Osipovsky Zaton shipyard was opened (Shipyard No. 368, later the shipyard named after S. M. Kirov). Since 1934, the interests of the River Fleet were served by the Sretensky Shipyard, established in Kokuy on the basis of small civil shipyards and branches of factories. For the Navy and border guards, this plant built auxiliary ships and boats. But the largest shipbuilding enterprise on the Amur was the shipbuilding plant No. 199 named after. Leninsky Komsomol (now the Amur Shipbuilding Plant) in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, which built ships from 1935. Repair bases operated in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk.

Amur military flotilla before the war and during the Second World War

On June 27, 1931, the flotilla was renamed Amur Red Banner Military Flotilla. pre-war years, from 1935-1937. began to be actively replenished with special river warships of the new construction. their number included one of the first-born of the Soviet monitor program - the monitor "Active" (1935), large "Amur" armored boats of project 1124 with two tank turrets (or installations of the "Katyusha" type) and small "Dnieper" armored boats of project 1125 with one tank tower. The first by 1945, there were 31 units, the second - 42 units. In addition, by 1941, the flotilla was replenished with eight gunboats converted from river steamers, as well as mine and bono-net layers, river minesweepers, mine boats, floating anti-aircraft batteries and other necessary vessels.

By the time of the zenith of its military power in 1945, the flotilla consisted of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd brigades of river ships based in Khabarovsk (each brigade consisted of a detachment of 2-3 monitors or two divisions of 2-4 gunboats, two detachments of armored boats of 4 units each, a division of 4 minesweepers, one or two detachments of boat minesweepers and individual ships), as well as the Zeya-Bureya brigade of river ships based in Blagoveshchensk (1 monitor, 5 gunboats, two divisions of armored boats, a total of 16 BKA , a division of 3 minesweepers, a detachment of boat minesweepers, two detachments of gliders), the Sretensky separate detachment of river ships (8 armored boats in two detachments and two gliders), the Ussuriysk separate detachment of 3 armored boats based in Iman, the Khanka separate detachment of 4 armored boats and the Guard raids of the main base of the flotilla. The Amur River Flotilla had nine separate anti-aircraft artillery divisions, armed with 76-mm guns - 28, 40-mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns - 18 and 20-mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns - 24. In addition, the flotilla had its own air force in as part of a fighter regiment, separate squadrons and detachments. In total there were LaGG-3 - 27, Yak-3 - 10, Il-2 - 8, I-153-bis - 13, I-16 - 7, SB - 1, Po-2 - 3, MBR-2 - 3, Yak-7 - 2, Su-2 - 1. At the same time, despite the advance preparation for the war with Japan and the presence of a trained reserve in the form of two European flotillas, the Amur flotilla was staffed by officers only by 91.6%, and foremen and privates - by 88.7%. The situation was leveled by the fact that four relatively large ships were under repair, as well as good special training of personnel. The latter is partly due to the fact that during the Great Patriotic War, even in comparison with the Pacific Fleet, the Amur Flotilla was in constant readiness to repel aggression, and therefore they tried not to “pull apart” its personnel. The foremen and most of the rank and file by that time had served for 6-8 years, and most of the officers came to the flotilla 10-15 years ago.

In 1945, she took part in the war with Japan, being under operational control of the 2nd Far Eastern Front - in the Manchurian offensive operation on August 9 - 20, 1945. The Amur flotilla ensured the advance of Soviet troops along the Amur and Sungari, landed troops in the rear of the Japanese troops, participated in the occupation of the Manchurian cities of Fuyuan, Sakhalyang, Aigun, Fujin, Jiamusi and Harbin, shelled the Japanese fortified sectors, captured the ships of the Sungarian River Flotilla Damanzhou-Digo in Harbin.

post-war period

After the war, the flotilla was replenished with trophies, among which the most valuable were four Japanese-built gunboats, which previously belonged to the Manchurian Sungarian flotilla. In addition, 40 new, more protected and with better weapons, project 191M armored boats, which could truly be considered "river tanks", entered service. Finally, for the mouth of the Amur in 1942-1946. Three powerful project 1190 monitors (of the Hassan type) were built, which for a short time were in the Amur flotilla. However, since the early 1950s in the USSR, the decline of river fleets begins. No new ships are being built for them. The formation in 1949 of the initially friendly People's Republic of China also played an important role. By 1955-1958. all existing river military flotillas were disbanded, and the ships and boats that were part of them were scrapped. This was extremely short-sighted, since armored boats do not require large expenses for their preservation - they are easy to store on the shore in a mothballed form, as a huge number of tanks, artillery and cars were once stored. The Amur flotilla was disbanded in August 1955. Instead, it was created Red Banner Amur Military River Base of the Pacific Fleet.

Since the beginning of the 1960s, relations between the USSR and China began to deteriorate sharply. The defenselessness of the Amur River became so obvious that the military leadership of the country was forced to urgently revive the military river forces. 1961 established Amur brigade(subsequently division) Pacific Fleet river ships. For her, new ships had to be built: the basis of the river forces was project 1204 artillery boats, which in 1966-1967. built 118 units, as well as 11 small artillery ships of project 1208, built in 1975-1985. The first were to replace the old armored boats, the second - river monitors. However, according to experts and the military, a full-fledged replacement did not work out: if the 191M armored boats were created specifically for the war as "river tanks", then the new artillery boats are more like peacetime patrol boats with bulletproof protection. MAKs pr. 1208 for various reasons were also not very successful. In addition, especially for border guards in 1979-1984. built eleven border guard ships of project 1248 (based on MAK pr. 1208), and for staff and management purposes - in the same years eight PSKR of project 1249. In fairness, it should be noted that foreign analogues of Soviet river ships of projects 191M, 1204, 1208 either significantly inferior to them, or absent altogether.

With this fleet, the former Amur Flotilla took on the stress of the Soviet-Chinese border conflicts, which peaked in 1969, and entered the 1990s with it. Reorganizations began again ... By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1995, Amur border river flotilla as part of the border troops of the Russian Federation. However, soon by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 7, 1998, the Amur border river flotilla was disbanded. Due to underfunding, the connection is divided into separate brigades of border guard ships and boats. All warships and boats have been handed over to the Federal Border Service. In 2000, 5 brigades and 1 division of border ships and boats were stationed on the Amur: 32 PSKR project 1204, 12 PSKR project 1248, 5 PSKR project 1249, 2 PSKA project 1408.1, 12 PSKA project 371, 3 MAK, 2 Saiga, 3 tankers (2 large and 1 small), 2 self-propelled barges, 1 unarmed river boat, 2 tankers. In 2003, MAKs (small artillery ships) were cut into scrap metal, part of the Murena landing ships (the rest were sold to South Korea). As of 2008, in addition to several dozen border guard ships (for example, Project 1248 "Mosquito") and boats, only one warship survived from the Amur military flotilla - the small artillery ship "Vyuga". In 2009, the Border Guard Service on the Amur included 15 river artillery armored boats of project 1204 "Bumblebee" (possibly already decommissioned), 1 river small artillery ship of project 1208 "Slepen", from 7 to 9 river artillery boats of project 1248.1 "Mosquito", 8 river armored boats management of project 1249 and 3 artillery armored boats of project 12130 "Spark".

The composition of the flotilla

In 1910

Monitor model "Lenin" type "Shkval" (former "Storm")

• 8 river gunboats (later monitors) of the Flurry type (Storm, Hurricane, Tornado, Whirlwind, Typhoon, Blizzard, Thunderstorm, Flurry)
• 3 Buryat type river gunboats (Buryat, Mongol, Orochanin)
• 7 river gunboats of the Vogul type (Vogul, Votyak, Kalmyk, Kirghiz, Korel, Sibiryak, Zyryanin)
• 10 messenger ships (armored boats) of the "Bayonet" type ("Bayonet", "Broadsword", "Bullet", "Pistol", "Saber", "Dagger", "Rapier", "Saber", "Pike", "Spear" ).
• 3 armed steamships - "Strong", and 2 more (possibly "Khilok" and "Selenga").

May-June 1920

• 3 armed steamships (Karl Marx, Mark Varyagin, Trud)
• 2 boats

Autumn 1921

• 2 monitors ("Storm", "Hurricane")
• 3 gunboats (Vogul, Kalmyk, Sibiryak)
• 5 armed steamships (Erofey Khabarov, Mark Varyagin, Moskva, Pavel Zhuravlev, Trud)
• 4 armored boats ("Bars", "Tiger", "Darchi", "Khivin")
• 5 armed boats ("The Work of the Working Hand", "Albatross", "Condor", "Krechet", "Falcon", "Arrow")
• 2 floating batteries
• minelayer "Muravyov-Amursky"
• 4 minesweepers (Bureya, Zeya, Zheltuga, Sometimes, Onon)
• floating base of the division of boats "Irtysh"
• tugs "Nerchinsk" and "Fireworker".

In October 1929

• 4 monitors (Lenin - former Storm, Krasny Vostok - former Hurricane, Sverdlov - former Blizzard, Sun Yat-Sen - former Flurry)
• 4 gunboats ("Buryat", "Poor" - the former "Vogul", "Red Banner" - the former "Sibiryak", "Proletary" - the former "Votyak")
• 3 armored boats (Spear, Pika, Bars)
• 1 mine layer "Strong" (a former armed steamer, converted and retrained as a mine layer in 1926)
• group of minesweepers
• landing battalion
• air squadron (14 MP-1 seaplanes and the floating base of the Amur hydroaviation).

At the beginning of August 1945

126 ships in combat strength, including:

• 8 monitors ("Lenin", "Krasny Vostok", "Sverdlov", "Sun Yat-Sen", "Kirov" - former "Smerch" (under repair), "Far East Komsomolets" - former "Whirlwind", "Dzerzhinsky" - former "Typhoon" (under repair), and "Active" - ​​built in 1935)
• 13 gunboats ("Buryat" (under repair), "Mongol", "Red Banner" (under repair), "Proletary", "Red Star" - the former "Poor", as well as KL-30, KL-31, KL -32, KL-33, KL-34, KL-35, KL-36 and KL-37)
• from 52 (by the beginning of the war) to 82 (by autumn) armored boats (31 of them project 1124 - BK-11..15, BK-20, BK-22..25, BK-41..48, BK-51. .56, BK-61..66, 42 projects 1125 - BK-16…19, BK-26..29, BK-31..38, BK-85..90, BK-104..111, BK- 141..152, "Alarm", "Partizan", BK-93, BK-94, BK-71, BK-73, BK-75, BK-81, BK-84)
• mine layer "Strong"
• bono-net loader ZBS-1
• 15 river minesweepers (RTSC-1…4, 50..59 and RTSC-64)
• 36 minesweepers
• 7 mine boats
• 45th Separate Fighter Aviation Regiment
• 10th separate air squadron (total 68 aircraft), personnel 12.5 thousand people.

Early 1950s

• 3 marine monitors ("Hasan", "Perekop", "Sivash") (in 1955)
• 8 river monitors Suchan (formerly Sun Yat-Sen), Lenin, Kirov, Far East Komsomolets, Dzerzhinsky, Sverdlov, Krasny Vostok, Active) (until 1952 -1953)
• 7 river gunboats ("Buryat", "Red Star", "Red Banner", KL-55, KL-56, KL-57, KL-58) (until 1951-1953)
• 40 project 191M armored boats
• a certain number of armored boats of projects 1124 and 1125.

In 1969

• project 1204 artillery boats
• river minesweepers
• landing craft and other vessels.

In the mid 1980s

• 8 small artillery ships of project 1208 (MAK-2, MAK-6, MAK-4, MAK-7, MAK-8 Khabarovsk Komsomolets, MAK-10, MAK-3, MAK-11 (listed in order of construction) and 3 MAK as part of the Marine units of the border troops.
• several dozen project 1204 artillery boats (AK-201, etc.)
• 11 project 1248 border patrol ships
• 8 border patrol (headquarters) ships of project 1249 (PSKR-52…59)
• border patrol boats of projects 1496, 1415, etc.
• project 1205 hovercraft assault craft
• Project 12061 hovercraft landing craft
• river minesweepers, basic supply vessels, etc.

In 1997

• 10 PSKR pr. 1208 ("Whirlwind", "Blizzard", "Thunderstorm", "Smerch", "Typhoon", "Hurricane", "Squall", "Storm", "60 years of the Cheka", "Name of the 60th anniversary of the border troops "")
• 6 PSKR pr. 1248 (PSKR-312…)
• 8 PSKR pr. 1249 (PSKR-52…59)
• 31 border guard boats project 1204 (P-340..344, P-346..351, P-355..363, P-365..368, P-370..372, P-374..377)
• 2 border patrol boats pr. 1496
• 4 border patrol boats pr. 1415
• 13 assault boats (D-419, 421, 425, 428, 429, 433, 434, 437, 438, 442, 446, 447, 448)
• 8 landing craft project 12061 (D-142, 143, 259, 285, 323, 447, 453, 458)
• tankers, crew boats, etc., not counting the ships of army formations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Fisheries, etc.

In 1999

Disbanded 11 OBRPSKR (Dzhalinda), PSK Division as part of the Skovorodinsky POGO

In 2000

• PSK division (Dzhalinda) relocated to Blagoveshchensk (Astrakhanovka)
• 12 OBRPSKR (Blagoveshchensk)

PSKR project 1248, PSKR project 1249, 18 PSKR project 1204, PSKR project 1408.1, PSKR project 371

• 13 OBRPSKR (Leninskoye)

9 PSKR project 1248, PSKR project 1249

• 14 OBRPSKR (Kazakevichevo)

2 PSKR project 1248, 2 PSKR project 1249, PSKR project 1208, 12 PSKR project 1204, PSKA project 1408.1, PSKA project 371, 3 MACs, 2 Saiga, 3 tankers (2 large and 1 small), 2 self-propelled barges, 1 unarmed river boat, 2 tankers

• 15 OBRPSKR (Dalnerechensk)

PSKR project 1249, PSKR project 1204, 9 PSK project 371

• ODnPSKa (Sretensk)

PSK of various projects, PMK of project 1398 "Aist", as well as a group of PMK in the village. Priargunsk (subordinate to the commander of the ODnPSK)

• Since 2008, the OdnPSK (Sretensk) has been reorganized into the PSK division and reassigned to the Border Service in the village. Kokui.

Flotilla commanders

• 1905-1910 - captain 1st rank A. A. Kononov
• 1910-1913 - Rear Admiral K. V. Bergel
• 1913-1917 - Vice Admiral A. A. Bazhenov
• December 1917 - September 1918 - Captain 1st Rank G. G. Ogilvy
• May 1920 - June 1921 - V. Ya. Kanyuk
• June - August 1921 - V. A. Poderni (vrid)
• August - October 1921 - N. V. Tretyakov
• October 1921 - January 1922 - N. P. Orlov
• November 1922 - January 1923 - E. M. Voeikov
• January - December 1923 - P. A. Tuchkov
• December 1923 - April 1926 - S. A. Khvitsky
• May - September 1926 - V. V. Selitrennikov
• September 1926 - November 1930 - Ya. I. Ozolin
• November 1930 - October 1933 - D. P. Isakov
• October 1933 - January 1938 - flagship 1st rank I. N. Kadatsky-Rudnev
• February 1938 - February 1939 - flagship 2nd rank F. S. Oktyabrsky
• February - July 1939 - Captain 1st Rank D. D. Rogachev
• July 1939 - July 1940 - flagship of the 2nd rank (from 06.1940 - rear admiral) A. G. Golovko
• July - August 1940 - Captain 2nd Rank M. I. Fedorov
• August 1940 - June 1943 - Rear Admiral P. S. Abankin
• June 1943 - March 1944 - Vice Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky
• March - September 1944 - Rear Admiral (from 07.1944 - Vice Admiral) P. S. Abankin
• September 1944 - July 1945 - Vice Admiral F. S. Sedelnikov
• July 1945 - October 1948 - Rear Admiral N. V. Antonov
• October 1948 - January 1949 - Captain 1st Rank A. I. Tsybulsky
• January 1949 - February 1951 - Vice Admiral V. G. Fadeev
• February 1951 - November 1953 - Rear Admiral G. G. Oleinik
• January 1954 - September 1955 - Rear Admiral A. A. Uragan

Commanders of the Amur Border River Flotilla

• February 1995 - November 1997 - Vice Admiral V. A. Nechaev
• December 1997 - June 1998 - Rear Admiral A. A. Manchenko

Notes

1. Russian-Ships.info - Border patrol ships Project 1249, Side numbers ... PSKR-54: 056? (1986), 139 (1994), 146 (2000)
2. Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 106. June 27, 1931. Moscow. - M: Central printing house of the NKVM im. Klima Voroshilova, 1931. - 1 p. - 415 copies.
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1995 N 100 “On the Creation of the Amur Border River Flotilla as part of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation”
4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.06.98 N 662 "On the disbandment of the Amur border river flotilla"
5. The Russian Navy of the 20th century. Ships and boats that are part of the divisions, brigades and divisions of the MCHPV of the KGB of the USSR and the FPS (FSB) of Russia
6. News of Khabarovsk. Warships to be scrapped on the Amur
7. Socio-political newspaper "Pacific Star". Only "Vyuga" sailed before the anniversary
8. Chuprin K.V. Armed forces of the CIS and Baltic countries: a reference book / Under the general. ed. A. E. Taras. - Minsk: Modern School, 2009. - S. 290-291. - 832 p. - ISBN 978-985-513-617-1.
9. History of the Russian fleet
10. Shirokorad A. B. Russia and China - conflicts and cooperation. LLC "Publishing House" Veche 2000 ", 2004
11. Amur military flotilla // Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Encyclopedia. - 1985. - S. 49.

Literature

• Amur military flotilla // A - Bureau of military commissars / . - M.: Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1976. - (Soviet military encyclopedia:; v. 1).
• Amur military flotilla // Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Encyclopedia / ed. M. M. Kozlova. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 49. - 500,000 copies.

Links

• CAF base. Part 1. Ground buildings. Part 2. Boiler room. Part 3. Shore
• Introductory walk around the KAF base
• Khabarovsk. Day of the city. river parade

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Fighter air defense corps	6 7 8 9 10 Guards: 2

Commanders Amur flotilla
Commanders of the Amur River Flotilla of the Russian Empire	A. A. Kononov (1905-1910) K. V. Bergel (1910-1913) A. A. Bazhenov (1913-1917) G. G. Ogilvy (1917-1918)
Commanders of the Amur Flotilla of the Far Eastern Republic	V. Ya. Kanyuk (1920-1921) V. A. Poderni (1921) N. V. Tretyakov (1921) N. P. Orlov (1921-1922)
Commanders of the Amur Military Flotilla of the USSR	E. M. Voeikov (1922-1923) P. A. Tuchkov (1923) S. A. Khvitsky (1923-1926) V. V. Selitrennikov (1926) Ya. I. Ozolin (1926-1930) D. P. Isakov (1930-1933) I. N. Kadatsky-Rudnev (1933-38) F. S. Oktyabrsky (1938-1939) D. D. Rogachev (1939) A. G. Golovko (1939-1940) M. I. Fedorov (1940) P. S. Abankin (1940-1943) F. S. Oktyabrsky (1943-1944) P. S. Abankin (1944) F. S. Sedelnikov (1944-1945) N. V. Antonov (1945- 1948) A. I. Tsybulsky (1948-1949) V. G. Fadeev (1949-1951) G. G. Oleinik (1951-1953) A. A. Hurricane (1954-1955)
Commander of the Amur Military Flotilla of the Russian Federation	A. A. Manchenko (1995-1998)

amur military flotilla aleut, amur military flotilla zhk, amur military flotilla river, amur military flotilla radisson

Amur military flotilla

AMUR MILITARY FLEET - formation as part of the navy. Created in 1900 to defend the border along the Amur and Ussuri rivers. During the Civil War, the ships were captured by the Japanese invaders. Recreated in 1920. Participated in combat operations during the Soviet-Chinese conflict of 1929, in the Manchurian operation of 1945 during the Soviet-Japanese war.

The flotilla was created as a temporary formation to protect Russian outposts in the Far East. It included armed commercial ships that carried out military transportation, since before the construction of the CER, the river. Cupid was the only way of communication. B 4904 the flotilla was reinforced with armed steamships and destroyers. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, the ships of the flotilla transferred troops and cargo to Manchuria.

In July 1906, a resolution was adopted on the establishment of the Amur military flotilla to defend the border line of the Amur basin and provide communications along the river. Amur and the construction of special military ships for it. On May 10, 1907, the first gunboats joined the flotilla. In 1910, it consisted of 8 turret seaworthy gunboats (monitors), 10 shallow draft gunboats, 10 messengers and several auxiliary vessels. The main base was Khabarovsk.

In December 1917, the Soviet Amur military flotilla was created. It included ships and vessels whose crews went over to the side of Soviet power. The flotilla took an active part in the fight against the Japanese interventionists and the White Guards, in the establishment of Soviet power in Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk. In March 1918, the gunboat Orochanin and the messenger ship Pika, as well as a detachment of sailors from the flotilla, successfully operated against Gamow's gangs in Blagoveshchensk. In April, a combined detachment (about 1000 people) of the sailors of the Siberian and Amur flotillas fought against the detachments of Ataman Semenov in the Chita region. 2 monitors and 5 gunboats of the flotilla carried guard duty on the Amur and Ussuri rivers and assisted the troops of the Red Army. At the end of June 1918, when units of the rebellious Czechoslovak corps occupied Vladivostok, a detachment of Amur sailors and two armored trains arrived at the Ussuri Front. The ships of the flotilla provided significant assistance to the troops in repulsing the enemy offensive.

After the capture of the flotilla base in the Osipovsky backwater (near Khabarovsk) by the Japanese invaders on September 7, 1918, some of the ships were scuttled by the crews. The gunboat "Orochanin" as part of the Annunciation detachment fought stubborn battles with the invaders until the end of September, then retreated up the river. Zeya, where she was brought into disrepair, and her crew switched to partisan operations. In October 1920, the Japanese took to about. Sakhalin, the best ships of the flotilla are the Shkval monitor, the Buryat, Mongol and Votyak gunboats, 2 steamships and several barges with cargo worth more than 13 million rubles in gold.

On May 8, 1920, the reconstruction of the Amur Flotilla began in Blagoveshchensk. On April 19, 1921, she was subordinated to the headquarters of the Far East Naval Forces and in May she was transferred to Khabarovsk. By the summer of 1921, the Shtorm and Uragan monitors, the Sibiryak, Vogul and Kalmyk gunboats, 4 armed steamships, and 2 floating batteries were put into operation. In October, in connection with the threat of the capture of the city by the White Guard and Japanese troops, the ships moved to Blagoveshchensk. The Amur Flotilla participated in the defeat of the White Guards in Primorye. On September 10, 1922, an assault force was landed from two gunboats in Nikolaevsk, which took part in the liberation of the Lower Amur from the White Guards and interventionists. On September 30, a detachment of ships of the flotilla defeated the White Guard ships on Lake. Khanka. The sailors of the flotilla played a significant role in liquidating the last pockets of counter-revolution in the Far East. From January 9, 1922, the flotilla was part of the People's Revolutionary Fleet of the Far East, from November 1922 to September 1926 - part of the Naval Forces of the Far East, then, in April 1927, it was renamed the Far Eastern Military Flotilla (the main base of Khabarovsk) and subordinated to the Administration of the Navy of the Red Army. In 1929, on the eve of the conflict on the CER, the flotilla consisted of 3 divisions of ships (4 MN, 4 KL, 3 BKA, 1 ZM), a group of minesweepers, a landing battalion, and a hydro-aviation detachment (14 seaplanes). In the course of hostilities during the Sino-Soviet conflict, the flotilla successfully landed a number of tactical assault forces, broke into enemy defenses with ship fire, and destroyed the Sungari military-river flotilla. On April 23, 1930, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In the 1930s, the flotilla was equipped with new ships. On June 27, 1931, it was renamed the Amur Red Banner Flotilla.

During the Great Patriotic War, the marine battalions and other units formed on the flotilla (more than 9.5 thousand sailors in total) fought on the land fronts against the Nazi invaders. During the war with Japan in 1945, the flotilla (6 MN, 11 KL, 7 MKA, 52 BKA, 12 TShch, 36 KATSCH and auxiliary vessels) provided operational transport, landing troops, forcing the Amur, Ussuri, Sungari rivers. Together with units of the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts, she participated in the capture of a number of strongholds of the Japanese and the cities of Manchuria. Subsequently, the flotilla was disbanded.

The flotilla was commanded by: G. G. Ogilvy (December 1917 - September 1918), V. Ya. Buzzard (May 1920 1920-June 1921), N. V. Tretyakov (August - October 1921), N. P. Orlov (October 1921 - January 1922), E. M. Voeikov (November 1922 - January 1923), P. A. Tuchkov (January - December 1923), S. A. Khvitsky (December 1923 - April 1926), V. V. Selitrennikov (May - September 1926), Ya. I. Ozolin (September 1926 - November 1930), D. P. Isakov (November 1930 - October 1933), I. N. Kadatsky-Rudnev (October 1933 - March 1938), F. S. Oktyabrsky (March 1938 - February 1939), D. D. Rogachev (1939, acting), A. G. Golovko (July 1939 - July 1940), P. S. Abankin (July 1940 - June 1943; March - September 1944), F. S. Oktyabrsky (June 1943 - March 1944), F. S. Sedelnikov ( September 1944 - June 1945), N. V. Antonov (June - December 1945).

The second expedition led by ataman E. P. Khabarov, which reached the Amur in 1650 also on plows, managed to create Russian settlements along the Amur for a while, but after unsuccessful military operations with Qing China in the city, under the terms of the unequal Nerchinsk peace, the Russians were forced leave Cupid for 160 years.

Along the Amur and its tributaries since the 1860s. there were private and state-owned steamships, some of which belonged to the Military Department and could be armed: Zeya, Onon, Ingoda, Chita, Konstantin, General Korsakov. On the Amur there were also unarmed steamships of the Siberian flotilla "Shilka", "Amur", "Lena", "Sungacha", "Ussuri", "Tug", "Polza", "Success", screw launches and barges. Steamships were mainly engaged in economic transportation and supply. By the end of the 19th century, 160 steam ships and 261 barges were sailing along the Amur and its tributaries.

The first connection appeared in - years, although it was not naval.

For the defense of the border line, the maintenance of the Cossack villages, located on the banks of the Amur, Ussuri and Shilka, was created Amur-Ussuri Cossack flotilla. It initially consisted of the Ataman steamships (flagship), the Ussuri Cossack, the Patrol steamboat, the Lena and Bulava barges. The crews included Transbaikal, Amur, Ussuri Cossacks. Senior commander (a position equated in status to the position of commander of a separate Cossack hundred) to the city - Lukhmanov, Dmitry Afanasyevich. The financing of the flotilla was determined from the funds of two Cossack troops at once - Amur (8976 rubles per year) and Ussuri (17423 rubles per year). The Cossacks also procured firewood and coal for the ships of the flotilla (since 1898, 20% of the proceeds from private flights were allocated to pay for their supplies), but since 1904 this duty was replaced by a payment from military capital (2,156 rubles a year from Amur and 4,724 rubles from the capital). from the Ussuri troops).

The flotilla was based on the Iman River and was subordinate to the Amur Cossack troops and quite successfully defended Russian subjects from the attacks of the Chinese Honghuz, transported goods and passengers until 1917.

In the 1930s, during a large-scale campaign to develop the Far East, the base of the flotilla was significantly improved. In Khabarovsk, in 1932, the shipbuilding plant "Osipovsky Zaton" (Shipyard No. 368, later the shipbuilding plant named after S. M. Kirov) was opened. Since 1934, the interests of the Rechflot were served by the Sretensky Shipyard, established in Kokuy on the basis of small civil shipyards and branches of factories. For the Navy and border guards, this plant built auxiliary ships and boats. But the largest shipbuilding enterprise on the Amur was the shipbuilding plant No. 199 named after. Leninsky Komsomol (now the Amur Shipbuilding Plant) in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, which has been building ships since 1935. Repair bases operated in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk.

On June 27, 1931, the flotilla was renamed Amur Red Banner Military Flotilla. In the prewar years, from 1935-1937. began to be actively replenished with special river warships of the new construction. These included one of the first-born of the Soviet monitoring program - the Active monitor (1935), large Amur armored boats of project 1124 (BKA pr. 1124) with two tank turrets (or with one turret and a Katyusha-type installation) and small "Dnieper" armored boats of project 1125 with one tank turret. By 1945, there were 31 of the first, and 42 of the second. In addition, by 1941, the flotilla was replenished with eight gunboats converted from river steamers, as well as mine and bono-net layers, river minesweepers, mine boats, floating anti-aircraft batteries and other necessary vessels .

By the time of the zenith of its military power in 1945, the flotilla consisted of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd brigades of river ships based in Khabarovsk (each brigade consisted of 2-3 monitors or two divisions of 2-4 gunboats, two detachments of armored boats of 4 units, a division of 4 minesweepers, one or two detachments of boat minesweepers and individual ships), as well as the Zeya-Bureinsky brigade of river ships based in Blagoveshchensk (1 monitor, 5 gunboats, two divisions of armored boats, a total of 16 BKA, a division of 3 minesweepers, a detachment of boat minesweepers, two detachments of gliders), the Sretensky separate detachment of river ships (8 armored boats in two detachments and two gliders), the Ussuriysk separate detachment of 3 armored boats based in Iman, the Khanka separate detachment of 4 armored boats and the Raid Guard the main base of the flotilla. The Amur River Flotilla had nine separate anti-aircraft artillery divisions, armed with 28 76-mm guns, 18 40-mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns and 24 20-mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns. In addition, the flotilla had its own air force as part of a fighter regiment, separate squadrons and detachments. In total there were 27 LaGG-3s, 13 Fuyuan, Sakhalyang, Aigun, Fujin, Jiamusi and Harbin, fired at Japanese fortified sectors, captured ships of the Manchukuo-Digo Sungarian River Flotilla in Harbin.

After the war, the flotilla was replenished with trophies, among which the most valuable were four Japanese-built gunboats, which previously belonged to the Manchurian Sungarian flotilla. In addition, 40 new, more protected and with better weapons, project 191M armored boats, which could truly be considered "river tanks", entered service. Finally, for the mouth of the Amur in 1942-1946. Three powerful project 1190 monitors (of the Khasan type) were built, which for a short time were in the Amur flotilla. However, since the early 1950s in the USSR, the decline of river fleets begins. No new ships are being built for them. Not the last role was played by the formation in 1949 of the initially friendly People's Republic of China. By 1955-1958. all existing river military flotillas were disbanded, and the ships and boats that were part of them were scrapped. This was short-sighted, since armored boats do not require large expenses to save - they are easy to store on the shore in a mothballed form, as a huge number of tanks, artillery and cars were once stored. The Amur flotilla was disbanded in August 1955. Created instead Red Banner Amur Military River Base of the Pacific Fleet.

PSKR-200, PSKR 4th rank (artillery boat of project 12130 "Spark")

Project 14081M "Saigak" boat belongs to the Federal Customs Service.

Since the beginning of the 1960s, relations between the USSR and China began to deteriorate sharply. The defenselessness of the Amur River became so obvious that the military leadership of the country was forced to urgently revive the military river forces. Established in 1961 Amur brigade(subsequently division) Pacific Fleet river ships. For her, new ships had to be built: the basis of the river forces was project 1204 artillery boats, which in 1966-1967. built 118 units, as well as 11 small artillery ships of project 1208, built in 1975-1985. The first were to replace the old armored boats, the second - river monitors. However, according to experts and the military, a full-fledged replacement did not work out: if the 191M armored boats were created specifically for the war as "river tanks", then the new artillery boats are more like peacetime patrol boats with bulletproof protection. MAKs pr. 1208 for various reasons were also not very successful. In addition, especially for border guards in 1979-1984. built eleven border patrol ships of project 1248 (based on MAK pr. 1208), and for headquarters and management purposes - in the same years, eight PSKR Amur border river flotilla. In 2003, MAKs (small artillery ships) were cut into scrap metal, part of the Murena landing ships (the rest were sold to South Korea). As of 2008, in addition to several dozen border patrol ships (for example, Project 1248 Mosquito) and boats, only one warship survived from the Amur military flotilla - the small artillery ship Vyuga. In 2009, the Border Guard Service on the Amur had 15 (possibly already decommissioned), 1 river small artillery ship of project 1208 "Slepen", from 7 to 9 river artillery boats of project 1248.1 "Mosquito", 8 river armored boats of the management of project 1249 and 3 artillery armored boats project 12130 "Spark".

Disbanded 11 OBRPSKR (Dzhalinda), PSK Division as part of the Skovorodinsky POGO

PSKR project 1248, PSKR project 1249, 18 PSKR project 1204, PSKR project 1408.1, PSKR project 371

2 PSKR project 1248, 2 PSKR project 1249, PSKR project 1208, 12 PSKR project 1204, PSKA project 1408.1, PSKA project 371, 3 MACs, 2 Saiga, 3 tankers (2 large and 1 small), 2 self-propelled barges, 1 unarmed river boat, 2 tankers

PSK of various projects, PMK of project 1398 "Aist", as well as a group of PMK in the village. Priargunsk (subordinate to the commander of the ODnPSK)